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Physical Exercise and Psychological Well-Being
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This study was contextualised within a public health model of mental health promotion, with psychological well-being conceptualised as the positive component of mental health and physical exercise conceptualised as a subset of physical activities aimed at improving health and well-being. The research investigated the relationship between regular physical exercise over a period of two to six months and psychological well-being in 26 exercisers at health clubs in the Richards Bay area of South Africa. Psychological well-being was measured by a Well-being Profile, composed of well-being components of mood, lifestyle, satisfaction with life, sense of coherence, fortitude, stress management, coping and total well-being score. Regular exercise was defined as meeting the criterion of exercising for an average of 30 minutes a day at least three times a week. The main findings were that regular exercise was associated with significant improvements in total well-being score and especially in the well-being components of mood, sense of coherence, fortitude, stress and coping. These findings are discussed in terms of their significance for the promotion of public health in general and mental health in particular.
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... This cyclical relationship between psychological well-being, seasonal sensitivity and exercise is a determining factor, taking into account that the study area is one of the southernmost in the world with a high rate of tourism and, therefore, with a greater flow of people, since seasonal light changes can generate variations in their previous psychological well-being [41]. It is important to raise awareness about the benefits of physical activity in these settings, to avoid or reduce the impact of SS on psychological well-being. ...
... It is important to raise awareness about the benefits of physical activity in these settings, to avoid or reduce the impact of SS on psychological well-being. In a study carried out in South Africa, where seasonal changes are not so drastic, regular exercise was associated with significant improvements in the total well-being score and especially in the well-being components of mood and sense of coherence, which demonstrates the importance of these practices in the general population [41]. ...
Physical activity can prevent many organic and mental pathologies. For people living in extreme southern high-latitude environments, weather conditions can affect these activities, altering their psychological well-being and favoring the prevalence of seasonal sensitivity (SS). This study aims to determine the relationships between the practice of physical activity, seasonal sensitivity and well-being in people living in high southern latitudes. A cross-sectional study was conducted , using the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ), applying a psychological well-being scale, and determining sports practice according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) for the 370 male (n = 209; 55%) and female (n = 173; 45%) participants. The main results indicated that 194 people (52 ± 7.7 years) reported physical activity. High-intensity physical activity practitioners recorded a significantly lower proportion of SS. In terms of psychological well-being, an adverse effect was found between the Seasonal Score Index (SSI) and five subcategories of the Ryff well-being scale. In conclusion, those who perform high-intensity physical activity have a lower SS, and those who have a higher SS have a lower psychological well-being.
... There is a plethora of research indicating the positive relation between physical activity and psychological well-being [12,19]. Steven and Heidi (2004) studied vigorous physical activity and its relation was studied among a sample of Canadian college students. ...
... Teychenne and colleagues reported a number of guidelines for physical activity and mental health such as dose, type, life domain, psychosocial and contextual factors, as well as sedentary behavior, all of which all vital to consider achieving a healthier lifestyle. Students who reportedly exercised more than their peers also reported lower perceived stress, which is in line with previous studies [12]. In fact, exercise is well-known to be one intervention in reduction of stress and stress management due to the physiological impacts exercise leaves in the body [13]. ...
This research aims at examining the relationship between physical activity and perceived psychological stress among Sultan Qaboos University students with some variables using specific questionnaires designed for the purpose of this study. The sample included 222 male and female students from different science and humanities colleges (2018-2019 summer academic enrollment). The findings showed that the majority of the students expressed a medium level of physical activity (48.9%) and moderate psychological stress (50%). Significant relationships between the physical activity, gender and college (scientific versus humanities) were found. However, gender and college did not significantly correlate with students' reported psychological stress. Significant relationship was found between physical activity and reported psychological stress among students with high level of physical activity as they were more likely to express low level of psychological stress. Findings also found that psychological pressure levels could be predicted by physical activity levels.
... Previously, various interventions have been carried out in previous studies to develop and improve psychological well-being conditions such as; art therapy (Bennington et al., 2016), wisdom therapy & well-being therapy (Fava & Ruini, 2014), cognitive happiness-increasing practice, activity effects (Joseph & Linley, 2004), physical exercise (Edwards, 2006;Hassmen et al., 2000;Scully et al., 1998), and wellness counseling (Granello & Witmer, 2013). Of the many interventions that can be done to improve students' psychological well-being, the wellness counseling model is considered the most appropriate to improve students' psychological wellbeing. ...
The changes in the learning system during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia affected the psychological well-being of students. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the wellness group counseling to improve students’ psychological well-being at the Madrasah Tsanawiyah in Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia. Psychological well-being in this research is defined as the functioning of individual psychological aspects as indicated by self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life and personal growth. This research uses quantitative approach. It adopted quasi-experimental pre-test post-test control group design and the instrument was adapted from Ryff and Singer (1996). The population of the research is the 8th grade students of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Assa’idiyyah Cianjur Class of 2021/2022 academic year and 14 students as samples with purposive sampling. The research result showed that the wellness group counseling has a significant influence to improve the psychological well-being of the students.
... Doğru tespit edilmiş olan ve düzenli olarak yapılan egzersizler özellikle organizmanın sağlık ve bir bütün olarak iyi oluş üzerine etkisi değerli olduğu bilinmektedir (33). Bu alanda yapılan birçok çalışmada bakıldığında, düzenli ve dengeli egzersizin psikolojik olarak iyi oluş ve mental sağlığın üzerine olan etkisi kanıtlanmış olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır (Edwards, 2006). ...
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... Doğru tespit edilmiş olan ve düzenli olarak yapılan egzersizler özellikle organizmanın sağlık ve bir bütün olarak iyi oluş üzerine etkisi değerli olduğu bilinmektedir (33). Bu alanda yapılan birçok çalışmada bakıldığında, düzenli ve dengeli egzersizin psikolojik olarak iyi oluş ve mental sağlığın üzerine olan etkisi kanıtlanmış olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır (Edwards, 2006). ...
... According to the Guidelines of Healthy China Initiative 2019-2030, regular physical activity was defined as exercising more than three times per week of moderate-intensity physical activity lasting at least 30 min [56]. This definition was also applied in other studies [57,58]. Basing on this criterion, if the participants respond "4" and above to the two items, it means that he/she is a person with regular exercise, and we can divide the participants into regular exercise group and no exercise group. ...
Investigating the relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and impulsivity will benefit our understanding of the concept of problematic pornography use (PPU), and revealing predisposing and malleable moderators of PPU will be beneficial for its prevention and intervention. The current study not only aimed to observe these relationships, but also explored the potential moderating role of physical exercise in the general population. A total of 600 Chinese adults (Mage = 32.31, SDage = 12.40, 39.8% women) were recruited and completed an online survey. The results showed that participants with regular exercise scored lower than those without exercise on ADHD, impulsivity, and PPU (all ps < 0.001). Using latent moderated structural equations (LMS), the findings revealed that the relationship between ADHD symptoms and PPU was mediated by impulsivity, and physical exercise moderated this relationship (B = −0.14, p = 0.048). Specifically, when individuals’ physical exercise was higher than 0.84 standard deviations above the mean, the positive predictive effect of impulsivity on PPU was not significant. These findings indicate the important role of impulsivity in the relationship between ADHD and PPU, and physical exercise could be a meaningful component of interventions among individuals experiencing PPU.
Exercise dependence is described as exercise which is harmful if engaged compulsively and excessively. The present study aims to investigate differences in categories of exercise behaviours and areas of body esteem in gym-goers in India across genders. The study used a cross-sectional design, and the sample consisted of 291 gym-goers (females = 146; males = 145) The Exercise Dependence Scale- 21 (EDS-21) and Body Esteem Scale-Revised (BES-R) was administered to the gym-goers in India after seeking informed consent. The obtained data were statistically analysed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance. The results of the study indicated that there was a significant difference in the three categories of exercise behaviours and three areas of body esteem in male gym-goers. However, such similar differences were not found in female gym-goers. The differences found in body esteem for the male gym-goers in certain areas suggest how exercise has an impact on body image. For female gym-goers, we can see that irrespective of the category they belong to, there is no difference in the areas of body esteem. We can understand such findings with the sociocultural model of excessive exercise given by White and Halliwell (DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.02.002) where perceived sociocultural pressure predicts excessive exercise, which is mediated by body image. Strengths and limitations of the study are discussed. Future research in India based on qualitative and longitudinal designs are warranted.
Stress, isolation, sadness, anxiety, relationship issues, loss of a loved one, sorrow, suicidal thoughts, addiction, mood disorders, and a wide range of other mental diseases, as well as learning difficulties, can all take a toll on a person's mental health. Counseling, therapy, and medication are all tools in the toolbox of therapists, psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, nurse practitioners, and doctors for the treatment of mental health issues. Hundreds of thousands of people have lost their employment as a result of the recent economic turmoil, which has been caused by downsizing, layoffs, mergers, and bankruptcies. Those who have lost their jobs may experience physical disease, marital strife, anxiety, sadness, and even suicidal thoughts as a result of the stress they are under. What time you wake up in the morning, who you see, and what you can afford to do all change when you lose your work. This article's goal is to help readers learn the fundamentals of treating stress and taking the steps they need to take to reduce their own stress levels.
The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based physical exercise program on university students’ psychological well-being and life satisfaction. In the study, a randomized control group pre-test, post-test, and follow-up test design was used. The study group consisted of 60 students (30 in an experimental group and 30 in a control group) continuing their education in different faculties of a foundation university during the Covid-19 pandemic in Turkey. A personal information questionnaire, Psychological Well-Being Scale and Life Satisfaction Scale were used to collect the study data. The Mindfulness-Based Physical Exercise Program was implemented in the experimental group, once a week for 8 sessions. The results suggested significant differences between the psychological well-being and life satisfaction post-test scores of the experimental and control groups in favor of the experimental group. In the sub-dimensions of psychological well-being, significant differences were found between the experimental and control groups in post-test scores of environmental mastery, personal growth, and purpose in life. There was no significant difference between the psychological well-being, positive relationships with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and self-acceptance sub-dimensions except personal growth sub-dimensions, and life satisfaction post-test and follow-up test scores of the university students in the experimental group. In the post-test comparisons of two groups, a significant difference was found between total psychological well-being, environmental mastery, personal growth, purpose in life, and self-acceptance, in favor of the experimental group.
Identifying the factors that contribute to differential vulnerability in the face of adversity is key to psychology fulfilling its mandate as a helping profession. One such factor, fortitude, which is described as the psychological strength to manage adversity and to stay well, has consistently been linked to psychological well-being. The objective of the research was to statistically integrate studies examining the relationship between fortitude and the indices of psychological well-being by using a meta-analysis. We used a random-effects model for the meta-analysis. In addition to the overall effect size, we examined publication bias and the moderating role of age and methodological quality. We also performed a subgroup analysis to compare between studies with positive and negative indicators of psychological well-being. In addition, we used robust variance estimation to account for effect-size dependencies, as some studies have reported more than one correlation coefficient. A total of 13 studies reporting 35 correlation coefficients pertaining to the relationship between fortitude and the indices of psychological well-being were extracted. The meta-analysis revealed a significant overall effect ( r = .44, p < .001). The results also indicated that age and methodological quality did not influence the effect size. Subgroup analysis indicated that the overall effect size for studies that used positive indicators ( r = .49, p < .001) was higher than that for studies that used negative indicators ( r = .36, p < .001). In addition, no visual or statistical evidence of publication bias was observed. The robust variance estimation results also confirmed that the effect-size dependencies did not influence the overall effect size. The study results provide strong evidence regarding the association between fortitude and psychological well-being. This finding has several implications for promoting mental health and suggests that interventions aimed at building fortitude can be leveraged to mitigate psychological distress.
Objective:
To encourage increased participation in physical activity among Americans of all ages by issuing a public health recommendation on the types and amounts of physical activity needed for health promotion and disease prevention.
Participants:
A planning committee of five scientists was established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine to organize a workshop. This committee selected 15 other workshop discussants on the basis of their research expertise in issues related to the health implications of physical activity. Several relevant professional or scientific organizations and federal agencies also were represented.
Evidence:
The panel of experts reviewed the pertinent physiological, epidemiologic, and clinical evidence, including primary research articles and recent review articles.
Consensus process:
Major issues related to physical activity and health were outlined, and selected members of the expert panel drafted sections of the paper from this outline. A draft manuscript was prepared by the planning committee and circulated to the full panel in advance of the 2-day workshop. During the workshop, each section of the manuscript was reviewed by the expert panel. Primary attention was given to achieving group consensus concerning the recommended types and amounts of physical activity. A concise "public health message" was developed to express the recommendations of the panel. During the ensuing months, the consensus statement was further reviewed and revised and was formally endorsed by both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine.
Conclusion:
Every US adult should accumulate 30 minutes or more of moderate-intensity physical activity on most, preferably all, days of the week.
This paper follows a project undertaken by the University of Zululand in conjunction with local
organisations. A description of the Zululand Mental Health Community Psychology Programme provides an example of progress through partnerships between the University and those groups. It also examines the mental health model in relation to the social action, organisational, ecological and phenomenological models of community psychology in the Zululand context. A holistic, community psychological mental health model is introduced, based on promotion and prevention models
The main purpose of this chapter is to develop and illustrate the concept of “routes to psychological wellness,” which, I believe, has much orienting value in framing fruitful questions for psychologists and others to pose and fruitful activities for psychologists and others to undertake. I use the term to identify what Rappaport (1987) called the phenomena of interest, i.e., “the entire class of phenomena that we want our research to undertake, predict, explain or describe; that we want our applications and interventions to stimulate, facilitate or create; and our social policies to encourage” (p. 129)
The psychometric properties of Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence (SOC) Scale were examined. Subjects (N = 374) completed the SOC scale and a battery of theoretically relevant questionnaires. Principal-components analysis with a Varimax-Promax rotation produced a solution with 5 factors, which were further reduced to 1 factor, suggesting that the SOC scale is a unidimensional instrument. Additional analyses indicated satisfactory internal consistency as well as test-retest reliability at 1 and 2 weeks. Evidence for the validity of the SOC scale was obtained in that nonclinical subjects obtained higher SOC scores than did clinical subjects. Additional validity evidence was provided by negative correlations between SOC scores and self-reports of (a) perceived stress, (b) trait anxiety, and (c) current depression. Discriminant evidence for the validity of the SOC scale was mixed.
This article reports the development and validation of a scale to measure global life satisfaction, the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Among the various components of subjective well-being, the SWLS is narrowly focused to assess global life satisfaction and does not tap related constructs such as positive affect or loneliness. The SWLS is shown to have favorable psychometric properties, including high internal consistency and high temporal reliability. Scores on the SWLS correlate moderately to highly with other measures of subjective well-being, and correlate predictably with specific personality characteristics. It is noted that the SWLS is suited for use with different age groups, and other potential uses of the scale are discussed.
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