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Journal of Biogeography
SUPPORTING INFORMATION
Discovered just before extinction? The first endemic ant from the Balearic Islands (Lasius balearicus
sp. nov.) is endangered by climate change
Gerard Talavera, Xavier Espadaler and Roger Vila
Appendix S1 Supporting tables (Tables S1–S7) and figures (Figs S1–S3).
Table S1 Species of Lasius studied, specimen codes, GenBank codes, localities and sources of DNA sequences: [1] = this study; [2] =
Maruyama et al. (2008); [3] = Steiner et al. (2004); [4] = Cremer et al. (2008).
Species Sample code COI 16S LR Wg Locality Source
L. balearicus Spain (920 m) !
L. balearicus " " Spain (920 m) !
L. balearicus Spain (920 m) !
L. balearicus #$Spain (1194 m) !
L. balearicus #$Spain (1194 m) !
L. balearicus #$Spain (1194 m) !
L. balearicus " #Spain (1035 m) !
L. balearicus #Spain (1041 m) !
L. balearicus " #Spain (1048 m) !
L. balearicus % &'()*+Spain(1066 m) !
L. balearicus % " &'()*+Spain(1056 m) !
L. balearicus % " &'()*+Spain(1025 m) !
L. balearicus % #,-.$/0Spain(1006 m) !
L. balearicus % #,-.$/0Spain(1012 m) !
L. balearicus % #,-.$/0Spain(998 m) !
L. grandis " 1,$2 Spain !
L. grandis " 3,4(5$2Spain !
L. grandis 3,4(5$2Spain !
L. grandis " &2-,Spain !
L. grandis % " 6Spain !
L. cinereus 1,$2Spain !
L. cinereus " 1,$2Spain !
L. cinereus " 1,$2Spain !
L. cinereus " #2$,2$272$2 Spain !
L. cinereus 8($2Spain !
L. niger &" " " 1(+9:Spain !
L. niger & " 2$;,,$2Spain !
L. niger & " " %2,Germany !
L. emarginatus & 2$;,,$2Spain !
L. emarginatus & "" 2$;,,$2Spain !
L. alienus & &<$2Spain !
L. alienus & " " &<$2Spain !
L. lasioides % " %,9Spain !
L. lasioides % ($*Spain !
L. lasioides % Spain !
L. psammophilus & +7=66>2Denmark !
L. platythorax & " 52&?+-Denmark !
L. brunneus & ,32$2Spain !
L. brunneus & (-,'3*$2Spain !
L. japonicus (@ (5 (5" -AB?2?$,BCJapan !
L. japonicus (@ (5 (5" C+B?2$,BC Japan !
L. japonicus (@" (5" (5" >??D&33BCJapan !
L. niger (@" (5 (5" 22 Austria !
L. niger (E"" 22 Austria !
L. platythorax (@ (5 (5"" +,22 Austria !
L. platythorax (E" +,22 Austria !
L. emarginatus (@ (5 (5 22 Austria !
L. emarginatus (E" 22 Austria !
L. hayashi (@" (5 (5 .),B?2$?B,Japan !
L. hayashi (@ (5 (5 C+B?2$,BCJapan !
L. productus (@ (5 (5" -AB?2?$,BCJapan !
L. sakagamii (@ (5 (5" .),B?2.),BCJapan !
Table S2 Geographical coordinates of Lasius balearicus presence records used for
ecological niche modelling.
Locality Longitude Latitude
F#,-G ""
#$F#,-2G "
#$F#,-2G
#$F#,-2G
#
# "
# ""
# ""
#
# "
28(+2F#,-9G
&$F#,-9G
&'()*+
&'()*+
&'()*+ "
&'()*+ "
#,-.$/0 " "
#,-.$/0 " "
#,-.$/0 " ""
#,--
#,-- " "
Table S3 Biometric measures and indexes for the Lasius s. str. species included in our study plus L. mixtus. Measures obtained by us are
highlighted in red. The rest of the values were extracted from literature (Seifert, 1988, 1992; Schlick-Steiner et al., 2003; Herraiz & Espadaler,
2009). The number of specimens measured for each species is shown at the top of the columns or, if different, next to the character values.
balearicus
niger
platythorax
japonicus
grandis
cinereus
emarginatu
s
hayashi
productus
sakagamii
alienus
psammophil
us
brunneus
austriacus
neglectus
turcicus
lasioides
mixtus
(n=51
)(n=5) (n=5) (n=4) (n=5) (n=5) (n=5) (n=1) (n=5) (n=1
7)
(n=1
0)
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Measures and indexes for workers and, those ending in ‘Q’, for queens: HW, head width (in mm); HL, head length (in mm); CS, cephalic size (in mm); SL,
scape length (in mm); HL/HW, head shape; SL/HL, scape index; SL/CS, relative scape index; PDCL, pubescence distance on clypeus (in μm); nHS, number
of standing hairs on scapus; nHHT, number of standing hairs on hind tibia; nBH, number of standing hairs on head; MaDe, number masticatory dents (MaDe)
as defined in Seifert (1992).
Table S4 Student t-tests, false discovery rates (FDR) and Bonferroni corrections for
morphological character pair comparisons between Lasius balearicus and the closest
Lasius s. str. taxa (niger, platythorax, japonicus, grandis, cinereus and emarginatus).
Pair comparisons in red indicate P > 0.001 for FDR.
Character Pair comparison d.f. t P order FDR Bonferroni
HW bal-nig 51 -15.5958818 0 1 0.000757576 0.000909091
HL bal-nig 51 -13.45527349 0 2 0.001515152 0.000909091
SL bal-nig 51 -8.648149874 0 3 0.002272727 0.000909091
HL/HW bal-nig 51 9.873328064 0 4 0.003030303 0.000909091
SL/HL bal-nig 51 8.238030783 0 5 0.003787879 0.000909091
PDCL bal-nig 19 11.68386695 0 6 0.004545455 0.000909091
nHS bal-nig 51 26.04355663 0 7 0.00530303 0.000909091
nHHT bal-nig 51 18.51193198 0 8 0.006060606 0.000909091
nBH bal-nig 51 15.31086278 0 9 0.006818182 0.000909091
HW bal-pla 51 -19.1199749 0 11 0.008333333 0.000909091
HL bal-pla 51 -13.9944816 0 12 0.009090909 0.000909091
SL bal-pla 51 -11.03119456 0 13 0.009848485 0.000909091
HL/HW bal-pla 51 16.99880377 0 14 0.010606061 0.000909091
nHS bal-pla 51 19.47470703 0 15 0.011363636 0.000909091
nHHT bal-pla 51 9.933305053 0 16 0.012121212 0.000909091
nBH bal-pla 51 19.18073394 0 17 0.012878788 0.000909091
HW bal-jap 51 -15.12174253 0 19 0.014393939 0.000909091
HL bal-jap 51 -13.58298067 0 20 0.015151515 0.000909091
SL bal-jap 51 -13.21457214 0 21 0.015909091 0.000909091
HL/HW bal-jap 51 8.448232922 0 22 0.016666667 0.000909091
nHS bal-jap 51 26.4376876 0 23 0.017424242 0.000909091
nHHT bal-jap 51 19.73745011 0 24 0.018181818 0.000909091
nBH bal-jap 51 15.95584131 0 25 0.018939394 0.000909091
HW bal-gra 51 -21.88450487 0 27 0.020454545 0.000909091
HL bal-gra 51 -21.41568799 0 28 0.021212121 0.000909091
SL bal-gra 51 -22.56763673 0 29 0.021969697 0.000909091
HL/HW bal-gra 51 7.878194865 0 30 0.022727273 0.000909091
nHS bal-gra 51 17.10992118 0 31 0.023484848 0.000909091
nHHT bal-gra 51 6.256750658 0 32 0.024242424 0.000909091
nBH bal-gra 51 8.861077525 0 33 0.025 0.000909091
SL bal-cin 51 -5.642338228 0 35 0.026515152 0.000909091
nHS bal-cin 51 17.89818313 0 36 0.027272727 0.000909091
nHHT bal-cin 51 12.38434132 0 37 0.028030303 0.000909091
nBH bal-cin 51 19.18073394 0 38 0.028787879 0.000909091
DeMa bal-cin 47 6.508849562 0 40 0.03030303 0.000909091
HW bal-ema 51 -15.95840511 0 41 0.031060606 0.000909091
HL bal-ema 51 -16.36415936 0 42 0.031818182 0.000909091
SL bal-ema 51 -20.09171245 0 43 0.032575758 0.000909091
SL/HL bal-ema 51 -9.714202537 0 44 0.033333333 0.000909091
nHS bal-ema 51 30.24762037 0 45 0.034090909 0.000909091
nHHT bal-ema 51 14.06942875 0 46 0.034848485 0.000909091
nBH bal-ema 51 20.47069099 0 47 0.035606061 0.000909091
PDCL bal-jap 19 6.72799567 0.000002 49 0.037121212 0.000909091
PDCL bal-gra 19 6.119379898 0.000007 50 0.037878788 0.000909091
SL/HL bal-gra 51 -4.945640561 0.00001 51 0.038636364 0.000909091
DeMa bal-jap 47 4.861609942 0.00002 52 0.039393939 0.000909091
HL/HW bal-ema 51 4.457966525 0.00005 53 0.040151515 0.000909091
PDCL bal-cin 19 5.162983686 0.00006 54 0.040909091 0.000909091
SL/HL bal-pla 51 4.310979745 0.00008 55 0.041666667 0.000909091
HL bal-cin 51 -4.317114944 0.00008 56 0.042424242 0.000909091
DeMa bal-nig 47 3.920330159 0.0003 57 0.043181818 0.000909091
DeMa bal-pla 47 3.567350241 0.0009 58 0.043939394 0.000909091
SL/HL bal-cin 51 -3.543122333 0.0009 59 0.04469697 0.000909091
HW bal-cin 51 -2.711658179 0.0092 60 0.045454545 0.000909091
HL/HW bal-cin 51 -2.667509183 0.011 61 0.046212121 0.000909091
DeMa bal-ema 47 -1.374368619 0.18 62 0.046969697 0.000909091
SL/HL bal-jap 51 -1.018589522 0.32 63 0.047727273 0.000909091
DeMa bal-gra 47 0.861170865 0.4 64 0.048484848 0.000909091
PDCL bal-ema 19 -0.749283808 0.47 65 0.049242424 0.000909091
PDCL bal-pla 19 0.467947735 0.65 66 0.05 0.000909091
Table S5 Morphological set of characters used in phylogenetic inference. Orange:
numbers correspond to selected characters from Maruyama et al. (2008) (characters
103 and 104 were newly incorporated). Blue: criteria to convert biometric
measurements to discrete data. Below, resulting character states for the studied
species. Discrete values for biometric measures and labelled morphological characters
(*) were used as ordered characters for phylogenetic inference.
J$6,)+$,
HW <750(0), >750 and <900 (1), >900 (2)
HL <800(0), >800 and <950 (1), <950(2)
CS <750(0), >750 and <900 (1), >900 (2)
SL <700(0), >700 and <800 (1), >800 and < 1100 (2), >1100 (3)
SL/CS <0.95(0), >0.95 and <1.1 (1), >1.1(2)
HL/HW <1.05(0), >1.05 and <1.15 (1), >1.15(2)
SL/HL <0.90(0), >0.90 and <1.05 (1), >1.05(2)
PDCL <15(0), >15 and <25 (1), >25 and < 30 (2), >30 (3)
nHS <1 (0), >1 and <20 (1), >20 and <25 (2), >25 (3)
nHHT <5(0), >5 and <15 (1), >15(2)
MaDe <7.5(0), >7.5(1)
nBH <5(0), >5 and <18 (1), >18 (2)
HWQ <1400(0), >1400 and <1800 (1), >1800(2)
HLQ <1300(0), >1300 and <1600 (1), >1600(2)
HL/HW <0.89 (0), >0.89 and <0.90 (1), >0.90 and <0.93 (2), >0.93 (3)
SLQ <1600 (0), >1600 and <1800 (1), >1800 (2)
SL/HL <0.8 (0), >0.8 and <0.83 (1), >0.83 and <0.85 (2), >0.85 and <0.88 (3) >0.88 (4)
SL/HW <0.75 (0), >0.75 and <0.8 (1), >0.8 and <0.83 (2), >0.83 (3)
MLQ <2400 (0), >2400 and <2600 (1), >2600 and <3200 (2), >3200 (3)
MHQ <1300(0), >1300 and <1600 (1), >1600(2)
MHQ/MLQ <0.49 (0), >0.49 and <0.55 (1), >0.55 (2)
,7et al. FGF3$G
1* QM, Body colour: black to brown pigmentation (0), without pigmentation, yellow to reddish yellow (1).
2* W, Body colour: black to brown pigmentation (0), without pigmentation, yellow to reddish yellow (1).
3WQ, Mouthparts: mandible with last basal tooth not clearly separated from masticatory boarder (0), basal border in right
angle with masticatory border (1).
4* W, Mouthparts: mandible without offset tooth absent (0), with offset tooth as minute projection (1), with offset tooth (2).
7M, Mouthparts: mandible with preapical cleft (0), without preapical cleft (1).
8M, Mouthparts: mandible with masticatory margin emarginate (0), convex (1).
11 W, Mouthparts: maxillary palpus reaches to neck cavity (0), does not reach to neck cavity (1).
12 QM, Mouthparts: maxillary palpus long, reaching level of posterior margin of eye (0), reach to level of fronterior margin of
eye (1).
13 WQ, Mouthparts: maxillary palpus with 5th and 6th segments almost as long as 4th (0), 5th and 6th segments
conspicuously reduced compared to 4th (1).
14 W, Mouthparts: maxillary palpus with 4th segment as long as 3rd (0), 4th conspicuously reduced to 3rd (1).
15 W, Mouthparts: maxillary palpus with 6th segment longer to only slightly shorter than 5th (0), conspicuously shorter than 5th (1).
18 W, Antenna: scape with pubescence erect, rough surface (0), decumbed to suberect surface, with hairs (1), appressed,
smooth surface (2).
19* W, Antenna: scape with setae many (2), few (1), absent (0).
20* Q, Antenna: setae on scape many (2), few (1), absent (0).
21* Q, Antenna: scape long, more than 0.7 as long as head width (1), short, less than 0.7 as long as head width (0).
24* W, Genae with setae absent (0), few (1), many (2).
25 Q, Genae setae absent (0), present (1).
28 W, Head: setae simplified (0), more or less flattened and serrate laterally (1).
30 Q, Head: occipital margin almost strait or slightly emarginate (0), conspicuously emarginate (1).
32* WQ, Head: mandibular gland not developed, less than 0.3 as long as head length (0), well developed, more than 0.5 as long
as head length (1).
33 QM, Mesosoma broader than head (0), narrower than head (1).
34 W, Mesosoma: setae simplified (0), more or less flattened and serrate laterally (1).
35 Q, Mesosoma: setae simplified (0), more or less flattened and serrate (1).
36 M, Mesosoma: pronotum in lateral view slightly narrowed anteriorly (0), conspicuously narrowed anteriorly part less
than 0.5 as high as highest part (1).
38 Q, Mesosoma: mesonotum 0.8-1.2 as high as pronotum in height (0), less than 0.5 as high as pronotum (1).
41 Q, Mesosoma: suture between katepisternum and propodeum clear (0), not clear, poorly differentiated (1).
49 QM, Mesosoma: max. dimension of metapleural gland opening less wide than max. diameter of outer margin of
propodeal spiracle (0), more wide (1).
54 M, Mesosoma: metapleural gland with sulcus its anterior (0), without sulcus (1).
57 QM, Wings: hyaline uniformly in basal 1/3 (0), brownish in basal part (1).
61* W, Petiole: in frontal view sides parallel (0), convex (1), diverging dorsad (2).
62* W, Petiole: shape of dorsal crest straight (0), emarginated (1), curved (2).
64* Q, Hind tibia: setae absent (0), few (1), many (2).
65* W, Hind tibia: setae absent (0), few (1), many (2).
66* W, Hind tibia: length of setae less than 30 µm (0), 30 to 60 µm (1), over 60 µm (2).
67* Q, Gaster more than 1.5 as broad as mesosoma (0), less than 1.3 as broad as mesosoma (1).
75* Q, Overall body size not over 5 mm (0), about 5 mm and more (1).
86 Colony founding independent (0), parasitic on Lasius s. str. (1)
87 Activity of workers epigaeic (0), hypogaeic (1).
88 Colony monogynous (0), oligogynous or polygynous (1).
90* M, Number of teeth on masticatory border 1-4 (0), over 6 (1), nil (2).
91* WQ, Maxillary palp: length of 4th segment less than 0.12 head width (0), more than 0.14 head width (1).
92* W, Occipital head margin straight (0), straight to feebly convex (1), strongly convex (2).
99* Q, Scape length/head length ratio below 0.65 (0), between 0.66 and 0.81 (1), between 0.82 and 0.91 (2), over 0.91 (3).
101* Q, Scape pubescence character: fully appressed, smooth surface (0), moderately pubescent, decumbent (1),
subdecumbent, rough surface (2).
102 Q, Whole surface of head without setae (0), covered by setae (1).
103 W. Side of pronotum smooth, shining (0), dull, mat (1)
104 W. Thorax coloration lighter than gaster (1), homogeneous coloration for thorax and gaster (0)
Maruyama et al. (2008) (adapted)
1 2 3 4 7 8 11 12 13 14 15 18 19 20 21 24 25 28 30 32 33 34 35
L. balearicus 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 ?
L. grandis 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
L. cinereus 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
L. brunneus 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
L. neglectus 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 (01) 1 0 0 0 1 0
L. sakagamii 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
L. emarginatus 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 (12) 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
L. platythorax 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
L. niger 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
L. japonicus 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
L. alienus 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
L. hayashi 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
L. productus 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
L. austriacus 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 (01) 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
L. mixtus 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0
Maruyama et al. (2008) (adapted)
36 38 41 49 54 57 61 62 64 65 66 67 75 86 87 88 90 91 92 99
10
1 102 103 104
L. balearicus 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 (01) ? 2 2 0 1 0 0 ? 2 1 0 ? ? ? 0 0
L. grandis 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 2 2 1 0 (01)
L. cinereus 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 2 2 1 1 0
L. brunneus 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 4 0 1 0 0 (01) 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 1
L. neglectus 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 (01) 1 1 2 0 1 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 2 1 0 0
L. sakagamii 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 (01) 2 2 2 0 1 0 0 1 2 1 0 2 2 1 0 1
L.
emarginatus 1 0 0 1 0 0 (01)
(012
) 2 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 2 2 1 0 1
L. platythorax 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 (01) 2 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 2 2 1 0 0
L. niger 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 2 2 1 0 0
L. japonicus 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 2 2 0 1 0 0 (01) 2 1 0 2 2 1 0 (01)
L. alienus 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 (01) 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 0 0
L. hayashi 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 (02) 2 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 2 2 1 0 1
L. productus 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 (01) 1 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 2 2 1 0 1
L. austriacus 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 (01) 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
L. mixtus 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 (01) 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 0
Discrete values for biometric measures
H
W HL CS SL SL/CS
HL/
HW
SL/
HL PDCL
nH
S nHHT MaDe
nB
H
HW
Q
HL
Q
HL/
HW
SL
Q SL/HL
SL/
HW MLQ MHQ MHQ/MLQ
L. balearicus 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 2 1 1 3 0 3 2 2 1 1
L. grandis 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 3 1 2 1 1
L. cinereus 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 3 0 3 2 2 1 1
L. brunneus 2 1 2 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 2 0 0
L. neglectus 0 0 0 1 1 2 1 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 3 1 1 0 1
L. sakagamii 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 0 3 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 3 1 2 2 2
L. emarginatus 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 4 2 2 1 0
L. platythorax 2 2 2 2 1 0 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 3 1 2 1 1
L. niger 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 3 1 2 2 2
L. japonicus 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1
L. alienus 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2
L. hayashi 2 2 2 2 1 0 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 2 1 0
L. productus 2 2 2 3 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 0 4 3 3 1 1
L. austriacus 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 1 2 2 2
L.
psammohilus 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 3 1 2 2 2
L. lasioides 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 1 0 0
L. turcicus 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 3 1 2 1 1
L. mixtus 2 2 2 2 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 2 1 0 0 2
Table S6 Evalutation metrics for the different models employed. Mean values for area
under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (AUC), the true skill statistic
(TSS) and kappa statistic (KAPPA) are detailed. Accuracy classification for AUC: 1 >
excellent > 0.9 > good > 0.8 > fair > 0.7 > poor > 0.6 > fail; TSS and KAPPA: 1 >
excellent > 0.8 > good > 0.6 > fair > 0.4 > poor > 0.2 fail.
AUC TSS KAPPA
CTA 0.96 0.12 0.94 0.15 0.92 0.13
FDA 0.98 0.06 0.97 0.11 0.95 0.11
GAM 1 0 1 0 1 0
GBM 1 0.01 0.99 0.02 0.94 0.1
GLM 0.89 0.12 0.78 0.25 0.77 0.2
MARS 0.99 0.01 0.99 0.02 0.94 0.11
MAXENT 1 0.01 0.99 0.02 0.97 0.08
RF 1 0.01 0.99 0.02 0.96 0.09
CTA, classification tree analysis; FDA, flexible discriminant analysis; GAM, generalized
additive model; GBM, generalized boosting model; GLM, generalized linear model; MARS,
multiple adaptive regression splines; MAXENT, maximum entropy; RF, random forest.
Table S7 Intraspecific genetic distances, evolutionary ages and monophyly supports
estimated for the Lasius species studied.
Taxa nMonophyly support
Intraspecific
genetic
distance Ma [95% HPD]
L. balearicus 15 100 0.001 1.51 [0.84-2.4]
L. cinereus 3 paraphyletic 0.004 n.a.
L. grandis 4 paraphyletic 0.004 n.a.
L. japonicus 3 100 0.006 1 [0.49-1.59]
L. niger 2 100 0.001 1.26 [0.70-1.96]
L. platythorax 2 100 0.000 1 [0.49-1.59]
L. emarginatus 2 100 0.004 2.1 [1.32-3.17]
L. hayashi 2 71 0.022 1.35 [0.57-2.38]
L. sakagamii 3 100 0.003 1.98 [1.06-3.05]
L. alienus 2 100 0.004 1.45 [0.71-2.33]
L. psammophilus 1 100 0.015 1.45 [0.71-2.33]
L. brunneus 2 100 0.000 6.08 [3.62-8.98]
L. austriacus 6 100 0.003 3.36 [1.76-5.28]
L. neglectus 3 100 0.000 1.67 [0.8-2.84]
L. turcicus 5 100 0.011 1.67 [0.8-2.84]
L. lasioides 1 100 0.003 4.85 [2.78-7.31]
L. productus 1 monotypic n.a. 1.35 [0.57-2.38]
Figure S1 Sampling localities surveyed (dots) during this study in the Balearic
Islands and nearest mainland (Serra d’Aitana, Alicante). Detailed tracks explored in
the main peaks of Serra de Tramuntana are also shown. Ant diversity was assessed in
each locality and along the tracks, and red dots indicate the presence of Lasius
balearicus.
Figure S2 Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) using biometric data and
Euclidean distances for (a) Lasius s. str. and (b) the L. balearicus group.
Figure S3 *BEAST species tree for Lasius balearicus and the closest Lasius s. str.
taxa based on four genetic markers. Trees are figured with DENSITREE (Bouckaert,
2010). Higher line densities represent higher levels of certainty. Black lines display a
Markov chain Monte Carlo of 10,000 trees. Recovered posterior probabilities for the
most popular consensus tree (orange lines) are shown.
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