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Ultra Wide-Band (UWB) Indoor Positioning
... Timing accuracy enables UWB to be used as a technology for positioning applications where mobile terminals can determine their position based on difference in time of arrival of UWB pulses from fixed nodes in the surrounding environments [6]. Such a technique can find applications in intelligent transportation systems where a vehicle can determine its relative position compared to other vehicles, enabling better traffic coordination. ...
... Such a technique can find applications in intelligent transportation systems where a vehicle can determine its relative position compared to other vehicles, enabling better traffic coordination. UWB positioning can also be combined with a global positioning system (GPS) to provide a more accurate global position [6]. Very short range of communication is one of the drawbacks of UWB implementation. ...
... The system claims an accuracy of finding objects to within 3 meters of their actual position . b) Ultra Wide Band technology UltraWide band (UWB) impulse radio signals are employed for indoor location and tracking [26] [27]. The system platform was constructed using standard electronics components. ...
This paper investigated various indoor positioning techniques and presented a comprehensive study about their advantages and disadvantages. Infrared, Ultrasonic and RF technologies are used in different indoor positioning systems. RFID positioning systems based on RSSI technology are the most recent developments. Positioning accuracy was greatly improved by using integrated RFID technologies.
... UWB technology enables high precision positioning and tracking. UWB is utilized for indoor positioning and tracking in [17,18]. They used active RFID tags to obtain accurate position information. ...
Information sharing systems help supply chain management (SCM) by tracking and identifying an object’s
or human’s location in real time. However, prior to implement an information system, various technologies
and the related advantages and disadvantages must be considered. This paper investigates the state of the art technologies applied in SCM and presents a study about their benefits and drawbacks. RFID, GPS, NFC,
ZigBee, ultrasonic, UWB, and infrared systems are discussed and finally Visible Light Communication for
different stages of a SCM is proposed.
... This system provides the desired accuracy with acceptable infrastructure cost. Ultra-Widband signals include radio signals with a fractional bandwidth more that 20% or an absolute bandwith of more than 500 Mhz [9]. The Ubisense positioning system uses passive receivers to located active tags (approx. ...
... Ultra-wideband is a short-range high data throughput technology. The ultra-wideband signal is defined (Harmer, 2004) as a radio-signal that occupies at least either 500MHz of frequency spectrum or 20% of the central frequency of the band. There are many ways in which the UWB signal can be generated. ...
... Multispectral is selling a UWB Location System called Sapphire DART [7]–[10]. Thales developed a demonstrator in an ESA project in 2004 [11] and recently announced the first products that should become commercially available. Microsoft Research Laboratories presented some papers using a standard wireless local area network (WLAN) and its capability to measure the signal strength to calculate the position [12]–[14]. ...
In this paper, an experimental platform for indoor location and tracking using ultra wideband (UWB) impulse radio signals is presented and its performance measured. The platform has been developed entirely using standard electronic components that are commercially available. As principal goal, the experimental platform has been designed to allow a rapid performance evaluation for various system architectures and signal processing algorithms. Hence, the platform is as versatile as possible while remaining optimized for accurate location estimation. To meet these targets, the UWB receivers are implemented using a fast analog to digital converter (ADC) and a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The ADC acquires directly the received radio frequency signal. The FPGA performs the required signal processing in real time and estimates the time of arrivals (TOAs) of the received pulses. The TOAs are transferred to a personal computer (PC), where the location of the transmitter is calculated. After the description of the hardware and the algorithms, the outcomes of a measurement campaign in a laboratory environment and the accuracy of the location system are presented.
The availability of location information has become a key factor in today’s communications systems allowing location based services. In outdoor scenarios, the mobile terminal position is obtained with high accuracy thanks to the Global Positioning System (GPS) or to the standalone cellular systems. However, the main problem of GPS and cellular systems resides in the indoor environment and in scenarios with deep shadowing effects where the satellite or cellular signals are broken. In this paper, we survey different technologies and methodologies for indoor and outdoor localization with an emphasis on indoor methodologies and concepts. Additionally, we discuss in this review different localization-based applications, where the location information is critical to estimate. Finally, a comprehensive discussion of the challenges in terms of accuracy, cost, complexity, security, scalability, etc. is given. The aim of this survey is to provide a comprehensive overview of existing efforts as well as auspicious and anticipated dimensions for future work in indoor localization techniques and applications.
Wireless communication signals have become popular alternatives for indoor positioning and navigation due to lack of navigation satellite signals in such environments. The signal characteristics determine the method used for positioning as well as the positioning accuracy. Ultra-wideband (UWB) signals, with a typical bandwidth of over 1 GHz, overcome multipath problems in complicated environments. Hence, potentially achieves centimetre-level ranging accuracy in open areas. However, signals can be disrupted when placed in environments with obstructions and cause large ranging errors. This paper proposes a ranging measurement quality indicator (RQI) which detects the UWB measurement quality based on the received signal strength pattern. With a detection validity of more than 83%, the RQI is then implemented in a ranging-based collaborative positioning system. The relative constraint of the collaborative network is adjusted adaptively according to the detected RQI. The proposed detection and positioning algorithm improves positioning accuracy by 80% compared to non-adaptive collaborative positioning.
The integration of wireless and satellite positioning technologies can provide positional information in both indoor and outdoor environments for various location based services and applications. Among different wireless positioning technologies, ultra wide band (UWB) adopts the time delay approach based on highly accurate clock synchronisation between transmitter and receiver antenna. High accuracy range measurement data can therefore be used to derive decimetre accuracy positions. Similar to other wireless technologies, the transmission of UWB signal is subject to interference when propagating through different media. In this paper, influential factors for the theoretical decimetre level positioning expectation of UWB are analysed with a pair of Pulse On P210 devices. Our investigations include signal attenuation in different scenarios of materials of obstruction, multipath and geometrical effects. From the analysis of field test and simulation results, we conclude that UWB can generally achieve better than 0.5 m (95% confidence level), the accuracy of which agrees with specifications of the UWB real time positioning systems (RTLS) available on the market, and field test results of a UWB RTLS conducted by Mok et al. It is essential that UWB device be set up at a higher position to avoid the influence of multipath. When setting up the UWB location system, special attention should be paid to the location of the sensors in weak geometrical strength areas, such as tunnels and narrow corridors.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to create an assembly verification system that is capable of verifying complete assembly and torque for each individual fastener.
Design/methodology/approach
The 3D position of the tool used to torque the fastener and the assembly pallet will be tracked using an infrared (IR) tracking system. A set of retro‐reflective markers are attached to the tool and assembly while being tracked by multiple IR cameras. Software is used to triangulate the relative position of the tool in order to identify the fastener being torqued. The torque value is obtained from the tool controller device. By combining the location of the tool and the torque value from the tool controller, assembly of each individual fastener can be verified and its achieved torque recorded.
Findings
The IR tracking is capable of tracking within 2‐3 mm for each tracking ball, with a resulting practical resolution of 24 mm distance between fasteners while maintaining 99.9999 per cent reliability without false positive fastener identification.
Research limitations/implications
This experiment was run under simulated assembly line lighting conditions.
Practical implications
By being able to verify assembly reliably, the need for manual torque check is eliminate and hence yield significant cost savings. This will also allow programming electric tools according in real time based on the fastener in proximity identification.
Originality/value
Currently, assembly verification is only done using the torque values. In automated assembly line, each process might involve fastening multiple fasteners. Using this system, a new level of assembly verification is achieved by recording the assembled fastener and its associated torque.
Indoor Navigation is becoming a more and more important topic. It is a key tool for the integration of disabled people into environments which they are not familiar with. With this paper we want to address the problem of indoor navigation being much more complex than outdoor navigation with a thorough modelling of queries which a indoor navigation GIS database shall be able to answer quickly and present an organisation of indoor navigation data tailored to scalable and flexible indoor navigation.
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