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Apristurus breviventralis, a new species of deep-water catshark (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) from the Gulf of Aden
Abstract
A new deep-water catshark of the genus Apristurus Garman, 1913 is described based on nine specimens from the Gulf of Aden in the northwestern Indian Ocean. Apristurus breviventralis sp. nov. belongs to the ‘brunneus group’ of the genus and is characterized by having pectoral-fin tips reaching beyond the midpoint between the paired fin bases, a much shorter pectoral-pelvic space than the anal-fin base, a low and long-based anal fin, and a first dorsal fin located behind pelvic-fin insertion. The new species most closely resembles the western Atlantic species Apristurus canutus, but is distinguishable in having greater nostril length than internarial width and longer claspers in adult males. Apristurus breviventralis sp. nov. represents the sixth species of Apristurus from the western Indian Ocean and the 38th species globally.
... L T ; P1 tip to P2 origin 6.2 vs. 1.2%-2.7% L T ) (Kawauchi et al., 2014); ...
Apristurus ovicorrugatus, a new species of deepwater catshark, is described from northwestern Australia. Unique egg cases belonging to an unknown species of Apristurus prompted a more detailed investigation of Apristurus specimens off northwestern Australia. One specimen previously identified as A. sinensis collected off Dampier Archipelago was found gravid with a single egg case. Removal of this egg case confirmed that this species was responsible for producing the unique egg cases previously recorded. The egg cases of this species have strong T‐shaped longitudinal ridges on the dorsal and ventral surfaces which are unique in the genus Apristurus. The ridges most closely resemble those present in Bythaelurus canescens from South America, but are larger and always T‐shaped. The holotype is closest morphologically to A. sinensis but differs in having a medium brown buccal cavity (vs. jet black), ridged egg cases (vs. smooth egg cases), fewer intestinal spiral valve turns and larger pectoral fins. The holotype is also similar, and closest on a molecular level, to A. nakayai with which it shares a unique synapomorphic character, the white shiny iris (apomorphic within the genus). A late‐term embryo removed from an egg case superficially resembled the holotype except in having two parallel rows of enlarged dermal denticles on the dorsolateral predorsal surface. Recent nomenclatural changes to the genera Apristurus and Pentanchus are discussed and challenged. This study highlights the important contribution that egg case morphology has on oviparous elasmobranch taxonomy.
... scalloped hammerhead and thresher sharks, Jabado, Al Ghais, Hamza, Henderson, et al., 2015). Many of the deep-water species that occur in the region, such as the shortbelly catshark (Apristurus breviventralis, Scyliorhinidae) (Kawauchi, Weigmann, & Nakaya, 2014), are likely not impacted by the fisheries, but may have been overlooked in regional shark and ray checklists. This highlights the critical need for further research into species diversity, life history, taxonomy, stock structure and the potential transboundary nature of many shark and ray species. ...
The Arabian Seas Region plays an important role in the global landings and trade of sharks and rays. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Yemen, two countries with stark socioeconomic differences, serve as major regional trade hubs for shark and ray products and four countries (Oman, Pakistan, UAE and Yemen) supply nearly 11% of dried fin exports to Hong Kong. Yet, little information is available on the characteristics of this trade and the fisheries contributing to it. Here, we review the fisheries characteristics , trade, utilization and distribution chain of sharks and rays in 15 countries of the Arabian Seas Region based on published and grey literature, landing surveys, field observations and interviews with fishermen and traders. Although regional shark fisheries remain mostly artisanal, reported shark and ray landings represent 28% of the regional total fish production, reaching 56,074 mt in 2012 (7.3% of total world catches), with Iran, Oman, Pakistan and Yemen ranking as the primary catchers. Utilization and distribution patterns are complex, vary between landing sites and countries, and remain unmonitored. Based on widespread over-exploitation of most teleost fisheries, current exploitation levels for most sharks and rays are potentially unsustainable. The situation is exacerbated by limited research and political will to support policy development, the incomplete nature of fisheries data, as well as insufficient regulations and enforcement. A better understanding of shark and ray fisheries will be key for regulating trade, promoting conservation and developing management initiatives to secure food security, livelihoods and biodiversity conservation in the region. K E Y W O R D S chondrichthyans, conservation, extinction risk, fin trade, fisheries management, sustainability
... The studied area comprises the continental shelf and the continental slope, covering a maximum depth of 6,000 m (Fisher et al. 1962). To prepare this list, we relied on previously published articles and gray literature.Müller & Henle, 1839): Silky Shark (Chirichigno and Cornejo 2001) Carcharhinus galapagensis (Snodgrass & Heller, 1905 Chondrichthyes in Peru, which represents approximately 9% of the 1,275 species of living sharks, batoids and chimaeras reported (Didier et al. 2012; Naylor et al. 2012; Last et al. 2013; White et al. 2013; Angulo et al. 2014; Kawauchi et al. 2014; Weigmann et al. 2014; Kemper et al. 2015). Based on the taxonomic records of chondrichthyes for the southeast Pacific, the present checklist suggests that the Peruvian Sea might have a higher biodiversity than Chile (96 species: sharks=53 spp., batoids=39 spp., chimaeras=4 spp.) and Ecuador (92 species: sharks=58 spp., baotids=33 spp., chimaeras=1 spp.) ( Sáez et al. 2010). ...
The first updated and comprehensive checklist of Chondrichthyes from the southeast Pacific off Peru, based on the revision of scientific literature, is presented. The group of Chondrichthyes in the Peruvian coast is composed of 115 species that include 66 species of sharks, 43 species of batoids, and six species of chi-maeras. We present nine new records and one recent discovery obtained from secondary sources. For some species, we also compiled the extensions in the geographic distributions.
... However, many authors still follow the original classification with only a single catshark family, the Scyliorhinidae (e.g. Kawauchi et al. 2014 (Anonymous [Bennett] 1830) from Pakistan to Papua New Guinea and north to China. Allen & Erdmann (2012) included 4 species of atelomycterine catsharks from the East Indies, which included two potentially undescribed species, Atelomycterus species 1 and species 2. Specimens of one of these, Atelomycterus species 1, were subsequently collected by M.V. Erdmann from Manado in North Sulawesi. ...
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A new species of catshark of the genus Atelomycterus is described from eastern Indonesia based on two type specimens. Atelomycterus erdmanni is closely related to A. baliensis and A. marmoratus, being sympatric with the latter. It differs from these two species in coloration, external morphology, meristics and clasper morphology. Atelomycterus erdmanni differs from A. baliensis in having white spots present over the body (vs. white spots absent), a larger first dorsal fin, paired fins closer together, and pelvic fin farther apart from the ventral caudal-fin origin. It differs from A. marmoratus in having far less numerous white spotting, a larger first dorsal fin, and the clasper glans about half length of clasper outer margin (vs. less than half length of outer margin). Its status was also confirmed by genetic analysis with comparison of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) genetic marker utilised in DNA barcoding producing a genetic divergence of 4.8% and 5.3% between the new species and its closest congeners, A. baliensis and A. marmoratus, respectively.
In this study, a diverse fauna of fossil elasmobranch teeth from the Early Miocene (Middle Burdigalian) is analysed. The fossil diversity strongly resembles extant deep-water shark and ray assemblages. The fossils were collected from the Upper Marine Molasse of the lower Ottnangian in the Neuhofener Beds location, Mitterdorf, Germany. The collection site is a clay pit in between the Lower Bavarian villages Fürstenzell and Schmidham. The sample revealed 14 shark and four ray species. We present the first record of fossils assigned to taxa Nanocetorhinus tuberculatus, Deania and Apristurus from Germany. In addition, we describe a hitherto unknown genus and species of shark, Pseudoapristurus nonstriatus gen. et sp. nov., based on fossil teeth. The documented diversity is compared to both extant and fossil records of neoselachian deep-water diversities, and it is evident that this Miocene fauna is very similar in composition to indo-pacific deep-water assemblages. Key words: Bavaria, Early Miocene, deep-water, Chondrichthyes, Ottnangian, Burdigalian, Upper Marine Molasse
En una nota, que no llego a publicarse, daba a conocer algunas de las especies pobladoras del área pre abismal de Chile; habían sido capturadas en el año 1953, a bordo del "Ester B." frente a Punta Ángeles, o sea, en la zona de Valparaíso, a profundidad entre los 250 y 300 metros.
A new deep-water catshark, Apristurus aphyodes n. sp., is described from 1014 to 1800 m depth in the Eastern North Atlantic Ocean. The description is based on a total of 30 type specimens, which include immature and mature males and females, ranging 209.2 to 540.0 mm in total length. This new species is distinguishable from the other 10 Atlantic congeners by the following characters: upper labial furrow shorter than lower one, large eyes with horizontal diameter 1.9 to 2.5 times in interorbital width, subequal size of dorsal fins, anterior position of 1st dorsal fin with origin above front half of pelvic base, widely spaced pectoral and pelvic fins with distance between their origins equalling head length, 9 to 11 spiral valves in the intestine and uniform whitish colouration. A. aphyodes is a medium-sized species among the Atlantic species of the genus, attaining its full sexual maturity at a length of 470 mm TL. A key to the 11 Atlantic species of the genus Apristurus is provided.
Egg capsules of four species of the deepwater catshark genera Galeus and Apristurus are described and
compared. The egg capsules of G. murinus and A. aphyodes are firstly described from 4 and 9 capsules respectively, collected in the mother's oviducts. Unlike numerous species of the family, their egg capsules do not have prolonged tendrils. The smallest gravid females of G. murinus and A. aphyodes measure 460 and 490 mm respectively. Their oviparous mode of reproduction was confirmed. There is only one egg capsule per oviduct for both species, indicating they are single oviparous species. Comments are made on the oviparity of the catsharks of these genera.
North Atlantic species Apristurus melanoasper Iglésias, Nakaya & Stehmann, 2004 is confirmed to occur in the waters of Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Indian Ocean and eastern South Atlantic Ocean. This is the largest range extension for a species of the genus Apristurus.
A new species of deepwater catshark (Pentanchidae) is described based on a single adult male measuring 676 mm TL that was collected at a depth of 953-1022 m on the Coriolis Bank off western New Caledonia in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. Within the genus Apristurus, the species belongs to the brunneus group whose members share a higher spiral valve count and the upper labial furrows are longer than the lower furrows. Apristurus nakayai sp. nov. differs from its congeners of the brunneus group through a combination of the following characters: shiny white iris on fresh specimen (unique among the genus); brownish black colouration; short distance from pectoral-fin tip to pelvic-fin origin, subequal to internarial width; cloaca located well anterior to the midpoint of the total length; pectoral fins large, width about 2.7 times pectoral fin tip to pelvic fin origin; long anal-fin base, longer than distance between dorsal fin insertions; first dorsal fin located well behind pelvic-fin insertion; first dorsal fin markedly smaller than second dorsal fin; very long caudal-fin terminal lobe, its length more than twice its height; no denticles in the mouth; very short pyloric stomach; intestinal spiral valves 16; monospondylous vertebrae 36; precaudal diplospondylous vertebrae 37. DNA barcoding from the COI sequence reveal high genetic distances with its Australasian congeners.
Morphological comparison of the holotype of Apristurus atlanticus with many specimens of A. laurussonii,
A. parvipinnis and A. canutus revealed that the holotype of A. atlanticus is a juvenile of A. laurussonii. The differences observed between the holotypes of A. atlanticus and A. laurussonii are explained by size difference. As a result, A. atlanticus is placed under synonymy of A. laurussonii.
A new deep-water catshark, Apristurus melanoasper n. sp., is described based on 53 specimens from the
North Atlantic Ocean at 512 to 1520 m depth. This new species is characterized by having longer upper labial furrow than the lower one, high count of spiral intestine valves, a long abdomen, large dermal denticles and black coloration of the body. Among the species of the North Atlantic, this new species is most similar to A. laurussonii, but is distinguishable by combination of the following characters: an interorbital space which is 1.9 to 3.5 times eyes horizontal diameter, interspace between pectoral fin tip and pelvic fin which is 1.3 to 2.5 times pectoral fin width, large dermal denticles giving very rough texture to the skin, and black body colouration. A mitochondrial DNA sequence of 1500 nucleotides of the species presents 28 differences when aligned with that of A. laurussonii.
The geographic and the bathymetric distribution of offshore demersal cartilaginous fish off the west coast of southern Africa are reviewed. The results were collected during 12 cruises of F.R.S. Africana between 1986 and 1990. The area covered was between Walvis Bay (23°S, 14°E) and the Agulhas Bank west of Cape Agulhas (36°S, 20°E) over a depth range of 33–1 016 m. In all, 55 species of cartilaginous fish were collected, including 32 sharks, 17 rays and six chimaeras, on 869 stations and representing 3 092 station records. Computer-generated maps and station lists are presented for the species in the sample, and the distribution records, including records from the literature, are reviewed and discussed for these species and 12 more demersal species not collected during the survey. The survey revealed many range extensions for described species. West Coast demersal cartilaginous fish show zonation by depth and latitude, and groups of species with similar depth and latitudinal distributions were apparent. These groups are defined and discussed, along with summer-winter distributional differences, aggregations of records, sympatry and allopatry in related species, and relative diversity over 50-m depth increments and one-degree latitudinal bands.
A new genus and species of the carcharhiniform family Pseudotriakidae is described based on three specimens caught near the Socotra Islands in the northwestern Indian Ocean. The first specimen and holotype of Planonasus parini g. n. and sp. n. was caught during cruise 17 of RV 'Vityaz' in 1988/89 along the deep western Indian Ocean. Two further specimens of the new genus and species were caught somewhat later by commercial trawlers close to the locality of the holotype. The new genus differs from the two other pseudotriakid genera Gollum and Pseudotriakis by the presence of oral papillae, the absence of nicitating eyelids, a longer head, an intermediate prenarial snout length, an intermediate number of tooth rows per jaw, a first dorsal fin of intermediate height and length and with a white free rear tip, a caudal peduncle of inter-mediate length, and fewer vertebrae.
Rhinochimaera africana, a new species (Chondrichthyes, Chimaeriformes, Rhinochimaeridae), is described from five specimens from the Western Cape and KwaZulu coasts of southern Africa and from the Moçambique Channel between South-Western Madagascar and Europa Island. Two more specimens are known from off the Agulhas Bank, South Africa. It differs from the partially sympatric R. atlantica Holt and Byrne, 1909, and the Pacific R. pacifica (Mitsukuri, 1895) in its darker coloration, longer, broader, paddle-shaped snout, tooth plates of different shape, a more elongate-oval clasper glans, a shorter caudal fin with very short filament, and possibly a smaller dorsal fin and longer interdorsal space. R. africana males are mature at 568 mm body length (BDL), females adolescent at 476 mm BDL. A large, probably adult female of 650 mm BDL is larger than any recorded R. atlantica or R. africana. Wounds on two specimens indicate possible "cookie-cutter" bites by squaloid sharks, and one has a possible bite by another Rhinochimaera. Data on R. pacifica and R. atlantica, including 45 specimens from off Namibia and South Africa, are presented for comparison with R. africana. Caudal tubercle counts of R. africana (40–46) are intermediate between those of R. atlantica (most with 19–33, rarely up to 43) and of R. pacifica (41–68, rarely as low as 25–34). Southern African R. atlantica agree with North Atlantic R. atlantica in having few caudal tubercles, but there is slight overlap with R. pacifica in the case of higher counts recorded for R. africana. The systematics and distribution of the genus Rhinochimaera are reviewed, a terminology and abbreviation system for morphometries presented, and a key to species provided. The separation of R. atlantica and R. pacifica on caudal tubercle counts is provisionally accepted but considered problematical until adequate samples of both species can be critically compared. Proportional measurements and counts of caudal tubercles were highly variable in Rhinochimaera, with much allometry in proportions with growth and much individual variation. Selected morphometrics are plotted to show allometric trends in proportions that separate R. africana from other species.
The genus Apristurus presently comprses 32 vald speces, but the taxonomy of ths genus of deepwater catsharks s very complcated and confusng. The genus contans a number of speces whch are known only from the type specmens, synonymous speces and many poorly known speces. In addton, many undescrbed speces stll reman to be dscovered and to be formally named. Morphometrcs are one of the most mportant taxonomc characterstcs used for dscrmnatng shark taxa, but the soft and easily deformed body and fins of Apristurus speces often results n naccurate measurements. The methodology of the morphometrics taken for this genus is also poorly-defined. To obtain objective and comparable taxonomc data, we have provded a detaled explanaton and llustratons of the measurements and merstc counts taken and technques used for descrbng members of the genus Apristurus. Importance of varatons n the morphometrcs and counts s dscussed.
A new deep water catshark species Apnstui us exsanguis, is described based on twenty‐nine specimens collected from the waters around New Zealand It has strong similarities with Apristurus sp B (Paulin et al , 1989) fiom New Zealand Apristurus sp A (Last & Stevens 1994) from Australia and Apristurus japonicus Nakaya, 1975, from Japan, but oan be separated from species ‘A and B by colouration, relative dorsal fin sizes and position, and spiral valve count, and from A japonicus by counts of spiral valves, tooth rows and monospondylus vertebrae
Pentanchus profundicolus is an enigmatic shark, characterized by a single dorsal fin. The holotype, which was collected in 1909 from the Philippines,
had remained the only known example of the species for 90 years. A second specimen, collected from the same waters, is re-described.
The presence of a single dorsal fin remains equivocal in so far as it represents the normal condition for the species. Aspects
of the species' relationship with the species ofApristurus are discussed.
The genus Apristurus has been divided formerly into three species subgroups based on morphological and molecular phylogenies. Previous studies have agreed on the separation into distinct species groups, the largest two of which have been described as the brunneus and spongiceps groups. An examination of the egg cases produced by these oviparous catsharks corroborates the distinction in species groups: egg cases of the brunneus group have long fibrous and curly tendrils at either end, whereas egg cases of the spongiceps group lack tendrils. The egg cases of A. kampae, A. manis, A. spongiceps and Apristurus sp. D are described for the first time, and the egg cases of A. brunneus and A. riveri are re-described to include comparable morphological characteristics. The ecological implications of egg case morphology on oviposition and ventilation are also discussed.
A new long-snout catshark, Apristurus australis sp. nov. s descrbed based on 29 type specmens collected from the coasts around Australa at depths of 486-1035 m. Ths speces s a member of the 'longcephalus group' havng a conspcuously elongated prenaral snout, but dffers from other speces of this group by the following features: first dorsal-fin origin just above or slightly anterior to pelvic-fin insertion; first dorsal-fin height 2/3 of that of second dorsal-fin; anterior teeth with 5 or more cusps; upper and lower jaws with 50-64 and 48-68 tooth rows, respectively; lower spiral valve counts (8-9); pale greyish to light brown body often with white margins on fins and paler ventrally. This species is distributed off the west and east coasts of Australa.
Data on the individual variation and changes with growth in proportions and morphology are presented for the poorly known Apristurus longicephalus, and compared with those of other species. A. longicephalus is concluded to be a distinct species without synonyms, characterized by its long snout, widely separate nostrils, long caudal fin, short abdomen, very sparse teeth, and low number of monospondylous vertebrae. It is a species of small size, maturing at about 42 cm in total length.
Apristurus laurussonii (Saemundsson, 1922) from Icelandic waters is taxonomically reviewed, and A. maderensis Cadenat & Maul, 1966, from the waters of Madeira is concluded as a junior synonym of A. laurussonii.
Apristurus albisoma is described from New Caledonia at depths ranging from 935 to 1,564 m. The description is based on 21 type specimens, which include immature and mature males and females, ranging from 328 to 596 mm in total length. This new species is distinguishable from other species of the genus by the following characters: small eyes and wide interorbital region; the latter being 2.7-3.6 times eye diameter; first dorsal fin originating above middle of pelvic-fin base; second dorsal-fin axil before anal-fin axil; upper labial furrows equal to, or shorter than lower furrows; overlapping tricuspid dermal denticles; 6-10 spiral valves; continuous supraorbital sensory canal; body whitish.
Among species of the deepwater catshark genus Apristurus, some have a very long snout (long-snouted group) and are quite distinct from others in the genus. Seven nominal species from the western North Pacific and the East and South China seas are included in the group. They are reviewed taxonomically and only two species, Apristurus herklotsi and A. longicephalus, are found to be valid. The remaining five species (A. abbreviatus, A. xenolepis, A. brevicaudatus, A. longianalis, and A. longicaudatus) are synonyms of A. herklotsi. Apristurus herklotsi and A. longicephalus are distinguishable by tooth counts, width of the internostril region, number of spiral valves, and length and shape of the duodenum.
Sharks of the genus Apristurus from Taiwanese waters are reviewed for the first time, and incorrect scientific names and wrong taxonomic information given in the literature are corrected. After extensive examination of specimens deposited in various museums, universities and fisheries institutions in Taiwan, Japan and China, the following five species are recognized from Taiwanese waters: Apristurus herklotsi (Fowler, 1934), A. longicephalus Nakaya, 1975, A. gibbosus Meng, Chu & Li, 1985, A. macrostomus Chu, Meng & Li, 1985, and A. platyrhynchus (Tanaka, 1909). Apristurus herklotsi, A. longicephalus, A. gibbosus and A. macrostomus are reported from Taiwanese waters for the first time, and the presence of A. platyrhynchus is formally recognized based on a single voucher specimen. Each species is fully described, and a key to the species of Apristurus in Taiwanese waters is provided. Morphological and biological information of each species is also provided.
A new deep-water catshark, Apristurus garricki sp. nov., is described from northern New Zealand waters. This species is a member of the longicephalus-group and has a conspicuously elongated prenarial snout and short duodenum and is morphologically similar to A. herklotsi from the western North Pacific and A. australis from Australian waters. A. garricki sp. nov. differs from A. australis and A. herklotsi by possessing large dermal denticles on the dorsal side of the body, and higher counts of monospondylous vertebrae and spiral valves. In addition, this species can be distinguished from A. herklotsi by its larger size at maturation, a higher count of monospondylous vertebrae and spiral valves, and distinct longitudinal striations on the surface of egg cases. It differs from A. australis by having fewer tooth rows on both jaws and the posterior position of the first dorsal-fin insertion being distinctly behind pelvic insertions. This species is currently only known from northern New Zealand waters, and is thought to be endemic to this region.
Examination of the internal genital apparatus of Apristurus longicephalus, a small, deep-water bottom-dwelling catshark (Scyliorhinidae) from the western Pacific and Indian Oceans has revealed that it is a hermaphroditic species. It possesses both the developed genital apparatus of one sex and the undeveloped genital apparatus of the opposite sex in the same individual. Apristurus longicephalus is the first case of normal hermaphroditism to be recorded in cartilaginous fishes and this has been further classified as rudimentary hermaphroditism.
A new l1enus Schroederichthys is described, together with its type species Schroederichthys maculatus from the western Caribbean and a second species Schroederichthys tenuis from the Atlantic off Brazil. Scyliorhinus meadi from the east coast of Florida. The purpose of this paper is to revie.w the west ern Atlantic cat sharks with especial attention to description of those characteristics of genem and species that are of interest for a revision of the cat sharks of the world; and also to describe ne·w materiltl collected by exploratory fishing vessels of the Bureau of Commercial Fisherie.s in the western Atlantic, including representatives of a new genus and five new species. For a revision of the fltmily, more material should be examined than is now availa.ble in American museum collections. The distinctions between the genera 8cylim'ki1ltM and Halaelu'T'u.-8, for example, appear to be somewhat superficial, but a revision of generic arrangement is imprac tical without, a survey of all known species and tl~e use of a greate.r number of diagnostic characters than can be gleaned from the terse and noninform at.ive descriptions of many of the nominal spe cies. A family revision which is in progress will provide a bet.ter opportunity for treatment of genera. SOURCES OF MATERIAL Collections of cat sharks made by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing vessels,
The holotype and only existing specimen ofApristurus sibogae was surveyed and was found to be very fragile, breaking down into several pieces, and strongly contracted. As the species
is still only poorly known, the holotype was redescribed, reassessing the proportion of the contracted holotype. It was concluded
thatA. sibogae is very similar to JapaneseA. platyrhynchus, but that it represents a distinct species, characterized by a short snout, posterior 1st and 2nd dorsal fins and a narrow
interorbital region.
Additional specimens of the rareApristurus herklotsi are reported, and the characteristic features of this species are discussed.A. herklotsi is concluded to be a distinct species, having a very long snout, a narrow distance between the nostrils, a long caudal fin,
a short abdomen, numerous teeth on both jaws, and a low number of monospondylous vertebrae.A. herklotsi appears to be mature at about 44 cm in total length.
Apristurus platyrhynchus and four related species were reviewed taxonomically.A. sibogae from Indonesia andA. micropterygeus from the South China Sea were valid species.A. verweyi from the Philippines andA. acanutus from the South China Sea were junior synonyms ofA. platyrhynchus. A. platyrhynchus was re-described, and its new biological information was provided.
Using nuclear coding and mitochondrial ribosomal genes we try to clarify relationships within Carcharhiniformes with special focus on the two most problematic groups: scyliorhinids and triakids. The mitochondrial aligned sequences are 1542 bp long, and include principally portion of 16S rRNA gene. They are obtained for two outgroup species and 43 Carcharhiniformes species, covering 5 of the 8 families and 15 of the 48 genera of the order. The nuclear RAG1 sequences are 1454 bp long, and are obtained for 17 species representative of the diversity of all species sampled. We used Maximum Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood criteria for tree reconstruction. Paraphylies within the family Scyliorhinidae was proposed for the first time by Maisey [Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 82, 33, 1984] in a morphological cladistic analysis. This result has never been proposed again until recently from molecular phylogenies [Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 31, 214, 2004]. Here, independent and simultaneous analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial data are congruent in supporting the paraphyly of scyliorhinids. Two groups of scyliorhinids are obtained, thoroughly in line with discrimination proposed by previous authors, based on presence/absence of supraorbital crests on the chondrocranium. The first group (Scyliorhinus+Cephaloscyllium) is basal within carcharhiniforms and the second group (Apristurus+Asymbolus+Cephalurus+Galeus+Parmaturus) is sister group of all the other families investigated (Carcharhinidae, Proscyllidae, Pseudotriakidae, and Triakidae). The paraphyly of triakids appeared probable but more investigations are needed. In conclusion several independent morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies support paraphyly within scyliorhinids. So we propose a new classification for the group, with the redefinition of the family Scyliorhinidae sensu stricto and the resurrection of the family Pentanchidae with a new definition.
800 m depth; ZMH 112222 (ISH 49-1974), 2 males, 530-550 mm TL, Northeast Atlantic, 61°06'N, 11°30'W, 10 May 1974, 1254-1262 m depth; ZMH 112308 (ISH 1257-1974), juvenile female, 250 mm TL, 2 females, 400-420 mm TL
- Apristurus
- Springer
- Heemstra
Apristurus canutus Springer & Heemstra, 1979: 14 specimens. USNM 206176 (holotype), female, 451 mm TL,
Lesser Antilles; USNM 206180 (paratypes), 3 males and 1 female, 318-433 mm TL, Lesser Antilles; USNM
221293, 221294 (2 specimens), USNM 221295, USNM 221297, USNM 221299, USNM 221454, ZMB 31556
(non-types), 4 males and 5 females, 208-436 mm TL, Caribbean Sea.
Apristurus indicus (Brauer, 1906): 1 specimen. ZMH 8234 (paralectotype), juvenile female, 134 mm TL, off
Cape Guardafui, Somalia, 13°01'N, 47°10'E, 11 Nov 1909, 1840 m depth.
Apristurus laurussonii (Saemundsson, 1922): 52 specimens. ZMH 103157 (ISH 51-1965), juvenile male, 520
mm TL, adult male, 700 mm TL, adult female 680 mm TL, Northeast Atlantic, 62°43'N, 24°30'W, 24 April 1965,
730-780 m depth; ZMH 103158 (ISH 70-1965), adult male, 700 mm TL, 2 adult females, 620-690 mm TL,
Northeast Atlantic, 63°05'N, 23°38'W, 28 April 1965, 700 m depth; ZMH 103165 (ISH 91-1965), 2 adult males,
700-720 mm TL, Northeast Atlantic, 63°03'N, 20°30'W, 30 April 1965, 700-750 m depth; ZMH 103168 (ISH 771965), juvenile male, 430 mm TL, Northeast Atlantic, 63°00'N, 22°06'W, 29 April 1965, 800 m depth; ZMH
112222 (ISH 49-1974), 2 males, 530-550 mm TL, Northeast Atlantic, 61°06'N, 11°30'W, 10 May 1974,
1254-1262 m depth; ZMH 112308 (ISH 1257-1974), juvenile female, 250 mm TL, 2 females, 400-420 mm TL,
Northeast Atlantic, 55°29'N, 18°00'W, 24 May 1974, 1200-1215 m depth; ZMH 112313 (ISH 1259-1974), 3
females, 480-522 mm TL, Northeast Atlantic, 60°42'N, 12°57'W, 07 May 1974, 1014-1024 m depth; ZMH
113308 (ISH 828-1974), female, 570 mm TL, Northeast Atlantic, 49°07'N, 12°15'W, 09 Dec 1974, 1500 m depth;
TMFE 40, male, 536 mm TL, Suruga Bay, off Hagachi Cape, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. TMFE 286, TMFE 287, 2 females, 609-630 mm TL, off Heta, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. TMFE 591, TMFE 592, 1 male and 1 female, 602-617 mm TL
- Apristurus Breviventralis
APRISTURUS BREVIVENTRALIS, NEW SPECIES
522 mm TL, estuary off Pearl river, South China Sea. SFU D-0161 (paratype of A. acanutus), 520 mm TL, South
China Sea. USNM 93135 (holotype of A. verweyi), male, 303.0 mm TL, Sibuko Bay, Borneo.
Non-types. BSKU 22337, female, 345 mm TL, Kochi Prefecture, Japan. BSKU 22788, female, 355 mm TL,
Tosa Bay. BSKU 26866, BSKU 27062, BSKU 27063, BSKU 27064, BSKU 27065, BSKU 27594, BSKU 27597,
BSKU 33521, BSKU 33522, BSKU 33523, BSKU 33524, BSKU 33525, BSKU 33972, HUMZ 103699, HUMZ
145155, HUMZ 145156, HUMZ 145162, HUMZ 145163, HUMZ 145169, HUMZ 145157, HUMZ 145158,
HUMZ 145159, HUMZ 145160, HUMZ 145170, 8 males and 16 females, 280-591.9 mm TL, Okinawa Trough,
Japan. FRLM 27652, HUMZ 103700, 2 males, 484-692 mm TL, Kumano-nada, Mie Prefecture, Japan. HUMZ
191332, male, 490 mm TL, off Sumatra Island, Indonesia. TMFE 21, TMFE 22, TMFE 23, 3 females, 645-680
mm TL, 1 male and 3 females, Suruga Bay, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. TMFE 40, male, 536 mm TL, Suruga Bay,
off Hagachi Cape, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. TMFE 286, TMFE 287, 2 females, 609-630 mm TL, off Heta,
Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. TMFE 591, TMFE 592, 1 male and 1 female, 602-617 mm TL, off Omaezaki,
Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. AMS I 20068-016, male, 408 mm TL, east of Broken Bay, New South Wales,
Australia. AMS I 20920-020, female, 285 mm TL, north-east of Raine Island, Queensland, Australia. AMS I
21724-018, male, 708 mm TL, east of Broken Bay, New South Wales, Australia. AMS I 24101-005, male, 604 mm
TL, off Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. AMS I 24356-008, female, 552 mm TL, off Shoalhaven Bight, New
South Wales, Australia. CSIRO H 913-01, male, 666 mm TL, east of Sugarloaf Point, New South Wales, Australia.
CSIRO H 1201-02, female, 426 mm TL, Houtman Albrolhos Islands, Western Australia, Australia. CSIRO H
1280-07, female, 512 mm TL, east of Nowra, New South Wales, Australia. CSIRO H 1286-03, female, 548 mm
TL, Marian Plateau, northeast of Whitsunday Group, Queensland, Australia. CSIRO H 1343-01, male, 669 mm
TL, east of Nowra, New South Wales, Australia. CSIRO H 1537-02, female, 416 mm TL, east of Brush Island,
New South Wales, Australia. CSIRO H 1543-01, female, 507 mm TL, east of Brush Island, New South Wales,
Australia. CSIRO H 2265-02, male, 695 mm TL, west of Geraldton, Western Australia, Australia. CSIRO H 233601, CSIRO H 2336-02, CSIRO H 2336-03, CSIRO H 2336-04, 2 males and 2 females, 430-682 mm TL, east of
Tuncurry, New South Wales, Australia. CSIRO H 2337-01, female, 529 mm TL, east of Nowra, New South Wales,
Australia. CSIRO H 2500-01, male, 568 mm TL, east of Broken Bay, New South Wales, Australia. FSFL ED 308,
male, 525 mm TL, Norfolk Ridge, Australia. HUMZ 105984, HUMZ 105985, TMFE 520, ZUMT 3424, 3 males
and 1 female, 438-739 mm TL, locality unknown.
Apristurus cf. platyrhynchus: 1 specimen. ZMH 26051, adult male, 710 mm TL, Madagascar Ridge,
33°01.6'S, 44°49.2'E-33°04'S, 44°49.1'E, 9 Dec 1988, 1090-1100 m depth.
Apristurus sp.: 3 specimens. ZMH 25599, 2 females, 299-335 mm TL, off Madagascar, 22°17'4"S,
42°50'5"E-22°22'6"S, 42°52'E, 3 Dec 1988, 1380-1450 m depth; ZMH 26052, juvenile female, 245 mm TL, off
Mozambique, 25°13'9"S, 35°32'1"E-25°18'S, 35°27'5"E, 25 Nov 1988, 980-1000 m depth.
A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part 1 (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata)
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Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer "Valdivia" 1898-1899
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(authors) Description of four new species, a new genus and a new family of Elasmobranchiate fishes from the deep sea of the South China Sea
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Apristurus internatus Deng, Xiong et Zhan
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Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology
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Descriptions of thirty-four new species of fishes collected in 1888 and 1889, principally among the Santa Barbara Islands and in the Gulf of California
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Egg capsules of deep-sea catsharks from Eastern North Atlantic
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Meng, Q.W., Chu, Y.D. & Li, S. (1986) Apristurus micropterygeus sp. nov.. In: Y.D. Chu, Q.W. Meng & S. Li (1986)
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