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Some tropical species related to Antithamnion (Rhodophyta, Ceramiaceae)
Abstract
Six taxa related to Antithamnion (Ceramiaceae, Ceramiales) are described from the Virgin Islands and other tropical and subtropical areas. The type specimens of Antithamnion antillanum Børgesen and Callithamnion Iherminieri Crouan et Crouan were examined and compared with newly collected material. These represent two separate decumbent species of Antithamnion, the second taxon noteworthy in its production of sporangia that are divided in various numbers (2, 4 or more) and planes (cruciate, zonate) on the same plant. A third species of Antithamnion that resembles these in some respects, but is a larger and erect species, A. ogdeniae, is newly described. Two species of Antithamnionella are recognized from the Virgin Islands: A. latiaxis as new, and A. flagellatum, previously known as Antithamnion flagellatum Børgesen from Mauritius. Antithamnion dumontii Dawson from Panamá is transferred to Wrangelia following an examination of type and recently collected material and is the first recorded decumbent species in this genus. These small algae are components of low turf in the tropics and subtropics, frequently occurring on eroded coral, on crustose coralline algae, and epiphytic on fleshy algae.
Six taxa related to Antithamnion (Ceramiaceae, Ceramiales) are described from the Virgin Islands and other tropical and subtropical areas. The type specimens of Antithamnion antillanum Børgesen and Callithamnion Iherminieri Crouan et Crouan were examined and compared with newly collected material. These represent two separate decumbent species of Antithamnion, the second taxon noteworthy in its production of sporangia that are divided in various numbers (2, 4 or more) and planes (cruciate, zonate) on the same plant. A third species of Antithamnion that resembles these in some respects, but is a larger and erect species, A. ogdeniae, is newly described. Two species of Antithamnionella are recognized from the Virgin Islands: A. latiaxis as new, and A. flagellatum, previously known as Antithamnion flagellatum Børgesen from Mauritius. Antithamnion dumontii Dawson from Panamá is transferred to Wrangelia following an examination of type and recently collected material and is the first recorded decumbent species in this genus. These small algae are components of low turf in the tropics and subtropics, frequently occurring on eroded coral, on crustose coralline algae, and epiphytic on fleshy algae.
... Células glandulares ausentes, como na maioria dos gêneros "crouanióides", aparentemente devido a uma redução dessas células glandulares. Abbott (1979) também reportou (mas não ilustrou) tetrasporângios "ocasionalmente pedunculados e células glandulares inconspícuas, usualmente adaxiais, localizadas nas células basais das pínulas, ocasionalmente com uma segunda célula glandular nas células distais adjacentes". Nenhuma destas características foi observada nos espécimes tipo examinados por Abbott (1979). ...
... Abbott (1979) também reportou (mas não ilustrou) tetrasporângios "ocasionalmente pedunculados e células glandulares inconspícuas, usualmente adaxiais, localizadas nas células basais das pínulas, ocasionalmente com uma segunda célula glandular nas células distais adjacentes". Nenhuma destas características foi observada nos espécimes tipo examinados por Abbott (1979). Detalhes da pós-fertilização e desenvolvimento do carposporófito são desconhecidos. ...
... Detalhes da pós-fertilização e desenvolvimento do carposporófito são desconhecidos. Contudo, Abbott (1979) reportou cistocarpos terminais na coleção tipo. ...
75 Introdução A família Ceramiaceae pertence a ordem Ceramiales e foi estabelecida por Du-mortier (1822), sendo tipificada por Ceramium Roth, possuindo mais de 100 de 2-3 es-permatângios, ramo carpogonial com 4 células, gonimoblastos nus ou envoltos por fila-mentos frouxamente dispostos, tetrasporângios tetraédricos ou cruciados, presença de polisporângios em algumas espécies (Itono 1977, Maggs & Hommersand 1993, Womers-ley 1998). No Brasil, devido a suas dimens›es continentais, ainda se fazem necessârios estudos de inventârios florísticos em vârias regi›es, pois os dados s‹o incompletos e fragmentados, existindo ainda, vários grupos taxonômicos a serem estudados, so-bretudo na região Nordeste, a exemplo das Ceramiaceae. Situa-se na região nordeste do Brasil a qual se caracteriza pela presença de uma flora tropical rica, águas oligotróficas e abundância de substratos duros, propí-cios ao crescimento de macroalgas marinhas (Horta et al. 2001. O litoral da Bahia é o mais extenso do Brasil com 1.103 km, tendo, como limite norte, a barra do Rio Real, no município de Jandaíra, e, como limite sul, a barra do Riacho Doce, município de Mucuri. O litoral abriga a flora ficológica mais diversificada do nordeste e apresenta grande diversidade de ambientes: praias arenosas, recifes de corais, formações de arenito, costões rochosos e manguezais. Esse litoral faz parte da Região Tropical que se caracteriza pela presença de flora relativamente rica, estabelecida predominantemente sobre recifes de arenito,
... This feature is conspicuous among mature Bermuda species, although young plants of W. hesperia at times display this branching pattern and, thus, can be confused with W. secundiramea. Similar to W. secundiramea, specimens of W. argus, W. bicuspidata, and W. abscondita normally produce four periaxial cells (Abbott, 1979;Schneider & Searles, 1997;present paper), but these species only have loose rhizoidal cortication at the nodes leaving the internodal regions ecorticate. Most specimens of W. secundiramea are darkly pigmented and stain the herbarium paper, atleast when dried with heat (Figure 8a,b). ...
Four species of the genus Wrangelia are presently known from the western Atlantic Ocean: W. argus , W. bicuspidata , W. penicillata, and W. gordoniae , with the first three historically being reported from Bermuda. Morphological and molecular barcode (COI‐5P) and phylogenetic analyses used in this study (SSU, LSU, rbc L) indicated eight species groupings of Wrangelia in Bermuda, excluding two of the historically recognized species, retaining only W. argus while adding seven new species, of which six are formally described. What had been historically reported as W. penicillata from Bermuda was shown to be distinct from Mediterranean Sea specimens (type locality) and was shown to be a mixture of W. hesperia sp. nov. and W. incrassata sp. nov. Along with these two, three other new species ( W. laxa sp. nov., W. ryancraigii sp. nov., and W. secundiramea sp. nov.) have complete rhizoidal cortication tightly covering axial cells of indeterminate axes below the apices, distinguishing them from the two local incompletely corticated congeners W. argus and W. abscondita sp. nov., the latter a morphologically cryptic sister species with W. bicuspidata from the Caribbean Sea. Only one of the new species, W. ryancraigii , has thus far been observed in the mesophotic zone off the Bermuda platform, and it is morphologically cryptic with the euphotic zone's W. laxa .
... However, a number of immunological studies on cetacean plasma are underway that will provide useful reference material and which could be adapted to such work (e.g. Abbott, 1979;Bossart, 1984;Brown etal., 1988;St Aubin etal., 1990;Kennedy etal., 1991;Domingo etal., 1992;Kumar and Cowan, 1994;De Guise et al., 1996;Erickson et al., 1995;Lahvis et al., 1995). ...
The limited information available on biomarkers in cetaceans and pinnipeds is reviewed. The main problems with their application to cetaceans are the difficulties in obtaining suitable tissue material and in carrying out experimental work to relate pollutant levels and effects. A white whalepopulation from the Gulf of St Lawrence has been found to have a high incidence of tumours and the presence of adducts was related to exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (PAH), a well known carcinogen. Some research has been carried out on induction of Mixed Function Oxidases (MFOs) (mainly cytochrome P450 system) in cetaceans, but the results are not yet conclusive. Studies on other groups of animals suggest that MFOs may be valuable biomarkers, particularly if techniques to measure them in biopsy skin samples are further developed. The goal should be that wild cetaceans are physiologically normal, biomarkers can be used to identify populations whose physiological functions are outside normal limits because of excessive exposure to pollutants. Since no pristine environments currently exist, measurements of biomarkers along gradients of pollutant exposure are needed to establish physiological normality in cetaceans.
... Gland cells are widespread in the Ceramiaceae, and it is an important diagnostic character for Antithamnion, Antitha-mnionella, Centroceras, and Ceramium (Abbott 1979;Cho et al. 2003;Won et al. 2009). In Ceramium, the gland cells are formed by the transformation of superficial cortical cells, and degeneration takes place rapidly so that they tend to be found principally in apical portions (Dixon 1960). ...
Because morphological variation in Gayliella species is extensive, a molecular-assisted taxonomic approach is essential for accurate species identification. In China, six Gayliella species have been recorded, but no molecular-assisted identification has been used. In this study, we used detailed morphological analyses combined with rbcL and cox1 sequence analyses to identify Gayliella specimens from Nan'ao Island, Shantou city, China. Morphological analyses revealed that our specimens can be distinguished from other species of Gayliella by a combination of morphological characters: branching at intervals 4(-5) on main axes, 4-6 on lateral axes; five periaxial cells; short basipetal corticating filaments only 1-2 cells long; ovoid gland cells developed from periaxial cells; and tetrasporangia whorled at a node. Molecular sequence analysis also revealed sufficient sequence divergence between our specimens and other Gayliella species to separate them. Therefore, based on combined morphological and molecular analyses, we describe the specimens from Nan'ao Island, Shantou city, China, as Gayliella nanaoensis sp. nov. ARTICLE HISTORY
... Puerto Rican plants examined were not reproductive. The species is also known from St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands (Abbott, 1979), from Martinique and Nevis in the Lesser Antilles (Bucher and Norris, 1995), and from Belize, western Caribbean (specimen in MSM, [DLB 495, Southwest Cay, Glovers Reef, on sponge Verongia, 18 m, 30.vi.1979]). Delesseriaceae [DLB 5523], scale bar = 5.0 cm. ...
Smithsonian Contributions to Botany , number 105, viii + 41 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, 2 appendixes, 2016. — Deepwater open-circuit scuba, dredging, submersible, and technical mixed-gas (closed-circuit) rebreather diving collections of marine benthic algae made over the last approximately 30 years in Puerto Rico are summarized in this account. In total, 186 taxa (166 identified to species) comprising 60% Rhodophyta, 11% Phaeophyceae, and 29% Chlorophyta are reported from depths greater than 35 m. Eighty-nine of these (56% of taxa identified to species) from the Puerto Rican mesophotic are thought to be the deepest known distributional records for the species recognized. Forty-three species (8% of the entire benthic flora of Puerto Rico) are mostly or entirely restricted to depths greater than 35 m. KEYWORDS: deepwater algae, mesophotic, Puerto Rico, tropical west Atlantic.
Three species of Antithamnion Naegeli were previously known from Natal, all reported since 1984. A more thorough collection of the flora in recent months has revealed that there are nine species in Natal, four of which are newly described. Vegetative characteristics are emphasized in this study of the taxonomy of Antithamnion, the most important being (1) size of axial cells, (2) form of whorl?branchlets, (3) size of whorl?branchlet basal cells, (4) size and shape of whorl?branchlet terminal cells, (5) size and position of gland cells, (6) primary or secondary derivation of indeterminate lateral branches, and (7) the relationship of primary indeterminate branches, if present, to normal arrangement of whorl?branchlets. Two closely related species, A. diminuatum Wollaston and A. eliseae sp. nov. have been grown in laboratory culture allowing for testing of stability and reliability of vegetative characteristics for use in taxonomic studies. Conclusions are that these criteria can be effectively used for these purposes. In addition to A. eliseae, A. nematocladellum, A. pterocladellum and A. adenocladellum also are described as new species. A tropical species previously known from the Caribbean and Red Seas, A. Iherminieri Nasr, a species previously recorded from Japan, A. secundum Itono, a species previously known from California and Japan, A hubbsii Dawson, and two species from Australia, A. diminuatum Wollaston and A. divergens (J. Agardh) J. Agardh, are also described from Natal.
Distributions of the North Atlantic representatives of the genera Antithamnion, Antithamnionella, Balliella, Pterothamnion and Scagelia are assessed based on re-examination of types and other collections. Ten species are recognized that fall within two distinct floristic elements; a warm temperate element comprising at least eight species of Antithamnion, Antithamnionella, Balliella, and Pterothamnion, and an Arctic-cold temperate element comprising only two species of Scagelia and Antithamnionella. Members of these floristic groups exhibit disjunct distributions or overlap within a narrow transitional area, in the eastern Atlantic Ocean extending from the northern British Isles to Trondheim.
The genera of the warm temperate element also occur in the Indo-Pacific Ocean, and have several endemic species in both regions. The occurrence in the North Atlantic Ocean may be explained by the westward migration of the ancient Tethyan flora into the young Atlantic and Mediterranean basins, and the subsequent isolation of these regions from the Indo-Pacific Ocean.
The two Arctic-cold temperate species are also present in the North Pacific Ocean (although only Scagelia occurs in the Arctic), and between Alaska and Baja California they co-occur with warm and cold temperate antithamnioids of the Pacific flora. The origins of these species remain speculative, although the presence of several closely related taxa (sister species?) suggests a Pacific origin for these two species.
Twenty species of Rhodophyta that have not previously been recorded for South Africa have been found on the coast of Natal. All but six species are new to the East African region, but have been recorded from other distant regions of the world. It is particularly noteworthy that fifteen of the twenty species were previously known to occur in Australia, six of the fifteen not having been found anywhere but in Australia before this time. An additional species, Dasyclonium incisum, has been known to occur only in Australia and New Zealand before this report. Two species, Anotrichium tenue and Wrangelia argus, are probably pan-tropical to subtropical species and a few others such as Halymenia dilatata, Sebdenia polydactyla, Symphyocladia marchantioides and Pterosiphonia spinifera may eventually be shown to belong in a similar category.
Seven taxa of benthic marine rodophytes are reported for the first time from the Brazil littoral: Acrochaetium corymbiferum (Thur. in Le Jolis) Batters, A. liagorae Børgesen, Aglaothamnion herveyi (M.Howe) Aponte, D.L. Ballant. & J.N. Norris, Crouanophycus latiaxis (L.A. Abbott) Athanas., Grallatoria reptans M.Howe and Gelidiella sanctarum Feldmann & Hamel. Gelidiopsis repens (Kütz.) Weber Bosse this is the new reference to the Atlantic Ocean. The material collected on mediolittoral and infralittoral was deposited in the Herbarium Alexandre Leal Costa (ALCB) at the Universidade Federal da Bahia. Reference to the original description, basionym, morphological description, geographical distribution and taxonomical comments are presented for each taxon studied.
In this third work concerning the marine algal flora of South-central Somalia. The species belonging to the Siphonocladales-Cladophorales complex are examined. The study of the material available, has led to the identification of 31 species. Most of them are recorded for the first time for the Somalian coast, due mainly to the only sporadic research previously carried out in this area. For each species, information on the localities where it occurs, notes on the morphology, geographical distribution and features of taxonomic interest. Are given. In questo terzo contributo, che segue quelli relativi al genere Caulerpa (SARTONI, 1978) ed ai generi Halimeda ed Udotea (SARTONI, 1979), vengono prese in esame le specie appartenenti ai due ordini delle Cladophorales e Siphonocladales. Lo studio del materiale disponibile, raccolto in varie località della Somalia centro-meridionale, ha portato alia identificazione di 31 specie, quasi tutte nuove per le coste somale in ragione delle sporadiche indagini floristiche effettuate in questo settore del bacino indo-pacifico. Oltre ad una sintetica descrizione morfologica, per ciascun reperto sono riportate le località di raccolta, eventuali note tassonomiche e brevi considerazioni sulla loro ecologia e distribuzione geografica.
Four species of the Ceramiaceae and one species of the Delesseriaceae are newly reported from North Carolina, USA. The genera to which they belong are also previously unknown in this region. Antithamnionella atlantica (Cabral de Oliveira) comb. nov. has been collected for the first time outside of its type locality in Brazil and Antithamnionella breviramosa (Dawson) Wollaston (syn. Antithamnion tristicum Joly et Yamaguishi) is reported for the first time in the western Atlantic Ocean. Antithamnionella flagellata (Børgesen) Abbott has previously been known only from Mauritius, St Croix and Belize. Callithamniella tingitana (Schousboe ex Bornet) Feldmann-Mazoyer, another taxon formerly known in the western Atlantic only from Brazil, is also reported and evidence is presented to support its retention in the genus Callithamniella. Calloseris halliae J. Agardh, previously known from only two specimens collected in Florida, is reported for the first time in this century and redescribed.
Specimens of Antithamnionella elegans (Berthold) Cormaci et Furnari (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) with an undescribed arrangement of whorl-branchlets (opposite and decussate) are recorded from the Mediterranean Sea. Comparisons of Antithamnionella elegans with Antithamnion sublittorale Setchell et Gardner and Antithamnionella breviramosa (Dawson) Wollaston ex Womersley et Bailey showed that these taxa are conspecific. The only significant difference among these taxa involves the arrangement of the whorl-branchlets; this is not considered sufficient to separate them as species, but only as varieties. The following varieties are proposed: Antithamnionella elegans v. elegans (syn. A. breviramosa), with usually three whorl-branchlets per whorl; A. elegans v. sublittoralis (Setchell et Gardner) comb. et stat. nov., with two distichous whorl-branchlets; A. elegans v. decussata var. nov., with two whorl-branchlets decussately arranged; A. elegans v. boergesenii var. nov., with four to five whorl-branchlets per whorl.
Specimens of Antithamnionella elegans (Berthold) Cormaci et Furnari (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) with an undescribed arrangement of whorl-branchlets (opposite and decussate) are recorded from the Mediterranean Sea. Comparisons of Antithamnionella elegans with Antithamnion sublittorale Setchell et Gardner and Antithamnionella breviramosa (Dawson) Wollaston ex Womersley et Bailey showed that these taxa are conspecific. The only significant difference among these taxa involves the arrangement of the whorl-branchlets; this is not considered sufficient to separate them as species, but only as varieties. The following varieties are proposed: Antithamnionella elegans v. elegans (syn. A. breviramosa), with usually three whorl-branchlets per whorl; A. elegans v. sublittoralis (Setchell et Gardner) comb. et stat. nov., with two distichous whorl-branchlets; A. elegans v. decussata var. nov., with two whorl-branchlets decussately arranged; A. elegans v. boergesenii var. nov., with four to five whorl-branchlets per whorl.
Thirty-two species, representing 11 tribes of Ceramiaceae, are recognized from collections made by G.F. Papenfuss and R.F. Scagel on the International Indian Ocean Expedition of 1962. Most species are recorded from the east coast of Africa between latitudes 4°8(southern Kenya) and 34°8 (southern South Africa), but three species are included from northern Madagascar and three from Western Australia. One new species, Ptilothamnion polysporum, is described and a specimen of Balliella subcorticata (Itono) Itono & Tanaka from central Mozambique extends the known distribution of this species. Recognition of a transition zone near the South Africa-Mozambique border is upheld.
Sete táxons de rodofíceas marinhas bentônicas são referidos pela primeira vez para o litoral brasileiro: Acrochaetium corymbiferum (Thur. in Le Jolis) Batters, A. liagorae Børgesen, Aglaothamnion herveyi (M. Howe) Aponte, D.L. Ballant. & J.N. Norris, Crouanophycus latiaxis (L.A. Abbott) Athanas., Grallatoria reptans M. Howe e Gelidiella sanctarum Feldmann & Hamel. Gelidiopsis repens (Kütz.) Weber Bosse é pela primeira vez referido para o Oceano Atlântico. As coletas foram realizadas no medio e infralitoral. O material está depositado no Herbário Alexandre Leal Costa. Referência da descrição original, basiônimo, descrição morfológica, distribuição geográfica e comentários taxonômicos são apresentados para cada táxon estudado.
Forty nine macroalgal species (7 Chlorophyta, 4 Phaeophyta and 38 Rhodophyta) are reported for the first time for the Banco de las Ánimas, at the southwest of Santa Marta City (Salamanca Gulf, Colombia). The collections were made between 20 and 30 m depth. The green alga Halimeda gracilis Harvey ex J. Agardh and the red ones Corynomorpha clavata (Harvey) J. Agardh, Cryptonemia sp., Acrothamnion butleriae (Collins) Kylin, Antithamnion ogdeniae Abbott, Antithamnionella breviramosa (Dawson) Wollaston in Womersley and Bailey, Hypoglossum simulans Wynne, Price et Ballantine and H. subsimplex Wynne, are new records for the Caribbean coast of Colombia. The floristic composition of the bank has a similarity of 81 % with the one present at the same depths in the Tayrona Natural National Park. Due to this characteristic and to the exuberance of certain species, the Banco de las Ánimas is considered a refuge, in which these plants avoid the herbivorous fishes and urchins of the shallow rock-coral reefs.
Seven species of marine algae in the Antithamnieae, (Antithamnion lherminieri, Antithamnion decipiens) and Dohrnielleae sensu Athanasiadis (Callithamniella tingitana, Dohrniella antillara, Antithamnionella breviramosa, Antithamnionella graeffei, and a new species, Antithamnionella bermudica) are reported from the Bermuda islands for the first time. Taxonomic and nomenclatural problems with certain of these species collected in deep water are discussed. Antithamnionella bermudica sp. nov. has a prostrate, mat-forming habit and a unique branching pattern of whorl-branches for the genus. Its recurved, secund whorl-branches are more reminiscent of certain species of Antithamnion, Perikladosporon, and Pterothamnion, but gland cell ontogeny and position show the new species to be best placed in Antithamnionella.
Twenty-one seaweeds new to Greece are reported from the south-eastern coast of the Sithonia Peninsula (North Aegean Sea). These are Gelidiella antipai Celan, Cruoriella armorica Crouan frat., Peyssonnelia bor-netii Boudour. et Deniz., Peyssonnelia crispata Boudour. et Deniz., Peyssonnelia dubyi Crouan frat., Peysson-nelia immersa Maggs et Irvine, Dermatolithon litorale (Sunes.) Hamel et Lemoine, Crouania francisci Cormaci et al. Antithamnion ogdeniae Abbott, Antithamnion cladodermum (Zanard.) Hauck, Antithamnion heterocladum Funk, Antithamnion tenuissimum (Hauck) Schiffner, Ptilothamnion pluma (Dillw.) Thur., Griffithsia phyllamphora J. Ag., Erythroglossum sandrianum (Kütz.) Kylin, Myriogramme distromatica Boudour., Lithoderma adriaticum Hauck, Myrionema liechtensternii Hauck, Myriotrichia repens Hauck, Streblonema sphaericum (Derb. et Sol.) Thur., and Codium vermilara (Olivi) Delle Chiaje. These species are discussed with notes on their morphology, taxonomy, ecology, and geographical distribution.
Antithamnion makroklonion sp. nov. is described from Elat, Gulf of Aqaba (Gulf of Elat) in the Red Sea, where vegetative, spermatangial, and tetrasporangial specimens were found growing in the upper sublittoral zone. The new alga belongs to a group of Antithamnion species characterized by distichous-alternate ramification of branches, sessile tetrasporangia, and decussately arranged laterals along the bearing axis. It shows a unique combination of distinctive features, including the proximal development of gland cells on elongate branchlets that overtop the parent branch. In addition to the characteristic position, and in contrast to congeners, gland cells of A. makroklonion often have a large and prominent cytoplasmic band and one or two vacuoles. Morphological features of A. makroklonion and eight related species are tabulated and the characteristics of the new species are discussed.
A total of 194 species of marine algae (14 Cyanobacteria, 41 Chlorophyta, 11 Heterokontophyta and 128 Rhodophyta), as well as three species of seagrasses, represent the first published records for the isolated island of Wallis, South Pacific. The flora has its strongest affinities with Fiji and Rotuma, followed by Samoa and French Polynesia. The lack of diverse habitats and its geographical location are invoked to explain the relatively low species richness compared with localities such as Fiji and Samoa. The flora has a typically tropical component dominated by encrusting coralline red algae, the calcified green algal genera Halimeda, and assemblages of Cyanobacteria. Normally ubiquitous species such as Halimeda discoidea, and the brown algal genera Hydroclathrus, Colpomenia, Rosenvingea, Asteronema, and Chnoospora are notably absent from the island, perhaps due to seasonality and the lack of suitable habitats. The minute epiphytic red alga Acrochaetium kurogii is reported for the first time outside of its type locality in Japan, while two as yet unidentified species of red algae (Gracilaria sp. and Sebdenia sp.) could represent new taxa if further useful material is found.
A catalogue of the marine benthic macroalgae of Fiji is provided. All records are fully referenced, and type localities and local distributions (accompanied by listings of voucher specimens) are provided. Taxonomic notes are also included where appropriate. Records from SUVA-A, UC and BISH examined by the authors, together with updates from recent publications, form the substance of the report. A total of 448 taxa are included, comprising 136 Chlorophyta, 46 Phaeophyta and 266 Rhodophyta. This represents an increase of 116 new records since 1996, of which 39 are newly reported by the authors, and the remainder are recently published records from the Suva Lagoon (29) and the Great Astrolabe Reef and Lagoon (48). Also included are a total of 36 nomenclatural changes made since 1996, a compilation of 33 uncertain records, and a list of 34 species with type localities in Fiji, Samoa and Tonga. Apart from the far more extensive region of Micronesia, the flora of Fiji is the richest in the south and central Pacific Islands.
Ten species of benthic algae, principally associated with
coral reef habitats, are newly reported for the Puerto
Rican marine flora. These include eight Rhodophyta:
Renouxia antillana, Lithophyllum congestum, Lithothamnion
occidentale, Metapeyssonnelia corallepida, Maripelta
atlantica, Pihiella liagoraciphila, Antithamnionella
graeffei, and Myriogramme prostrata; one Heterokontophyta:
Dictyota pfaffii; and one Chlorophyta: Caulerpa
nummularia. Maripelta atlantica and Myriogramme prostrata
are additionally reported for the Cayman Islands and
from Venezuela, respectively.
Fifty-one deep-water benthic species of Rhodophyta associated with the deep (> 30 m) fore-reef at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas are reported. Including species described based on our collections from Lee Stocking Island, 25 of these species are first reports from the Bahamas archipelago. Peyssonnelia abyssica sp. nov. and Perikladosporon abaxiale sp. nov. are newly described. Peyssonnelia abyssica is characterized by having a thin crust (to 5 cells and to 75 μm thick vegetatively), hypothallial filaments in broad fan-shaped arrangements, perithallial cells cut off at right angles to the hypothallus with the proximal perithallial cell giving rise to two simple files of cells, and a rara-avis -type of nemathecium in which very large (to 150 μm in length and to 90 μm in diameter) tetrasporangia are produced. Perikladosporon abaxiale is nearly entirely prostrate and possesses regularly opposite and equal lateral branchlets which are principally abaxially developed. Perikladosporon abaxiale is also recognized from submersible collections in Puerto Rico.
Our present knowledge of marine macroalgal diversity for the Central American Pacific coast is limited by the short history of investigations (ca. 100 years) and few algal spe-cialists through a large geographical area. While recent checklists have emerged for other regions of the eastern Pacific, there have been virtually no attempts to inventory macroalgal diversity for the Pacific of Central America. This checklist of the marine macroalgae was developed based on published scientific literature and unpublished records in stu-dent theses. A total of 379 species records are regarded as current valid names of marine macroalgae. The red algae (Rhodophyta) had the highest species number (252 species), followed by green algae (Chlorophyta: 81 species) and brown algae (Phaeophyceae: 46 species). The country with the greatest diversity of marine macroalgae is Costa Rica with 216 species, followed by Panama with 174, El Salvador with 146, Nicaragua with 24, and Guatemala with 16. At present, there are no published records for the Pacific coast of Honduras. Variation in number of species throughout the Pacific coast of Central America is likely due to differen-ces in geomorphology, habitat heterogeneity among national coastal-marine zones, and unbalanced research efforts.
Three species of Antithamnion Naegeli were previously known from Natal, all reported since 1984. A more thorough collection of the flora in recent months has revealed that there are nine species in Natal, four of which are newly described. Vegetative characteristics are emphasized in this study of the taxonomy of Antithamnion, the most important being (1) size of axial cells, (2) form of whorl-branchlets, (3) size of whorl-branchlet basal cells, (4) size and shape of whorl-branchlet terminal cells, (5) size and position of gland cells, (6) primary or secondary derivation of indeterminate lateral branches, and (7) the relationship of primary indeterminate branches, if present, to normal arrangement of whorl-branchlets. Two closely related species, A. diminuatum Wollaston and A. eliseae sp. nov. have been grown in laboratory culture allowing for testing of stability and reliability of vegetative characteristics for use in taxonomic studies. Conclusions are that these criteria can be effectively used for these purposes. In addition to A. eliseae, A. nematocladellum, A. pterocladellum and A. adenocladellum also are described as new species. A tropical species previously known from the Caribbean and Red Seas, A. lherminieri Nasr, a species previously recorded from Japan, A. secundum Itono, a species previously known from California and Japan, A hubbsii Dawson, and two species from Australia, A. diminuatum Wollaston and A. divergens (J. Agardh) J. Agardh, are also described from Natal.
Submersible observations and collections reveal that a probable relict reef off the west coast of Barbados has a rich cover of sponges, along with algae and scattered corals, on a substrate of algal nodules in a muddy-sand matrix. The collections provide new data on the distributions of these fauna. This relict reef is about 20 km long, has a relief of up to 10 m, and is established at a depth of 80 m. Relict shallow-water features in other areas at similar depths along with data from core holes drilled off the south coast of Barbados suggest that this reef was probably established about 12,000 years ago and existed for no more than 2,000 years, during the Holocene sea-level transgression.
The degree of similarity between red algal generic floras in each pair of 22 climatically defined biogeographic regions was established on a world-wide scale by Jaccard's similarity index and by an hierarchical clustering with an agglomerative centroid method. Two clusterings were carried out, the first one on the basis of all 637 genera, and the second one on the basis of genera not occurring in the tropics and non-endemic to any one of the 22 regioms (145 genera). This latter clustering served to detect better the relationships among non-tropical floras. The results indicate the following division of the earth's rhodophytan seaweed floras: (1) A rich tropical-warm temperate "Tethyan" group including the rich tropical Indo W Pacific and W Atlantic floras, and the rich warm temperate NW Pacific and NE Atlantic floras; (2) the depauperate extensions of the above group (the tropical E Pacific and E Atlantic floras, and the warm temperate NW and SW Atlantic floras); (3) a cold temperate and a warm temperate N Pacific group; (4) an Arctic-cold temperate N Atlantic group and a NE Atlantic warm temperate flora; (5) an Antarctic-cold temperate southern hemisphere group including the cold temperate SE Pacific, SW Atlantic, SE Atlantic floras, and the Antarctic flora; (6) the two highly individual, but slightly related warm temperate SE Atlantic flora (S. Africa) and SW Pacific flora (Southern Australia and Northern New Zealand); (7) the depauperate warm temperate SE Pacific flora. Although the northern and southern hemisphere temperate and polar floras are quite unrelated (on the basis of genera lacking in the tropics), they share nonetheless a number of cool water genera which apparently have succeeded in passing the adverse tropical belt. The rich tropical-warm temperate group is thought to consist of vicariant portions of a formerly continuous Tethyan flora. The N Pacific and N Atlantic temperate floras are thought to have developed independently since the Oligocene (~ 40.106 y) deterioration of the climate and to have partially mixed their cool water genera only after the Pliocene inundation (2.106 y) of the Bering Land Bridge. The warm-temperate floras of S Africa and southern Australia probably owe their richness and individuality to a very long isolation (already at the start of the Cenozoicum) and a continued residence in warm temperate conditions with small seasonal fluctuations.
Twelve taxa of marine algae from the eastern coast of Spain (Castellón, Valencia and Alicante) are listed, with references to their habitat and phenological aspects. Antithamnion antillanum y Pseudocrouania ischiana are news records for the Spanish mediterranean coast. Se señalan doce especies de algas para el litoral Levantino, con referencias sobre su hábitat y aspectos fenológicos. Destacan Antithamnion antillanum y Pseudocrouania ischiana citadas por primera vez en el litoral mediterráneo español.
From fifty-four dredge hauls between the 10- and 165-m depths in Hawaii twenty-one benthic algal species, mostly minute red algae, have been added to the Hawaiian flora. While 101 species are reported, no distinctive deep water flora, zonation or dominance by one phylum was found; however, some algae do seem to be deep water species. Animal and algal communities tend to be mutually exclusive with respect to dominance. The proportion of siphonous Chlorophyta is far less than in the Caribbean or the Pacific further west, and the lack of an appropriate biological habitat appears to be a factor relating to the low number of species found and to their paucity of absolute biomass. Substratum, biogeographic factors as well as motion and fertilizer content of the water, are postulated as significant in determining what species will be found at a given deep water site or, above their compensation depth, their presence at a given depth. In addition, it is felt that there is evidence that random variation i...
The southern Australian species of the tribe Crouanieae Schmitz (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) have been studied with particular reference to their taxonomy, relationships, and phytogeny; in all cases the type specimens have been examined.Three tribes, Crouanieae, Antithamnieae, and Heterothamnieae, can be recognized, including 16 genera, of which Euptilocladia, Macrothamnion, Tetrathamnion, Amoenothamnion, and Trithamnion are newly described, and 48species (26 newly described). Recognition of the subfamilies Crouanioideae and Ceramioideae, as defined by Hommersand (1963), is not supported by these studies.
Antithamnion cruciatum (C.Ag.) Näg. is reported from insular Newfoundland, its most northerly known location in North America. It exhibits a variable morphology occurring as the typical erect form, as a prostrate form, and as a fragmented form by which it perennates. Zonately divided sporangia containing four spores have been observed, but their function is unknown. Culture experiments show that the species grows at 10 °C and above, but fertility was not induced. Cytological studies indicate there is no genetic alternation of generations, and chromosome numbers suggest the population may be polyploid.
Nineteen species of marine algae are newly reported for Florida and the known range of 8 others is extended, with habitat notes, prefaced by a sketch of the history of the development of our knowledge of Florida marine algae.
Some marine algae from Mauritius. 111. Rhodophyceae ... Kgl. DallSke Vid ensk
- F B0rgesen
B0RGESEN, F. (1945) Some marine algae from Mauritius. 111. Rhodophyceae... Kgl. DallSke Vid ensk. Selskab. Bioi. Meddel., 19, 1-68.
Recherches sllr les Ceramia cees de la Mediterranee occidentale. 510 pp., 4 pis. Minerva publishers Comparative morphology and tax onomy of the Wrangelieae, Sphondylothamnieae, and Spermothamnieae (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta)
- G Alger
- E M Gordon
FELDMANN-MAZOYER, G. (1940) Recherches sllr les Ceramia cees de la Mediterranee occidentale. 510 pp., 4 pis. Minerva publishers, Alger. GORDON, E.M. (1972) Comparative morphology and tax onomy of the Wrangelieae, Sphondylothamnieae, and Spermothamnieae (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta). Aust. J. Bot., Suppl. No. 4, 1-180.
The genus Alltithamllion (Ceramiaceae) in southern Japan and adjacent waters-I
- H Itono
ITONO, H. (1969) The genus Alltithamllion (Ceramiaceae) in southern Japan and adjacent waters-I. Mem. Fac. Fish. Kagoshima Ulliv., 18, 29-45.
Studies on the Ceramiaceous algae (Rhodo phyta) from southern parts of Japan Bibliotheea Phyeo logia, 35, 498 pp., 72 figs Flora marinha do literal norte do estado de Sao Paulo e regioes circunvizinhas
- H J Itono
- Kramer
- Pub
- Vaduz
- A B Joly
ITONO, H. (1977) Studies on the Ceramiaceous algae (Rhodo phyta) from southern parts of Japan. Bibliotheea Phyeo logia, 35, 498 pp., 72 figs. J., Kramer, Pub!., Vaduz. JOLY, A. B. (1965) Flora marinha do literal norte do estado de Sao Paulo e regioes circunvizinhas. Bol. Fae. Fil. Ciellc. el Let., Ull iv. Siio Paulo, 294, (Bot. 21), 1-393.
Antithamnionel/a, a new genus of algae
- L Lyle
LYLE, L. (1922) Antithamnionel/a, a new genus of algae. J. Bot. London, 60, 346-50.
1870-1877) Essai de classification des Algues de la Guadeloupe Guadeloupe, publ. by the government. NASR, A.-H. (194 1) Some new and little known algae from th!
- H Maze
- A Schramm
MAZE, H. & SCHRAMM, A. (1870-1877) Essai de classification des Algues de la Guadeloupe, 2eme ed. 283 pp. Basse Terre, Guadeloupe, publ. by the government. NASR, A.-H. (194 1) Some new and little known algae from th!» Red Sea, Rev. Alg., 12, 57-76.
On the Wrangelia from Sado Island in the Japan Sea
- M Noda
NODA, M. (1964) On the Wrangelia from Sado Island in the Japan Sea. Sci. Rep. Niigata Univ., Ser D (Biology), 15-23.
Marine algae of the eastern tropical and sub-tropical coasts of the Americas The role of benthic algae in the shallow reef of Curac;; ao (Netherlands Antilles) III: The significance of grazing
- W Taylor
- Randolph
TAYLOR, W. RANDOLPH (1960) Marine algae of the eastern tropical and sub-tropical coasts of the Americas. 870 pp. Univ. Mich Press, Ann Arbor. WANDERS, J.B.W. (1977) The role of benthic algae in the shallow reef of Curac;; ao (Netherlands Antilles) III: The significance of grazing. Aquatic Botany, 3, 357-390.
Antithamnion and related genera occurring on the Pacific coast of North America
- E M Wollaston
WOLLASTON, E.M. (1971) Antithamnion and related genera occurring on the Pacific coast of North America. Sy esis, 4, 73-92.
Generic features of Alltithamnio/! (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) in the Pacific region
- E Wollaston
WOLLASTON, E. (1972) Generic features of Alltithamnio/! (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) in the Pacific region. Proc. VII In ternational Seaweed Sy mposium (Sapporo). (K. Nisi zawa, ed.) pp. 142-145. Univ. Tokyo Press, Tokyo. (Accepted 8 No vember 1978)