ThesisPDF Available

Contribution à l'hydrologie profonde et superficielle du bassin du Souss (Maroc) : Climatologie, hydrogéologie, crues et bilans hydrologiques en milieu subaride.

  • January 1995
DOI:10.13140/RG.2.2.34914.81600
  • Thesis for: PhD
  • Advisor: Vanney J. R.
Authors:
Mohamed Elmehdi Saidi at Cadi Ayyad University
Mohamed Elmehdi Saidi
Download full-text PDFDownload full-text PDFDownload full-text PDFDownload full-text PDFDownload full-text PDF
Read full-text
Download citation

Abstract and Figures

"Lille-thèses, ISSN, 0294-1767"--Fiche header. Thesis (doctoral)--Université de Paris-Sorbonne, Paris IV, 1994. Microfiche.
Figures - uploaded by Mohamed Elmehdi Saidi
Author content
All figure content in this area was uploaded by Mohamed Elmehdi Saidi
Content may be subject to copyright.
Saidi-the
se.pdf
Content uploaded by Mohamed Elmehdi Saidi
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Mohamed Elmehdi Saidi on Dec 15, 2020
Content may be subject to copyright.
Saidi-the
se.pdf
Content uploaded by Mohamed Elmehdi Saidi
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Mohamed Elmehdi Saidi on Dec 15, 2020
Content may be subject to copyright.
Saidi-the
se.pdf
Content uploaded by Mohamed Elmehdi Saidi
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Mohamed Elmehdi Saidi on Nov 10, 2019
Content may be subject to copyright.
saidi-the
se.pdf
Content uploaded by Mohamed Elmehdi Saidi
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Mohamed Elmehdi Saidi on Dec 16, 2014
Content may be subject to copyright.
saidi-the
se.pdf
Content uploaded by Mohamed Elmehdi Saidi
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Mohamed Elmehdi Saidi on Jun 05, 2014
Content may be subject to copyright.
A preview of the PDF is not available

Supplementary resource (1)

Saidi-these.pdf
Data
December 2020
Mohamed Elmehdi Saidi
... The study area of Ida-Outanane is located near Agadir and the Atlantic Ocean on the southern foothills of the High Atlas. Its climate is maritime with an annual precipitation of 230-260 mm (data for the suburbs of Agadir, 20 km away, Díaz-Barradas et al., 2010) and a mean annual temperature of 18.4°C (data for Agadir, Saidi, 1995). The Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks of the High Atlas (Hssaisoune et al., 2016) are covered by mostly immature soils like Regosols, Leptosols and Fluvisols (Jones et al., 2013). ...
... Like Ida-Outanane, the study area of Taroudant is situated on the southern foothills of the High Atlas. About 80 km from the coast, its climate is more continental (220 mm annual precipitation, 20°C mean annual temperature; Peter et al., 2014;Saidi, 1995). Four test sites are located in the foothills of the High Atlas, while seven lie on an alluvial fan that originates from the High Atlas and covers the Pliocene and Quaternary fluvial, fluvio-lacustrine and aeolian deposits of the Souss Basin (Aït Hssaine and Bridgland, 2009;Chakir et al., 2014). ...
Monitoring dryland trees with remote sensing. Part B: Combining tree cover and plant architecture data to assess degradation and recovery of Argania spinosa woodlands of South Morocco
Article
Full-text available
  • Oct 2022
The argan woodlands of South Morocco represent an open-canopy dryland forest with traditional silvopastoral usage that includes browsing by goats, sheep and camels, oil production as well as agricultural use. In the past, these forests have undergone extensive clearing, but are now protected by the state. However, the remaining argan woodlands are still under pressure from intensive grazing and illegal firewood collection. Although the argan-forest area seems to be overall decreasing due to large forest clearings for intensive agriculture, little quantitative data is available on the dynamics and overall state of the remaining argan forest. To determine how the argan woodlands in the High Atlas and the Anti-Atlas had changed in tree-crown cover from 1972 to 2018 we used historical black and white HEXAGON satellite images as well as recent WorldView satellite images (see Part A of our study). Because tree shadows can oftentimes not be separated from the tree crown on panchromatic satellite images, individual trees were mapped in three size categories to determine if trees were unchanged, had decreased/increased in crown size or had disappeared or newly grown. The current state of the argan trees was evaluated by mapping tree architectures in the field. Tree-cover changes varied highly between the test sites. Trees that remained unchanged between 1972 and 2018 were in the majority, while tree mortality and tree establishment were nearly even. Small unchanged trees made up 48.4% of all remaining trees, of these 51% showed degraded tree architectures. 40% of small (re-) grown trees were so overbrowsed that they only appeared as bushes, while medium (3–7 m crown diameter) and large trees (>7 m) showed less degraded trees regardless if they had changed or not. Approaches like grazing exclusion or cereal cultivation lead to a positive influence on tree architecture and less tree-cover decrease. Although the woodland was found to be mostly unchanged 1972–2018, the analysis of tree architecture reveals that a lot of (mostly small) trees remained stable but in a degraded state. This stability might be the result of the small trees’ high degradation status and shows the heavy pressure on the argan forest.
View
... The coefficient of linear correlation (R 2 ), the coefficient of Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and the coefficient of percent bias (PBIAS) quantify the goodness of fit in SUFI-2 between the observed data and the best simulation. The data for calibration and validation of the water yield was taken from the work of Elmouden et al. (2017) and Saidi (1995) while that of sediment yield was from the study done in another watershed in Morocco by Briak et al. (2016) due to scarcity of data. ...
Evaluating the impacts of land use and climate changes on water ecosystem services in the Souss watershed, Morocco
Article
  • Jan 2023
Land use and climate changes have varying impacts on water ecosystem services (WES) that must be understood. However, not many studies have analyzed the combined effects of these changes on WES using multiple models at the watershed level. This study used Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) models to assess the influence of land use and climate change scenarios on water yield and sediment export in the Souss watershed. Resource Investment Optimization System (RIOS) model was used to build land use scenarios. The results showed increases in temperature and evapotranspiration but decreases in precipitation and erosivity in 2050 and 2090. Climate change had a greater impact on the WES than land use change. The results from the InVEST model demonstrated a decline in sediment export for transitioned scenario (16.7%–17.1%) and unprotected scenario (15.8%–16.2%) with further decreases in water yield (7.1%–7.7%) for both land use scenarios. However, sediment export (0.3%–2.7%) and water yield (0%–0.8%) increased under unprotected scenario but both decreased under transitioned scenario, respectively, when the SWAT model is applied. Using multiple models for WES assessment under climate and land use changes provides a broader horizon for proper decision-making.
View
... In the Souss basin, for example, the decennial flood flows for the two basins, upstream at the Taroudant station (9350 km 2 ) and downstream at the Ait Melloul station (16100 km 2 ) are 1350 and 1400 m 3 /s, respectively. It would seem that the difference of 700 km 2 between the two basins does not influence the downstream flows since a strong infiltration takes place in the alluvium of the Souss plain (Saidi, 1995). ...
Spatial Prediction of Flood Frequency Analysis in a Semi-Arid Zone: A Case Study from the Seyad Basin (Guelmim Region, Morocco)
Chapter
  • Jan 2022
Flood, a constant phenomenon especially in the semi-arid areas and flood plain regions, can be seen as one of the most destructive natural hazards jeopardizing the life of a population, their property, and their physical and economic environment. This paper focus on hydrologic modeling using the HEC-RAS model in combination with Watershed Modeling System (WMS) tools compares to the Flood Hazard Index (FHI) method using GIS in the Seyad basin situated in the southwestern region of Morocco with an area of 1512.85 km². The goal sought in this study is to evaluate flood risk in the Seyad basin that covers the cities of Taghjijt, Aday, Amtoudi, Tagriante, and Timoulayn’Ouamalougt that are areas with important agricultural lands. The HEC-RAS approach combines the surface hydrologic model and the digital terrain model data. This combination allows the mapping of the flood zones by using the WMS tools. This approach predicts flood occurrence probability for different times and determines the intensity of the flood (depth and velocity of floodwater) by using the existing hydrological data. On the other hand, The Flood Hazard Index method presents a multi-criteria index to assess flood risk areas, using six physical parameters namely: Permeability, slope, distance from the drainage network, land use, drainage network, and flow accumulation. A weight is calculated from the analytic hierarchy process method and applies to each parameter. HEC-RAS method allows the mapping of a flood with a flood water surface profile that shows the depth of flood for Annual Exceedance Probability (AEP) while FHI permits establishing flood risk level without indicating the depth of water. In both approaches, six types of simulations were performed with the return periods of 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, and 500 years and the simulation revealed that the most susceptible areas to flooding are the area along the Seyad River.
View
... Elles interviennent en règle générale soit le lendemain soit deux jours plus tard. Ceci peut s'expliquer par un temps de concentration de chaque bassin versant plus ou moins long en fonction de la longueur du cours principal, du lieu où est intervenue la précipitation, des conditions d'humidité initiale du bassin versant (El Idrissi, 1996), ayant prévalu aux averses, des conditions lithologiques du bassin versant et enfin de l'occupation des sols (Réméniéras, 1976, Saidi, 1995. Les bassins versants ne réagissent pas systématiquement de la même manière, ni au même timing aux épisodes pluvieux. ...
Climatic and anthropogenic impacts on the variability of water resources
Book
Full-text available
  • Jan 2007
Le séminaire « Impacts Climatiques et Anthropiques sur la Variabilité des Ressources en Eau » s’est déroulé au Laboratoire HydroSciences Montpellier, Maison des Sciences de l’Eau, du 22 au 24 novembre 2005. L’organisation a été assurée par Mike Bonell de l’UNESCO Paris, Emmanuel Naah de l’UNESCO Afrique à Nairobi et par Gil Mahé d’HSM. Cet appel à communication a été lancé au sein de chaque réseau régional FRIEND sous le couvert des Coordinateurs Régionaux FRIEND, qui ont sélectionné 4 communications. Le Séminaire a rassemblé 57 chercheurs venant de 25 pays. La journée de présentations a rassemblé 23 communications, dont 8 invitées et 15 sélectionnées dans le réseau FRIEND, autour de 3 thèmes : 1 Knowledge of climatic regimes and drainages and their spatio-temporal variability (8 présentations) ; 2 Relationships between human activities, climate, water resources and environment (8 présentations) ; 3 Climatic scenarios for XXIst century and forecasted water resources (7 présentations). L’après-midi de session plénière a permis d’ouvrir la discussion sur le thème des ressources en eau à travers les groupes régionaux, sur l’avenir du programme FRIEND, et a donné lieu à la rédaction de recommandations générales rédigées par le Professeur Trevor Daniell (Coordinateur régional FRIEND-Asie-Pacifique) et Luc Sigha (Coordinateur régional FRIEND AOC). IHP-VI / PHI-VI Technical Document in Hydrology No. 80 / Document technique en hydrologie No. 80 UNESCO, Paris / UMR 5569, HydroSciences Montpellier, 2007
View
... Elles interviennent en règle générale soit le lendemain soit deux jours plus tard. Ceci peut s'expliquer par un temps de concentration de chaque bassin versant plus ou moins long en fonction de la longueur du cours principal, du lieu où est intervenue la précipitation, des conditions d'humidité initiale du bassin versant (El Idrissi, 1996), ayant prévalu aux averses, des conditions lithologiques du bassin versant et enfin de l'occupation des sols (Réméniéras, 1976, Saidi, 1995. Les bassins versants ne réagissent pas systématiquement de la même manière, ni au même timing aux épisodes pluvieux. ...
View
... Les décalages qui interviennent le lendemain ou quatre jours au plus après chaque événement pluvieux entre les fortes averses et les pics de débits sont dus aux temps de concentration des eaux et de l'occupation du bassin. Le temps de concentration des eaux dépend de la longueur du cours principal, du lieu où est intervenue la précipitation, des conditions d'humidité initiales du bassin versant ayant prévalu aux averses (El Idrissi, 1996), des conditions lithologiques du bassin versant et enfin de l'occupation des sols (Saidi, 1995 ...
Double-phase connection of switching converters
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2007
This paper deals with comparison of different variants of switching converters; where more concentration is paid to the comparison of the double-phase connection of these converters with an inter-phase transformer or without it, (i.e. with smoothing chokes in phases). The input voltage of these compared converters is assumed to be ideally smoothed and constant. The comparison criterion was carried out from technical characteristics and investment perspectives. Where, the technical characteristics are distribution of the currents into phases, the ripple of the current flowing into the load, and the region of discontinuous currents and demands to the material of transformer and chokes. Investment costs may be represented by the amount of materials needed for making an inter-phase transformer and the smoothing chokes; i.e. demands to the material of transformer and chokes. To compare the demands to the material of the transformer and the chokes with each other, it should select the suitable concept relations and equations which help to make a good engineering judgment of these variants. Later on in this paper it will be shown that these materials are dependent on the current and the voltage ratings of the inter-phase transformer and the smoothing chokes. It is also necessary to say that a four-phase switching converter with smoothing chokes, two phases connected in series and two phases connected in parallel, is now used in locomotive "Škoda 90E" produced in Czech republic especially for the use in USA.
View
... Les décalages qui interviennent le lendemain ou quatre jours au plus après chaque événement pluvieux entre les fortes averses et les pics de débits sont dus aux temps de concentration des eaux et de l'occupation du bassin. Le temps de concentration des eaux dépend de la longueur du cours principal, du lieu où est intervenue la précipitation, des conditions d'humidité initiales du bassin versant ayant prévalu aux averses (El Idrissi, 1996), des conditions lithologiques du bassin versant et enfin de l'occupation des sols (Saidi, 1995 ...
Length - Weight relationship of tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus Linnaeus 1757) under different stocking densities in Bamboo net cages in a freshwater reservoir
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2007
Four different tilapia stocking densities (50, 100, 150 and 200 per m3 cage) replicated twice in a complete randomized design were fed with commercial feed (34.55% Crude Protein) in a freshwater reservoir. After 91 days culture period, the length and weight of 50% of the stocked fish was sampled, picked randomly from the treatments at harvest. The t-value for all the treatments were highly significant at 0.0001. there were no significant difference (P> 0.05) in fish condition factor for all the treatment which shows that stocking density did not affect the plumpness of the fish.
View
... Three factors determine the climate in the Souss region: the high mountains which surround the area, except to the west; the opening of the region to the Atlantic Ocean; and its location at a relatively low, Saharan latitude (Figs. 1 and 3A). The map of precipitation established by Dijon (1969) in comparison to current national meteorological data (Saidi, 1995) shows that the rain intensity in this region depends mainly on altitude (Fig. 3B). This precipitation ranges from less than 300 mm/y in the plain to more than 500 mm/y toward the High-Atlas and Siroua summits. ...
Constraints on alluvial clay mineral assemblages in semiarid regions. The Souss Wadi Basin (Morocco, Northwestern Africa)
Research
Full-text available
  • Sep 2015
Utilisation des minéraux argileux comme traceurs sédimentaires et indicateurs du milieu pour caractériser l'érosion du bassin du Souss (maroc)
View
Comportement hydrologique et dynamique d’un bassin versant en milieu semi-aride : exemple du bassin versant du Ksob (Haut Atlas Occidental, Maroc).
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2010
Situada en una zona semi-árida, en el extremo occidental del Alto Atlas, la cuenca vertiente del Ksob presenta una forma alargada con pendientes bastante importantes en las cuencas afluentes y sus vertientes. La mayoría de los afloramientos son bastante impermeables, compuestos principalmente por rocas carbonatadas jurásicas y cretácicas. Estas características tienen una influencia evidente en la descarga de los tributarios y en la morfolgía de los hidrogramas observados en sus desembocaduras. El río Ksob ha sufrido avenidas devastadoras muy violentas y de corta duración. La carga sólida transportada por tales avenidas, y depositada en la Bahía de Essaouira, juega un papel fundamental en el mantenimiento del equilibrio morfodinámico y sedimentario de la desembocadura del río y la playa de Essaouira. La construcción de la presa Zerrar, aguas arriba del río, provocará un déficit sedimentario importante que se traducirá en una erosión costera intensa de la Bahía de Essaouira.
View
Typologie des crues en zone montagneuse, océanique et semi aride. Le cas du bassin versant du Ksob (Haut Atlas occidental, Maroc)
Article
Full-text available
  • Nov 2012
Le bassin versant du Ksob à Adamna est un hydrosystème du Haut-Atlas occidental de 1483 km² de superficie. Les précipitations sont, dans l’ensemble, conformes au milieu semi aride avec des hauteurs moyennes annuelles de 305 mm. A l’exutoire, l’écoulement superficiel est en moyenne de l’ordre de 24 mm par an (1,13 m3/s). Cependant les crues de l’oued sont assez violentes. Leurs temps de montée sont assez courts et les débits de pointes très élevés. Les hydrogrammes de crues sont souvent aigus témoignant de la brièveté et la puissance des évènements. Les crues du Ksob sont également assez fréquentes. Bien qu’avec des intensités variables, les pulsations brutales de l’oued surviennent souvent en apportant leurs lots de charge solide et de dégâts infrastructurels. Ce constat a incité à définir et entreprendre des aménagements hydrauliques adéquats en aval du bassin pour parer aux conséquences de ces crues sur le milieu naturel en général.
View
Mohamed El Mehdi SAIDI * GENESE ET PROPAGATION DES CRUES EN MILIEU SUB-ARIDE : EXEMPLE DE L'OUED SOUSS (MAROC)
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 1994
RÉSUMÉ. - Le basin du Souss se situe dans une zone du Maroc sub-saharien où interfèrent une aridité accrue en été, une irrégularité importante du régime de l'oued et une grande variabilité spatio-temporelle des pluies. Les crues du Souss apparaissent en saison froide de façon brutale et sont en générale de courte durée. Leur violence et leur grande vitesse de propagation forment un trait marqué des crues en domaine aride et sub-aride. Mots clés : Souss, sub-aride, crue. ABSTRACT.- The Souss basin is situated in sub-saharan Morocco , whose characteristics are an extreme aridity in summer, an important irregularit y of river's regime and a great spatio-temporal variability of rains. The floods of oued Souss appear suddenly in the cold season and are commonly brief. Their violence and great speed of spreading are typical of floods in the arid and sub-arid zone.
View
View
View
View
View
View
View
View
View
View