![PLMN Service Area (Courtesy: [2])](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kuboye-Moses/publication/269651787/figure/fig2/AS:667620407787525@1536184517398/PLMN-Service-Area-Courtesy-2_Q320.jpg)
![GSM Network Elements (Source: [2])](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kuboye-Moses/publication/269651787/figure/fig1/AS:307370937864192@1450294350030/GSM-Network-Elements-Source-2_Q320.jpg)
Content uploaded by Kuboye Bamidele Moses
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Kuboye Bamidele Moses on Dec 16, 2015
Content may be subject to copyright.
A preview of the PDF is not available
Mobile Communication Evolution
Abstract and Figures
Presently, there is a wide establishment of mobile computing across the globe and the number of subscribers worldwide including Nigeria is on the increase every day. It started with mobile voice communication and has gradually been extended to the capability of sending and receiving data across the cellular networks. Also, the coming of this technology has changed the face of business all over the world and will soon dominate all strata of the society. Therefore, this paper is looking at the past, present and the future of this technology, the areas of applications and vectors of mobility that are likely to shape the future of the technology. The reviews of the mobile computing technology from the First generation (1G) to fourth (4G) are presented. The relationships of the generations were presented. The issues relating to the emergence of new technology are also reviewed. The interworking of the technologies and how they helped in promoting the mobile technologies were also reviewed. The deployments issues from First generation (1G) to 3G and later to 4G are presented. The paper has reviewed how each of the technology came to being and thus served as an eye opener to those people that are not acquainted with these technologies.
Figures - uploaded by Kuboye Bamidele Moses
Author content
All figure content in this area was uploaded by Kuboye Bamidele Moses
Content may be subject to copyright.
... It has High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) standards. HSDPA deployment supports 1.8 Mbps, 3.6 Mbps, 7.2 Mbps and 14.4 Mbps in downlink data applications, with shorter connection and response times while HSUPA support the up-link speeds up to 5.76 Mbps [7]. The third generation (3G) brought the quest for data at higher speeds to open the gates for mobile broadband experience which was further realized by the fourth generation (4G). ...
... 3G is based on two parallel infrastructures consisting of circuit switched and packet switched network nodes respectively, while 4G is based on packet switching only. It consists of end-to-end IP solution with better quality data, video and sound services due to high bandwidth, and convergence of networks services such as enterprise, fixed and cellular [7]. The design target for radio performance is to achieve a scalable capacity from 100 Mbps high speeds and above compared to the 3G best performance of 14.4 Mbps using HSDPA and other 3G technologies. ...
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is designed to revolutionize mobile broadband technology with key considerations of higher data rate, improved power efficiency, low latency and better quality of service. This work analyzes the impact of resource scheduling algorithms on the performance of LTE (4G) and WCDMA (3G) networks. In this paper, a full illustration of LTE system is given together with different scheduling algorithms. Thereafter, 3G WCDMA and 4G LTE networks were simulated using Simulink simulator embedded in MATLAB and performance evaluations were carried out. The performance metrics used for the evaluations are average system throughput, packet delay, latency and allocation of fairness using Round Robin, Best CQI and Proportional fair Packet Scheduling Algorithms. The results of the evaluations on both networks were analysed. The results showed that 4G LTE network performs better than 3G WCDMA network in all the three scheduling algorithms used.
... Mobile computing is a mechanism to transmission [7] of data to and from one mobile device to another devices and compute within the mobile devices. When mobile and computing combined into a single unit it is also known as mobile computing. ...
... Intensive processes of informatization and intellectualization are taking place in society. If at the beginning of the XXI century few people used mobile communication [1,2], and the Internet was just gaining strength, today we are on the threshold of interactive television, increasing the speed of information processing, creating various databases. areas of network and cloud systems, smartphones, tablets, intelligent robots. ...
... In conclusion, university students in Nigeria are using their smartphones and tablets to support learning inside and outside the classroom. There is no doubt that patronage in mobile learning is going to increase as communication [30], particularly in Nigeria which is ranked among the largest mobile markets in Africa. The article ends with recommendations and future research work. ...
Mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets are becoming increasing popular among students, setting out a new way to communicate, collaborate and learn. The use of portable devices has the capability to inspire new approaches to learning. It is therefore important to examine the students " viewpoints about the educational use of mobile technology in supporting the learning process. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of mobile devices for learning purposes by exploring the kinds of interactions that students in Nigerian universities have with their portable gadgets. A sample of 240 higher education students participated in the study by completing the researchers " questionnaire. The results of the study indicate the students use their portable devices to exchange education-related messages and academic files with classmates, search the internet and library databases for academic materials, practice online quizzes or tests and hold discussions with classmates among others. The statistical analyses result show that there is no significant difference in the students " use of mobile devices based on gender.
... Japan had invented the cellular communication system in late 1970s and it was the main paradigm in that time (Bamidele Moses, 2014). While 4G is the name to port generation of wireless technologies. ...
Fourth Generation (4G) mobile systems has been used more widely than the older generations 3G and 2G. Among the reasons are that the 4G's transfer rate is higher and it supports all multimedia functions. Besides, its' supports for wide geographical locus makes wireless technology gets more advanced. The essential goal of 4G is to enable voice-based communication being implemented endlessly. This study tries to evaluate if the old protocols suit with this new technology. And which one has the best performance and which one has the greatest effect on throughput, delay and packet loss. The aforementioned questions are crucial in the performance evaluation of the most famous protocols (particularly User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP)) within the 4G environment. Through the Network Simulation-3 (NS3), the performance of transporting video stream including throughput, delay, packet loss and packet delivery ratio are analyzed at the base station through UDP, TCP and DCCP protocols over 4G's Long Term Evaluation (LTE) technology. The results show that DCCP has better throughput and lesser delay, but at the same time it has more packet loss than UDP and TCP. Based on the results, DCCP is recommended as a transport protocol for real time video.
The federal government has long had a need for highly secure communications. The National Security Agency (NSA) is responsible for the wide range of technologies to secure these communications. They realized, recently, that the development times for government encryption technology was not keeping pace with the rapid evolution of commercial mobile technologies; together with a realization that commercial technologies exist to meet the requirements for the federal government. Specifically, NSA has published specifications on their website to operationalize these capabilities. Commercial Solutions for Classified (CSfC), the NSA term for commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) secure communications, coupled with published capability packages allows a developer to field a secure communications solution rapidly built entirely on COTS technology. The architecture, proposed in this paper, will address the rapidly evolving commercial mobile security market and will address fully leveraging commercial technologies to field the latest technologies in the shortest amount of time and at the lowest cost. With the NSA move to commercial technologies and the commercial market moving to enhanced security for “standard commercial users,” there is an emerging convergence of these two approaches. The initial work has revealed effective architectural constructs to support the wide range of emerging applications of this promising approach from NSA.
Unexpectedly, the level of patronage being experienced in Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) in Nigeria is overwhelming. This is as a result of freedom of calling from anywhere at anytime and clarity of the voice enjoyed in GSM since it is on a digital technology platform. This has brought a lot of congestion in the network resulting in poor services by the operators. This research has developed a management algorithm for the management of the congestion experienced in the GSM network in Nigeria. It explores the use of Erlang-B in determining the appropriate probability level for some range of subscribers. Thereafter, when there is congestion, block time sharing, dynamic allocation without time slicing, dynamic allocation time slicing with signal sensing, frequently recent call allocation, and priority allocation algorithms were developed to manage the congestion. Furthermore, a hybrid algorithm was developed that integrates all the algorithms together in other to manage the congestion considering all the strengths and constraints of each algorithm. If the recommended congestion management algorithm is followed comprehensibly, the congestion problem on the GSM network will be reduced drastically.
GSM is playing a vital role in bringing great changes in the telecommunication sector in Nigeria and the world at large. The GSM has brought communication to the doorstep of every Nigerians. The clarity nature of the voice communication, which is the major application on the GSM, has made it more acceptable than the landline. Recently, the interest of Nigerians in accessing their e-mails and browsing of the Internet while on the move has increased due to the introduction of GPRS to the network. This GPRS is limited in the number of data that can be accessed at a time. Many Nigerian GSM operators are now Jostling to improve or upgrade their Network to 3G, which promise better quality of service and customer's satisfaction. In this paper, the GSM technology is reviewed. The major upgrade to the GSM technology that has made the deployment of higher technology like GPRS, EDGE possible is analyzed. The deployment of GSM and its upgrade through the GPRS to EDGE and UMTS, which is the major 3G technology that is compatible with the GSM, is presented here. The evolution scenarios that can minimize cost and bring users satisfaction are also stated. (Keywords: GSM, GPRS, EDGE, 3G, UMTS, WCDMA, communications technology)
GSM/(E)GPRS networks support a mixture of traffic consisting of voice and data. A key concept of dimensioning radio resources in such networks is represented by sharing resources between different users and different services. In this paper we address the problem of voice and data traffic models according to different resources allocations strategies: CP (Complete Partitioning) and PP(Partial Partitioning) and define specific parameters in each case. The proposed traffic model depend in each case on the resources allocation strategy: for voice traffic it is based on both cases, CP and PP, on Erlang law meanwhile for data traffic we build different models depending the scheme used for resources allocation. For CP scheme we propose two models: the model based on Erlang law and those based on modified Engset law. For PP scheme we also proposed two models: one is based on the bi-dimensional Markov chain and the other on the modified Engset law. Both consider voice-data interaction according to the PP scheme. In all cases we define specific performance parameters. We also implement the studied models and evaluate the proposed performance parameters. Finally we compare the results in order to find the adequate model to use for dimensioning purposes.
In this paper, we present an analytical model for the performance evaluation of GSM/GPRS cells with different resource allocation schemes. The presented model is based on the modified Engset model with a finite number of users generating ON/OFF sessions in the cell. The closed formula following from the model is applicable for calculating different performance parameters like user throughput, blocking probability and radio resource utilization. Our study is focused on two main radio resource allocation strategies: complete partitioning and partial sharing.
The emergence of fourth generation (4G) mobile telecommunication system is studied. Some of the key technologies required for 4G are OFDMA, software defined radio (SDR), multiple-input multiple-output, interlayer optimization, and handover and mobility. In the context of 4G systems , SDR will become an enabler for the aggregation of multi-standard pico/micro cells. The provisions of megabit/s data rates to thousands of radio and mobile terminals per square kilometer presents several challenges.
This article is a brief outline of the major elements of the digital mobile radio system, introducing key terms and showing how the application of state-of-the-art system, hardware and software technologies can provide improved mobile services to more subscribers. It will serve as an introduction to the articles on specific GSM/DCS subsystems that follow in this issue. A list of all abbreviations used in these articles will be found on the last pages of the journal.
A discussion is given of typical paths, progressions, and perspectives concerning the evolution of an individual from being an engineer to system engineer to system of systems engineer. Presented are definitions of the disciplines; and minimal education, experience and perspectives deemed by the author as necessary to competently fill the engineering, system engineering, and system of systems engineering roles.