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Lo sviluppo del benessere organizzativo: la formazione organizzativa come leva strategica per il cambiamento

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Introduzione Il benessere organizzativo è definito come il "rap-porto che lega le persone al proprio contesto di lavoro, prendendone in considerazione le molteplici variabili, fra le quali: le relazioni interpersonali, il rapporto con i capi, il senso e il significato che le persone attribuiscono al proprio lavoro, il senso di appartenenza alla propria organizzazione, l'equità nel trattamento retributivo e nel-l'offerta di opportunità di crescita e miglioramento lavo-rativo, l'ambiente di lavoro accogliente e piacevole" (Pe-lizzoni, 2005). Quindi, promuovere il benessere organiz-zativo significa sviluppare queste variabili che hanno delle forti ricadute in senso positivo sulla produttività dell'azienda e sulla salute dell'individuo all'interno del-l'organizzazione. Una variabile fondamentale che incide in modo diretto sul benessere organizzativo è rappresentata sicuramente dal clima organizzativo. In accordo con James (1982), il clima organizzativo è individuabile nell'insieme delle percezioni condivise dai lavoratori delle principali caratteristiche ("potent features") del posto di lavoro, quali l'autonomia, il so-stegno sociale, le caratteristiche dei compiti, etc. Tali percezioni rappresentano una mappa cognitiva dell'or-ganizzazione con dei chiari risvolti sul versante com-portamentale ed emotivo (Schneider, 1985; Schneider, 1987). In altri termini, gli individui che lavorano in un'organizzazione si costruiscono, con il passare degli anni, una percezione molare e condivisa della propria organizzazione, che oltre a guidarli nella lettura dei principali processi lavorativi, delle modalità di presa delle decisioni, delle norme e dei valori, influenza i pro-pri comportamenti, le proprie emozioni e l'armonizza-zione con le cognizioni, nonché i comportamenti richie-sti dall'organizzazione (Lazzari et al., 2006). Il clima di un gruppo di lavoro è buono quando c'è il giusto sostegno e calore da parte dei colleghi e dei supe-riori, i ruoli sono riconosciuti attraverso la valorizzazione delle capacità dei membri, la comunicazione è aperta, sin-cera e fornisce feedback chiari e accettabili sui comporta-menti e sui risultati. Il concetto di clima, quindi si colloca nell'ambito dei processi relazionali, intesi come elementi di acquisizione RIASSUNTO. Il benessere organizzativo è definito come il "rapporto che lega le persone al proprio contesto di lavoro. Il ruolo del preposto implica competenze organizzative e relazionali, ascolto e osservazione, comunicazione e negoziazione. La realtà purtroppo è leggermente diversa: si riscontrano spesso situazioni di disordine comunicativo tra preposto e lavoratore, in cui il primo, inconsapevole del suo ruolo e delle sue responsabilità, non comprende i bisogni del secondo, non comunica correttamente il rischio, non sviluppa un atteggiamento empatico e organizza il lavoro prescindendo dalle inclinazioni e limitazioni individuali. Il lavoratore percepisce questa situazione come un aumento della sensazione di fatica e dello stress lavorativo. I lavoratori, spesso coinvolti in tale organizzazione, richiedono visite mediche straordinarie per ottenere limitazioni nell'idoneità lavorativa. Osservando un aumento notevole di limitazioni in alcune realtà lavorative con popolazione di lavoratori relativamente giovane, abbiamo deciso di elaborare un progetto sperimentale che coinvolgesse il medico competente e lo psicologo del lavoro. Con l'intento di migliorare il benessere organizzativo abbiamo analizzato le relazioni tra preposto e lavoratore, attraverso la somministrazione di questionari anonimi e corsi di formazione su analisi del comportamento e strategie comunicative, verificando eventuali cambiamenti dell'organizzazione dopo l'intervento.
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... However, modern workplaces are also experiencing a rise in negative psychosocial phenomena such as organizational cynicism, a critical attitude toward the organization characterized by distrust, frustration, and emotional detachment (Stocchi et al., 2010;Rousseau, 1989;Fantinelli et al., 2023). This attitude can lead to reduced performance, absenteeism (Reichers, 1985), and increased turnover intentions (Meyer & Allen, 1997), ultimately harming both employee well-being and corporate performance. ...
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