BookPDF Available

Тихоокеанский орлан Haliaeetus pelagicus: экология, эволюция, охрана

Authors:

Abstract

Мастеров В. Б., Романов М. С. Тихоокеанский орлан Haliaeetus pelagicus: экология, эволюция, охрана. Москва: Товарищество научных изданий КМК. 2014. 384 с. Книга представляет собой итог многолетних исследований биологии и экологии белоплечего орлана. Она основана на оригинальных данных, собранных преимущественно на Сахалине, в юго-западном Приохотье и в Нижнем Приамурье и дополненных сведениями из литературных источников по всему ареалу. Обсуждаются эволюционные адаптации вида, направленные на получение конкурентных преимуществ в нестабильной, но высокопродуктивной среде. В современной все более стремительно меняющейся обстановке крупные размеры, лимитированность энергетического бюджета, тесная связь с побережьями, высокая чувствительность к беспокойству и низкие темпы воспроизводства делают белоплечего орлана чрезвычайно уязвимым. Перспективы выживания этого уникального вида зависят в первую очередь от экологически ответственного подхода к освоению природных ресурсов в местах его обитания. Книга адресована широкому кругу читателей: специалистам-биологам, экологам, природоохранным деятелям, менеджерам в сфере хозяйственной деятельности, студентам биологических отделений вузов, а также всем любителям природы.
A preview of the PDF is not available
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.
Book
Full-text available
Коблик Е.А., Архипов В.Ю. 2014. Фауна птиц стран северной Евразии в границах бывшего СССР. Списки видов. Зоологические исследования № 14. М.: Товарищество научных изданий КМК. 172 c.
Article
Full-text available
Despite the increasing interest in the Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus Zeucoceph-alus) attested to by recent field studies (Shea 1973; Lish and Lewis 1975; Servheen 1975; Steenhof 1976; Stalmaster and Newman 1978, 1979), few published reports describe intraspecific behavior of Bald Eagles in winter. The present paper describes the frequency and extent of intraspecific conflict, and discusses the possible consequences of patterns of interac-tions between adults and immatures. Eagles commonly displace one another from food items and perches (Southern 1963, Shea 1973, Servheen 1975). Intraspecific aggression may be most common during feeding periods (Jonen 1973), and adults usually dominate immature birds in aggressive encounters (Erskine 1968). In Oklahoma, Lish (1973) described displacement, tail chasing (aerial pursuit) and talon presentation behavior of wintering Bald Eagles. From these ob-servations, Lish suggested that a social hierarchy might exist on the win-tering grounds. Stalmaster and Newman (1979) stated that the oldest bird usually occupied the highest site when eagles of different age classes perched in the same tree. METHODS I watched the behavior of Bald Eagles almost daily from October 1975-March 1976 at Swan Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Chariton Co., north-central Missouri. I observed in-traspecific behavioral dominance at or near feeding areas and perch sites, but not near night roosts. I used binoculars (7 x 50 mm) and a spotting scope (1560x), and made all obser-vations from a vehicle or blind. Birds with entirely white heads and tails were classed as adults; all others were classed as immatures. Types of aggressive encounters included displacement, aerial pursuit and talon presen-tation. Criteria of dominance in displacement encounters included the supplanting of 1 eagle by another from a food item or perch, or the fleeing of an eagle when another approached. Aerial pursuits involving more than 1 chasing bird were tallied according to age classes of the birds involved. Only 1 talon presentation was tallied per encounter regardless of the number occurring. To compare participation in aggressive encounters by birds of the 2 age classes, it is necessary to take into account the proportion of birds in each age class. Ac-cordingly, these analyses followed Hailman' s (1975) procedure, incorporating a Chi-square test. Twenty-two ground counts were made during the study.
Article
Full-text available
A survey of avifauna was carried out in the Mys Shmidta area, north Chukotka, Russia from 8 June to 12 July 2011. A total of 90 species was recorded in the area, which together with literature data made a final list of 104 species. For several species this area is beyond the northern, north-eastern or north-western limits of their known distribution. We collected new data for 19 globally or locally threatened species. Tundra Swan Cygnus columbianus, Emperor Goose Anser canagica, American Golden Plover Pluvialis dominica, Western Sandpiper Calidris mauri, Semipalmated Sandpiper C. pusilla, Northern House Martin Delichon urbica and Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica were all confirmed to be breeding. Breeding of Brent Goose Branta bernicla nigricans, Spectacled Eider Somateria fischeri and Steller’s Eider Polysticta stelleri was judged to be ‘very likely’. There was no evidence for breeding of Ross’s Gull Rhodostethia rosea despite several records. Two Eurasian Dotterels Charadrius morinellus were recorded displaying for the first time in the area, but the status of the species is unclear. The area is important for Snowy Owl Nyctea scandiaca, and as moulting grounds for Emperor Goose. Canada Goose Branta canadensis, Baikal Teal Anas formosa, Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica, Slaty-backed Gull Larus schistisagus, Thayer’s Gull L. thayeri, Black-headed Gull L. ridibundus, White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla, Steller’s Sea Eagle H. pelagicus, Osprey Pandion haliaetus, Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus borealis and House Sparrow Passer domesticus are more likely to be rare vagrants or migrants. An observation of a Pine Siskin Carduelis pinus is the first record for Eurasia.
Article
Full-text available
The application of molecular genetic techniques has revolutionized our view of avian mating systems. Contrary to prior expectations, birds are only very rarely sexually monogamous, with 'extra-pair offspring' found in approximately 90% of species. Even among socially monogamous species, over 11% of offspring are, on average, the result of extra-pair paternity (EPP). Based on over 150 molecular genetic studies of EPP in birds, we review two topical areas: (i) ecological explanations for interspecific variation in the rate of EPP; and (ii) evidence bearing on the adaptive function of EPP. We highlight the remaining challenges of understanding the relative roles of genes and ecology in determining variation between taxa in the rate of extra paternity, and testing for differences between extra-pair offspring and those sired within-pair.
Article
Presentamos datos recolectados con posterioridad a la publicación de McClelland et al. (1994). En ese estudio, 303 águilas de la especie Haliaeetus leucocephalus fueron marcadas en las patas con anillos del U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service en el Parque Nacional Glacier, Montana, entre 1977 y 1993. Además, se colocaron marcadores en el patagio de las alas en 121 de las 303 águilas, y a 66 de éstas se les acoplaron transmisores de VHF. Las edades estimadas de ocho águilas encontradas muertas tras la publicación de McClelland et al. estuvieron entre 2 años y ocho meses, y 22 años y seis meses. Observamos un águila con una marca patagial aún intacta, con el código legible 22 años y dos meses después de haber sido marcada. Tres de las águilas para las que presentamos datos (dos de 22 años y siete meses y una de 22 años y seis meses de edad)parecen ser registros récords de longevidad para individuos de esta especie anillados al oeste del Río Mississippi en los Estados Unidos continentales.
Article
The avian family Accipitridae has historically been divided into subfamilies or tribes based on features such as general resemblance, feeding ecology, and behavior. Consequently, the monophyly of those groups has been questionable. Recently, three phylogenetic analyses of a majority of the genera have appeared, one based on osteology, one on DNA sequences from a single mitochondrial gene, and the third on mitochondrial plus nuclear DNA sequences, and the resulting phylogenies were in substantial disagreement concerning the composition and basal branching patterns of the clades and hence require further analysis and confirmation. Here we use DNA sequences from the large nuclear RAG-1 exon to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of these birds. Our results largely corroborated the prior study that included nuclear genes. We found strong support for a monophyletic clade comprising the secretarybird Sagittarius serpentarius, the osprey Pandion haliaetus, and the traditional accipitrids. However, every one of the traditionally recognized subfamilies of accipitrids was found to be polyphyletic. The most basal nodes in the phylogeny separate small clades of insectivorous and scavenger species, such as kites and Old World vultures, from the rest of the family. The speciose genera of bird and mammal predators are all relatively derived (terminal) in the phylogeny. Many of the basal clades are cosmopolitan in their distributions, consistent with the great mobility of these raptors. A new classification is proposed that eliminates the problem of polyphyletic intrafamilial taxa.