Therapeutic benefits of holy basil (TULSI) in general and oral medicine: A review
Abstract
Nature has bestowed on us a very rich botanical wealth and a large number of diverse types of plants grow in different parts of the country. Plants are the richest resource of drugs in traditional systems of medicine, modern medicines, nutraceuticals, food supplements, folk medicines, pharmaceutical intermediates and chemical entities for synthetic drugs. Medicinal plants are a source of great economic value all over the world. Ocimum sanctum Linn (Tulsi) is a well-known plant used in the Indian system of medicine. This paper reviews the therapeutic potential of this plant in treatment of various medical and oral disorders.
... Different parts of Holy basil like seeds, roots and leaves possess therapeutic properties. Leaves is widely used for preparation of health supplement or ayurvedic medic medicine or nutraceutical due to presence of typical components like phenols, terpenes, alkaloids which are responsible of aroma of Tulsi (Bhateja and Arora, 2012). By using GC technique its typical chemical composition can be estimated, its volatile oil contains 45 compounds majorly basilare rosmarinic acid, linalool, methyl chavicol, methyl cinnamate. ...
... They are also discovered to be environmentally friendly because they utilize less organic solvents and energy. The literature ( Biswas & Biswas, 2005;Vaidya, 2011;Bhateja & Arora, 2012;Lyons et al., 2018) describes the combination of extraction techniques to produce high yields overall or high-purity extracts. Its primary benefit is continuous mode operability; this, from an industrial and commercial standpoint, is essential (Bast et al., 2014). ...
As of yet, there isn't a single technique that is accepted as the standard for extracting bioactive chemicals from plants. Methods. The effectiveness of both traditional and unconventional extraction methods largely depends on key input variables, knowledge of the composition of plant matter, bioactive chemical chemistry, and scientific knowledge. Results. The necessity for the most suitable and standardized technology to separate active ingredients for plant matter is highlighted by the utilization of bioactive chemicals in several economic sectors, including the pharmaceutical, food, and chemical industries. This review aimed to discuss there are several extraction methods and their basic mechanisms for the extraction of bioactive substances from medicinal plants.
... The stem and roots of tulsi are used as small beads to make a string (Mala), which is used in meditation, chanting, spiritual practices and consequently ceremonially connect mind, body and spirit. The earliest history of this plant is found in "Rigveda", supposed to be the oldest repository of human knowledge (Bhateja and Arora 2012). There are two kinds of holy basils-one with green leaves recognized as Shree/Ram Tulsi and other bearing purple leaves identified as Krishna Tulsi. ...
The genus Ocimum belonging to the Lamiaceae family comprises a number of species that are used to treat many diseases since ancient times. Ocimum plants have been a globally valuable source of many herbal phyto-formulations as well as in cosmetic products, thereby increasing the demand and supply at the commercial level. Due to the high demand and supply of this herb, there is a need to develop efficient strategies for proper cultivation and conservation of uniform plant material. Ocimums have a great variation in batch-to-batch phytoconstituents production because this is a cross-pollinated plant. Ocimum species biosynthesize various phytoconstituents like phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and saponins having a specific value in pharma industries. These phytoconstituents possess many bioactivities like antibacterial, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal and anticancer. In this chapter, the production of these bioactive phytoconstituents and various strategies for conservation of different Ocimum species based on plant tissue culture (PTC) and breeding conservation technology have been emphasized. PTC and breeding-based approaches like micropropagation, meristem culture, synthetic seed technology and molecular marker-based selection are effective for the conservation of the Ocimum species and development of uniform planting material. The production and enrichment of secondary metabolites to fulfil the rising commercial demands are also achieved by focusing on biotic and abiotic elicitors in callus and cell suspension cultures of Ocimum species have also been highlighted in the present compilation.Keywords
Ocimum
PhytoconstituentsConservationMicropropagation
... Several research studies have shown the beneficial use of herbal drugs like aloe vera, neem, propolis, cranberry, turmeric, ocimum sanctum etc. in the treatment of periodontal diseases. (9,10,11) Ocimum sanctum is reported to have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties and effective in neutralizing halitosis, also vitamin A and C, calcium, zinc, iron, chlorophyll and many other phytonutrients contained in ocimum sanctum are scavenging antioxidants. (5,12,13) As here is paucity of literature on combined used of ocimum sanctum with Scaling and root planing in the treatment of stage II periodontitis, the present clinical trial aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy of locally delivered ocimum sanctum gel and 8-OHdG level in GCF in smokers and nonsmokers with stage II periodontitis. ...
Background: Various locally delivered agent are used as an adjunct to scaling and root planning (SRP). 8- Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is best documented biomarker of oxidative stress in periodontitis. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of locally delivered Ocimum sanctum gel by assessing the levels of 8-OHdG in Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of smokers and nonsmokers with periodontitis. Material and Methods: The study included 50 patients divided into 3 groups, group I - periodontally healthy, group II- smokers with stage II periodontitis and group III- non-smokers with stage II periodontitis. Smokers and non-smokers with stage II periodontitis received the locally delivered 10% OS gel as an adjunct to SRP at the test site at baseline and after 1 week recall, while SRP alone at control site. Result: 8-OHdG GCF levels were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at baseline, and 6-months follow up. Probing pocket depth (PPD) in test site significantly reduced to 2.75 ±0.64, 2.50 ±0.68 at 6 month after periodontal therapy in group 2 and 3 respectively. Similarly, clinical attachment level (CAL) in test site significantly reduced to 3.15 ±0.81, 2.85 ±0.93 at 6 month after periodontal therapy in group 2 and 3 respectively. Conclusion: The application of 10% Ocimum sanctum L. gel showed significant improvement in PPD, CAL and PI and GI and reduction in GCF 8-OHdG levels.
... In the current era, focus of research is to exploit and avail the full potential of various ayurvedic medicinal herbs because of their lesser side effects, costeffectiveness, natural origin [9]. Shade is an effective cultivation technique, widely used in agricultural ecosystem management [10]. ...
The present investigation was carried out in the year 2020 with an objective to unravel the effect of different shade intensities of green shade nets on leaf photosynthetic traits and secondary metabolites of four different Ocimum spp. Ocimum spp. namely O. tenuiflorum, O. sanctum, O. basilicum and O. gratissimum were kept under green shade net with variable shade intensities 35, 50, 75, 90% and open condition for 90 days. Data on various biochemical components viz., photosynthetic pigments, carotenoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenols and flavonoids were estimated from fully expanded leaves of all species at 30, 60 and 90 days intervals. Variable responses of different traits of photosynthetic pigments and secondary metabolites were observed in all Ocimum spp. under study. The trend was similar for all spp. and all the parameters under study. Total phenol and flavonoids increased with decreasing shade intensity i.e. maximum in control but higher intensity of light marks a decrease in chlorophyll pigments. Variation in shade intensity also affected the alkaloid and ter-penoid content, maximum being at 35% shade intensity which was better than control. The present study reveals that Ocimum spp. possesses the ability to accurately adjust and alter their physiology and biochemical aspects under various shade conditions. This research also provides valuable information about optimum shade levels required during protected cultivation of Ocimum.
Cough has been the most prevalent ailment that people have faced for millennia. Coughing is the body’s defense mechanism. Coughs are further divided into different categories based on many characteristics, including signs & symptoms, length, type, and character. The most widely used, produced, and well-liked dose form for treating colds and coughs is syrup. Due to its advantages over synthetic syrups, herbal syrup is the most popular dose form for treating cough. Mostly in Asian nations, medicinal plants are utilized as the main source of healthcare. Antitussive expectorant-active ingredients are employed. Here, a brief study is conducted on cough and its natural remedies. The herbal cough saccharinity under study is a liquid lozenge form that’s easier to administer than a solid lozenge form and has a briskly and more effective cough treatment. The process of making cough bathos was covered. There was a list of the accoutrements and quantities employed for medication. Then, three batches grounded on honey were made with attention of 35, 40, and 45 w/ v. The performing saccharinity’s quality was assessed for post-formulation exploration
The medicinal plant, generally referred to as "tulsi," belongs to the genus "Ocimum sanctum," It has been employed inAyurveda and other traditional indigenous medical systems for ages. It has wide applications, not just restricted to medicine butalso dental applications. The use of such plants has seen a boom in recent years, especially in India, although it has been overlookedfor a long time. Its application is primarily in the field of oral medicine and is used to treat disorders like potentially malignantdisorders. Many studies have shown that the qualities of tulsi, such as expectorant, analgesic, anticancer, antiasthmatic, antiemetic,diaphoretic, antidiabetic, antifertility, hepatoprotective, hypotensive, hypolipidemic, and antistress agent, can be used to treat awide range of medical diseases. Tulsi and other such plants have fewer side effects and are a potent alternative to moderntherapeutic modalities for treating such disorders. Although its potential has yet to be fully realized as more research is needed,there is no question about its effects as a therapeutic agent. This paper reviews the therapeutic potential of tulsi to treat oraldiseases. According to the current research, Tulsi has various therapeutic uses that several studies have validated. However, itsuse in allopathic medicine is still constrained because there must be human clinical trials.
Introduction: Dental and oral health has an effect on general health. Orodental disease can be considered asIntroduction: Dental and oral health has an effect on general health. Orodental disease can be considered as a major public health problem. Tulasi (Ocimum sanctum L.) has been acknowledged for their beter remedial value and minimal side effects. Therefore, the purpose of writing this article is to review articles with the theme of uses nutraceutical Tulasi leaf extract for orodental health. Review: Tulasi contains good nutraceuticals, has great potential as an orodental health, such as antimicrobial, antiviral, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, immuno-modulatory activity, because of its role as superior with potential eugenol, linalool, ursolic acid, carracroland, terpenes, rosmarnic acid, and good nutrients such as stearic acid, palmiticacid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, beta carotene, vitamin C, calcium, potassium, zinc, manganese, and sodium. Conclusion: Nutraceuticals Tulasi leaf extract very well used for orodental health, as immunomodulatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, mouthwash, dentifrice, and gel.
Aqueous extracts and oils of five Indian medicinal plants, traditionally used for their antimicrobial activities, were evaluated against two of the most prevalent Candida species causing candidiasis, C. albicans and C. tropicalis. Of these plant materials, three showed varying degrees of antifungal activity against both species. Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) essential oil (TEO) was found to be the most effective, followed by Peppermint essential oil, and Aloe vera aqueous leaf extract. The product with the lowest MIC was further studied along with its lead molecules to explore the possible mechanism of action of the most active constituents. Eugenol, methyl eugenol, linalool, and 1, 8-cineole, along with TEO were then evaluated at the same. The pattern and extent of inhibition was studied using growth and WST1 cytotoxicity assays. Proton pumps are important for growth and metabolism of Candida species and so H+ extrusion studies were performed to explore the possible mechanism of the test compounds. Linalool was the most active constituent of TEO, whereas inhibition of H+ extrusion appeared to be a synergistic function of the lead molecules.
To determine if Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) extract has an antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and to determine which concentration of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) extract among the 15 concentrations investigated has the maximum antimicrobial activity.
Experimental design, in vitro study, Lab setting.
Ethanolic extract of Tulsi was prepared by the cold extraction method. The extract was then diluted with an inert solvent, dimethyl formamide, to obtain 15 different concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 6%, 7% 8%, 9%, 10%) of the extract. 0.2% chlorhexidine was used as a positive control and dimethyl formamide was used as a negative control. The extract, along with the controls, was then subjected to microbiological investigation to determine which concentration among the 15 different concentrations of the extract gave a wider inhibition zone against Streptococcus mutans. The zones of inhibition were measured in millimeters using a vernier caliper. Results: At the 4% concentration of Tulsi extract, a zone of inhibition of 22 mm was obtained. This was the widest zone of inhibition observed among all the 15 different concentrations of Tulsi that were investigated.
Tulsi extract demonstrated an antimicrobial property against Streptococcus mutans.
Administration of fresh leaves of Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) mixed as 1 g and 2 g in 100 gms of diet given for four weeks, brought about significant changes in the lipid profile of normal albino rabbits. This resulted in significant lowering in serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid and LDL-cholesterol levels and significant increase in the HDL-cholesterol and total faecal sterol contents.
The antiulcerogenic property of Ocimum sanctum Linn (Tulsi) was studied in pyloric ligated and pyloric ligated & aspirin treated rats. The extract of OSL reduced the ulcer index, free & total acidity on acute and chronic administration. Seven days pretreatment with the drug increased the mucous secretion also. It may be concluded that OSL extract has antiulcerogenic property against experimental ulcers, and it is due to its ability to reduce acid secretion and increase mucous secretion.