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Social media use for contentious politics: Facebook-activism against imposed national education curriculum in Hong Kong
Abstract
This paper examines how Scholarism, a SMO found by a group of secondary school students, appropriated social and digital media for a ten-day occupation protest against the “Moral and National Education” curriculum, imposed by the Education Bureau in Hong Kong. Drawing on research that recognizes the more scalable organizational forms and communication networks enabled by NICTs and the notion of appropriating technology, I analyze the ways that the SMO employed non-hierarchical channels for mobilization, and created ad hoc political alliances for collective action. This paper provides insights into the changing communication-related mobilization processes of new activist groups adapted to the new media environment.
... Other legal actions include defamation damages through Facebook (Douglas, 2016;Mandell et al., 2016, p.543;Mills, and freedom of speech (Rosen, 2011(Rosen, , p.1525 (Alaimo, 2015). Others include the anti moral and national education movement in Hong Kong in 2014 (Ting, 2014) (Garcia & Sikström, 2014, p.92). ...
Two billion users make Facebook of academic interest. This thesis creates a Facebook Divide Index, the delineated categories of Facebook Native, Facebook Immigrant, and Facebook Isolate, and develops Facebook inequality concepts. Macau has a fast-growing number of Facebook Immigrants who benefit from using the online social network. Data from participation-observation and surveys demonstrate social capital gain by Facebook Immigrants, with older generation Facebook users relatively happier than their younger counterparts. The thesis concludes that society needs to equip and empower the older generation or Facebook Isolates, so that they can benefit from online social network usage.
... Therefore, the communication mediation approach adopted in this study allows the exploration of how overall SNS use affects online and offline political discussions and of how the discussion, in turn, influences the participation in collective action. Given that SNSs have played an important role in various collective political actions in many different regions including Hong Kong (Hermida, Lewis, & Zamith, 2014;Ting, 2014), a better understanding of the role played by overall SNS use within the communication mediation framework could provide some significant insights into the mechanism by which SNS exerts its influence. Thus, the following hypotheses are proposed: Moderating roles of social identity and region of origin Klofstad (2009) suggested that individuals are not automatically equipped to participate in collective action. ...
Adopting a communication mediation approach, this study explores the role of overall social networking service (SNS) use in facilitating people’s participation in collective political action through the mediation of online and offline political discussions. The study also underscores the moderating effect on the mediation process of both social identity and geographical origin. Moderated mediation analyses reveal that the positive impact of overall SNS use on participation mediated by offline discussion is stronger for people with higher Hong Kong identity and for people from Hong Kong. This moderated mediation model specifies the socio-psychological mechanism of participation in collective political action in an immigrant society such as Hong Kong.
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