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Antioxidant activity of Clitorea ternatea L. and Origanum vulgare L.: A comparative analysis

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Antioxidant activity of Clitorea ternatea L. and Origanum vulgare L.: A comparative analysis
Sharad Vats
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, P.O. Banasthali Vidyapith-304022, Rajasthan
(India)
vats_sharad@yahoo.co.in
Abstract: In the present work phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of leaves of Clitorea ternatea L. and
Origanum vulgare L. was evaluated. The Total Phenolic Content and Total Flavonoid Content of C. ternatea were
found to be less than O. vulgare. The results of antioxidant activity revealed that C. ternatea showed better DPPH
radical scavenging activity as compared to O. vulgare. Similar results were obtained for FRAP assay where ferric
reducing potential was more of C. ternatea than O. vulgare. This can be attributed to the different types and amount
of phenolics and flavonoids present in plant extract.
[Vats S. Antioxidant activity of Clitorea ternatea L. and Origanum vulgare L.: A comparative analysis.
Researcher 2014;6(11):56-58]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 8
Keywords: Clitorea ternatea; Origanum vulgare; phytochemicals; antioxidant activity
Introduction
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive
nitrogen species (RNS) initiate oxidation process and
affects metabolism of organisms. Overproduction of
these free radicals leads to severe pathological
conditions. Organisms possess antioxidants and
antioxidant enzymes to combat these free radicals but
external supplementation of antioxidants is equally
needed.
Plants have always been a favoured source of
medicine and bioactive compounds (Mathur et al.,
2007; Vats and Kamal, 2013; Vats and Kamal, 2014).
Vegetables, fruits and other plant based eatables
contain good amount of these compounds having
potential to neutralize the effect of free radicals.
Moreover, natural antioxidants are safer than
synthetic ones and thus, there is an upsurge in the use
and research of the same.
Clitorea ternatea L. (Fabaceae) is commonly
known as Butterfly pea. The roots, seeds and leaves
of the plant have been used as a brain tonic, which
enhances learning and memory (Taranalli and
Cheeramkuczhi, 2000; Mukherjee et al., 2007). The
roots have known to possess laxative and diuretic
properties and also used to treat indigestion, swollen
joint, and eye disorders (Anonymous, 1935).
Presence of pentacyclic triterpenoids and
antimicrobial flavonol glycosides has been reported
in roots (Yadav and Verma, 2003). Seeds have been
known to possess flavonol glycosides,
tetrahydroxyflavone and β-sitosterol. Flowers
contain anthocyanins ternatins, flavonoids
(Kaempferol, Quercetin and myricetin) and leaves β-
sitosterol and glycosides of kaempferol. Other
activities of the plant which have been scientifically
validated are antidepressant, tranquilizing, sedative,
Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and
antidiabetic activities (Mukherjee et al., 2008).
Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) is an
important aromatic plant commonly called as
oregano. Major essential oils detected in this plant are
γ-terpinene, α-terpinene, p-cymene and thymol
(Quiroga et al., 2013). Presence of apigenin, luteolin,
chrysoeriol, diosmetin, quercetin, eriodictyol,
cosmoside, vicenin-2, caffeic acid and rosmarinic
acid in the aerial parts of the plant has also been
reported (Koukoulitsa et al., 2006). The plant
possesses antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiviral
activity (Mancini et al., 2014). The present study
aims to investigate the antioxidant potential of C.
ternatea and O. vulgare in search of natural
antioxidants.
Materials and methods
Extraction
The test plants were collected locally. The
leaves were air-dried and finely powdered. 1 g
sample of both the experimental plants were extracted
in methanol in orbital shaker at 50°C overnight at 110
rpm. The extracts were filtered and kept at 4°C for
further use.
Total phenolic content (TPC)
The total phenolics were determined
colorimetrically according to the Folin-Ciocalteaeu
method (Vats, 2012) and expressed as gallic acid
equivalents (GAE as Mean ± S.D).
Total Flavonoid content (TFC)
Total flavonoid content was estimated using the
method of Vats and Tiwari (2014) and expressed as
quercetin equivalent (Mean ± S.D). Extracts (0.5 mL)
were mixed with 95% ethanol (1.5 mL), 10%
aluminum chloride (0.1 mL), 1M potassium acetate
(0.1 mL) and distilled water (2.8 mL). After
Researcher 2014;6(11) http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher
57
incubation at room temperature for 30 min, the
absorbance of the reaction mixture was measured at
415 nm.
DPPH assay
Plant extracts (1ml) were mixed with 1ml of 0.3
mM DPPH reagent and allowed to stand at room
temperature for 30 minutes in dark. The absorbance
was taken at 517nm. Radical scavenging activity was
expressed as IC 50 (Mean ± S.D) value (Vats et al.,
2012).
FRAP
25ml of acetate buffer (300 mM), 2.5ml TPTZ
solution (10mM in 40 mM HCl) and 2.5ml
FeCl3.6H2O solution (20mM) was mixed to make
working solution. 50μl of sample extract was mixed
with 1.5ml of FRAP reagent and monitored up to 5
min at 593nm. Absorbance was compared with
calibration curve of aqueous solution of known Fe
(II) concentration (μM/L). Values are expressed as
Mean ± S.D (Vats and Alam, 2013).
Results and discussions
The total phenolic content in C. ternatea and O.
vulgare was found to be 204±1.2 and 247.91±0.09 µg
GAE/mg of extract, respectively. The total flavonoid
content was found to be less than the total phenolic
content. TFC was estimated to be 80 µg/mg of extract
in C. ternatea and 108 µg/mg of extract in O. vulgare
(Fig. 1). Phenolic compounds and flavonoids possess
good antioxidant potential. Consumption of these
phytocompounds helps in lowering the adverse effect
of free radicals in the body. These compounds apart
from being potential antioxidants have also reported
to be useful in combating several diseases (Ross and
Kasum, 2002).
The DPPH scavenging activity revealed that C.
ternatea had better activity than O. vulgare with IC50
value 480±1.5 µg/ml and 595±0.08 µg/ml,
respectively (Fig. 2). DPPH assay is a simple and
convenient method to determine the antioxidant
potential of plant extract. The IC50 value is the
concentration of the plant extract which inhibits the
initial DPPH concentration to 50%. Like DPPH
activity the ferric reduction activity was observed to
be more in C. ternatea (1600 µM/L) as compared to
O. vulgare (1310 µM/L). The antioxidant potential of
both the test plants can be attributed to the phenolic
and flavonoid contents (Vats and Alam, 2013).
Phenolic compounds adverse effect of free radicals
and enhance activity of antioxidative enzymes. The
results suggest that the test plants possess good
phenolic contents and antioxidant potential which
make them a better source of dietary antioxidants but
with proper validation.
Fig. 1: TPC and TFC (µg/mg of extract) of the test
plants
Fig. 2: DPPH activity (µg/ml) and FRAP activity
(µM/L) of the test plants
Corresponding Author:
Dr. Sharad Vats
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology
Banasthali University
P.O. Banasthali Vidyapith-304022
Rajasthan (India)
e-mail: vats_sharad@yahoo.co.in
References
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Researcher 2014;6(11) http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher
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unexplored bryophyte. Elixir Applied Botany
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efficacy. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture
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16. Yadav RN, Verma V. Antimicrobial activity of
a novel flavonol glycoside isolated from the
roots of Clitoria ternatea Linn. Asian Journal of
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11/5/2014
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