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Environmental Software Systems Volume 4, Second Edition
Abstract and Figures
This volume contains a newly compiled version of the Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Environmental Software Systems 2001 (ISESS 2001), published by the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) under ISBN 3-901882-14-6. The original version was a printed softcover book. This SECOND EDITION contains the scanned and OCR’ed proceedings as one document and has been produced with permission of the copyright holder, IFIP and IFIP WG5.11 “Computers and Environment”. The intention behind creating this SECOND EDITION was to make those volumes of ENVIRONMENTAL SOFTWARE SYSTEMS easily available on-line which are not available through a commercial publisher. This edition has been created based on a scan of an original book.
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Environmental Informatics (or Enviromatics) is a maturing subject with interdisciplinary roots in computer science, environmental planning, ecology, economics and other related areas. Its practitioners must be prepared to work with many diverse professional groups. It forms the foundation for computer-assisted environmental protection.
This book contains an edited version of papers presented at the 3rd International Symposium on Environmental Software Systems (ISESS '99), which was held at the University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, from August 30 to September 2, 1999, and was sponsored by the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP). The text is divided into six sections:
• Enviromatics - Introduction;
• Environmental Issues;
• Environmental Information Systems - Tools and Techniques;
• Environmental Information Systems - Implementations;
• Environmental Decision Support Systems;
• Specialised Topics.
This state-of-the-art volume will be essential reading for computer scientists and engineers, ecologists, and environmental planners and managers.
Data related to a certain natural area, e.g. the Mediterranean Sea, the Alps or the Danube river, is often collected at different sites in different countries. Taking the availability of public computer networks like the Internet into account, it comes to no surprise that public authorities, scientists, and the general public would like to access such data that is managed at different sites transparently and homogeneously. The creation of an appropriate information technology infrastructure raises several conceptual and technological questions, e.g., responsibilities of data collection and quality assurance, searching of inhomogeneous databases in a multilingual environment and technologies for distributed, heterogeneous, scalable information systems.
In this paper, we provide an analysis of the requirements for a distributed environmental information system and propose an adequate conceptual and technical system design based on a separate metadatabase indexed with a multilingual thesaurus, the World-Wide Web, downloadable applications, and distributed object standards among others.
A geographic information system is configured with a graphical user interface to enable the integration of expert analysis with public perceptions of information in a scenario based decision framework. The system, ASSESS — A System for SElecting Suitable Sites, requires clear problem definition to establish decision variables (criteria) which are addressed by: thematic data selection, interpretation of theme attributes to assign rating values; and arithmetic combination to generate scenarios.
GIS functionality is used to capture data, establish spatial alignment between themes and to rasterise all vector data. Theme based attribute tables are reviewed by experts to define initial sets of suitability ratings. System users then select themes and adjust ratings to represent their own knowledge and/or attitude assessments as decision scenarios. The system objective is to apply a selection sieve to identify areas with a high likelihood of satisfying site suitability and land use decision needs, in contrast to a quantitative analysis with its aim of an optimised outcome.
The system is fast, scalable from whole continents to small regions and provides a transparent, defensible and versatile decision support environment. The method’s application is outlined for site selection for radioactive waste disposal.
Relationale Datenbanken sind für die konsistente Datenhaltung sehr verbreitet. Dennoch sind bei manchen Anwendungen auch Nachteile des relationalen Konzeptes erkennbar.
Im speziellen trifft das bei Zeitreihenverarbeitung, wie sie im Umweltbereich häufig vorkommen, zu, wo mit Hilfe des relationale Modells nur unakzeptable Antwortzeiten, unökonomischen Speicherplatzbedarf und unbefriedigende Verknüpfbarkeit der Daten erreichbar sind.
Für die Realisierung von mehreren Luftgüte-Meßsystemen wurde ein System entwickelt, das es erlaubt, die Vorteile der marktüblichen relationalen Datenbanken zu nutzen, daneben aber einen effizienten Zugriff auf die Meßdaten und Verknüpfungen dieser Daten zu gewährleisten.
Effizienter Zugriff ist vor allem bei Zugriff auf die Meßdaten für Zwecke der Online-Visualisierung unverzichtbar. Um die Akzeptanz des Systems zu gewährleisten, werden maximale Bildaufschaltzeiten einschließlich des Datenzugriffes von wenigen Sekunden vom Benutzer erwartet.
Dieser Bericht sollte die Vor- und Nachteile eines relationalen Datenbank-systems für Zeitreihen-Verarbeitung aufzeigen und eine Lösung anhand der Implementierung UWEDAT®-Formula vorstellen.
This paper intends to develop a comprehensive and extensive numerical model to investigate and predict the fate and transport of radionuclides in shallow waters. The model consists of a two-dimensional vertically averaged hydrodynamic and transport model coupled with a three-dimensional time dependent model of the sediment bed and its properties. In order to describe the transport of suspended solids the model allows for an unlimited number of grain sizes comprised by the major groups, i.e., fine (zero settling speed), medium (moderate settling speed), and coarse (large settling speeds). The sediment bed is layered in the vertical direction to account for the varying age of the sediment, various states of compaction and the resulting variation in properties like bulk density and critical erosion shear stress. The model allows for 53 radionuclide isotopes to be accounted for both in their solute and particulate state. Calculations were made for two different setups in order to validate the sediment transport, which is the main means of transport for the radionuclides due to their adsorption to the solid material. These setups include a laboratory flume and a real river geometry, the lower Fox river, for both of which extensive measured data is available. In both cases very good agreement between the observation and computation was observed, thereby validating the model and the description of the underlying physical processes.
