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Rational Use of Drugs in Broiler Meat Production
Abstract
Poultry play a pivotal role in bridging the protein gap of animal origin in most countries of the world. Besides, prophylactic vaccination programmes, poultry production in Pakistan largely depends upon the use of antibiotics, coccidiostats and arsenicals. Due to indiscriminate use and unawareness of the withdrawal periods of drugs, the treated birds (broilers) are known to possess their residues in meat. Such meat is undoubtedly unfit for human consumption and poses serious threats to consumers' health. This paper describes the antibiotics/drugs commonly used in broiler production, factors leading to the occurrence of residues, potential hazards to human health, and their possible solutions.
... Due to the presence of essential of substantial amounts of amino acids and the higher palatability, animal-based food products have a significant value in daily human diets (Mumtaz et al., 2000). In Sri Lanka poultry industry is a major subsector in livestock farming where broiler chicken meat is considered as one of the main outputs (De Silva, 2012). ...
Antibiotics are broadly being used in poultry industry where the residual effect and antibiotic resistance have become major environmental impacts. In this study, a questionnaire survey was carried out with thirty three buyback farmers and employees of closed house farms from six broiler chicken producers in Sri Lanka.
Eighty four whole birds were randomly selected at processing plants and tested for antibiotic residues in liver, kidney and breast, using the Six Plate Assay method (SPA). Litter samples from twenty five farms were cultured in Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) with 3 treatments; T1: TSA+0 ppm Antibiotics, T2: TSA+10 ppm Enrofloxacine and T3: TSA+10 ppm Tetracycline. The survey revealed that the managers and supervisors of the closed house farms and the buyback farmers had a substantial knowledge on antibiotics and their adverse effect whereas the laborers of closed houses were not well aware. All the litter samples contained resistant bacterial populations where the Tetracycline resistant population was always higher (P<0.05) than that of
Enrofloxacine. The broiler meat was free from detectable amounts of antibiotic residues. In conclusion, broiler chickens (meat, livers and kidneys) of the surveyed producers were free from antibiotic residues.
However, broiler litter samples consisted of antibiotic resistant bacterial populations.
... Due to the presence of essential of substantial amounts of amino acids and the higher palatability, animal-based food products have a significant value in daily human diets (Mumtaz et al., 2000). In Sri Lanka poultry industry is a major subsector in livestock farming where broiler chicken meat is considered as one of the main outputs (De Silva, 2012). ...
... The antibiotic residues are determined by the method of HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) (Sadeghi and Jahani, 2013;Aslam et al., 2016). The presence of antibiotic residues in different parts of chicken is against the government policies and regulations of Pakistan (Mumtaz et al., 2000). ISSN: 0228 -2792[Samra* et al., Vol. ...
Antibiotics are broadly used in the poultry industry globally. Many antimicrobial agents have
been practiced for a long to protect the animal's health and enhance their productivity. These
agents may often be added to the animal’s food as growth promoters. Food-producing animals
are the main source of protein; unfortunately, edible meat has a high concentration of drug
residues which may cause detrimental effects on consumer’s health. To investigate the
presence of veterinary drugs in food items such as chicken meat, the present study was
conducted with the main aim to evaluate the residual concentration of four universally used
antibiotics in muscle and liver samples of broilers. The quantitative detection for antibiotics
was performed by using the method of HPLC. The obtained results showed the misuse of drugs
or lack of application of antibiotics in the recommended withdrawal period. Samples that
contained residue levels of Amoxicillin, Oxytetracycline, Enrofloxacin, and Tylosin higher
than maximum residues limits (MRLs) were 80% in broiler and 20% in indigenous, while some
samples were below the permissible limits. This contamination in chicken meat needs to
develop legislation about residue levels before marketing in Balochistan. As well as the regular inspection of poultry farms is necessary to inform the farmers about the hazardous effects of antibiotics on human health.
... observed at therapeutic doses Berends et al. [51] though ELISA tests for analysis of beta-lactams antibiotics prolonged ingestion of tetracycline present in the broiler have been reviewed recently [61]. The sample that is meat has detrimental effects on teeth and bones in screened for antibiotic content is incubated with growing children [52]. ...
The use of veterinary antibiotics in food-producing animals has the potential to generate residues in animal derived products. There are many factors influencing the occurrence of residues in animal products such as distribution, metabolism and excretion of antibiotics, improper withdrawal period and extra label use of antibiotics. Even trace number of residues in food of animal origin may superimpose to a public health impacts to the consumer. Stringent control strategies mainly development of bio control measures, applications of alternative and good hygienic practices over the underhanded use of antibiotics are some of positive approaches to safeguard the public health and to protect the currently available antibiotics for future clinical uses. There is limited information on the magnitude of veterinary antibiotic residues worldwide particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia in spite of its public and animal health impacts. Hence, the objective of this review paper was to bridge information gap regarding antibiotic residues, impacts on public health and its mitigating approaches. Extensive work should be carried out to elucidate the magnitude of the problem and mitigate the occurrence of veterinary antibiotic residues mainly through applying the risk management strategies and enhancing the awareness of animal health professionals with regard to industrial, microbiological and toxicological effects of antibiotic residue.
... The presence of antibiotic residues in food stuff can cause hazards to human health. These hazards are such as allergy and sensitivity to the antibiotics, in addition to intestinal micro flora disturbance and imbalance, antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria may also results (Mumtaz et al., 2000 andMyllyniemi et al., 2000). ...
It is very important to achieve the safety and sanitary quality of the meat as the presence of antibiotic residues in food stuff can cause hazards to human so that the aim of this study is evaluation the level of enrofloxacin residues in chicken meat and giblets and the effect of different cooking methods on reduction of these levels. One hundred and twenty random samples of chicken breast, thigh, gizzard and liver (30 of each) were collected from different chicken slaughter shops located in Menoufia government for evaluation of their enrofloxacin residues. The collected samples were examined by using microbiological inhibition technique (MIT) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in addition to the effect of heat treatment (boiling, grilling and frying) on these residues was studied. The obtained results revealed that the incidence of enrofloxacin residues in chicken breast, thigh, gizzard and liver were 13.33%, 16.67%, 26.67% & 40% by MIT and13.33%, 20%, 30% & 43.33% by HPLC, respectively. The results indicated that 85% of the examined samples not exceeded the MRL of enrofloxacin residues. The reduction% of enrofloxacin levels in thigh muscle samples was 28.3%, 17.8% &11.2by boiling57.4%, 43.6% &35.2%by fryingand69.5%, 62.4% & 47.7% by grilling of such samples. The public health significance and some recommendations to control such antibiotic residue in chicken tissues for human safety were discussed.
(PDF) ENROFLOXACIN RESIDUES IN CHICKEN MEAT AND GIBLETE. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343116290_ENROFLOXACIN_RESIDUES_IN_CHICKEN_MEAT_AND_GIBLETE [accessed Apr 09 2024].
... The veterinary drug residues in broiler products can potentially be transmitted to humans via consumption of contaminated edible tissues and may lead to several pathological implications that are considered as major health issues. Broiler chicken meat products contaminated with drug residues may pose serious public health hazards in the form of antibiotic-resistant bacteria formation, allergic manifestations, or alteration of useful microflora of digestive tract to no microflora and/or harmful or non-healthy microflora [30]. For instance, residual β-lactams, including cephalosporin and penicillin, have been reported to cause dermatitis, cutaneous eruptions, anaphylaxis, and gastrointestinal symptoms in humans via ingestion of contaminated poultry products [31]. ...
Analyses of 90 fresh, frozen, processed broiler chicken meat and meat products available in Omani markets revealed no violative residues of Antibiotics (Streptomycin, Tetracycline, Sulfamethazine, Sulfamethoxazole), antibacterial (Triclosan), pesticides (2,4 D, DDE/DDT, Alachlor, Organophosphate), melamine, macrolide, ß-Lactam, Chloramphenicol, Sulphur drugs, and Gentamicin residues. There were three violative residues of anabolic steroids (Progesterone, Testosterone, and Estrogen) in broiler meat products. The residues of anabolic steroids were above the maximum residual limits (MRLs). However, the trace of their chemical compounds in broiler chicken meat products may have adverse effects on human health.
... When antimicrobial drug residues transmitted to humans through the consumption of contaminated edible tissues, these residues lead to several pathological implications that are considered as major health hazards. A lot of essential antibiotics are employed during poultry production in several countries, threatening the safety of such products (through antimicrobial residues) and the increased possibility of development and spread of microbial resistance in poultry settings [16]. In addition, indiscriminate employment of antimicrobial agents increases the dissemination of resistance against multiple drugs in food-borne bacteria and/or human pathogens, leading to loss of effectiveness of antibiotics against poultry, animals, and human ailments [17]. ...
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of discriminate and indiscriminate use of oxytetracycline on hematological parameters, residual status in soft tissue of broiler and of thermal effect on oxytetracycline residual status.
Materials and Methods: Eighteen, day-old male broiler chickens were purchased and were divided into three different groups (control group, discriminate group, and indiscriminate group). The control group received no antibiotics. The discriminate group received oxytetracycline 1 g/L drinking water for 5 consecutive days, and 10 days' withdrawal period was maintained before sacrifice. The indiscriminate group received oxytetracycline 1 g/L drinking water till the sacrificed day. Blood samples were collected before sacrificing for hematological analysis. After sacrificing liver, kidney, spleen, and muscle samples were collected for analysis of oxytetracycline residues in raw soft tissues. Since meat is used to cook by traditional method in Bangladesh before consumption that is why positive meat samples were cooked by traditional cooking method to evaluate the thermal effect on oxytetracycline residual status as well. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was done for screening of oxytetracycline residues in soft tissues.
Results: Mean differences of total erythrocyte count (million/mm3), hemoglobin estimation (gm%), and packed cell volume (%) estimation were not statistically significant among the groups. TLC analysis of raw samples showed 100% positive results of all samples collected from the indiscriminate group. In contrast, samples collected from the discriminate group were negative for oxytetracycline residues. In the control group, all samples were negative for oxytetracycline residue. There was a significant (p
... Due to the presence of essential of substantial amounts of amino acids and the higher palatability, animal-based food products have a significant value in daily human diets (Mumtaz et al., 2000). In Sri Lanka poultry industry is a major subsector in livestock farming where broiler chicken meat is considered as one of the main outputs (De Silva, 2012). ...
... In food matrices, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is used for the determination of antibiotic residues (Sadeghi and Jahani, 2013;Aslam et al., 2016). In Pakistan, availability of excessive amount of antibiotic residues in meat is due to lack of enforcement of regulation by government (Mumtaz et al., 2000). There is no proper detection system, which can determine the level of antibiotics in animals and public in a short period. ...
Antibiotics are widely used in the poultry industry to enhance the health and
productivity of flocks which may have adverse effects on consumer’s health. It is
necessary to screen food products from animal origin for antimicrobial residues to
safeguard the consumer’s health. The present study was aimed to detect florfenicol
(FF) residues in meat and egg samples of layer birds. For this purpose 150 meat and
eggs samples were collected in equal ratio. High performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine residual concentration of FF in
meat and egg samples at wavelength of 223 nm. Ethyl acetate and phosphate buffer
saline solution were used for extraction of FF from the samples. The mobile phase
contained acetonitrile and water (27:73 v/v). Mean residual concentrations of FF as
61.56±13.19 and 281.08±57.46 µg/kg in meat and egg samples was detected. This
study also showed that 80% (60) meat and 72% (54) egg samples were FF residue
positive, out of these 86.7% (52) meat and 55.6% (30) egg samples were found to
have residual concentrations above maximum residual limits. This contaminated
meat may cause public health issues. There is a need to develop legislation about
residual concentration of drugs in animal food products in Pakistan as well as to
inform formers about the detrimental effects of drug residues on human health.
... In Pakistan, this farming system is very common providing income as well as high-quality protein to rural peoples. Whereas commercial farming in Pakistan uses small amounts of in-feed antibiotics in broiler and layer chickens for growth promotion [15]. However, using antibiotics in food animals increased the prevalence of resistant bacterial strains, posing serious threats to human health [16]. ...
In commercial farming, frequent use of antimicrobial agents probably results in the occurrence of resistance in bacterial flora present in the gastrointestinal tract. Backyard/free range chicken farming is known as a typical example of backyard farming. This kind of poultry farming differs in many ways from commercial poultry farming, e.g., in feeding regimes, antibiotic use, and access to outdoor areas. This survey investigated if these differences affect the antimicrobial resistance patterns of enteric bacteria isolated from liver samples of commercial broilers and backyard chickens. For this purpose, enteric bacteria from the family Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from livers of commercial broiler and backyard chickens in Pakistan and were screened for their antimicrobial resistance. Antibiogram results revealed that the number of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Klebsiella were higher in commercial broilers as compared to backyard chickens. The isolates from commercial broilers showed a higher percentage resistance as compared to backyard chickens for nine antibiotics (viz., ampicillin, doxycycline, amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, norfloxacin, flumequine, ciprofloxacin, and augmentin). Whereas for 2 antibiotics, chloramphenicol and oxytetracycline, the extent of resistance in backyard chicken isolates was significantly higher than those from commercial broilers. The results indicate that in Pakistan backyard farming may contribute less to antimicrobial resistance.
... Poultry plays a pivotal role in bridging the protein gap of animal origin in most countries of the world (Mumtaz et al., 2000), its significance is even greater in developing countries where poultry are relatively cheap and can be kept in a small enclosure, usually providing both protein and income for a family. The use of modern systems of planning, organisation along with new technologies has enabled a steady growth in poultry production. ...
A biological trial was carried out on 60 week old culled layers. Thirty 60 week old laying Rhodo white hens, weighing 1.1-1.3 kg were kept in layer cages and were provided with feed free of pesticide and other contaminants for seven days. The first day the feed was analysed for Chlortetracycline (CTC) residue was taken as 0 day. Feed was analysed using HPTLC to identify any traces of CTC. After confirming the feed to be free of CTC residue, CTC was added at 1000 mg / kg. Layer birds were sacrificed on the zero day (pre treatment), 5 th day during treatment and 4 th day after treatment (9 th day of trial). No residual level of CTC was detected at 0 day in egg, dropping, feather, blood, liver, ovary, follicle, breast and thigh. CTC levels on the 5 th day in the liver , muscle (breast and thigh) and egg was 205 ± 2.24 ,107 ± 1.22 and 106 ± 1.87 µg/ kg respectively, and in plasma , large ovarian follicle, small ovarian follicle and poultry dropping was, 114 ± 5.10, 74 ± 3.67, 68 ± 1.22µg/ kg and 49 ± 2.45 µg/kg respectively. Fourth day, after chlortetracycline was withdrawn (9 th day) no residue of CTC was detected in any of the organs, egg and droppings. CTC was not detected at any time in feathers.
... Chicken meat contaminated with drug residues may pose serious public health hazards in the form of antibiotic resistant bacterial formation, allergic manifestations, or alteration of useful microflora of digestive tract to no microflora and/or harmful or non-healthy microflora. [79] For instance, residual β-lactams, including cephalosporin and penicillin, have been reported to cause dermatitis, cutaneous eruptions, anaphylaxis, and gastro-intestinal symptoms in humans via ingestion of contaminated poultry products. [80] Penicillin residues are considered as the most problematic because of the vulnerability of a large proportion of people, many are allergic. ...
Poultry meat and eggs are important foods for fulfilling the dietary needs of ever growing human population. Efficient poultry production, however, necessitates use of pharmaceutical products such as antibiotics as prophylactic and curatives to ensure rapid growth and health. Nevertheless, inappropriate and non-judicious use of these drugs results in accumulation of toxic and harmful residues in meat and eggs of treated birds which affect consumer health by triggering allergic reactions and transmitting antibiotics-resistant microbial infections. Therefore, regulatory authorities must take rigorous steps to curtail inappropriate use of numerous drugs for animal use in order to provide safe animal origin food to humans on planet.
... The production of high quality poultry meat for consumption is very essential and may require the use of antimicrobial agents for prophylaxis or chemotherapy (Aamer et al., 2000;Agunos et al., 2012;Gilchrist et al., 2007). Antimicrobials in poultry have been established to have their importance in enhancing growth, feeding efficiency and reducing the incidence of disease in birds (Donoghu, 2003;Doyle, 2006). ...
Antimicrobial agents are used for the prevention or treatment of diseases in animals but concerns have been raised that tissues of food animals contaminated with antimicrobial residues may cause adverse side effects in consumers. In Trinidad and Tobago, neither are withdrawal periods following treatment of food animals with antimicrobial agents enforced nor the practice of routine testing of meats for antimicrobial residues. This study determined the frequency of detection of three antimicrobial agents commonly used in the poultry industry in Trinidad and Tobago with the Charm II test and related it to processing plants and sale outlets. For chicken muscles, the prevalence of antimicrobial agents was 18.1, 1.7 and 0.0% for tetracycline, β-lactams and macrolides, respectively and the differences were statistically significantly different (p<0.05; X2) while the corresponding prevalence for chicken liver samples was 52.9, 0.0 and 14.9% (p<0.05; X2). Overall, the frequency of detection of antimicrobial agents in chicken liver (17.8%) was significantly (p<0.05; X2) higher than was found in chicken muscles (6.4%). Although the frequency of detection of the three antimicrobial agents in both chicken muscle and liver tissues was higher in supermarket samples (11.3%) than in those from poultry depot and other sources (6.3%), the difference was not significant (p>0.05; X2). For the 48 tetracycline-positive (muscle and liver) samples, 41 (85.4%) originated from supermarkets while only 14.6% were collected from other sources (p<0.05; X2). The frequency of detection of antimicrobial agents was not significantly (p>0.05; X2) affected by the processing plants from which the samples originated. Tetracycline residues appear to pose the highest health risk (allergic reactions and development of antimicrobial resistance), a finding in agreement with the fact that of the three antimicrobial agents tested, tetracycline was the most commonly used by broiler chicken producers in the country.
... Penggunaan antibiotik mengakibatkan diproduksinya produk metabolit dalam bentuk residu antibiotik dan dapat terakumulasi kedalam produk ternak seperti daging, telur, susu dan jaringan tubuh lainnya (Jetacar, 1999). Mumtaz et al. (2000) melaporkan bahwa residu obat obatan didapatkan dalam daging unggas setelah beberapa hari pemberian obat obatan tersebut dan daging yang terkontaminasi dapat mengakibatkan gangguan kesehatan pada manusia. Naeem et al. (2006 (Sundlof and Cooper, 1996), hipersensitif terhadap stimulant, karsinogenik, mutagenic dan toksisitas (Voogd, 1981). ...
An experiment was conducted to compare the effect of feeding medicinal weeds namely bandotan, patikan kebo and sidaguri on broiler chicken’s performance. The experiment used 100 broiler chicken 3 days of age and were kept for 5 weeks in battery cages. Each cage was 100 x 80 x 60 cm of size and consist 5 chickens. Design of this experiment was assigned to Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were R0 (Basal ration without medicinal weed), R1 (95% basal ration + 5% bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L)), R2 (95% basal ration + 5% patikan kebo (Euphorbia hirta L)) dan R3 (95% basal ration + 5% sidaguri (Sida cordifolia)). Ration and drinking water were ad libitum. Measured parameters were feed consumption, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the significant effects by Duncan’s multilple range test (DMRT). Results of this study showed that feeding 5% of medicinal weeds either bandotan, patikan kebo or sidaguri had similarly effect (P>0,05) on feed consumption, average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio of broiler chicken. However, bandotan and sidaguri resulted average daily weight gain lower than patikan kebo. It is concluded that medicinal weeds bandotan, patikan kebo and sidagu could be fed to the chicken up to 5% without significant effect on broiler performance. Patikan kebo resulted better broiler performance than that of bandotan and sidaguri. (Animal Production 11(2): 103-108 (2009) Key Words: Ageratum conyzoides, Euphorbia hirta L, sida cordifolia, weeds
... Ladefoged (1996) reported that antibiotic residues in digestive tract could prevent microflora growth and digestion disorder. Mumtaz et al. (2000) reported that drug residue was detected in poultry meat in few days after drug ingestion and contaminated meat could disturb human health. Naeem et al. (2006) detected more Quinolones residue in liver and kidney than in chicken meat and egg. ...
An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of hexane and acetic ethyl extracted pearl grass as feed additive in the ration on carcass of broiler chickens where the litter was sprayed by Escherichia coli. The experiment was assigned to Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were level of pearl grass extract added into the ration; 0 (R0, control), 0.8 (R1), 1.6 (R2), 2.4 (R3) dan 3.2 (R4) gram per kilogram ration. After 3 weeks of age, litters were sprayed by Escherichia coli as much as 10 6 CFU/100 ml liquid agar. Then, chickens were kept until 6 weeks of age. Result showed that there was no significant different among treatments groups on chicken carcass and there was no any adverse effect on liver and intestines. It is concluded that extracted pearl grass could be utilized as natural feed additive source to produce carcass of broiler chicken where their litter was sprayed by E. coli bacteria.
... The state of Tamil Nadu leads in poultry consumption in India. It is well established that poultry plays a pivotal role in bridging the protein gap of animal origin in most countries of the world (Mumtaz et al. 2000). Its significance is even greater in developing countries like India where poultry meat and egg are relatively cheap and chicken can be kept in a small enclosure, providing both protein and regular income for a family. ...
The worldwide increase in the use of antibiotics as an integral part of poultry and livestock production industry has recently received increasing attention as a contributory factor in the international emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in human beings. To gauge the presence of the aforementioned scenario in the Indian context, a preliminary survey was conducted to assess the use of chlortetracycline (CTC) in 12 commercial layer farms and to quantify and confirm its residue in the egg. Samples of feed and eggs were collected at day 0 (prior to CTC addition), 3rd, 5th and 7th day during treatment and on the 9th and 14th day (2nd and 7th day after withdrawal of CTC) from each of the 12 commercial poultry farms studied. Concentration of CTC in feed was significantly (P less than 0.01) high on the 3rd, 5th and 7th day. On the 9th day and 14th day CTC concentration in feed was significantly (P less than 0.01) lower compared to the earlier 3 days studied. A highly significant difference (P less than 0.01) of the antibiotic residue in egg was observed in all the 5 days with high residual levels of CTC in egg. CTC in feed and its residue in egg were detected even on the 9th and 14th day respectively.
... Poultry industry played important role in alleviating animal protein deficiency in the last two decades throughout the world via increased availably of poultry eggs and meat (Pervez et al., 2011). Mumtaz et al. (2000) reported that although man obtained many foods from sea and lands but he have a preference for animal products (meat, milk, egg and fish). Antibiotics and anti-stress are commonly used in poultry (broiler and market of turkey rations) production as feed additives as growth stimulators (Ensminger, 1985). Antibiotics are chemical compound ...
The present study was conducted to assess the effects of Furazolidone incorporation in broiler feeds under Sudan Conditions. A total of 144 one-day old non sexed chicks of Lohmann breed were used. Experimental chicks were distributed randomly into 4 treatments, each with three replicates (36 birds/treatment and 12 birds/pen as replicate).Four diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous, supplemented with graded levels of furazolidone (0,100, 200, 300 mg/kg feed). Traits studied were feed intake (weight gain), body weight and feed conversion ratio. Results revealed that body weight, weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio were not significantly at (P ≤0.05) affected by different levels of Furazolidone. Final body weights at slaughter age (7 weeks) was in the range of 1592±45.9-1706±45.9 g. Weekly weight gain was highest in the fifth week (322-391 g/ day). Average weekly feed intake increased with the advance in age and it approach 100 g in the seventh week of age. Total feed conversion ratio was in the range of 2.24±0.05-2.34±0.05.It is concluded that Furazolidone has neither positive nor negative effects on the performance of broiler chicks. It is suggested that this drug can be used in poultry farms were the hygienic and managerial conditions were poor.
Honey as a natural drinking supplement for broilers improved feed efficiency as well as the chemical properties of chicken meat
Antimicrobial usage is particularly high in poultry production. Honey as a water supplement to poultry has been explored as a natural and safe antibiotic alternative. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of honey as a water supplement on broilers' growth performance and chemical properties. Five dietary treatments were used: no supplement (T1), commercial electrolytes (T2), 5mL honey (T3), 7.5mL honey (T4), and 10mL honey (T5) per liter of water. The experiment used 150 1-day-old Cobb-400 broiler chicks, assigned to five treatments with three
replications of ten (10) birds each (N=30) employing the Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three blocks. Results indicated that 5mL/L-10mL/L honey supplementation led to a significant (p < 0.05) decrease of 4.3% to 7% in feed consumption compared to those with electrolytes. Similarly, using 5mL/L of honey showed 12.5% lower FCR compared with T2 and 24.3% compared with T1. However, a higher level of honey was comparable to T2, indicating that honey supplementation improved feed utilization and reduced feed cost at a certain level. Results of the proximate
analysis, particularly on moisture content (MC), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), and total carbohydrates (TC), revealed numerical differences. Samples with 5mL/L to 7.5mL/L levels of honey showed a higher MC, CP, and TC content and lower CF than T2. This implies that honey as a drinking water supplement offers practical advantages in feed consumption and efficiency and in improving the chemical and
nutritional properties of chicken meat. A choice for healthier production.
Indiscriminate use of antibiotics in broiler could lead to residue accumulation in food chain. We conducted a study to detect colistin residues in broiler meat in different growth stages, collected from different upazilas of Mymensingh division. A total of 108 samples, were collected from Fulbaria, Mymensingh Sadar, and Trishal Upazila of Mymensingh district and Nakla Upazila of Sherpur district. From each farm, nine samples were collected at the three different growth stages: 14-20 days (Early:E), 21-27 (Middle:M) days and 28-35 (Late:L) days, respectively. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used for the qualitative detection colistin residues in broiler meat. A questionnaire survey was carried out with the farmers from whom the samples were collected. Most of the farmers' had varying degree of knowledge about biosecurity, withdrawal period and residue of antibiotic, and academic qualification varies from primary to graduate level. Out of 108 samples, 50% (18 out of 36) samples were positive for TLC in early samples, whereas 66.67% (24 out of 36) samples for middle and 50% (18 out of 36) for late collected samples. Upazila-wise, the highest concentration was detected in Mymensingh sadar and Nakla (66.67%) and lowest in Fulbaria (33.33%). These result indicates that colistin are being misused in poultry industry especially in middle days of broiler life and withdrawal periods are not maintained when broiler are marketed. Being a Reserve group antibiotics, measures are needed to ensure human safety regarding colistin residue in poultry industry.
Indiscriminate use of antibiotics in broiler could lead to residue accumulation in food chain. We conducted a study to detect colistin residues in broiler meat in different growth stages, collected from different upazilas of Mymensingh division. A total of 108 samples, were collected from Fulbaria, Mymensingh Sadar, and Trishal Upazila of Mymensingh district and Nakla Upazila of Sherpur district. From each farm, nine samples were collected at the three different growth stages: 14-20 days (Early:E), 21-27 (Middle:M) days and 28-35 (Late:L) days, respectively. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used for the qualitative detection colistin residues in broiler meat. A questionnaire survey was carried out with the farmers from whom the samples were collected. Most of the farmers' had varying degree of knowledge about biosecurity, withdrawal period and residue of antibiotic, and academic qualification varies from primary to graduate level. Out of 108 samples, 50% (18 out of 36) samples were positive for TLC in early samples, whereas 66.67% (24 out of 36) samples for middle and 50% (18 out of 36) for late collected samples. Upazila-wise, the highest concentration was detected in Mymensingh sadar and Nakla (66.67%) and lowest in Fulbaria (33.33%). These result indicates that colistin are being misused in poultry industry especially in middle days of broiler life and withdrawal periods are not maintained when broiler are marketed. Being a Reserve group antibiotics, measures are needed to ensure human safety regarding colistin residue in poultry industry.
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Maqbool, J., 1988. Residues of Slulfachloropyrazin in Poultry
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Mad cow disease:A scourage to watch out for
- G Muhammad
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Testing milk and meat for antibiotic residues
- G Muhammad
- A K Anal
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Muhammad, G., A.K. Anal, M. Athar, M. Saleem, and S.L.
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Residues of sulfamethoxine in blood, eggs, and tissues of poultry birds
- R Nawaz
- R Ahmed
Nawaz, R., and R. Ahmed, 1996. Residues of sulfamethoxine in blood,
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Residues of Sulphaquinoxaline in Poultry Product
- R Rana
Rana, R., 1988. Residues of Sulphaquinoxaline in Poultry Product.
M.Sc. Thesis. Deptt. Vet. Pharmacology. Uinv. of Agri.,
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(Received 08 February 2000; Accepted 10 June 2000)