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In The Age of the Smart Machine: The Future of Work and Power.

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... As highlighted in Kayas' (2023) systematic review, workplace surveillance encompasses a vast array of techniques, tools, strategies, and purposes, which complicates the task of defining their outcomes and critical issues. While the study of workplace monitoring dates back to the 1960s (Kayas, 2023), and the debate on electronic performance monitoring (EPM) began in the late 1980s (Ball, 2010;Lund, 1992;Zuboff, 1988), recent technological innovations and labour market transformations have significantly accelerated its implementation (Ajunwa et al., 2017;Ravid et al., 2020;Sánchez-Monedero & Dencik, 2019). This surge is primarily driven by the increasing number of technologies used for worker surveillance, with broader implications for both the object and method of monitoring, as well as by the explosion of remote work (Aloisi & De Stefano, 2022) and platform work (Ball, 2021). ...
... In this final section, the theoretical framework established thus far is integrated with some concepts from surveillance studies, suggesting that a deeper connection between LPT and surveillance studies can provide valuable insights into both the dynamics of workplace monitoring and the broader functioning of employee-employer relations. Namely, the integration of machines and managerial function can be better understood through notions such as transparency (Zuboff, 1988), continuous track-ing (Casilli, 2020;Delfanti, 2019;Mateescu & Nguyen, 2019;Moore & Robinson, 2016), and the reduced visibility of the surveillant (i.e., the manager) (Casilli, 2020;Lyon, 2018;Marx & Sanford, 1986), as well as the Panopticon metaphor and the concept of "soft surveillance" (Marx, 2002). ...
... Transparency and continuous tracking are closely intertwined. This does not necessarily imply that workers are constantly under direct observation, but rather that they are aware of the possibility of being constantly monitored (Zuboff, 1988). Since they are usually integrated in the essence of the production process, monitoring tools -software and hardware -are consistently operational (Ball, 2010;Ravid et al., 2020;Sánchez-Monedero & Dencik, 2019), even in the absence of human managers physically monitoring the data. ...
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This paper provides a review on workplace monitoring, focusing on its relationship with the ongoing process of datafication. By examining various techniques and technologies, the contribution specifically highlights the coexistence of coercion and consent as a characteristic feature of digital Taylorism. To inform the analysis, it suggests a cross-reading of two theoretical frameworks, namely Labour Process Theory (LPT) and surveillance studies. Thus, it argues that more consensual practices are now used to hide the coercive dimension of management by transferring it from human bosses to automated ones, rather than truly replacing it. Furthermore, the paper highlights how this shift is closely linked to the increased use of gamification, rankings, self-tracking attitudes and real-time monitoring, as well as to the growing precariousness that permeates both productive and reproductive spheres. FULL TEXT > https://rdcu.be/d1b4G
... More importantly, discourse is a site of struggle where relations of power are negotiated and exercised through social relations (Fairclough, 2013;Foucault, 1981). In Foucauldian thought, discourse forms and operationalizes the social networks that allow power to circulate and automate behavior (Hope, 2013;Khaghani, 2019;Zuboff, 1984). As such, power distributes through an array of discursive modes and structures with different dimensions and levels of actualization. ...
... In his writings, Foucault (1977Foucault ( , 2010 imagined architectonics as a notable dimension of social discourse, thus anticipating the term's relevance for enriching surveillance and discourse theory in the digital age (Dennis, 2024;Zuboff, 1984). For scholars such as Boje (2008), Foucault also valued the concept as a specific kind of historical and literary analysis that examines the function of authors and how their texts are linked, arranged, and delimited to form schools or groupings based on an inclusion/exclusion binary and other differentiating criteria. ...
... To illustrate what this feature of Foucauldian architectonics looks like as an emergent practice and the asymmetrical relations of texts and power that it creates for anyone who uses a computer or smart device for teaching or learning, I turn to Zuboff's (2019) study of the significant role that shadow texts play in the world of surveillance capitalism. While Foucault's (1995) and Zuboff's (1984) appreciations of surveillance, texts, and power are not necessarily synonymous, one finds that they do overlap in ways that illustrate how our contemporary surveillance and discursive practices condition teaching and learning, especially through the use of digital platforms. ...
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While Michel Foucault's appreciation of panopticism has been a dominant paradigm for theorizing surveillance in surveillance studies and beyond, our preoccupation with its character and limitations often prevents us from considering accordant concepts such as discourse. For Foucault, discourse can construct a prison in the mind that is as formidable as one designed for the body. However, scholars tend to forget that surveillance is embedded in architecture and design as well as authorship and discursive formations or texts. As such, we often undervalue the ways in which texts express panoptic imperatives and architectonic principles. This theoretical survey introduces architectonics as an alternative consideration for theorizing surveillance in education, thus revealing what Foucault's appreciation of the concept can teach us about surveillance practices and their text-making and pedagogical properties. To illustrate what Foucauldian architectonics looks like as an emergent practice, the author describes how shadow texts and inequality manifest as byproducts of digitalization and surveillance capitalism. The findings from this review suggest that discourse and texts are inseparable from our understanding of digital surveillance, pedagogy, and inequality. In fact, it appears that the digitalization and commodification of texts, information, and learning are increasingly commanded by surveillance capitalists and their extraction architecture and pedagogical platforms. As a result, their digital practices compete with those of professional educators and increasingly outpace them.
... It involves gathering and organizing information, problem-solving, improvising, innovating, and connecting different organizational and market actors (Alvesson 2001;Reinhardt et al. 2011). It is essential to organizations where knowledge is both the means of production and output (Zuboff 1988), such as financial services, architecture, advertising, and research. As such, knowledge and its production are embedded in professional practices and cultures in knowledge-intensive firms (Alvesson 2001;Blackler 1995. ...
... The second type of evaluative knowledge work is automation work, which refers to outsourcing valuation and compensation to algorithms and other proprietary technology. Automating has been integral in a global market transformation trend toward substituting human labor with machines (Zuboff 1988). Automating services connect different actors and provide easy-to-understand overviews of value metrics that appeal to brands or creators. ...
... Getting content produced by a creator and re-crafting and inserting it into the brands' accounts is an increasingly growing practice that commodifies and depersonalizes influencer work. This deskilling (Zuboff 1988) of creator work also adds to the precarization of their profession. The overt control and commodification of creators' images also reinforce surveillance mechanisms that are already intrinsic to social media platforms (Zuboff 2019). ...
Article
Sponsored content allows brands to partner with creators to reach creators’ audiences on digital platforms. However, both creators’ and brands’ incomplete understanding of this object generates two critical ambiguities: how to determine the value of sponsored content and how to effectively co-produce it. To better understand these ambiguities, we theorize sponsored content as an epistemic market object: an object that facilitates marketing functions but is only partially understood by the actors who use it . We analyze a data set of interviews, podcasts, media articles, and third-party platform reviews about—and by—content creators, brands, and intermediaries. Our findings show that brands, creators, and intermediaries create and apply knowledge to address valuation and co-production ambiguities. However, this knowledge work is incomplete, creating asymmetries in value outcomes and power relationships in a brand-creator partnership. Our paper contributes to marketing literature and practice by highlighting the role of epistemic market objects in transformative market disruptions that alter the roles of, and the relationships between, market actors. Our findings are transferable to other substantive areas such as Generative AI, Metaverse, NFTs, online news, and the sharing economy.
... Transformational outcomes of e-HRM translate into improved HR strategic orientation through the transformation of HR functions (Bissola & Imperatori, 2014). 2.4 Theories underpinning the study 2.4.1 Remenyi's and Zuboff's Information Technology frameworks Three phases of usage are included in one of the most well-known models for IT impact in the research: "automation, information, and transformation" (Remenyi, Money & Twite, 1991;Zuboff, 1988). Information technology automation frequently minimizes the volume of repetitive tasks that are required and potentially allows people the chance to dedicate more time to thinking and utilizing their full intellectual capabilities. ...
... The concept of "Informating IT" involves enhancing the visibility into activities, events, and objects to a more advanced level by generating information about the underlying administration and production processes utilized by organizations to accomplish their tasks (Zuboff, 1988, p. 9). As Zuboff (1988) highlights, IT possesses distinctive capabilities to automate and inform, thereby holding the potential to bring about transformative effects. Additionally, IT has the potential to bring about a transformational impact, reshaping organizations through the implementation of new business operations and practices. ...
... Based on the framework proposed by Remenyi et al. (1993) and Zuboff (1988) for the impact of IT, there are three levels of IT usage: "automation, information, and transformation". e-HRM practices provide organizations with a way to reduce the time and effort required for administrative tasks by automating processes. ...
Article
The aim of this quantitative study is to analyze the impact of e-HRM practices on operational, relational, and transformational e-HRM outcomes. It also aims to explore if the adoption of e-HRM practices influences transformational e-HRM outcomes through the mediation of operational and relational e-HRM outcomes. Remenyi's and Zuboff's IT frameworks and the RBV paradigm serve as the foundation for the research framework. The study found evidence supporting these theories, showing that e-HRM practices have a significant impact on operational, relational, and transformational e-HRM outcomes. It also provided empirical evidence that operational and relational e-HRM outcomes positively mediate the relationship between e-HRM practices and transformational e-HRM outcomes. The study's generalizability is limited due to its small sample size and participants being Pakistani HR managers and executives only. Future research should include all stakeholders, consider long-term outcomes, and explore contingency factors like innovative climate, supportive work environment, and sustainable leadership style. Longitudinal data is recommended in future studies for causal relationships. It is recommended that organizations should align their e-HRM practices to achieve strategic excellence and utilize their capabilities for operational, relational, and transformational e-HRM outcomes. Embracing technology can enhance performance and competitive advantage. HR functions should act as change strategists to meet business demands and optimize outcomes. The study offers valuable insights for selecting and tuning their practices to achieve optimal proximal and distal outcomes. The main novelty of this study is the findings that operational and relational e-HRM outcomes partially mediate the influence of e-HRM practices on transformational e-HRM outcomes.
... Fourth, e-HRM outcomes are dependent on how e-HRM is used, and yet, e-HRM use was mainly studied at an individual level in the e-HRM literature. Zuboff's (1988) renowned model of information technology (IT) use which conceptualises IT use in the three stages of automation, informating and transformation provides a foundational categorisation of IT use. Moreover, the three stages of e-HRM use capture universal IT characteristics and overall e-HRM value potential which organisations expect to achieve from e-HRM adoption (Strohmeier & Kabst, 2009). ...
... However, as this assumption has received little attention in the literature previously, the link between each stage of e-HRM use and specific adoption factors has not been established. In this study we combine Zuboff's three-stage model of IT use (Zuboff, 1988;Burton-Jones, 2014) with Bondarouk et al.'s (2017) TOP (Technology, Organisation, People) framework of e-HRM adoption factors as a theoretical framework. This provides a specific conceptualisation of e-HRM use which, together with e-HRM adoption factors, captures specific organisational contexts and explains differences in e-HRM outcomes and helps identify the HRM adoption factors that enable and that constrain each stage of e-HRM use. ...
... The paper is organised as follows. The theoretical framework used in this study is presented in the next section and it integrates Zuboff's (1988) three-stage model of IT use and Bondarouk et al.'s (2017) TOP framework. This study employed a qualitative research method to enable an in-depth understanding of why and how e-HRM was progressing in the organisations studied (Myers, 2019). ...
Article
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Use of electronic human resource management (e-HRM) offers the prospect of enabling the human resource management (HRM) function to take on a strategic partner’s role in organisations. Despite the pervasive expansion of e-HRM use, there is no clear understanding of why organisations are not achieving e-HRM potential. We address this issue by investigating e-HRM adoption factors and their influence on information technology (IT) use potential to automate, informate and transform the HRM function in a sequential manner. In particular, we examine HRM professionals’ experiences with e-HRM use, including challenges, successes, and outcomes. We identified e-HRM adoption factors that enable and that constrain each stage of e-HRM use. With a focus on the inhibiting factors, our findings suggest that e-HRM potential hindered already in the automation stage diminishes e-HRM potential to subsequently informate and to transform the e-HRM function.
... Deskilling Our findings point to patterns of what other scholars have observed regarding deskilling-or engaging experts in ways that ignore or devalue their breadth and depth of knowledge (Sambasivan and Veeraraghavan 2022;Zuboff 1988). In ML development, deskilling has affected a variety of experts, ranging from farmers (Sambasivan et al. 2021) to medical doctors (Duran 2021). ...
... In ML development, deskilling has affected a variety of experts, ranging from farmers (Sambasivan et al. 2021) to medical doctors (Duran 2021). Critiques of automa-tion more broadly point to ways in which it refocuses workers on menial tasks (Zuboff 1988), rendering traditionally valued aspects of expertise, such as tacit knowledge, unused. We see this reflected in how often experts were engaged in activities outside of design or problem formulation. ...
Article
Human experts are often engaged in the development of machine learning systems to collect and validate data, consult on algorithm development, and evaluate system performance. At the same time, who counts as an ‘expert’ and what constitutes ‘expertise’ is not always explicitly defined. In this work, we review 112 academic publications that explicitly reference ‘expert’ and ‘expertise’ and that describe the development of machine learning (ML) systems to survey how expertise is characterized and the role experts play. We find that expertise is often undefined and forms of knowledge outside of formal education and professional certification are rarely sought, which has implications for the kinds of knowledge that are recognized and legitimized in ML development. Moreover, we find that expert knowledge tends to be utilized in ways focused on mining textbook knowledge, such as through data annotation. We discuss the ways experts are engaged in ML development in relation to deskilling, the social construction of expertise, and implications for responsible AI development. We point to a need for reflection and specificity in justifications of domain expert engagement, both as a matter of documentation and reproducibility, as well as a matter of broadening the range of recognized expertise.
... Deskilling Our findings point to patterns of what other scholars have observed regarding deskilling-or engaging experts in ways that ignore or devalue their breadth and depth of knowledge (Sambasivan and Veeraraghavan 2022;Zuboff 1988). In ML development, deskilling has affected a variety of experts, ranging from farmers (Sambasivan et al. 2021) to medical doctors (Duran 2021). ...
... In ML development, deskilling has affected a variety of experts, ranging from farmers (Sambasivan et al. 2021) to medical doctors (Duran 2021). Critiques of automa-tion more broadly point to ways in which it refocuses workers on menial tasks (Zuboff 1988), rendering traditionally valued aspects of expertise, such as tacit knowledge, unused. We see this reflected in how often experts were engaged in activities outside of design or problem formulation. ...
Preprint
Full-text available
Human experts are often engaged in the development of machine learning systems to collect and validate data, consult on algorithm development, and evaluate system performance. At the same time, who counts as an 'expert' and what constitutes 'expertise' is not always explicitly defined. In this work, we review 112 academic publications that explicitly reference 'expert' and 'expertise' and that describe the development of machine learning (ML) systems to survey how expertise is characterized and the role experts play. We find that expertise is often undefined and forms of knowledge outside of formal education and professional certification are rarely sought, which has implications for the kinds of knowledge that are recognized and legitimized in ML development. Moreover, we find that expert knowledge tends to be utilized in ways focused on mining textbook knowledge, such as through data annotation. We discuss the ways experts are engaged in ML development in relation to deskilling, the social construction of expertise, and implications for responsible AI development. We point to a need for reflection and specificity in justifications of domain expert engagement, both as a matter of documentation and reproducibility, as well as a matter of broadening the range of recognized expertise.
... Daha önce de belirtildiği gibi algoritmik yönetim, ekonomik faaliyetlerin dönüşümü ve (yeniden) organizasyonuna ilişkin uzun ve geniş eğilimler çerçevesinde ortaya çıkmıştır ve veriye dayalı yönetim kararlarının bazı biçimleri geleneksel işyerlerinde halihazırda uygulanmaktadır. 1980'lerden bu yana kullanılan çok çeşitli dijital teknolojiler, iş süreci hakkında veri toplanmasına olanak tanımış ve bu veriler daha sonra yönetim tarafından iş kararlarının alınması için raporlanmış ve analiz edilmiştir (Zuboff, 1988). Örneğin, müşteri memnuniyetini ölçen derecelendirmeler, dijital işgücü platformlarının ötesinde standart hizmet sektörlerinde de önemli bir yönetim aracı haline gelmektedir (Wu vd., 2019). ...
Chapter
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Algorithmic Management
... However, at the moment, AI informational outputs may not be well understood [1] and, therefore, can change the nature of human decision making. Informational outputs from AI are also different from traditional sources of information due to the opaque underpinnings of these technologies [2][3][4]. Additionally, humans anthropomorphizing AI system capabilities, such as adhering to social norms when interacting with these technologies [5], can produce unwarranted interactions with machines. For these reasons, researchers must understand how AI technologies can potentially and inadvertently affect decision-making processes. ...
Article
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Artificial intelligence is set to incorporate additional decision space that has traditionally been the purview of humans. However, AI systems that support decision making also entail the rationalization of AI outputs by humans. Yet, incongruencies between AI and human rationalization processes may introduce uncertainties in human decision making, which require new conceptualizations to improve the predictability of these interactions. The application of quantum probability theory (QPT) to human cognition is on the ascent and warrants potential consideration to human-AI decision making to improve these outcomes. This perspective paper explores how QPT may be applied to human-AI interactions and contributes by integrating these concepts into human-in-the-loop decision making. To capture this and offer a more comprehensive conceptualization, we use human-in-the-loop constructs to explicate how recent applications of QPT can ameliorate the models of interaction by providing a novel way to capture these behaviors. Followed by a summary of the challenges posed by human-in-the-loop systems, we discuss newer theories that advance models of the cognitive system by using quantum probability formalisms. We conclude by outlining areas of promising future research in human-AI decision making in which the proposed methods may apply.
... A consequence of this is that process work lacks the materiality associated with many other forms of worki.e., it is harder to see. Decades ago, Zuboff (1988) noted that a distinguishing aspect of information technology (IT) use, relative to physical machines, was that as IT seeks to automate or replicate human action it produced new forms of information for analysisthat is, IT informates. In turn, organizations have responded by developing new organizational and occupational roles such as data scientists (Zhang, Muller, & Wang, 2020), data curators (Thomer et al., 2022), and simulation modelers (Leonardi, Woo, & Barley, 2021) that are centered around the management of available information. ...
Article
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Multiple facets of the current social and technical environment challenge traditional orientations toward understanding both expertise and experts. Digital and informated workplaces produce contexts that necessitate workers enact process expertise, expertise that is applicable to managing information and communication both within and across domains but does not, in itself, represent those domains' practices. This essay describes the double-edged consequences of this context for would-be process experts through two objectives. First, we explicate why process expertise has become an increasingly essential source of value for contemporary organizations. Second, we describe how process expertise's dynamic and relational qualities produce challenges for legitimating individuals who enact process expertise as experts within organizational contexts. We use empirical examples to describe three dynamics by which process experts may position themselves alongside domain experts: assimilation, brokerage, and commodification. We show how each of these mechanisms produces distinct tensions associated with the identity, visibility, and accessibility of work, which delegitimize this important form of knowing. Our essay motivates a call for further research and policy development aimed toward understanding ways in which process experts come to be more valued by organizations.
... Information systems were created to increase organizational efficiency and effectiveness by augmenting productivity and automating processes across various organizational functions (Zuboff, 1988). Generative AI will undoubtedly accelerate this trend. ...
Article
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The continuing, explosive developments in generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), built on large language models and related algorithms, has led to much excitement and speculation about the potential impact of this new technology. Claims include AI being poised to revolutionize business and society and dramatically change personal life. However, it remains unclear exactly how this technology, with its significantly distinct features from past AI technologies, has transformative potential. Nor is it clear how researchers in information systems (IS) should respond. In this paper, we consider the evolving and emerging trends of AI in order to examine its present and predict its future impacts. Many existing papers on GenAI are either too technical for most IS researchers or lack the depth needed to appreciate the potential impacts of GenAI. We, therefore, attempt to bridge the technical and organizational communities of GenAI from a system-oriented sociotechnical perspective. Specifically, we explore the unique features of GenAI, which are rooted in the continued change from symbolism to connectionism, and the deep systemic and inherent properties of human-AI ecosystems. We retrace the evolution of AI that proceeded the level of adoption, adaption, and use found today, in order to propose future research on various impacts of GenAI in both business and society within the context of information systems research. Our efforts are intended to contribute to the creation of a well-structured research agenda in the IS community to support innovative strategies and operations enabled by this new wave of AI.
... The idea that digital technologies carry transformative potential is not new but has long been recognised in the literature (see e.g. Evans et al., 2006;Zuboff, 1988). Digitalisation is not about the use of one but rather multiple interdependent technologies (Bodrožić and Adler, 2022;Nambisan et al., 2019;Vial, 2019). ...
Thesis
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Digitalisation is frequently described as one of the most significant technology trends of our time, with grand narratives depicting an increasingly digital future. We are said to have entered a new technological era where digital technologies drive disruptive change across society. Given the nature of these technologies, digitalisation is expected to be present in virtually every industry and sector in society. In industries such as music, media, and retail, digitalisation has already had a profound impact. While these industries were among the first to digitalise, others are now following. ‘Digital’ has become synonymous with innovation and modernity, establishing a digital imperative across various settings. In some contexts, however, the transformative potential remains less evident. Consequently, we need to pay closer attention to the conditions under which different entities, whether organisations, systems, or industries, become more or less adaptive to digitalisation. The point of departure for this thesis is the water sector. Similar to other industries, digitalisation has gained general attention in the water sector under labels such as ‘digital water’, ‘Water 4.0’, and ‘the fourth water revolution’. Digital technologies are expected to leapfrog traditional infrastructure development and drive an anticipated transformation. However, the water sector is generally known for being conservative and resistant to change. This inertia is primarily attributed to the infrastructure systems and their focal actors, where sunk investments, long-term technical durability, and vested interests create significant barriers towards change. Empirically, this thesis is based on qualitative studies from the Swedish water sector. It primarily draws upon semi-structured interviews with representatives from the sector and inquires into the respondents’ perceptions of the implementation, use, and implications of digital technologies in urban water management. Theoretically, this thesis draws upon large technical systems and sustainability transitions studies. These literature streams have well-established traditions of studying the interplay between stability and change in infrastructure sectors such as water, energy, and transportation. By depicting the infrastructure systems of the water sector as sociotechnical systems, which constitute technologies and material artefacts, actors and their networks, and institutions and rules, this thesis sets out to explore what digitalisation means in mature and stable infrastructure sectors such as the water sector. This thesis contributes to the broader discourse on digitalisation present in both academia and practice. First, it draws attention to the dominant narrative regarding the disruptive forces of digitalisation. While this narrative applies to some settings, it is not necessarily true for all contexts. Second, it highlights the importance of contextual anchoring. Digitalisation in the water sector will naturally differ from the development we have witnessed in the music and media industries because we cannot replace either core technologies or core actors in the water sector. Rather than replacing pipes, pumps, and treatment plants with digital replicas, digital technologies are add-ons that alter the properties and functionalities of the existing technologies. Similarly, the core actors cannot be replaced by digital entrants due to the institutional environment and its established laws, regulations, and expectations. Instead, digitalisation depends on incentives and the ability of established actors to digitalise, wherein digital entrants can form new alliances and rearrange power structures. Consequently, the contextual situation shapes the very nature and scope of digitalisation and, ultimately, the possible digital transformation. Finally, this thesis emphasises adaptability over disruption. Digital technologies, with their flexible and incomplete-by-design nature, can be integrated successively into existing systems without requiring major investments or changes. Their transformative potential arises from the combination of various technologies implemented in various parts of the system. As a result, this offers an alternative narrative to the prevalent focus on disruption, suggesting that it is digital technologies’ ability to fit and conform rather than disrupt that drives widespread digitalisation in society.
... Consequently, there is a social relation that distinguishes who manages from who executes (Zuboff, 1988). Indeed, managers' and owners' attachment does not mean they do not create their own cultural identity. ...
... Since production costs are high, craft products are not affordable to all. Professional and craft production workers are considered as perceiving their work as meaningful and fulfilling (Hodson, 2001;Zuboff, 1988). If technology reflects ...
... Finally, technology selection gives administrators control over the appropriate state and use of technology in the production process, as well as the ability to determine the necessary organizational structure and related decision-making processes. Thomas (1994) and Zuboff (1988) support principles such as flexibility, horizontality, and worker autonomy, which characterize organizational structures based on the interests of workers and managers in innovation and continuous improvement. The industrial revolution led to a strict division of mechanical work based on functional specialization, allowing for the emergence of economies of scale. ...
... Informating, a word coined by Zuboff, is the process that translates descriptions and measurements of activities, events and objects into information. [2] Drawing its name from this definition, the INFORMATE Project has combined three data sources to focus on understanding how the global research infrastructure might help the US National Science Foundation (NSF) and other federal agencies identify and characterize the impact of their support. [3] The questions we have focused on include: ...
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The Global Research infrastructure (GRI) is made up of the repositories and organizations that provide persistent identifiers (PIDs) and metadata for many kinds of research objects and connect these objects to funders, research institutions, researchers, and one another using PIDs. The INFORMATE Project has combined three data sources to focus on understanding how the global research infrastructure might help the US National Science Foundation (NSF) and other federal agencies identify and characterize the impact of their support. In this paper we present INFORMATE observations of three data systems. The NSF Award database represents NSF funding while the NSF Public Access Repository (PAR) and CHORUS, as a proxy for the GRI, represent two different view of results of that funding. We compare the first at the level of awards and the second two at the level of published research articles. Our findings demonstrate that CHORUS datasets include significantly more NSF awards and more related papers than does PAR. Our findings also suggest that time plays a significant role in the inclusion of award metadata across the sources analyzed. Data in those sources travel very different journeys, each presenting different obstacles to metadata completeness and suggesting necessary actions on the parts of authors and publishers to ensure that publication and funding metadata are captured. We discuss these actions, as well as implications our findings have for emergent technologies such as artificial intelligence and natural language processing.
... However, in the moment AI informational outputs may not be well understood [1] and therefore can change the nature of human decision-making. Informational outputs from AI are also different than traditional sources of information due to the opaque underpinnings of these technologies [2][3][4]. Additionally, humans anthropomorphizing AI system capabilities such as adhering to social norms when interacting with these technologies [5] can produce unwarranted interactions with machines. For these reasons, researchers must understand how AI technologies can potentially and inadvertently affect decision-making processes. ...
Preprint
Full-text available
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is set to incorporate expanded decision space that has traditionally been the purview of humans. However, AI systems that support decision-making also entail human rationalization of AI outputs. Yet, incongruencies between AI and human rationalization processes may introduce uncertainties into human decision-making, necessitating new conceptualizations to improve the predictability of these interactions. The application of quantum probability theory (QPT) to human cognition is on the ascent and warrants potential consideration in human-AI decision-making to improve outcomes.
... As a result of this configuration process, the social is monetized and this is exemplified by creating a data asset. This textual component framework of Ricoeur now allows us to understand that 'data' is created out of 'data' (see also Zuboff 1988). However, this process is continually perpetuated. ...
... For instance, the automation potential of performance management technology (as one manifestation of organizational control) promises to free up time for both leaders and employees and, hence, to shift attention and effort to more complex and creative work (Buck & Morrow, 2018). With augmentation, we mean that intelligent technology amplifies humans in performing tasks, such as enabling them to identify new ways of how work outcomes can be achieved that would not have been possible by simply relying on the "humanly possible", or at least not that "quality level" (Zuboff, 1988). ...
... Manovich diserta ampliamente sobre esta cuestión en Cultural analytics, texto en el que aboga por "experimentar, descubrir y comunicar el resultado de la comparación de los artefactos culturales, periodos, autores, géneros, movimientos, temas, técnicas y tópicos" (Manovich 2020a, p. 254). Este sistema, tan ceñido a ciertos formalismos, se enfrenta a las premisas y necesidades de un contexto tan específico como es el digital, en el que el control se ha impuesto tras una capa de supuesta transparencia (Andújar, 2014;Crawford, 2021;Peirano, 2020;Zuboff, 1988). Para luchar contra las reglas establecidas Lovink y Schneider apuestan por dos premisas básicas: la capacidad de innovación, y la necesidad de desarrollar una comunicación en "entornos virtuales cuyos parámetros están permanentemente "en construcción"" (Lovink & Schneider, 2004). ...
Article
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La imposición de paradigmas tecnológicos y empresariales por parte de los grandes actores del sector ha reconfigurado nuestra vida cotidiana y ha llevado a la unificación de metodologías y lenguajes en diversas esferas. El impacto de las corporaciones en la manera en que trabajamos, nos comunicamos y nos relacionamos, se ve reflejada en las prácticas artísticas, en especial las digitales. Este estudio, que forma parte del proyecto CUERPOS CONECTADOS II. Nuevos procesos de creación y difusión de las prácticas artísticas identitarias en la no presencialidad, se enfoca en las creaciones artísticas que abordan la identidad y que han sido moldeadas por estos cambios, así como por la era de la postprivacidad, donde la intimidad se ve comprometida. A pesar de esta realidad, algunos creadores han logrado trascender estas circunstancias y han concebido nuevas formas de expresión que reflejan las dinámicas innovadoras entre lo individual y lo colectivo en el entorno digital. Mediante el análisis de casos se ofrecen ejemplos concretos de transformación en las prácticas artísticas identitarias digitales e híbridas. Explorando cómo los artistas han respondido a los retos tecnológicos y metodológicos impuestos por las grandes corporaciones. Constituyendo un buen ejemplo de cómo la creatividad digital consigue, incluso en condiciones adversas, generar nuevos enfoques para la creación y la expresión artística en la era contemporánea.
... preserving the knowledge-sharing, creative and collaborative advantages of synchronized on-site office work (Gratton, 2021;Holdt Christensen, 2022). Similar concepts to HWA and WFH, such as telework, remote work, hybrid work (Bergum et al., 2023;Bloom et al., 2015;Halford, 2005;Holdt Christensen, 2022;Olson, 1983;Olson & Primps, 1984) have been studied at least since the upsurge of the personal computer in the 1980s (Zuboff, 1988). What is new, however, is the global scale of the collective change in the capacity and capabilities for digitally enabled collaborative work caused by COVID-19. ...
Article
This article explores how top and middle managers in geographically fragmented professional service organizations made decisions about hybrid work arrangements, following COVID-19 (and the end of mandatory working from home). The article reports a single case study of a regional banking corporation in a period when leaders across the organization had to choose between consolidating change or returning to pre-pandemic practices. By applying the concept of situated attention from attention-based view-theory, the article explores what managers in different contexts are attentive to through a potentially disruptive period. Managers’ attention capacity is limited and the issues and answers they allocate their attention to in the immediate chaotic period following a disruptive change in the organizational environment is important to our understanding of future solutions. Various management issues and answers are identified, and the analysis explores how these are formed by contingent considerations and pressures across the diverging micro-contexts of the single managers. The article provides a model of contextualized management types as they relate to different contexts in a regional/rural organizational environment.
... Analytically, this focus on codified knowledge demarcated the new research program from the older concept of a 'knowledge economy' with its focus on knowledge workers and hence embodied knowledge (Cooke, 2002;Machlup, 1962;Penrose, 1959). Embodied and tacit knowledge is embedded in contexts (Bowker, 2005;Collins, 1974;Polanyi, 1961;Zuboff, 1988), while codified knowledge can be decontextualized, and therefore, among other things, traded on a market (Dasgupta & David, 1984). The metaphor of a knowledge-based economy appreciates the increased importance of organized R&D in shaping systems of innovation. ...
Preprint
1. Introduction - the metaphor of a "knowledge-based economy"; 2. The Triple Helix as a model of the knowledge-based economy; 3. Knowledge as a social coordination mechanism; 4. Neo-evolutionary dynamics in a Triple Helix of coordination mechanism; 5. The operation of the knowledge base; 6. The restructuring of knowledge production in a KBE; 7. The KBE and the systems-of-innovation approach; 8. The KBE and neo-evolutionary theories of innovation; 8.1 The construction of the evolving unit; 8.2 User-producer relations in systems of innovation; 8.3 'Mode-2' and the production of scientific knowledge; 8.4 A Triple Helix model of innovations; 9. Empirical studies and simulations using the TH model; 10. The KBE and the measurement; 10.1 The communication of meaning and information; 10.2 The expectation of social structure; 10.3 Configurations in a knowledge-based economy
... This democratization redefines how knowledge work is executed. Benanti's focus on ethical technology integration (Benanti, 2021), Mumford's insights on mechanization's societal impact (Mumford, 1934), and Zuboff's analysis of workplace digital transformation (Zuboff, 1988) collectively frame knowledge robots as pivotal in the humanity-technology dialogue. Automated AI systems facilitate task automation while fundamentally altering the knowledge economy's landscape. ...
Conference Paper
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This paper explores how Generative AI could serve as a "killer app" to popularize knowledge robots, including both physical and conceptual robots, for mainstream users. By drawing parallels to historical precedents, it argues that the natural language capabilities of Generative AI models could remove barriers to widespread adoption. The paper defines the criteria for classifying a technology as a killer app and provides evidence suggesting that integrating generative models with robots and AI systems could transform functionality and usability. It concludes that Generative AI could prove transformative in democratizing access to advanced AI capabilities, establishing knowledge robots as a practical, mainstream technology, pending wider deployment.
... As this trend is similar to previous work transformations (e.g., [20]), we seek inspiration from other disciplines, such as sociology [6], which have long examined "invisible work" that goes "unpaid, unacknowledged, and thus, unregulated" [10] to explore how technology complicates the relationship between labor and visibility, transforming traditional work and creating new forms of work (Theme 1). These changing relationships have a wide range of impacts across domains and localities (Theme 2). ...
... The introduction of new technologies has a large impact on the work that people do and on organizations. Technology may displace, alter the nature of, or generate new jobs (Zuboff, 1988). Organizations may adopt new technologies and accordingly change their organizational structures and work processes. ...
Article
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This article is concentrated on the study of use of technology in HR management system in Nepalese organizations. At present most of the most of the corporate organizations of Nepal use different forms of related software for managing human resource in an effective way to bring effectiveness in performance outcomes. They use technology in various HR activities consisting of recruitment, selection, training, development, financial transactions, performance appraisal, job analysis, HR planning, learning, performance management, career management, compensation management, and maintaining good labour and industrial relation. The main focus of the use of modern technology along with relevant software for managing HR activities is to bring specific system in organizational activities for improving performance to use resources consisting of money, material, machine and information technology in an effective way which helps to maximize productivity, maintaining quality and minimizing cost of products and services which facilitates to improving competitive strengths of the organization in the market. In practice it is found that most of the Nepalese enterprises especially unorganized sectors are still using manual system for managing HR activities of the organization.
... Original automation could be defined as the mechanization of processes by applying steam and, later, electricity. Dawn of mechanization Fifty years of the Industrial Revolution saw repetitive work processes being handed over to machinery, which formed the framework for creating assembly line techniques (Zuboff, 1988). Mechanical automation also had limitations, especially because it could not process data of change in requirements and could not control the data process in real-time as the industries became elaborate. ...
Article
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Artificial intelligence and Robotic process automation, commonly known as Cognitive automation, are now revolutionizing business processes and delivering Intelligent automation solutions. The objective of this paper is to explain how AI is connected to RPA and how these two technologies improve proper business functioning. Since organizations are trying to make their processes more efficient, the demand for such automation tools that execute simple tasks and learn from data is greatest. To that end, the present study adopted a mixed-methods approach based on quantitative and qualitative research procedures. The primary data were obtained through the questionnaires of those organizations that have already implemented AI and RPA and the four interviews of the industry specialists. Furthermore, primary data supplemented by second data sourced from peer-reviewed journals and white papers where relevant were considered in substantiation of the research findings. The paper outlines the advantages of IA for organizations, including increased operation efficiency, better customer experience, and higher employee morale. Key insights include confirming that organizations with AI and RPA achieve much lower operating expenses and the duration required to accomplish repetitive activities. However, the study also reveals issues using these technologies, such as data security and retraining costs. In general, this study adds to the knowledge of effectively managing the strategic directions in BPO using AI and RPA integration while providing insights to companies on the approaches towards realizing this type of transformational change. In other words, there has been a gradual accumulation in the evolution of business automation that has characterized the industrial and economic revolution over the centuries.
... The use of digital technology to alter a company model and provide new prospects for revenue generation and value creation is known as Digitalization, according to Gartner (2020). The word "Digitalization" was first used by Zuboff (1988) to refer to the way that technological developments allow people to access modern worlds and open doors. According to Westerman et al. (2014), the Industrial Revolution saw the development of the first signs of Digitalization as new machinery altered the ways that business, trade, and actually human history were conducted. ...
Article
In today's dynamic business landscape, the audit profession encounters numerous obstacles, particularly in adapting to the necessity of computer-assisted audits due to the immense volume of data requiring scrutiny. Despite the emergence of different digital auditing tools, there is a gap in research regarding the level of adoption, and its effects on the quality of audit services especially in the context of developing countries. This study seeks to investigate the impact of digitalization of audit tasks on the quality of audit services of accounting firms in Nigeria. The study, which has its foundation on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) integrated with the Technology, Organization, and Environment (TOE) framework, adopted the survey research design. The population of study was made up practitioners of accounting firms in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria. A self-designed questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection for the study. Findings of the study indicate that automation of audit tasks enhances the quality of audit services suggesting that adopting IT infrastructures leads to more reliable audit procedures, improved efficiency and accuracy, as well as mitigating audit risks. Results also revealed that Big Four auditors are significantly ahead in the adoption of digital technologies compared to the non-Big Four auditors, confirming the dominance of larger accounting firms in application of emerging technologies in performing audit tasks.
... control from computing (Zuboff, 1988) and other concerns have followed nearly every major technological innovation. ...
Article
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Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are being rapidly introduced into the workflow of health service psychologists. This article critically examines the potential, limitations, and ethical and legal considerations of AI in psychological practice. By delving into the benefits of AI for reducing administrative burdens and enhancing service provision, alongside the risks of introducing bias, deskilling, and privacy concerns, we advocate for a balanced integration of AI in psychology. In this article, we underscore the need for ongoing evaluation, ethical oversight, and legal compliance to harness AI’s potential responsibly. The purpose of this article is to raise awareness of key concerns amid the potential benefits for psychologists and to discuss the need for updating our ethical and legal codes to reflect this rapid advancement in technology.
... Technology was thus seen as a vehicle for delivering social and organisational transformation. This conception became very influential in the 1980s 'technology debate', provoked by the widespread industrial uptake of microelectronics which labor process theory (Braverman, 1974) and concepts of informatisation of work (Zuboff, 1988), for example, saw as entailing technology-driven restructuring of work. ...
Article
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The term “infrastructure” has evolved to span a wide range of disciplines, reflecting its diverse applications and conceptualizations. This paper argues that information infrastructures (II) represent a distinct and increasingly significant socio-material form, crucial for understanding governance by infrastructure. We examine the origins and evoluIon of II, emphasizing the socio-material differences between II and other technological forms such as systems and online platforms. We highlight particularities of II innovation and implementation process and consider their implications for the politics of technology and governance by infrastructures. Our analysis is grounded on examination of several II in our increasingly digitised information societies, spanning the Internet, social security, platforms, financial infrastructures, energy systems and infrastructures, and health information systems.
... Yet, information systems literature shows that "any reliable technological system is expected to function in a largely recurrent fashion over time and across contexts" (Kallinikos, 2005, p. 189). Systems embody clear rules of representation and automated procedures (Zuboff, 1988) that ensure that systems can operate in a relatively stable manner over time. Thus, systems rely on functional simplification (demarcation of a domain within which the complexity of the world is reconstructed as simplified, Kallinikos, 2005; see also Luhmann, 1993) and functional closure (protection of the internal operation of the system from undesired interference, Kallinikos, 2005; see also Luhmann, 1993). ...
Conference Paper
Organizations and researchers alike increasingly acknowledge that organizational information systems may have negative effects on social justice and lead to social injustice. This led to scrutiny and attempts to modify existing or implement new information systems, yet many such attempts bring complex or disappointing outcomes. We analyze one organization's attempt to develop and implement a pronoun system to foster social justice through the idea of abnormal justice and show how functional simplification and closure inherent in information systems may be at odds with social justice. We show how the organization achieved a more just outcome by embracing abnormal justice and drawing on functional complexification and porous closure. Our findings offer a potential contribution to information systems design and social justice, as well as a pathway for how to design impactful and socially just systems in practice.
Book
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Die digitale Transformation kann als revolutionäre Umwälzung in allen Sektoren der Berufs- und Arbeitswelt und der Gesellschaft betrachtet werden. Solche Umwälzungen finden nicht nur technologisch statt. Vielmehr fordern sie unsere Alltagsvorstellungen und Begriffssysteme heraus. Im Lehrbuch wird die digitale Transformation der Berufs- und Arbeitswelt mit der Denkvorstellung der ‚Welt der Daten‘ adressiert. Zielgruppe sind Lehrkräfte in der beruflichen Bildung. Zielstellung des Lehrbuchs ist es, Ordnungskategorien für die Beschreibung der digitalen Transformation der Berufs- und Arbeitswelt zu schaffen. ‚Nachhaltige‘ Lehrkräftebildung wird im Buch verstanden im Sinne der Erschließung von Innovationspotenzialen der digitalen Vernetzung und Vorbeugung von möglichen, neuen Problemen des Innovationsschubs.
Book
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Inovai peningkatan kualitas produk, pelayanan dan kinerja sumberdaya manusia terus berubah seiring dengan perkembangan zaa, informasi dan teknologi komunikasi. Buku ini mencoba mengkaji manajemen sumberdaya manusia yang dihadapkan pada tantangan organisasi perusahaan yang semakin kompleks, perlu penanganan holistik, teritegrasi, intekonektivitas antar organ kelembangaan dalam perusahaan. pendekatan terbaru, teknologi cangih, data akurat, tujuan strategis, dan menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang positif dan produktif.
Chapter
The paper analyzes how subsymbolic Artificial Intelligence (AI) works in sociotechnical practices. In a sociological context, it is not yet clear how to understand and evaluate the consequences of technologies based on deep learning and artificial neural networks for social contexts. This paper proposes to understand the social effects of interactive AI as the generation of contingency in practice contexts. Three forms of contingencies are distinguished: agential contingency, epistemic contingency, and formative contingency. Against this background, new perspectives emerge on the embedding and reflection of AI in usage practice.
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Far-reaching transformations in the world of work are being discussed vividly under the term ‘artificial intelligence’. Questions are arising about the changing role of humans in work processes and their freedom to determine work content and conditions. This book explores these potential areas of conflict and examines how algorithmic decision-making systems influence the job autonomy of service workers. Using case studies from outpatient care and banking services, this book shows under which organisational conditions positive experiences of autonomy are enabled. Dr Gina Glock is a work sociologist, who researches the interplay of work and digitalisation.
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La transformation vers le numérique est à l’agenda de nombreuses organisations publiques qui visent à tirer profit du potentiel des technologies de l’information et de la communication récentes. Or, la signification et la portée sont sujettes à des interprétations et des perceptions différentes qui vont varier en fonction de multiples facteurs internes et externes à l’organisation. Ceci impacte la rationalité de cette transformation, le sens organisationnel qu’on lui attribue et surtout ce que sera la transformation pour l’organisation. Cet article part de cette ambiguïté pour montrer comment la transformation vers le numérique est impactée par des discours qui lui sont en bonne partie extérieurs. Il examine d’abord trois discours servant à légitimer la transformation vers le numérique : le discours de la performance, celui du changement et de l’innovation et celui de la réforme bureaucratique. Il dégage ensuite, à l’aide de quelques exemples, des pistes d’interprétation permettant de saisir de façon plus fondamentale la signification de la transformation vers le numérique pour les organisations publiques.
Article
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Human capital management (HCM) software applications are being widely used to assess the performance of knowledge workers in various sectors of the Indian economy. The use of data-driven performance management systems is claimed to make the performance appraisals fairer and more transparent to the worker, and their supposed objectivity is used to justify their deployment in the workplace as instruments of remote surveillance. This paper presents insights from the case study of a performance management system that was installed at an Indian IT services organisation following the transition to remote work. Despite its mobilisation around greater accuracy and objectivity in performance appraisals, the paper demonstrates that techniques of quantification in the system generated information that was empty of any managerial value. The dichotomous understanding of productivity encoded in the system also entrenched the subjective interests of managers into performance appraisals, creating conflicts of interest in supervision that eroded the interests of the workers. As the system misread and distorted the everyday realities of work, the workers governed by it were compelled to engage in “meta work” (Maggiori 2023) that effectively undermined their productivity. By staging the empirical insights from this case study within the politically fraught character of digital Taylorism, the paper seeks to understand why the performance management system failed to meet the sanguine promises of the digital that are often marshalled around data-driven management. Based on evidence from the Indian IT sector, it argues that the translation of worker activities into egregiously oversimplified productivity data, and the eventual normalization of the data using statistical techniques, enabled the organisation to translate the worker population into a fleet of disposable human capital. This, it further argues, has been a strategy that has been in place not only to control alienated labour but also to protect the IT industry’s ability to arbitrage labour costs amidst the vagaries of informational capitalism.
Article
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In this paper, we describe the finding of the first phase of the Recognition of ICT Skills of Staff (tRISSt) project, in which we raise questions about the assumption that FE and HE staff have the appropriate ICT capabilities to make use of the opportunities provided by networked learning to develop teaching and learning in their students.
Article
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One of the original goals of creating the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system was to help businesses better distribute and allocate their resources. This was the main reason of making it. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) has evolved into an effective means of gathering and then using this data to produce reports that provide a multidimensional perspective of linked data, allowing for the ability to make suitable choices in a timely way. The fact that each division inside the organization generates data in its own isolated way prompted this measure. Given the assertion that "A correct decision made at the wrong time is a wrong decision," it follows that adhering to a schedule to ensure data accuracy is as crucial to ensuring data quality. The manufacturing site is only one of many locations where enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems may automate and integrate a wide range of other production-related business functions. The supply chain, consumers, staff, and finances are just a few of the many typical places that data is sourced from. The ability to automate tasks related to running your company is one of the greatest advantages of using an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. Introduction: It would be hard to overestimate the extent to which the fast growth of information and communication technology has altered all aspects of computer usage in commercial enterprises. At the same time, the business environment is becoming more complex, and many departments need an increasing amount of inter-functional data flow in order to make choices, get product components in a timely and effective manner, manage inventories, manage accounting and human resources, and provide products and services to consumers. An whole new category of computer programs known as enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems has recently been introduced to the market in order to address these shortcomings. Companies that are large and complex are the primary target audience for these programs. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is a business software program that asserts to make all of a company's information flow together in a seamless manner. According to Davenport (1998), this comprises information on finances, budgets, staff, the supply chain, and individuals who are clients. In Kumar and Van Hillsgersberg's (2000) definition, enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are described as flexible information systems that integrate data and information-based activities both inside and across the functional domains of a company.When
Chapter
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Die digitale Transformation kann als revolutionäre Umwälzung in allen Sektoren der Berufs- und Arbeitswelt und der Gesellschaft betrachtet werden. Solche Umwälzungen finden nicht nur technologisch statt. Vielmehr fordern sie unsere Alltagsvorstellungen und Begriffssysteme heraus. Im Lehrbuch wird die digitale Transformation der Berufs- und Arbeitswelt mit der Denkvorstellung der ‚Welt der Daten‘ adressiert. Zielgruppe sind Lehrkräfte in der beruflichen Bildung. Zielstellung des Lehrbuchs ist es, Ordnungskategorien für die Beschreibung der digitalen Transformation der Berufs- und Arbeitswelt zu schaffen. ‚Nachhaltige‘ Lehrkräftebildung wird im Buch verstanden im Sinne der Erschließung von Innovationspotenzialen der digitalen Vernetzung und Vorbeugung von möglichen, neuen Problemen des Innovationsschubs.
Chapter
Full-text available
Die digitale Transformation kann als revolutionäre Umwälzung in allen Sektoren der Berufs- und Arbeitswelt und der Gesellschaft betrachtet werden. Solche Umwälzungen finden nicht nur technologisch statt. Vielmehr fordern sie unsere Alltagsvorstellungen und Begriffssysteme heraus. Im Lehrbuch wird die digitale Transformation der Berufs- und Arbeitswelt mit der Denkvorstellung der ‚Welt der Daten‘ adressiert. Zielgruppe sind Lehrkräfte in der beruflichen Bildung. Zielstellung des Lehrbuchs ist es, Ordnungskategorien für die Beschreibung der digitalen Transformation der Berufs- und Arbeitswelt zu schaffen. ‚Nachhaltige‘ Lehrkräftebildung wird im Buch verstanden im Sinne der Erschließung von Innovationspotenzialen der digitalen Vernetzung und Vorbeugung von möglichen, neuen Problemen des Innovationsschubs.
Book
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Buku ini membahas transformasi peran pustakawan di era digital[buku ini terdiri dari 10 bab] 1. Peran pustakawan terus berkembang. Dari penjaga buku menjadi fasilitator informasi, pustakawan harus beradaptasi dengan teknologi seperti AI. 2. Pendidikan kepustakawanan juga bertransformasi. Kurikulum perlu fokus pada teknologi informasi dan kebutuhan masyarakat di era digital. 3. Pustakawan kini memiliki peran yang lebih luas, termasuk kurasi konten, literasi informasi, dan pembelajaran sepanjang hayat. 4. Kode etik tetap penting. Pustakawan harus menjunjung tinggi integritas, netralitas, dan akses informasi yang adil. 5. Teknologi mengubah layanan perpustakaan. Digitalisasi, AI, dan media sosial menuntut pustakawan menguasai teknologi baru. 6. Perpustakaan dan profesional informasi harus beradaptasi. Kompetensi baru seperti literasi digital dan penguasaan teknologi sangat penting. 7. Kompetensi pustakawan kini lebih kompleks. Meliputi pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan sikap dalam mengelola informasi dan teknologi. 8. Regulasi dan standar kompetensi perlu dipatuhi. Organisasi profesi dan standar internasional membantu menjaga kualitas pustakawan. 9. Paradigma ilmu perpustakaan bergeser. Dari fokus pada koleksi fisik ke pemanfaatan teknologi untuk akses informasi. 10. Pendidikan berkelanjutan sangat penting. Pustakawan harus terus belajar dan mengembangkan diri untuk tetap relevan. 11. Kesimpulan: Buku ini menekankan pentingnya adaptasi dan pengembangan kompetensi bagi pustakawan di era digital. Pustakawan harus terus belajar, berinovasi, dan berkolaborasi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan informasi masyarakat.
Article
We live in a world of runaway global social inequality and immanent planetary ecological collapse and action research is more necessary than ever. Solidarity across countries, regions, classes, and ecosystems is the only way out of these linked crises caused by neoliberal capitalism. Action research is a vibrant and heterogeneous set of democratic practices capable of addressing many of these dilemmas. Action researchers have for generations largely been content to develop their own approaches independently and the attempts to create better integrated global action research networks have yet to show the needed success. This essay argues that the lack of collaboration and solidarity across the whole spectrum of action research is an unaffordable luxury. Living up to our own ethical and political commitments, we need to find ways to treat the diversity among our own practices and political visions as sources of strength and dynamism. Beyond this, together we need to make a concerted effort to link with other groups and networks promoting fairness, democracy, sustainability and solidarity because the future without these collaborations is unsustainable.
Research Proposal
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This special issue brings together theoretical and empirical contributions that advance our understanding of the link between technology and the organization of social fields. Papers will address the role of technology in field constitution and change and/or the role of fields in the design, production, and use of technology. The special issue will be published in fall 2026. Interested authors are asked to submit a 500-word abstract by December 15, 2024.
Article
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L’objectif principal de cet article est de questionner le rapport à la notion d’expérience sous l’angle de ses modalités de visualisation, en lien avec un projet de recherche en design informé par les modèles et les méthodes de l’ergonomie de tradition francophone et de l’anthropologie cognitive (Bonnardot, 2021). En tant que discipline d’intervention et de recherche préoccupée par la relation à la conception, le design, comme l’ergonomie, recourt depuis plusieurs années à la notion d’expérience utilisateur (UX) pour signer son souci de prendre en compte les besoins et caractéristiques des usagers. Mais les choix de modes de représentation, focalisés essentiellement sur les storyboards, les cartographies écosystémiques et les parcours utilisateur, restent essentiellement dictés par des objectifs de communication par nature a-théoriques qui réduisent l’expression graphique à sa dimension ornementale. Partant de ce constat, l’article passe en revue différents exemples de représentation de l’expérience utilisateur dans le domaine du design et de l’ergonomie, à partir de modèles existants ou conçus pour l’occasion. L’article s’appuie sur un cas d’étude (une recherche en design informée par les modèles et méthodes de l’ergonomie) pour comprendre comment la mise en graphe de données d’expérience, à partir d’un modèle analytique spécifique (la mise en récit réduit) reposant sur un ensemble d’hypothèses théoriques explicites issues du cours d’action, participe à la production de connaissances et de recommandations pour la conception.
Chapter
Sustainable development and green economy have become a big concern in the Chinese context. Since 2022, environmental credit evaluation has been disclosed as an important indicator to assess the enterprise social credit ranking. Chinese Social Credit System (SCS) integrates with enterprise environmental credit records and shares credit information on different platforms to impose environmental dishonesty. This chapter discusses the sustainability of SCS from different perspectives.
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