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External environment, the innovating organization, and its individuals: A multilevel model for identifying innovation barriers accounting for social uncertainties
Abstract
Minimizing factors (barriers) disrupting innovation is a key to success. Drawing on stakeholder theory and dynamic capabilities, we propose the EOI barrier model for identifying barriers at multiple levels of analysis: the external environment (external stakeholders), the organization (managerial levers based on dynamic capabilities) and the individual (employees’ attitudes and abilities, management commitment). By applying this model to the German biotechnology industry, we examine how barriers manifest themselves in specific settings and demonstrate the context specificity of barriers. Using interview data, we identify 39 barriers across the three levels of analysis. The findings highlight the importance of secondary stakeholders.
... A barrier to innovation can be understood as a factor that prevents, delays, or blocks innovation development (Hueske, Endrikat, & Guenther, 2015). Innovation can be hindered by various factors, including the skills and mindsets of an organization's employees and the commitment of its management (Hueske et al., 2015). ...
... A barrier to innovation can be understood as a factor that prevents, delays, or blocks innovation development (Hueske, Endrikat, & Guenther, 2015). Innovation can be hindered by various factors, including the skills and mindsets of an organization's employees and the commitment of its management (Hueske et al., 2015). Additionally, the unique personal characteristics of a given MSE entrepreneur can impact the innovation process (Lefebvre & Lefebvre, 1992), as well as the abilities and attitudes of the individuals within the organization (Anderson, De Dreu, & Nijstad, 2004;Necadov a & Scholleov a, 2011). ...
... External environmental barriers can be studied using the stakeholder theory. One stakeholder can affect the organization or is affected by it, benefiting or threatening its competitiveness and innovation (Hueske et al., 2015). Suppliers can promote ideas, new technologies and processes to improve product development and provide better customers services (Spithoven, Vanhaverbeke, & Roijakkers, 2013). ...
Purpose
Micro and small enterprises (MSEs) play a crucial role in the development of any country by generating innovative ideas. However, they face inherent restrictions that hinder their innovation capabilities. It is essential to support innovation policies to overcome these barriers and foster innovation. This study aims to explore how innovation policies can reduce barriers to innovation in MSEs using the lens of innovation capabilities.
Design/methodology/approach
Through a multiple case study, the authors examined eight MSEs in São Paulo (Brazil) and five in Florence (Italy) to conduct this study. These countries share a similar level of importance when it comes to MSEs.
Findings
Current innovation policies could be more effective for MSEs if certain barriers they encounter are faced and resolved, such as limited financial resources and a scarcity of qualified workers. These barriers directly affect two key elements of their innovation capability: financial resources and human resources. Therefore, it is essential to develop innovation policies that target these elements directly to enable MSEs to overcome these obstacles and thrive.
Originality/value
This study aims to enhance the knowledge of how innovation policies can help alleviate obstacles to innovation and how they can influence the various components that comprise the innovation capability of MSEs. This research can be valuable for policymakers as it provides insight into which innovation policies impact each aspect of innovation capability, enabling them to choose the most suitable policy based on the specific needs and local circumstances of the MSEs.
... Previous studies on innovation have also indicated that the ability of an organization to be innovative is often retarded by the presence of a plethora of challenges that it faces [Galia and Legros (2004); Savignac (2008)]. Hueske et al. [2015], in their study on challenges facing innovation, observed that the environment in which an organization operates can serve as a barrier to innovation, and therefore needs to be carefully assessed. Duarte et al. [2017] determined that challenges to any innovation process need to be carefully identi¯ed by the¯rm, and if necessary, the innovation needs to be abandoned if the challenges are too di±cult to overcome. ...
... Assink [2006] discussed some of the possible challenges that organizations might face while developing disruptive innovation capability. A review of the literature also indicated that challenges to innovation have been the subject of prior research studies [Castillo-Vergara et al. [Hueske et al. (2015)]. Some recent studies on challenges facing innovation include green innovation [Chien et al. (2022)], barriers to grassroots innovation (Jones et al. [2021]), and innovation in the retail sector [Albors-Garrigos (2020)]. ...
Successful implementation of disruptive innovation involves numerous challenges, especially for new entrants. This study tries to identify and analyze a set of critical challenges that might plague a new entrant to successfully implement disruptive innovation. Multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) technique of Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) was used to analyze the identified challenges, as well as to derive their interrelationship. The study was conducted in the context of the Indian manufacturing sector. The findings revealed that the lack of financial resources, lack of non-financial resources, and lack of top management support emerged as the three key challenges impeding disruptive innovation for manufacturing organizations in India. The motivation–opportunity–ability (MOA) model served as the basic theoretical underpinning for the study. The findings of the study are expected to help managers and policymakers to understand possible challenges associated with the implementation of disruptive innovation, and to develop counter strategies accordingly.
... In general, the impact of everything on society is becoming increasingly apparent, and we find ourselves in a state of constant change and improvement due to rapid expansion technologies (Tadeu et al., 2019). ICT expedites the hasty collection as well as dissemination of information to generate external knowledge (EK), internal innovation (II) and transmission procedure across space and time (Hueske et al., 2015). II and EK come from ICT because ICT has two different components, information technology (IT) and communication technology (CT). ...
... Innovation entails creating something new or the modification of something that already exists by individuals within an organization (Baregheh et al., 2009). II's key role in attaining sustainable competitive advantage cannot be ignored in this globalized era (Hueske et al., 2015). II is defined as the constructive changes in the organization's offering due to cross-functional coordination within the organization (Lassen and Laugen, 2017), and this coordination results in II. ...
Purpose
The primary purpose of this study is to provide a new model in the hospitality industry by incorporating open innovation (OI) as a significant business performance (BP) supporter. This study aims to examine OI’s role in fostering SI and BP in Malaysia’s hospitality industry.
Design/methodology/approach
Quantitative research approach with a cross-sectional design is used to carry out the current study. A questionnaire survey is conducted. A total of 201 valid responses were used to analyze the data through Smart PLS 3 structural equation modeling. The study sample comprises the managerial employees of hospitality companies.
Findings
The findings of this study revealed that OI has a crucial contribution to fostering service innovation (SI) and BP. Information and communication technology (ICT) increases external knowledge and internal innovation, which in turn increases knowledge management (KM). ICT intensifies KM in result, OI increases, which contribute expediting SI. Finally, increases in SI boost BP.
Practical implications
This study provides a comprehensive framework to boost hospitality industry performance. It gives vital cues to the hospitality industry for SI improvement and BP. This proposed framework is specific to the hospitality industry, and it has the potential to help the managers to have a better understanding of new ideas that can develop service quality and customer satisfaction.
Originality/value
This is one of the pioneer studies that formally documented OI’s role in Malaysia hospitality industry. This pioneering study provides the OI model for BP of the hospitality industry. Regarding the OI in the hospitality industry, managers’ and academicians’ implication is not well understood in the current literature.
... The external environment is here conceived as the macro-level environment composed of external stakeholders, ranging from institutional bodies to customers and competitors, that represents the dimension in which both supply chain and SMEs are embedded in. In the context of CBM implementation, the external environment gains importance as the stakeholders might ask for or refuse circular practices in relation to the level of diffusion of environmental culture and awareness in relation to CE [80], thus mutually acting as external driver or barriers. In addition, the external environment includes institutional pressure from national, regional, and local regulatory bodies that might enable or constrain CE application at the supply chain and organizational level. ...
... This result, thus, fully supports our proposition (Proposition 2), identifying the influence of external environment on both the SC and the organizational level. In addition, the presented implication on the role of the external environment-even if developed in a specific country and sector-might be cautiously generalized in other contexts as probable CE barriers and drivers to be found at an external level, as it is aligned with-even tough partly expanding-on previous studies [23,46,80]. With a favorable external environment characterized by national and local CE-oriented regulations, SMEs might effectively contribute to an overall sustainable development of the sector, through the application of CBMs encouraged and accepted by the related stakeholders. ...
To contribute to small and medium enterprises' (SMEs) sustainable transition into the circular economy, the study proposes the activation of organizational learning (OL) processes-denoted here as multi-level knowledge creation, transfer, and retention processes-as a key phase in introducing circular business models (CBMs) at SME and supply chain (SC) level. The research employs a mixed-method approach, using the focus group methodology to identify contextual elements impacting on CBM-related OL processes, and a survey-based evaluation to single out the most frequently used OL processes inside Italian construction SMEs. As a main result, a CBM-oriented OL multi-level model offers a fine-grained understanding of contextual elements acting mutually as barriers and drivers for OL processes, as possible OL dynamics among them. The multi-level culture construct-composed of external stakeholders', SC stakeholders', and organizational culture-identify the key element to activate CBM-oriented OL processes. Main implications are related to the identification of cultural, structural, regulatory, and process contextual elements across the external, SC, and organizational levels, and their interrelation with applicable intraorgan-izational and interorganizational learning processes. The proposed model would contribute to an improved implementation of transitioning into the circular economy utilizing sustainable business models in the construction SMEs.
... The external environment is here conceived as the macro-level environment composed of external stakeholders, ranging from institutional bodies to customers and competitors, that represents the dimension in which both supply chain and SMEs are embedded in. In the context of CBM implementation, the external environment gains importance as the stakeholders might ask for or refuse circular practices in relation to the level of diffusion of environmental culture and awareness in relation to CE [80], thus mutually acting as external driver or barriers. In addition, the external environment includes institutional pressure from national, regional and local regulatory bodies that might enable or constrain CE application at the supply chain and organizational level. ...
... This result, thus, fully supports our proposition (Proposition 2), identifying the influence of external environment on both the SC and the organizational level. In addition, the presented implication on the role of the external environment -even if developed in a specific country and sector -might be cautiously generalized in other contexts as probable CE barriers and drivers to be found at an external level, as it is aligned with -even tough partly expanding -on previous studies [23,46,80]. With a favorable external environment characterized by national and local CEoriented regulations, SMEs might effectively contribute to an overall sustainable development of the sector, through the application of CBMs encouraged and accepted by the related stakeholders. ...
To contribute to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) sustainable transition into the circular economy, the study proposes the activation of organizational learning (OL) processes – denoted here as multi-level knowledge creation, transfer, and retention processes – as a key phase in introducing circular business models (CBMs) at SME and supply chain (SC) level. The research employs a mixed-method approach, using the focus group methodology to identify contextual elements impacting on CBM-related OL processes, and a survey-based evaluation to single out the most frequently used OL processes inside Italian construction SMEs. As main result, a CBM-oriented OL multi-level model offers a fine-grained understanding of contextual elements acting mutually as barriers and drivers for OL processes, as possible OL dynamics among them. The multi-level culture construct – composed of external stakeholders’, SC stakeholders’, and organizational culture – identify the key element to activate CBM-oriented OL processes. Main implications are related to the identification of cultural, structural, regulatory, and process contextual elements across the external, SC, and organizational levels, and their interrelation with applicable intraorganizational and interorganizational learning processes. The proposed model would contribute to an improved implementation of transitioning into the circular economy utilizing sustainable business models in the construction SMEs.
... We refer to Schneider and Spieth's (2013) review when arguing that DC can be evaluated as a decisive prerequisite for performing VPI. In their study on the German biotechnology industry, Hueske et al. (2015) conclude that a lack of DCs can significantly impede innovation. Pavlou and El Sawy (2011) provide quantitative empirical evidence on the positive relationship between DCs and new product development. ...
... Likewise, we follow previous arguments and underline that DCs are an antecedent to VPI, which is 'arguably within control of the firm' (Crossan & Apaydin, 2010, p. 1156. Hence, other than environmental factors (Hueske et al., 2015;Si & Chen, 2020), firms can develop their DCs, thereby being able to proactively influence the relationships between VPI and DI. ...
... However, research on new product development (NPD) has generally avoided instances where there is significant complexity in either or both the product itself and its context for adoption (Pich et al., 2002;Sihvonena and Pajunen, 2019). There have been longstanding calls for more longitudinal and multilevel research on NPD in cases of complex or large-scale innovations (Montoya-Weiss and Calantone, 1994;Klein and Sorra, 1996;Anderson et al., 2004;Gupta et al., 2007;Hitt et al., 2007;Page and Schirr, 2008;Crossan and Apaydin, 2010;Perks and Roberts, 2013;Hueske et al., 2015;Ardito et al., 2015;Van de Ven, 2017). ...
... Consequently, there have been calls for perspectives that draw on complexity science to better understand NPD projects and their evolutionary nature (Anderson, 1999;McCarthy et al., 2006;Baumann and Siggelkow, 2013;Akgün et al., 2014;Oyama et al., 2015). This is seen as a way of introducing a temporal and multi-level perspective (Langley, et al., 2013), linking processes and outcomes at individual, organizational and macro levels in innovation projects (Klein and Sorra, 1996;Anderson et al., 2004;Gupta et al., 2007;Crossan and Apaydin, 2010;Hueske et al., 2015). ...
When there is significant uncertainty in an innovation project, research literature suggests that strictly sequencing actions and stages may not be an appropriate mode of project management. We use a longitudinal process approach and qualitative system dynamics modelling to study the development of genetically modified (GM) mosquitoes for malaria eradication in an African country. Our data were collected in real time, from early scientific research to deployment of the first prototype mosquitoes in the field. The 'gene drive' technology for modifying the mosquitoes is highly complex and controversial due to risks associated with its characteristics as a
living, self-replicating technology. We show that in this case the innovation journey is linear and highly structured, but also embedded within a wider system of adoption that displays emergent behaviour. Although the need to control risks associated with the technology imposes a linearity to the NPD process, there are possibilities for deviation from a more structured sequence of stages. This arises from the effects of feedback loops in the wider system of evidence creation and learning at the population and governance levels, which
cumulatively impact on acceptance of the innovation. The NPD and adoption processes are therefore closely intertwined, meaning that the endpoint for R&D and beginning of 'mainstream' adoption and diffusion are unclear. A key challenge for those responsible for NPD and its regulation is to plan for the adoption of the technology while simultaneously conducting its scientific and technical development.
... Establishing routines and respect for the learning environment and other learners is an essential component of this HLP. Teachers can integrate instructional routines that reinforce active listening, cognitive engagement, working memory, self-advocacy and respectful interactions as they plan and deliver instruction across settingssee Table 2 for procedures and examples of practical application (Holzberg, Test, & Rusher, 2018;Hueske, Endrikat, & Guenther, 2015). ...
... If possible, consider the entire lesson from the physical perspective of students. Purposefully organise the environment to direct attention to important information and reinforce the relevance of what is being taught (Barkley, 2014;Hueske et al., 2015;McDougall et al., 2017). Furthermore, consistent schedules and routines can help students to complete tasks consistently and efficiently. ...
The use of evidence-based practices (EBPs) is a tenant of effective instruction for students with disabilities in general and special education classrooms. In fact, it is essential that teachers use EBPs across content areas as they would benefit all students and maximize opportunities for those with special needs (McLeskey et al., 2017). Often, students with disabilities have difficulty meeting the academic and social, emotional, and behavioral demands of inclusive classroom settings when effective EBPs are not consistently implemented (Cook, 2017). In 2017, the Council for Exceptional Children and the CEEDAR Center at the University of Florida identified a set of evidence-based, high-leverage practices (HLPs) with the goal to guide teacher educators and professional development providers in the task of teacher preparation. This article discusses the application of HLPs related to social, emotional and behavioral and instructional practices for students with disabilities in inclusive settings. The four HLPs addressed in this article are connected to the teachers’ ability to integrate multifaceted learning goals into instructional planning and delivery to create effective learning environments that may improve learning outcomes for students with (and perhaps without) disabilities across settings and content areas.
Keywords: High-leverage practices, critical teaching skills, instructional strategies, teacher behaviors, general education, special education
... Sustaining and enhancing information services, along with ensuring access to diverse knowledge sources, becomes increasingly challenging amid declining funding. Hueske et al. (2015) stated that external challenges faced by organizations, known as environmental barriers, pose uncertainties that hinder their ability to navigate external constraints similar to how they manage internal factors. Harris (2015) highlighted that academic library encounter various environmental pressures, including budgetary constraints, changes in the external landscape, increased demands for demonstrating value, and the need for assessment and accountability. ...
The growing need for innovation management in every component and operations of academic libraries cannot be overemphasized. This study the perceived influence of innovation management on library service delivery in selected academic libraries in Kwara State, Nigeria. The study adopts cross-sectional research design, and questionnaire was adopted for data collection. Out of one hundred and thirty (130) copies of questionnaire administered , only ninety-five (95) were returned completely and valid for the study. The findings indicated that the most adopted innovation management practices include e-learning, innovative human resource management, knowledge management, technology innovation, and leadership competence. The findings showed that the library services provided include circulation/reader services, user education, internet and email services, and research and training services. The findings revealed that innovation management positively influences library service delivery by enhancing knowledge sharing, supporting adaptability, boosting user engagement, fostering staff development, improving access to information, and expanding service delivery. The findings revealed that challenges associated with managing innovation include limited budgets, inadequate staff skills, difficulties in resource management , infrastructure deficiencies, and resistance to change. Results showed that the perceived benefits of innovation management include efficient service delivery, enhanced library image, improved user retention, effective resource use, increased user satisfaction, reduced theft/mutilation, and better organization of resources. The study concludes that with the benefits of innovation management in enhancing efficiency, improved user experiences , and better resource management, libraries still face challenges in implementing innovations. Academic libraries should prioritize fostering an innovation culture and enhancing financial literacy skills among staff.
... Disruptive green technological innovation has become the key to achieving sustainable competitive advantage [2]. The existing literature points out that the external environment [3], market positioning ability, technology opportunity perception ability and self-substitution ability of enterprises have a positive impact on disruptive technology innovation [4]. Compared with sustaining green technology innovation, disruptive green technological innovation needs more abundant novelty knowledge, so enterprises must actively acquire external knowledge. ...
... Algunas de las teorías abordadas por los estudios fueron la visión basada en recursos (Freel, 2000;Hadjimanolis, 1999;Hewit-Dundas, 2006), la teoría del sistema de innovación regional (Shi y Wu, 2017), la teoría de las partes interesadas y las capacidades dinámicas (Hueske et al, 2015). El alcance geográfico de las publicaciones sobre las barreras de innovación se concentró en países europeos como, España, Alemania, Reino Unido, Francia y Portugal, en el oriente China encabeza la lista y en el occidente Canadá, Brasil, Chile, México, Ecuador (Figura 4). ...
The objective of this research is to present the world frontier of knowledge and identify areas of research opportunity around innovation barriers. For this purpose, the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method was applied, through which 82 articles were analyzed from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The main results show a high heterogeneity among studies, specifically in those that seek to determine the impact of barriers on the decision to innovate. Its originality lies in the integrative approach, to date there have been no similar studies on the subject; the research makes a significant contribution, providing comprehensive information on the factors that limit innovation. The findings bring future lines of research closer to deepening regional studies. The variability of the results in the database searches was the study’s main limitation.
... Algunas de las teorías abordadas por los estudios fueron la visión basada en recursos (Freel, 2000;Hadjimanolis, 1999;Hewit-Dundas, 2006), la teoría del sistema de innovación regional (Shi y Wu, 2017), la teoría de las partes interesadas y las capacidades dinámicas (Hueske et al, 2015). El alcance geográfico de las publicaciones sobre las barreras de innovación se concentró en países europeos como, España, Alemania, Reino Unido, Francia y Portugal, en el oriente China encabeza la lista y en el occidente Canadá, Brasil, Chile, México, Ecuador (Figura 4). ...
El objetivo de esta investigación es presentar la frontera mundial del conocimiento e identificar las áreas de oportunidad en investigación alrededor de las barreras de innovación. Para ello se utilizó el método de Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura (RSL), donde se analizaron 82 artículos en las bases de datos Web of Science y Scopus. Los principales resultados muestran una alta heterogeneidad entre
estudios, específicamente en aquellos que buscan determinar el impacto de las barreras en la decisión de innovar. Su originalidad se encuentra en el enfoque integrador, a la fecha no se han realizado estudios similares sobre el tema; la investigación hace una contribución significativa, proporcionando información integral sobre los factores que limitan la innovación. Los hallazgos acercan las líneas
futuras de investigación a profundizar en estudios regionales. La variabilidad de los resultados en las búsquedas en las bases de datos fue la principal limitante del estudio.
... An appropriate business environment can be instrumental in advancing urban digitalization (Gupta & Bose, 2019). Firstly, it establishes a fair and transparent external environment for a city, significantly affecting the digital economy's dynamism and competitiveness (Hueske et al., 2015). By minimizing institutional transaction costs, it can ease the city's enterprise liquidity constraints, encouraging digital innovation and entrepreneurship (Kovač, 2016). ...
As China's urban digitalization strategy advances to a new stage, the urgent issue of promoting urban digitalization development by optimizing the business environment requires immediate attention. Scholars have illustrated the positive impact of urban digital development on both the environment and sustainable growth. In our study, we utilized the "Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE)" framework to analyze a series of exemplary urban digitalization cases in China from 2021 onward. This analysis was conducted using the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method. Our primary findings reveal that government policies, digital talents, and digital infrastructure are key drivers in advancing urban digitalization. Specifically, we identified four distinct pathways, all involving various combinations of government environment, digital talents, and digital infrastructure, leading to significant urban digitalization. These insights uncover the connection between the business environment and urban digital growth. This relationship not only offers valuable guidance for future urban digital initiatives but also supports the broader goals of urban environmental sustainability.
... Some scholars (Premkumar, 2003;Yuan et al., 2019) have suggested that the TOE framework can be more functional if individual factors are included. Many scholars indicated that the TOE framework could be enhanced through the addition of individual-level factors related to employees, corporate decision-makers and consumers (Ahmadi et al., 2017;Awa et al., 2017;Hueske et al., 2015;Wang and Lai, 2014). Furthermore, some scholars have found that individuals' comprehensive perceptions affect their decision-makings. ...
Purpose
Facial recognition payment is an emerging mobile payment method that uses human biometrics for personal identification. The purpose of this study is to examine how users' salient beliefs regarding the technology–organization–environment–individual (TOE–I) dimensions affect their attitudes and how attitudes subsequently influence the intention to use facial recognition payment in offline contactless services.
Design/methodology/approach
This study comprehensively investigates customers' decision-making psychological mechanism of using facial recognition payment by integrating the belief–attitude–intention (B–A–I) model and the extended TOE–I framework. Data from 420 valid samples were collected through an online survey and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling.
Findings
Research results indicate that convenience and perceived herd exert positive effects on trust and satisfaction. Meanwhile, familiarity has a significantly positive effect only on trust but not on satisfaction. In contrast, perceived privacy risk exhibits a negative effect on both trust and satisfaction. Trust and satisfaction positively influence the intention to use facial recognition payment. Unexpectedly, self-awareness negatively moderates the effect of satisfaction on intention to use, but its effect on the relationship between trust and intention to use is non-significant.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the early studies that explicate customers' psychological mechanism in facial recognition payment in offline contactless services through an understanding of the B–A–I causal linkages with the identification of users' perceptions from a comprehensive context-specific perspective. This study enriches the literature on facial recognition payment and explores the moderating role of self-awareness in the relationship between users' attitudes and intention to use, thereby revealing a complex psychological process in the usage of offline facial recognition payment systems.
... Green credit is one way through which banks embody social responsibility [17,22]. Luo et al. [2] studied the impact of green credit policies on commercial bank competitiveness in China in 2012. ...
Green credit is an important manifestation of commercial banks’ environmental responsibility, but few studies have examined the impact of green credit policies on the financial performance of commercial banks. Based on the panel data of 62 commercial banks in China from 2013 to 2020, this paper investigates the changes in financial performance due to the implementation of green credit policies in 2016 using the difference-in-differences (DID) method and explores the mediating mechanism of green credit affecting commercial banks’ profit. The sample was divided into a treatment and a control group. The treatment group disclosed total green credit data during the sample period, while the control group did not. The findings of this paper are as follows: (1) the implementation of the green credit policy increases the profits of commercial banks. (2) The green credit policy improves the profits of commercial banks by increasing their noninterest income and reducing their nonperforming loan ratios. (3) The green credit policy does not improve commercial banks’ profit by reducing their cost-to-income ratios. (4) The implementation of the green credit policy significantly improves the profits of banks with low (vs. high) nonperforming loan ratios. (5) Compared to large national banks, regional urban and agricultural commercial banks’ profits improve more significantly after executing the green credit policy. The research contribution of this paper provides a quantitative basis for Chinese commercial banks to improve their financial performance through the implementation of green credit in recent years and for the government to further improve green credit policies to motivate banks to implement green credit and achieve sustainable development. Then, we further discuss the implications for the prominent theoretical and managerial policies, study’s limitations, and future research directions.
... As an important measure for green development, green credit has positive significance in accelerating economic restructuring (Cornett et al. 2016;Hueske et al. 2015) and promoting sustainable development (Muhammad et al. 2015). In the context of the new normal of the economy, green credit in line with the concept of sustainable development has become the most important way for economic transformation. ...
Under the background of the new development pattern, the green credit market has ushered in a huge space for development. The monitoring and control of green credit risk is conducive to solving the negative impact of green credit risk and promoting the healthy development and smooth operation of the green credit market. This study first takes different provinces in China as samples; takes the data of government departments, financial institutions, enterprises, and other stakeholders as the monitoring content; and then uses the hybrid gray correlation degree-TOPSIS method to analyze. Next, this paper compares the green credit risk monitoring values of different regions at the same time and the same regions at different times. And it compares the green credit risk monitoring values of green finance pilot cities before and after the pilot. The research results show that there are obvious differences in eastern, central, and western regions in different time periods, and the green credit risk is also different in green finance pilot cities before and after the pilot. Stakeholders such as government departments, financial institutions, and enterprises need to take active measures to improve the efficiency of green credit risk management and achieve the sustainability of green credit development.
... Therefore, innovation capability research still plays an important role today. In order to increase our understanding of innovation, we need to identify positive factors, reveal and overcome barriers to innovation (Hueske et al., 2015). Our study provides a new way to improve product innovation capability and theoretically confirms its feasibility, supporting the practice of spurring innovation Third, our findings show that past performance and resources allocation capability could weaken the effects of the IOC on product innovation capability. ...
Purpose
How to promote innovation remains a challenge. In practice, some enterprises try to initiate an organizational crisis intentionally to spur innovation. This study approaches this practice and aims to explore the role of intentional organizational crisis in innovation.
Design/methodology/approach
This study conducted an empirical study. Data was collected from 297 companies in China by a questionnaire survey.
Findings
Results show the role of intentional organizational crisis in innovation. There is a U-shaped relationship between intentional organizational crisis and product innovation capability. Past performance and resources allocation capability moderate this relationship by weakening the impact of intentional organizational crisis on product innovation capability.
Originality/value
This study highlights the light and dark sides of intentional organizational crisis and explores its impact on innovation capability, providing some implications for practitioners to use crises as shocks to spur innovation and enriching the research of organizational crisis and innovation capability.
... To create new things or modify the existing initiate the struggles of the organizational members irrespective of the origin. In the age of globalization, internal innovation plays a significant role in attaining sustainable competitive advantage (Hueske et al., 2015). In organizations, internal innovation take place when it uses the ICTs (social media and internet) to acquire or search for external knowledge (Henry W Chesbrough, 2011). ...
These days, instead of developing and marketing new products in the market, organizations are shifting towards commercialization. Therefore, open innovation is of much importance in this era of industrialization. In this study, open innovation is used as a strategic tool to improve the service innovation and organizational performance of the Malaysian hospitality industry. Therefore, the objective of this research study is to examine the role of open innovation in business performance of Malaysian hospitality industry. A survey is conducted with the management of the organizations of the hospitality industry to collect data. Partial Least Square-Structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) tool is used to test the hypothesis and get results. The findings of the study highlighted that open innovation is the main source of boosting organizational performance in the hospitality industry of Malaysia. The increase in open innovation practices among hotels can increase the business performance by increasing return on investment, return on assets, return on sales and return on equity. The term open innovation incorporates ICT, innovation in the organization, and internal and external knowledge management. Accumulation of these elements forms a mechanism that results in an increase in organizational performance by incorporating service innovation. Hence, this study is most suitable to develop strategies for service innovation using open innovation that improves organizational performance.
... Michaelis et al. (2018)'s research provides empirical evidence for a clearer picture of innovation culture, as well as how innovation culture relates to new product performance. Hueske et al. (2015)'s research uses stakeholder theory to identify external innovation barriers and takes the external environment as a single level of analysis. ...
This paper extends previous studies on the organizational innovation by analyzing the impact of talent ecosystem on firm innovation performance in innovative enterprises. In addition, the mediating effect of collaborative innovation on the relationship between talent ecosystem and firm innovation performance is analyzed. Grounded in the Resource -Based View (RBV) theory, this paper develops an integrative research model which analyzes those relations using structural equation modeling on a dataset of 176 innovative enterprises. Results suggest that talent competence, organizational environment and regional environment of talent ecosystem have a significant positive impact on collaborative innovation, and organizational environment has a stronger effect on collaborative innovation; talent ecosystem can influence innovation performance to different degrees through the mediating role of collaborative innovation (technology synergy and capability synergy); technology synergy in collaborative innovation positively affects innovation performance, while Technology synergy in collaborative innovation positively affects innovation performance, while capability synergy has no significant effect on innovation performance. The findings of the study provide new ideas for enterprises to improve talent ecosystem and enhance innovation performance.
... The role of green credit is mainly reflected in two aspects: First, through rational resource allocation, financial institutions enable green credit to guide the flow of funds to environmental protection enterprises and promote enterprises to reduce emissions (Muhammad et al. 2015). Second, green credit can promote green production and industrial structure optimization and transform the mode of economic development (Cornett et al. 2016;Hueske et al. 2014). In brief, green credit will help promote the transformation of the economy from high-speed growth to high-quality sustainable development. ...
Controlling green credit risk is conducive to increasing the confidence of financial institutions, improving the enthusiasm of enterprises for green innovation, and promoting the sustainable development of green credit and the high-quality development of green economy. This paper puts government intervention, green technology innovation, and regulatory action into the same theoretical framework and puts forward the green credit risk transmission mechanisms which involve the transmission relationship and transmission path on the basis of the influencing factors. Then, this research uses stationary time series data (from the "China Statistical Yearbook," the "Statistical Yearbook" of various provinces, the annual reports of listed companies, etc.) to analyze the current situation of green credit risk in different regions. From the systematic perspective, this study verifies the transmission path of green credit risk and tests the rationality and effectiveness of the green credit risk transmission mechanisms. The research shows that the management of green credit risk requires the active actions of government departments, financial institutions, green enterprises, and regulatory departments.
... SLRs have been widely applied in research for summarising and analysing previous knowledge in a systematic, replicable and reliable manner [47]. SLRs have been traditionally used in the medical sciences [48], but due to their suitability for objectivity maximisation in qualitative research, they have proven a key method in many scientific fields, including business, environmental science, technologies and political sciences [49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. Two different key strings were used, one for identifying the barriers and one for the drivers. ...
Around 20% of the global water abstractions are originated by the industrial sector, while water demand overall will increase by 20–33% by 2050. Wastewater could provide an alternative source of water for industrial activities. There are not many studies exploring the potential of treated wastewater use under a private–public partnership (PPP), despite their potential of contributing to an effective integrated water management through the creation of inter-sectorial synergies. This paper aims therefore to provide a holistic overview of the main factors that affect the effectiveness of PPPs in using treated municipal wastewater in the industrial sector. Through a systematic literature review, the main barriers, drivers, industries and different applications of water use are analysed. Barriers and drivers are classified through the inductive Gioia method into seven categories. The results showed that economic and technical aspects related to the feasibility of the scheme were most prominent in the literature, while water availability seems to be central driving factor for such water reuse schemes. The conclusion of PPPs in water reuse, however, relies on the possibilities for such a partnership and on bridging the needs of the two parties, which entails effective communication through negotiation and information sharing. This paper is a first step to understanding how water circularity practices under an interconnected and sustainable urban environment can be facilitated and explored.
... Organizational innovation is an idea, item, event, method, which is felt or observed as something new to a person or group of people (society), whether it is in the form of inventions or disk conversion [6]. While, Hueske, Endrikat, and Guenther [19] shows that, organizational innovation as the successful application of creative ideas in companies, organizational mechanisms to adapt in dynamic environments. Therefore, the organization must be able to create assessments as well as new ideas and offer innovative products. ...
... Für die Einordnung von Hemmnissen und ihren involvierten Interessengruppen eignet sich das "External environment Organization Group Individual barrier model" (EOGI-Hemmnis Modell) [38]. Es entspringt der Innovationsforschung und kann dazu beitragen, Wirkungszusammenhänge zu strukturieren, um die Komplexität des Sachverhaltes zu reduzieren [39]. Das Modell benennt innerhalb von vier Ebenen sogenannte "Schlüsselakteure" [40], die im Sinne der Stakeholdertheorie als Betroffene gelten [41]. ...
Das DGNB System im Neubau hat den Anspruch eine ganzheitliche Beurteilung eines Gebäudes im Sinne des nachhaltigen Bauens sicherzustellen. Dieser Artikel untersucht, welche Hemmnisse aus Sicht der DGNB Auditoren im Rahmen des Zertifizierungsprozesses zur Bewertung der ökologischen Qualität auftreten können. Experteninterviews mit drei Auditoren bilden die Basis für einen strukturierten Fragebogen, der an alle im Jahre 2020 registrierten DGNB Auditoren verschickt wurde. Während die Interviews der explorativen Identifizierung und Systematisierung von Störfaktoren dienen, prüft der Fragebogen empirisch, inwieweit sich diese auf den zeitlichen Verlauf der Zertifizierung und das Erlangen der höchstmöglichen Bewertungspunktzahl auswirken. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass überwiegend mittlere bis große Hemmnisse existieren, die sowohl eine Verzögerung verursachen als auch die Gesamtpunktzahl reduzieren. Als entscheidendste gehen die Schnittstellenkooperation und ein später Integrationszeitpunkt des DGNB Konzeptes in der Neubauplanung hervor. Der Artikel suggeriert, dass eine frühzeitige Einbindung des DGNB Auditors maßgeblich die Umsetzung des nachhaltigen Bauens in der Praxis beeinflusst.
... Barrier analysis has been applied successfully to the German biotechnology industry to identify internal organisational barriers towards developing process innovations and the key stakeholders that should be engaged with to overcome social and political barriers which may exist [34]. These barriers can be organisation-specific or exist at a wider scale [35], such as at societal level. Engaging in the process of discovering barriers and formulating strategies to overcome them can aid organisations in discovering new forms of best practices to overcome critical challenges and diffuse these practices into the operations of their supply chains and customers [36]. ...
The business case for circular economy in water management perspective has gain relevance in the recent times. By 2030, it is estimated that 160% of global total available water will be required to satisfy demand of anthropogenic-related activities and increasing waste-related water will be produced. Gaps on the conceptual framing of water reuse within supply chain management are clearly emerging and the demand for decision support systems helping at assessing effective water consumption in industrial setting is pressing. Despite the numerous local initiatives towards wastewater resource usage, barriers remain for its implementation in practice. Through a systematic review of previous studies in this field, the barriers towards the uptake of wastewater use in agriculture were classified according to the PESTEL (political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal) framework. Alongside political and legal support, it is identified that for an economically and environmentally sustainable scheme for incentivising the deployment of feasible technologies, there is also a need to gain acceptance for wastewater usage in society in order to enhance the deployment of existing technological solutions. Addressing these factors in tandem can aid the development towards a circular economy for wastewater.
... Considering the multiple contexts during micro-level measurement, delineation of the causes and effects during the process of innovation are methodologically challenging. There are only a few attempts at the individual level of enquiry, which, at the same time, take into consideration the multiple contexts and their potential impacts on innovation (Meyer -Goes 1988;Hueske et al. 2015 are two examples). ...
Entrepreneurial innovation is a complex phenomenon. Experimenting with research designs that could claim some degree of generalizable linking between the individual and external influencing factors is challenging. However, progress even in research niches can contribute to a more structured understanding of the process. This article focuses on the first stages of entrepreneurial innovation, using a novel questionnaire design. Responses were collected from two Hungarian universities (147 and 127 responses, respectively) and analysed using Structural Equation Modelling. The results confirm that entrepreneurial innovation success in the early stage is shaped by macro-level factors, which have an influence on risk perception through locus of control. The paper makes two contributions, demonstrating (1) the possibility of using questionnaire survey for analysing multiple levels if the narrative is under control, and (2) how individual entrepreneurs approach the start of their innovation-based business, upon which personality and environmental factors both have significant impact.
... Risk management is also another important aspect of sustainable innovation. For example, firms that do not consider social factors as part of their product or process innovations may pass on more risk to their customers and may face more risk of losing their business than their counterparts (Iles and Martin, 2013;Hueske et al., 2015). ...
This study identifies a list of barriers that hinders adoption, implementation and upscaling of sustainable supply chain innovation in the manufacturing industry. It further proposes overcoming strategies that seek to aid management decision to dealing with these barriers systematically. A multi-criteria decision analysis method, the Best-Worst Method (BWM), is adopted to aid in the evaluation and prioritisation of the barriers and their overcoming strategies within the Indian manufacturing industry, an emerging economy. The results depict that, “lack of technical expertise and training”, “lack of R&D and innovation capabilities”, “popularity of traditional technology”, “high initial investment in latest technology” and “fear of extra workload and loss of flexibility” are the top five barriers that confronts the Indian manufacturing companies in their quest for adopting and implementing sustainable supply chain innovation practices. In addition, the overcoming strategic pathway for dealing with these barriers are provided. The findings provide managerial and policy insights for guiding the formation of strategic operations framework and resource allocation if these Indian manufacturing firms seeks to build sustainability into their supply chain innovations.
... Significant changes in agricultural systems are anticipated because of the convergence of new digital technologies, including, for example, real-time monitoring through sensors, big data, the Internet of Things, machine learning and cloud computing (Bramley and Ouzman, 2018;Wolfert et al., 2017). In some cases, this may lead to digital disruption, which is a term used to denote significant change in a system, with dominant individuals, organisations, practices, and technologies both emerging and ceasing to exist, being by-passed or re-designed (Hueske et al., 2015;Leonard et al., 2017). This digital agricultural future has previously been referred to as agriculture 4.0 (Rose and Chilvers, 2018). ...
Digitalisation is widely regarded as having the potential to provide productivity and sustainability gains for the agricultural sector. However, there are likely to be broader implications arising from the digitalisation of agricultural innovation systems. Agricultural knowledge and advice networks are important components of agricultural innovation systems that have the potential to be digitally disrupted. In this paper, we review trends within agricultural knowledge and advice networks both internationally and in Australia, to anticipate and prepare for potential transformations in these networks. Through a combined structured and traditional review of relevant literature, we come to three key conclusions regarding the state-of-the-art. First, the connectivity of humans and technologies in agricultural knowledge and advice networks and value chains will likely continue to increase. Second, transparency of agricultural practices and informational interaction between farmers, advisors, agri-businesses, consumers and regulators will drive and be driven by growing connectivity. Finally, there are likely to be challenges balancing the priorities of various agricultural stakeholders as agricultural innovation systems digitalise. These findings have implications for the oversight of international agri-food sectors.
... Beyond the technical knowledge on the nutritional values of this by-product and its potential use in animal feed, this article shows that the coordination of the actors in the sector remains the key to creating incentives for the adoption and dissemination of this new animal feed technique. This study contributes to enriching the recent scientific literature on obstacles and levers to the development of innovative practices with low environmental impact (Hueske et al, 2015;Pinget et al, 2015;Suprun and Stewart, 2015;Granoff et al, 2016;Coreynen et al, 2018;Karlsson-Vinkhuyzen et al, 2018) particularly in agriculture (Pissonnier et al, 2016;Smith, 2016;Tran and Weger, 2018;Caffaro and Cavallo, 2019;Magrini et al, 2019). ...
Faced with the challenge of food security in developing countries, the valorization of agricultural by-products in animal feed is an effective strategy if several conditions are met by the various actors in the agro-industrial sectors. This article, based on qualitative surveys of agri-food and livestock industry stakeholders in Algeria, provides an analysis of the brakes and levers for the creation of incentives for the adoption and dissemination of the use of tomato pulp in animal feed. Beyond the technical knowledge on the nutritional values of this by-product and its potential use in animal feed, this work shows that the main strategies currently implemented by food manufacturers for the recovery of tomato pulp remain sporadic and do not offer the possibility of expanding the market for the recovery of tomato pulp. The coordination of the actors in the sector remains the key to creating incentives for the adoption and dissemination of this new animal feed technique.
... Various authors present the following barriers to innovations as the most important for European SMEs: high costs of innovations, low-qualified and uninterested human resource departments, a corporate culture which does not support the innovative activities of employees, an administrative burden created by the state, ineffective information flows, and, finally, government policy (Demirbas et al., 2011). On the other hand, if enterprises are able to recognize the barriers within a short time, they are more likely to find solutions for eliminating them (Hueske et al., 2015). Therefore, the effort to identify the main barriers to innovation activities has become the subject of many researches. ...
Several research studies concur with the claim that the government, through its measures and active instruments, should influence the business environment, the innovation activity of enterprises and thus their competitiveness. It is the creation of motivating conditions and the elimination of some barriers that are the main area of government involvement in the innovative performance and competitiveness of the economy. The article analyzes the achievement of the goals set in the particular innovation policies of the Slovak Republic from 2008 to the present. The paper also identifies barriers which have been affecting innovation activities of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Slovakia for the last six years. Secondary data from the research of the Slovak Innovation and Energy Agency are supported by data from empirical research performed in 2014 and repeated in 2017 in Slovakia. The authors use methods of analysis, comparison, deduction, as well as mathematical methods for processing the data collected. The representativeness of the samples was examined using Fisher’s exact test. The research questions were answered by the non-parametric Friedman’s test of variance analysis by ranks along with McNemar’s test of marginal homogeneity among the barriers. The results confirmed that there was a significant difference among the innovation barriers to SMEs as well as in the importance of barriers to the particular size classes of respondents. Similarly, there was a shift in the rank of the most important barriers over the period of 2012 – 2017.
Purpose
This study highlights the significance of knowledge management in the relationship between organizational ambidexterity and organizational performance within the context of Indonesian SMEs.
Design/methodology/approach
The study adopts a quantitative research approach, employing a survey questionnaire to collect data from a sample of SMEs operating in Indonesia. Structural Equation Modeling using Partial Least Square is used to investigate the relationship between variables.
Findings
The findings of this study show that in the context of small and medium enterprises, the variables of environmental and technological uncertainty are not driving factors in organizational ambidexterity. In contrast, market uncertainty has a significant effect on organizational ambidexterity. Moreover, it is also found that knowledge management does not support the variables of environmental, market, and technological uncertainty on organizational ambidexterity in small and medium enterprises. The results show that knowledge management plays a significant role in organizational ambidexterity. It also shows that knowledge management could support a significant way between organizational ambidexterity and organizational performance.
Originality/value
The findings of this study give insights for SMEs to attain a sustainable competitive edge in a dynamic business landscape by implementing efficient knowledge management techniques that bolster their ambidextrous capacities.
Nowe lub istotnie ulepszone produkty i procesy biznesowe są jedną z kluczowych podstaw budowania przewagi konkurencyjnej przedsiębiorstw, państw i ich regionów. W tej perspektywie istotna staje się nie tylko identyfikacja czynników sprzyjających i wzmacniających procesy innowacyjne, ale także ograniczających te działania. W niniejszym artykule przybliżono istotę barier działalności innowacyjnej i dokonano ich podziału, charakteryzując m.in. przeszkody: ujawnione i odstraszające, wewnętrzne i zewnętrzne oraz kosztowe, dotyczące wiedzy, rynkowe i instytucjonalne. Badania empiryczne – oparte na danych gromadzonych przez GUS w ramach sprawozdań o innowacjach w przemyśle i sektorze usług – ukierunkowano na uchwycenie wiodących ograniczeń innowacyjności wielkopolskich przedsiębiorstw wraz z rozpoznaniem ewentualnych różnic w percepcji przeszkód dla innowacji wśród jednostek przemysłowych i usługowych z perspektywy 2019 i 2021 r. W opinii wielkopolskich przedsiębiorców zasadnicze ograniczenia innowacyjności generują czynniki kosztowe (zbyt wysokie koszty działalności innowacyjnej, trudności w pozyskaniu dotacji i subsydiów publicznych, brak możliwości finansowania innowacji ze źródeł wewnętrznych i zewnętrznych), dotyczące wiedzy (niedobór pracowników o odpowiednich umiejętnościach) oraz rynkowe (zbyt duża konkurencja na rynku). Bariery te są odczuwane z różnym natężeniem, częściej w przemyśle niż usługach, a ich negatywne oddziaływanie – mimo pozytywnych odchyleń w latach 2019–2021 – nie uległo osłabieniu do satysfakcjonującego poziomu. W świetle uzyskanych wyników badań zasadne wydaje się podjęcie działań zorientowanych na: zwiększenie dostępności do zróżnicowanych źródeł finansowania procesów innowacyjnych, kształcenie kompetentnych kadr pracowniczych, wsparcie wielkopolskich przedsiębiorstw w budowaniu ich pozycji konkurencyjnej.
Social entrepreneurship is typically thought of as the pursuit of a commercial activity with the primary goal to achieve societal impact. The European school of thought on social entrepreneurship emphasizes one more constituent element of social entrepreneurship namely, stakeholder engagement, especially beneficiary engagement, through organizing the decision-making as a participatory process to foster local democracy.
However, there is limited research on engagement through social entrepreneurship; and this is mostly published in practitioner-oriented journals. Engaging with literature about citizen engagement in science and technology shows that these findings regarding hardware (methods, tools), software (mindset), and orgware (embedding in organisational structures and processes) can stimulate social entrepreneurship research. Both engagement processes share similar aims. The normative argument values democracy and empowerment and aims to nurture it through engagement. Instrumental and substantial arguments claim that engagement leads to better fitting and accepted innovations. In addition, implementing engagement faces similar barriers in both fields.
Following the three lenses of hardware, software, and orgware, we analyse engagement in social entrepreneurship research. Concluding, we identify avenues for future research on the process of engagement and its contribution to the societal impact of the social enterprise. Future research is needed to understand how engagement practices influence the societal impact, especially local democracy, of social enterprises, and how this relationship is influenced by engagement competences of the social entrepreneur and engagement experiences of the beneficiary as well as the degree to which engagement practices are embedded in the social enterprise.
A noção de território tem sido cada vez mais utilizada para definir espaços de forma a permitir análises centradas no estudo do desenvolvimento local. Embora este conceito ainda esteja em construção, parece óbvio que um território se define não só por suas condições naturais, mas também por seus aspectos econômicos, sociais e culturais. Partindo dessa assertiva, este estudo considera que os territórios possuem um conjunto de características naturais e construídas que estimulam ou dificultam a geração, absorção e utilização da tecnologia por seus agentes. Assim, o desenvolvimento tecnológico em um território não dependeria apenas da ação empreendedora de seus agentes socioeconômicos, mas também das condições preexistentes nos territórios onde atuam. Para avançar nessa discussão, este artigo propõe o conceito de capacidade tecnológica territorial (CTT) e apresenta um modelo analítico capaz de medi-la. O artigo faz uma revisão da literatura sobre territórios, desenvolvimento territorial e capacidade tecnológica que sustenta o conceito e modelo propostos. De fato, conhecer a capacidade tecnológica dos territórios pode fornecer subsídios relevantes para o estabelecimento de políticas públicas e privadas que estimulem a criação, transferência e adoção de inovações tecnológicas voltadas para o desenvolvimento territorial. O conceito desenvolvido abre a possibilidade de abordar o desenvolvimento tecnológico dos territórios a partir de uma nova perspectiva analítica.
Municipal wastewater is a major source of water for multiple uses, particularly in water-scarce regions. It is now recognized as a valuable resource rather than a waste stream with a focus toward resource recovery. Tailored technologies, adaptive policies, and regulations, as well as innovative finance mechanisms that create an enabling environment, need to be in place. In doing so, wastewater use should be an essential component in new policies for a circular economy, which aims to decouple economic activity from finite resource consumption. If safely managed, wastewater use can also be an important strategy to alleviate pollution in ecosystems, while producing green business opportunities. There is an increasing diversity of available technologies for resource recovery from wastewater in the presence of major challenges due to a lack of systematic planning and design to identify and implement sustainable solutions in the context of a circular economy and a Nexus thinking approach. Acceptance of reused wastewater by people and policymakers still remains a challenge. This acceptance is linked to many aspects including the general absence of adequate national legislation and the insufficiency of information sharing about the advantages, the progress in technological performance, and the safety regarding the environment and human health. There are still barriers spanning several complex and multiple dimensions that impede, delay, or completely block the expanded use of municipal wastewater. The good news is that options are available and if responsible decision-makers are aware, these barriers can be actively overcome.
The COVID-19 pandemic is challenging the growth and future of businesses globally and technological innovation, via digital means, has been identified as a key factor for brands to survive the pandemic. However, whilst the majority of decision-makers in sports clubs recognise the value of innovation, less than half have a clear strategy in this area generally let alone in digital innovation. This chapter examines the opportunities and barriers for sporting brands in adopting digital innovations to engage fans.
Indonesia is amongst the world’s largest populated countries and has a rich cultural heritage. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the sense of place value and the actors involved in indigenous entrepreneurship in Indonesia tourism. To do this, the history and cultural significance of indigeneous entrepreneur in Indonesia are discussed with the aim of building knowledge about entrepreneurial endeavours. This enables more information to be acquired about the role of place and actors in developing Indonesian indigeneous entrepreneurship. Managerial and practical implications of embedding a cultural heritage into entrepreneurial endeavours is discussed. Thereby this chapter contributes to the burgeoning literature on Indonesian entrepreneurship.
The progress of agricultural technological transfer in accordance with socio-economic conditions has long been recognized as an obstacle in accelerating agricultural development. After two decades of implementing decentralization, Indonesian agricultural technological transfer has become more complex. The purpose of this study is to identify the performance of the agricultural technological transfer after two decades of implementation of the decentralization in Indonesia. The lack of collaboration between the various agriculture institutions, as well as a centralistic approach in agricultural development for more than three decades considered to be the main inhibiting factor of the effectiveness of technological transfer. The implementation of the decentralization policy in early 2001 has affected in changes fundamental of the organizational structure and management of government institutions that carry out extension functions in agriculture. This fundamental change has implications in the performance of most agricultural sector’s organizations and personnel. Developing agricultural sustainable development requires collaboration between local, regional and central levels. In creating decentralized agricultural policy, including the technology transfer and innovation, it will be effective when they have commitment to a mutually support between related institutions. Pentahelix sinergy among stakeholders in local level will be substantial for maintaining long term agricultural sustainable development goals.
The green credit policy is one of the key components of environmental policy. It has become an important issue to study how to implement the green credit policy and to evaluate its effect. From the perspective of environmental regulation, this paper attempts to construct a comprehensive score of commercial banks' competence by factor analysis, and constructs a quasi-natural experiment based on “Green Credit Guidelines” published in 2012 and uses Differences-in-Differences (DID) to test the impact of green credit implementation on commercial banks' core competence. The results show that green credit has a significant effect on the overall bank competence. Among them, the promotion effect of urban and rural commercial banks is higher than the industry average, and the promotion effect has weakened in the years after the policy was announced. Furthermore, from the dual perspectives of credit risk and reputation risk, the Difference-in-Difference-in-Difference (DDD) is used to test the impact mechanism of green credit on the core competence of banks. The results show that, compared with banks with lower credit risk and reputation risk, banks with higher credit risk and reputation risk experience greater enhancement in core competence by green credit.
In practice what they preach in research and education, higher education institutions (HEIs) must consider economic, ecological, and social impacts in their quest for sustainable operations. We contribute to the understanding of sustainable transformation and responsible management through the development of a dual analysis of barriers and drivers to derive implementation strategies. In drawing on stakeholder theory, dynamic capabilities, and organisational psychology, we proposed a multilevel analysis of barriers and drivers to identify their manifestations in relation to the external environmental, organisational, group, and individual (EOGI) levels. Using sustainable operations as an illustrating example, we demonstrated how the multilevel barrier and driver analysis, as specified by the theory-driven EOGI subcategories, improved implementation strategies. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review combined with a content analysis, after which, we synthesised the barriers and drivers of 56 empirical studies, derived 30 strategies for sustainability, and compared them to recent review results. As a result, we have identified avenues for future research and implications for policy and practice. Where current research tends to place more emphasis on environmental impact in comparison to other sustainability dimensions, we call for a more comprehensive multilevel barrier and driver analysis to acknowledge sustainability as a multidimensional and interrelated construct, while accounting for the characteristics of HEIs and the members of the organisations.
In practice what they preach in research and education, higher education institutions (HEIs) must consider economic, ecological, and social impacts in their quest for sustainable operations. We contribute to the understanding of sustainable transformation and responsible management through the development of a dual analysis of barriers and drivers to derive implementation strategies. In drawing on stakeholder theory, dynamic capabilities, and organisational psychology, we proposed a multilevel analysis of barriers and drivers to identify their manifestations in relation to the external environmental, organisational, group, and individual (EOGI) levels. Using sustainable operations as an illustrating example, we demonstrated how the multilevel barrier and driver analysis, as specified by the theory-driven EOGI subcategories, improved implementation strategies. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review combined with a content analysis, after which, we synthesised the barriers and drivers of 56 empirical studies, derived 30 strategies for sustainability, and compared them to recent review results. As a result, we have identified avenues for future research and implications for policy and practice. Where current research tends to place more emphasis on environmental impact in comparison to other sustainability dimensions, we call for a more comprehensive multilevel barrier and driver analysis to acknowledge sustainability as a multidimensional and interrelated construct, while accounting for the characteristics of HEIs and the members of the organisations.
TBCs are ventures formed by entrepreneurs whose core is technical knowledge and which are sometimes accompanied by business incubators. It is estimated that the earnings of TBCs incubated in Brazil are more than R$550 million and that they generate around 14 thousand jobs. Thus, given the importance of TBCs for a country's social and economic development, this research is justified, which aims to measure the innovative capacity of TBCs linked to incubators of Brazilian technology-based companies. The chosen methodology was descriptive research, of quantitative nature, whose data collection technique uses the Innovation Radar questionnaire. The sample of this study had the participation of 62 incubated in the incubation stage in 22 incubators located in the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, and Distrito Federal. Among other results, the study showed that, in a sectorial analysis, mining companies in the service sector are not very innovative and the other occasional innovators, as well as that the industries of Mato Grosso do Sul are not very innovative and the other occasional innovators. Finally, in comparison, all TBCs that participated in the research are occasional innovators, that is, in general, the entire sample was characterized as an occasional innovator.
Despite the growing importance of management practices, few studies have empirically examined the influence of technology management on product innovation, especially in the presence of technological capability. This article explores how technology management relates to product innovation through the contingency role of technological capability. The results of correspondence analysis to test the proposed hypotheses showed that the technology management practices that are closely associated with product innovation performance are not identical in different technological capability stages. In the low technological capability stage, information management, equipment management and fund management have greater correlations with product innovation performance; in the medium technological capability stage, human resource management, organization management, quality management and standardized management have greater correlations with product innovation performance; in the high technological capability stage, cultural management, achievement management, and risk management have greater correlations with product innovation performance. The research results theoretically deepen the understanding of how technology management exerts its impact and provide theoretical guidance for the improvement of product innovation performance for firms in different technological capability stages.
Purpose
Novel engineering designs are usually infeasible for manufacturing or fail to meet the required performance. The dissimilar functionalities and mindsets between design and manufacturing pose challenges, as well as opportunities for innovation projects. This paper aims to report the innovation process that prototyped a novel engineering design of a haptic device in an engineering research lab. The innovation process went through several design generations. Interaction between design and manufacturing drove the innovation toward both better and worse directions between generations.
Design/methodology/approach
Using the case research method, the steps of theoretical proposition development, case selection, data collection, data analysis and theory modification were followed. By interviewing the key persons, the characteristics, issues and recommendations for improvement of the innovation process were identified.
Findings
It was found that technical issues were not the hurdles in the innovation process. Instead, managing the inter-organizational mechanism proved critical to its eventual success. The educational gap between the design and manufacturing groups gave rise to communicational and perceptional distance, while the gap in terms of work experience between the two groups enlarged that distance.
Research limitations/implications
The research results may be limited to cases with similar organizational and technological contexts.
Practical implications
Within an organization, the design and the manufacturing divisions are separated by a functional gap. The functional gap should be managed with multiple views, namely, technical, personal and organizational perspectives. The identified innovation process could help bridge such a gap and facilitate innovative engineering designs in research institutes.
Originality/value
The effectiveness of the innovation process was, thus, found to be determined by the positive or negative reinforcement of these two gaps between the design and manufacturing of the research institute.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore innovation barriers in academic libraries. Through analysis of barriers to innovation, the authors can further elucidate the nature of innovation in academic library settings, which can help remove factors that hamper innovation.
Design/methodology/approach
Using a qualitative case study to explore the innovation processes for two academic libraries, this study includes interviews with 28 interviewees, from senior leadership positions to practical librarians, to analyze the barriers to innovation they have experienced.
Findings
Building on a literature review, this study proposes a barrier to innovation framework for academic libraries. The qualitative findings identified two specific barrier types that academic libraries face, environmental and organizational barriers, identifying 19 barrier factors that intertwine to yield seven dimensions across the two levels of analysis. It is advised that library leadership team should both encourage innovative behaviors and eliminate the innovation barriers to enhance library innovation capacities.
Originality/value
The insights from this study can help the library managers of academic libraries to develop preemptive actions for dealing with various barrier scenarios, and thereby enhance possibilities of successful innovations.
Research and development activities need an ambidextrous organization as they are both, explorative and exploitative. Building on multiple case studies, we are able to identify the specific challenges of different organizational forms to support ambidexterity by applying a barriers approach to innovation. We discuss possible underlying reasons for these challenges and suggest solutions based on different roles in innovation management.
Research and development activities need an ambidextrous organization as they are both, explorative and exploitative. Building on multiple case studies, we are able to identify the specific challenges of different organizational forms to support ambidexterity by applying a barriers approach to innovation. We discuss possible underlying reasons for these challenges and suggest solutions based on different roles in innovation management.
The globalization of infrastructure and building projects allows firms to operate subsidiary offices around the world. Furthermore, new technologies are rapidly changing work environments, thus enabling these companies to implement new work practices and processes to exploit new opportunities. The international design and engineering organizations, for example, now have the possibility to develop structures and processes that enable collaborative work by decomposing work tasks and distributing them across offices dispersed around the world. This exploratory research uses a series of qualitative case studies to investigate key characteristics of worksharing practices in project-based global design and engineering companies. Specifically, this paper identifies early results regarding the motivations, organizational strategies, success factors and barriers for worksharing within multinational design and engineering companies. This research aims to better understand the process of work distribution in international design and engineering companies and to extend existing knowledge with an empirical insight to this problem.
While the economic impact of biotechnology is disputed, empirical data and research about diffusion and economic impacts of biotechnology in application sectors is rather limited. In this paper, actual and prospective diffusion of biotechnology in different application industries is analysed on a disaggregated level by combining production data with a written expert survey. On the basis of these results, an input-output model was used to calculate the direct and indirect employment effects of biotechnology in Germany for the years 2004 and 2020. The results suggest a further diffusion of biotechnology in all application sectors. The subsequent employment occurs in both application industries and upstream sectors.
The article shows how new policy tools are designed in the Mediterranean countries for the monitoring of research and innovation. It relies on the results of a large European project, ESTIME, funded by the European Union that aimed at describing the state of research and technology policies and systems of partner countries in the Mediterranean. Other initiatives are also mentioned that aimed at gathering information on research and innovation systems in the Middle East and North African countries (MENA). The article presents the importance of the European Union as a reference for this monitoring activity. It also shows that the new tools, for example, innovation surveys, are a part of the policy process itself. Finally, it presents the main characteristics of public policies, their recent turn toward innovation and the effects that these policies have had on the institutions and actors promoting innovation which we propose to call the ‘innovation world’. Two examples are presented in more detail, Tunisia and Morocco, since both countries have been actively promoting innovation policies and have developed innovation surveys.
Research has frequently argued that firms need to pursue exploratory and exploitative innovation strategies to be viable in an environment of technological change and intensified competition. However, it remains unclear whether exploratory and exploitative innovations are equally successful in different institutional environments. This meta-analysis synthesizes previous empirical findings to reveal under which institutional conditions firms benefit most from exploratory or exploitative innovation. We distinguish between institutional conditions that affect the success derived from exploratory and exploitative innovations through (a) the availability of resources and (b) attitudes toward innovation and the willingness of stakeholders to allocate resources to both innovation types. Our results show that national culture has a strong impact on the success of exploratory innovations, whereas only uncertainty avoidance influences the benefits derived from exploitative innovations. Socioeconomic conditions are equally important for the success of both innovation types. Our findings are of high practical relevance as due to increasing globalization more and more firms operate internationally and managers have choices regarding the location of their exploratory and exploitative innovation activities.
This paper critically assesses the potential and barriers for food system transformation from the conventional to an organic model by utilising the literature on system innovation. Based on the analysis of two food supply chains in the UK, namely chicken and potato production and processing, the paper demonstrates that the current conventional food system appears to be resilient to radical change. Instead, mainstream actors of the conventional food system adopt organic production as a part of their diversification strategy. Considering the potential of niche innovations, such as organic production, to transform the existing system, the paper discusses whether key elements of the system allow such a change.
This paper focuses on dynamic capabilities and, more generally, the resource‐based view of the firm. We argue that dynamic capabilities are a set of specific and identifiable processes such as product development, strategic decision making, and alliancing. They are neither vague nor tautological. Although dynamic capabilities are idiosyncratic in their details and path dependent in their emergence, they have significant commonalities across firms (popularly termed ‘best practice’). This suggests that they are more homogeneous, fungible, equifinal, and substitutable than is usually assumed. In moderately dynamic markets, dynamic capabilities resemble the traditional conception of routines. They are detailed, analytic, stable processes with predictable outcomes. In contrast, in high‐velocity markets, they are simple, highly experiential and fragile processes with unpredictable outcomes. Finally, well‐known learning mechanisms guide the evolution of dynamic capabilities. In moderately dynamic markets, the evolutionary emphasis is on variation. In high‐velocity markets, it is on selection. At the level of RBV, we conclude that traditional RBV misidentifies the locus of long‐term competitive advantage in dynamic markets, overemphasizes the strategic logic of leverage, and reaches a boundary condition in high‐velocity markets. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
This paper focuses on dynamic capabilities and, more generally, the resource-based view of the firm. We argue that dynamic capabilities are a set of specific and identifiable processes such as product development, strategic decision making, and alliancing. They are neither vague nor tautological. Although dynamic capabilities are idiosyncratic in their details and path dependent in their emergence, they have significant commonalities across firms (popularly termed ‘best practice’). This suggests that they are more homogeneous, fungible, equifinal, and substitutable than is usually assumed. In moderately dynamic markets, dynamic capabilities resemble the traditional conception of routines. They are detailed, analytic, stable processes with predictable outcomes. In contrast, in high-velocity markets, they are simple, highly experiential and fragile processes with unpredictable outcomes. Finally, well-known learning mechanisms guide the evolution of dynamic capabilities. In moderately dynamic markets, the evolutionary emphasis is on variation. In high-velocity markets, it is on selection. At the level of RBV, we conclude that traditional RBV misidentifies the locus of long-term competitive advantage in dynamic markets, overemphasizes the strategic logic of leverage, and reaches a boundary condition in high-velocity markets. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- This paper describes the process of inducting theory using case studies from specifying the research questions to reaching closure. Some features of the process, such as problem definition and construct validation, are similar to hypothesis-testing research. Others, such as within-case analysis and replication logic, are unique to the inductive, case-oriented process. Overall, the process described here is highly iterative and tightly linked to data. This research approach is especially appropriate in new topic areas. The resultant theory is often novel, testable, and empirically valid. Finally, framebreaking insights, the tests of good theory (e.g., parsimony, logical coherence), and convincing grounding in the evidence are the key criteria for evaluating this type of research.
This paper focuses on dynamic capabilities and, more generally, the resource-based view of the firm. We argue that dynamic capabilities are a set of specific and identifiable processes such as product development, strategic decision making, and alliancing. They are neither vague nor tautological. Although dynamic capabilities are idiosyncratic in their details and path dependent in their emergence, they have significant commonalities across firms (popularly termed 'best practice'). This suggests that they are more homogeneous, fungible, equifinal and substitutable than is usually assumed. In moderately dynamic markets, dynamic capabilities resemble the traditional conception of routines. They are detailed, analytic stable processes with predictable outcomes. In contrast, in high-velocity markets, they are simple, highly experiential and fragile processes with unpredictable outcomes. Finally, well-known learning mechanisms guide the evolution of dynamic capabilities. In moderately dynamic markets, the evolutionary emphasis is on variation. In high-velocity markets, it is on selection. At the level of REV, we conclude that traditional REV misidentifies the locus of long-term competitive advantage in dynamic markers, overemphasizes the strategic logic of leverage, and reaches a boundary condition in high-velocity markets. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
This book explores how policies targeting public research institutions, such as universities, contribute to the appropriation of biotechnology through national innovation systems. © International Development Research Centre 2011. All rights reserved.
Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach was first published in 1984 as a part of the Pitman series in Business and Public Policy. Its publication proved to be a landmark moment in the development of stakeholder theory. Widely acknowledged as a world leader in business ethics and strategic management, R. Edward Freeman’s foundational work continues to inspire scholars and students concerned with a more practical view of how business and capitalism actually work. Business can be understood as a system of how we create value for stakeholders. This worldview connects business and capitalism with ethics once and for all. On the 25th anniversary of publication, Cambridge University Press are delighted to be able to offer a new print-on-demand edition of his work to a new generation of readers.
To foster sustainable development, an innovation strategy must have vision that transcends a maelstrom of complex, and sometimes contradictory, demands.
Stakeholder theory has been a popular heuristic for describing the management environment for years, but it has not attained full theoretical status. Our aim in this article is to contribute to a theory of stakeholder identification and salience based on stakeholders possessing one or more of three relationship attributes: power, legitimacy, and urgency. By combining these attributes, we generate a typology of stakeholders, propositions concerning their salience to managers of the firm, and research and management implications.
The nature of barriers is first clarified and their effect on innovation is broadly outlined. The various taxonomies of barriers are presented and critically evaluated. Their impact and mechanisms of action are then developed. The pattern of barriers in different contexts is considered and various aspects of a theoretical explanation of barriers are discussed. Since barriers are especially important in small firm innovation and in difficult environments, e.g. in small countries, these special cases are studied in some depth. Finally, the empirical studies on barriers are reviewed. The chapter ends with suggestions to overcome barriers and a conclusions section.
Two distinct themes emerge from the Special Research Forum on Innovation and Organizations. One group of articles develops an expanded view of the influence of context on organizations' ability to innovate. Together, the articles offer a complex multilevel view of context as including elements ranging from the dominant strategy of an organization to the social-psychological antecedents of creativity. A second group of articles provides a community and population perspective on the diffusion of innovations. We suggest the possibility of a union between the context and industry dynamics approaches.
This article enlarges the "extended enterprise" metaphor from its origins in manufacturing-logistics management to embrace the full range of constituencies that are vital to the survival and success of the corporation. This article presents a new "Stakeholder View" of the firm which holds that stakeholder relationships are the ultimate sources of the firm's wealth-creating capacity. According to this view, long-term business success requires a firm to develop and integrate relationships with its multiple stakeholders within a comprehensive management strategy. In order to illustrate the validity of this approach, this article describes and analyzes the evolution and impact of comprehensive stakeholder management policies in three major firms.
The importance of innovation and the diverse roles that firms play in innovative activity was emphasized by Joseph Schumpeter nearly 100 years ago. As policy makers and academics have increasingly appreciated the importance of innovation, they have sought to improve how they understand and measure it. This has proven to be a deceptively difficult task, as innovations are by definition, novel. As a result, innovations do not all necessarily share a common set of features (Smith, 2006). This fundamental feature of innovation complicates analysis and measurement. A key theoretical advance in addressing innovation was developed by Nelson and Winter (1982), who saw innovation as something that largely occurs within heterogeneous firms. These firms perceive the world differently, have different routines, make different strategic choices, and act accordingly. A large body of research, often in business and management studies, has developed these ideas further, to explore the heterogeneity of firms as knowledge-based organizations, with diverse capabilities, that perceive and act in the world in diverse ways that generate a range of path-dependent outcomes. Increased interest in firms as the knowledge-based organizations that drive innovation has led to more extensive efforts to collect data on firm-based innovative activities, as governments have sought to improve their innovation policies.
As a new perspective for understanding firm responsiveness to stakeholder concerns, we propose a strategic cognition view of issue salience that is, the degree to which a stakeholder issue resonates with and is prioritized by management. Specifically, we explain how a firm's cognitive structures of organizational identity and strategic frames use different core logics to influence managerial interpretation of an issue as salient. We then present a typology of firm responsiveness and suggest that firms will respond more substantially to those issues perceived as salient to both cognitive logics and more symbolically to those issues perceived as salient to only one logic. This article fills key gaps in our understanding of how firms manage and respond to stakeholders by focusing on the salience of the issue and incorporating strategic cognition as a key mediating mechanism.
Most research on market orientation, innovation and performance is related to big enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In this study a model is developed to investigate the combined effect of market orientation and innova- tiveness on product innovation and company performance, for small firms. A spe- cific feature of our research is that we use an objective measure for product innovation in contrast to the self-reported measures commonly used in research on innovation. To test our model data from 152 rose growers were used. This study’s results show that the owner’s innovativeness permeates all variables in the model and has a positive influence on market orientation, innovation, and performance. An interesting research result is also that customer market intelligence influences product innovation positively or negatively, depending on whether the innovativeness of the owner in the new product domain is weak or strong.
The relationship of organizational culture and innovation has been subject to extensive research over the last decades. The multitude of cultural variables under investigation has led to a fragmented concept of culture for innovation, and an inclusion into management theory is still missing. Further, managerial practice requires an underlying structure in order to decide what culture should be implemented in order to foster innovation, and to assess if a specific culture is an effective and efficient coordination instrument. Hence, a framework is needed which allows classification of cultural values without residuals, to draw expedient comparisons with reference to the criteria by which they are grouped, and to assess their relationship with organizational innovation. This meta-analysis, which comprises 43 studies with a combined sample size of 6341 organizations, reveals that Quinn and Rohrbaugh's Competing Values Framework provides a meaningful structure for the ideational aspects of organizational culture. The Competing Values Framework describes value systems based on two main dimensions. Those two pairs of opposing values are flexibility versus control and internal versus external orientation. The analysis shows that the congruence of different cultures with organizational goals of innovation can be described based on that framework. Control theory is used to explain the relationship of organizational culture and innovation. While culture describes the ideational aspects of organizational values, clan control describes their coordinative effect. Managers may choose different clan control strategies according to the Competing Values Framework. They will most likely follow the strategy that provides a high level of congruence between the goals of management and the goals of their organization's social system. Individuals that have internalized the organizational values apply them as a form of self-control. Those values will also be applied in groups, such as product development teams. While development teams may be formed and disbanded with certain projects and individuals may leave the company, the organization forms the steady frame of those activities. The cumulative data confirms the hypothesis that managers of innovative organizations most likely implement a developmental culture, which emphasizes an external and a flexibility orientation. Yet also group and rational cultures are to a certain extent consistent with the goals of an innovative organization and may thus be appropriate social control strategies. Hierarchical cultures emphasize control and an internal orientation and are less likely to be found in innovative organizations. A moderator analysis of the culture–innovation relationship revealed that it is not influenced by the differentiation between radical and incremental innovation, and only weak evidence exists for an influence of innovation adoption versus innovation generation. A potential reason is that those organizations that are geared toward innovation will pursue it consequently, without differentiating between different kinds of innovation. Therefore, managers that follow a (radical) innovation strategy should establish a developmental culture in their organization. If innovation rather represents a minor aspect of the firm's long-term objectives, the efficiency-oriented rational culture or a group culture may also be the right choice.
Energy systems are undergoing significant change. Many countries have ambitions to increase the share of renewable energy in their energy mix. This development entails the challenge of incorporating an increasing amount of volatile energy supply and a higher number of energy providers on distribution grid level. The smart grid could be a solution for this challenge. However, the implementation of smart grid technologies is rather slow. In this paper, we examine which barriers exist for the implementation of smart grid technologies. Fourteen in-depth expert interviews were conducted and qualitatively analysed using the grounded theory approach. First, a dynamic definition framework of the term “smart grid” was developed that incorporates contextual factors. Second, barriers to the implementation of smart grid technologies were gathered. We identified (1) cost and benefit, (2) knowledge, and (3) institutional mechanisms as barrier categories. Third, policy implications were derived. We recommend (1) the acceptance of a diversity of solutions, (2) the acceptance of incremental change, (3) the implementation of a stable regulatory framework, (4) the alignment of interests of individual market participants with the entire system, (5) the definition of a suitable scope of regulations, and (6) the collection of problem-specific information.
In assessing the likely demand for biotechnology products it is not sufficient just to look at what is happening in firms and their immediate market environment. There is no one 'market' for biotechnology products: there are differences between sectors and between countries. You have instead to look at the institutional contexts of the biotechnology product's development. This paper reviews work which has been carried out by social scientists, especially those using 'social shaping' approaches, on the development of new products based on advances in biotechnology and on the creation of markets to go with these products. It examines work on public attitudes to the exploitation of the technology, focusing especially on the issue of social inclusion and exclusion and how biotechnology might make exclusion more likely. It concludes by considering what current differences in public attitudes to the development of some biotechnology-based products might mean for the development of markets for those products in the UK.
To support organizations in their greening efforts the normative and instrumental ‘how to’ perspective is indispensable. However, the descriptive ‘why not’ perspective adds valuable insights to factors that may hamper, decelerate or even block green purchasing. Our study follows Eisenhardt's design for case study research and comprises three stages: in the first stage, we analysed barriers to green procurement in six municipalities in five European countries; in the second stage, we combined those findings with the literature on multilevel research, present a barrier framework based on a multilevel categorization and develop hypotheses by analysing the organizational and the individual level in one of the biggest procurement agencies in Europe. In the third stage, we test the derived hypotheses and draw conclusions. In order to be able to deeply analyse one specific decision process and its inherent barriers we focused on the procurement process due to its gatekeeper position in organizations. We contribute to understanding the greening of organizations via the ‘why not’ perspective by answering the question ‘Why do organizations not implement green purchasing?’ As organizations are multilevel systems, this paper illustrates how the differentiation of the multiple levels of analysis and the detailed analysis of one specific task can contribute to understand greening organizations and moreover to continuously improve greening in organizations. Our study is designed as a multilevel analysis examining the relationships between the individual, group, organizational level, and the external environment that lead to barriers for green purchasing. The multilevel framework can be used for analysing barriers in green purchasing. Complementing the ‘how to’ perspective with taking the ‘why not perspective’ we look on the challenges managers, who foster sustainability, are confronted with.
To improve organizational performance and sustain a competitive advantage many Australian businesses have begun to embrace e-commerce. For example, businesses from the automotive, banking, insurance and retail industries have been able to leverage the benefits of information and communication technologies. Yet, those from the construction industry have been slow, perhaps even reluctant, to implement information and communication technologies to support e-commerce. Thus, this paper aims to determine the barriers that small-medium sized contractors are experiencing when confronted with the need to implement e-commerce to sustain their competitiveness. Unstructured interviews were undertaken with managers from 20 small-medium sized contractors from the State of Victoria in Australia, which had annual turnovers ranging from $1_50 million. The financial, organizational, technical and human barriers that were identified from findings are presented and discussed. The paper concludes by proposing strategies that small-medium sized contractors may adopt if they to leverage the benefits of e-commerce.
A survey of Canadian biotechnology firms investigated the impact of their context on their strategies and performance. This paper reports two kinds of exploratory findings: a descriptive profile of the companies and their strategies for coping with business and political contexts, and statistical comparisons between three performance groups. Three aspects of the firms ’business context were highlighted: high cost of product development, scarcity of capital, and lack of qualified people, especially managers. Although the
firms tried to alleviate the cost and capital problems by engaging in collaborative alliances, small size, private ownership and the human resource problem indicated barriers to commercial success. Firms also perceived
government action or inaction in the political context as a major obstacle, which they tried to overcome through various influence tactics. When firms in three performance groups were compared, the main differentiators between higher and lower performers were development of complementary skills outside R&D, and effective transfer of organizational learning. Implications for managers and further research are discussed.
This is a report of a study of barriers, facilitators, and incentives to innovation among suppliers to the U.S. automotive industry. It follows and is integrated with two earlier studies on this subject by one or both of the present authors. One gathered data on a sample of innovations from a number of suppliers to identify the kinds of barriers and facilitators they encountered in their attempts to innovate for the automotive industry. The second focused on possible incentives for research aimed at increasing and improving the technology base for the automotive industry. The current study combined both aspects and probed, in more depth than was possible in the first set of case studies, the possibility of government incentives helping to ease or eliminate barriers to innovation at the project level.
Knowledge management (KM) plays a major role in the success of implementing enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems in business organizations. This research aims to provide an in-depth understanding of ERP implementation processes in Sri Lanka. The major issues associated with KM in ERP implementations are brought into light and possible strategies for overcoming such issues are identified. The research builds on the work of Baskerville et al. (2006), and focuses on the importance of 'operational level' knowledge practices of capturing, integrating and sharing during ERP system implementations. Results of multiple case study interviews have been analyzed using cognitive maps to determine the issues deem to have a major impact on the success of ERP implementations. Some of the key strategies that can be used to overcome the problems associated with KM in ERP implementations are presented.
This study contributes to the knowledge of the difficulties or barriers found by firms when adopting proactive environmental strategies, providing empirical evidence from 240 Spanish industrial firms. A set of 25 barriers are initially evaluated by the managers of the sample firms and are grouped into four types of difficulties facing firms: external barriers, endemic limitations of the firm, limited environmental motivation and limited preparation of employees and operational inertia. The estimation of a structural equation model leads us to conclude that only the barriers identified as endemic limitations of the firm can be characterized as “effective barriers”, defined as problems preventing firms from progressing toward proactive environmental behavior.
Drawing on the strategic alliances and innovation literature, this study proposes that the impact of technological collaboration on product innovation is contingent on market competition and sectoral technology characteristics. Specifically, it argues that the generally observed positive effect of technological collaboration on product innovation may be diluted in highly competitive markets, and the interactive effect of technological collaboration and market competition on product innovation will be further moderated by sectoral technological intensity. Data on the product innovation and technological collaboration of 944 Chinese firms across five manufacturing sectors provide robust support for the contingent effects of technological collaboration on product innovation.
The stakeholder theory has been advanced and justified in the man- agement literature on the basis of its descriptive accuracy, instrumen- tal power, and normative validity. These three aspects of the theory, although interrelated, are quite distinct; they involve different types of evidence and argument and have different implications. In this article, we examine these three aspects of the theory and critique and integrate important contributions to the literature related to each. We conclude that the three aspects of stakeholder theory are mutually supportive and that the normative base of the theory-which includes the modern theory of property rights-is fundamental. If the unity of the corporate body is real, then there is reality and not simply legal fiction in the proposition that the man- agers of the unit are fiduciaries for it and not merely for its individual members, that they are . . . trustees for an institu- tion (with multiple constituents) rather than attorneys for the stockholders.
The vital importance of innovation in today's competitive climate has been widely canvassed. But while the need for more innovation is intensively proclaimed, the response for some time now has been widely regarded as falling well short of what is required. In other words, there is and has long been a perceived "innovation problem" in the UK and of course in many other countries. There is a large literature exploring the barriers to innovation and this has identified a whole array of factors ranging from the macro-level (such as a tendency towards short-termism) to the micro-level (including personality traits and team characteristics). This article reports the results from a new extensive study which addresses the "problem" by attending to the perceptions, assumptions, interpretations and cognitions of managers — i.e. those actors who determine organisational priorities and who make crucial resource allocation decisions. These managerial ways of seeing have vital consequences for organisational innovation. This article reports on the marked variety of managerial interpretations of innovation; it presents new ways of classifying these and it describes the practical implications of these insights.