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Mobile Representation of Complex Assembly Processes in Automotive Industry
Abstract
Today in aircraft and automotive industry highly complex products are manufactured. For the assembly of those complex products specialized and long trained employees are necessary to guarantee a consitent high quality of products. To reduce the training time and to allow even untrained employees the assembly of e.g. a car engine a dedicated concept has been developed to provide the emplyees with the necessary information. This paper describes the concept and the realization of a method for the representation of simulation data of complex assembly sequences on mobile devices (PDAs, wearables, etc.). Therefore the mobile device identifies the components to be assembled. It shows the correspronding assembly simulation on the display and receives feedback of the assembly operator. This feedback can be freely spoken into the device (e.g. comments on the simulation, misfits of assembly parts, demands for a better quality of the simulation, more detailed representation of single assembly steps) and is automatically sent by email to the person in charge. The modified simulation (according to the feedback of the assembly worker) is then transferred back to the PDA during the synchronization at the docking station.
... The documents found were distributed as shown in Table 1. In the data, a clear trend in the publication of documents from around 1991 to 2012 is not found, with a small growth between 2003 and 2005 in which works related to 3D simulators for training in virtual environments are presented either for driving vehicles [41,42] or work on assembly lines in the automotive industry [43] and aeronautics [44], and for training for astronauts [45], until, starting in 2013-2014, an important growth in the publication of documents begins, with a peak of publications in 2019 with 38 documents. In Figure 1, the trend of publications over time is shown. ...
... In Figure 1, the trend of publications over time is shown. In the data, a clear trend in the publication of documents from around 1991 to 2012 is not found, with a small growth between 2003 and 2005 in which works related to 3D simulators for training in virtual environments are presented either for driving vehicles [41,42] or work on assembly lines in the automotive industry [43] and aeronautics [44], and for training for astronauts [45], until, starting in 2013-2014, an important growth in the publication of documents begins, with a peak of publications in 2019 with 38 documents. In Figure 1, the trend of publications over time is shown. ...
... In the Figure 2, the geographical distribution of the documents is shown. In the data, a clear trend in the publication of documents from around 1991 to 2012 is not found, with a small growth between 2003 and 2005 in which works related to 3D simulators for training in virtual environments are presented either for driving vehicles [41,42] or work on assembly lines in the automotive industry [43] and aeronautics [44], and for training for astronauts [45], until, starting in 2013-2014, an important growth in the publication of documents begins, with a peak of publications in 2019 with 38 documents. In Figure 1, the trend of publications over time is shown. ...
A Virtual Reality application was developed to be used as an immersive virtual learning strategy for Oculus Rift S Virtual Reality glasses and through Leap Motion Controller™ infrared sensors, focused on students of the Automotive Systems Engineering academic program, as a practical teaching-learning tool in the context of Education 4.0 and the pandemic caused by COVID-19 that has kept schools closed since March 2020. The technological pillars of Industry 4.0 were used to profile students so that they can meet the demands of their professional performance at the industrial level. Virtual Reality (VR) plays a very important role for the production-engineering sector in areas such as design and autonomous cars, as well as in training and driving courses. The VR application provides the student with a more immersive and interactive experience, supported by 3D models of both the main parts that make up the four-stroke combustion engine and the mechanical workshop scenario; it allows the student to manipulate the main parts of the four-stroke combustion engine through the Oculus Rift S controls and the Leap Motion Controller™ infrared sensors, and relate them to the operation of the engine, through the animation of its operation and the additional information shown for each part that makes it up in the application.
... A stationary WIS implements for example LANG in [15]. GRAFE, MATYSCZOK & PARISI363738 use mobile devices. Schenk et al. describe in [16,17] mobile ARsystems beside stationary ones. ...
Due to customer specific products, the number of product variants and the complexity of assembly processes increase. To meet these challenges, worker information systems are used to manage information diversity in manual assembly and to provide the right information at the right time in a lean way. Such systems are available in various types and their classification depends on a particular point of view. In order to enable a holistic overview of the existing diversity, this paper summarizes such systems and their benefits. For this purpose, available categories are shown. Accordingly, this paper serves as a summarizing report for the state of the art. Furthermore, the implementation and configuration of worker information systems depend on company specific boundary conditions. Considering them, a guideline is presented for the selection of worker information systems.
Kurzfassung
Die Qualifikation von Mitarbeitern durch gezielte Aus- und Weiterbildungsmaßnahmen ist ein wesentlicher Erfolgsfaktor für die Beherrschung der immer komplexer werdenden Produkte und der damit verbundenen Produktionsprozesse. Dieser Tatbestand gilt insbesondere für den Automobilbereich, der in der letzten Zeit durch seine zunehmende Innovationsdynamik und drastische Verkürzung der Produktlebenszeiten die Medien beherrschte. Um diesen Anforderungen gerecht zu werden, werden dort hohe Anforderungen an die Qualifikation der Mitarbeiter gestellt. Infolgedessen kommt der Aus- und Weiterbildung eine sehr hohe Bedeutung zu. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Entwicklung eines mobilen IT-Systems, das in der Aus- und Weiterbildung von Montage-Mitarbeitern eingesetzt werden kann, um ein teilweise autonomes Lernen von Montagevorgängen zu ermöglichen. Es versorgt kontextsensitiv die Auszubildenden mit allen nötigen Informationen (z.B. Darstellung der aktuell durchzuführenden Arbeitsschritte) und analysiert darüber hinaus über spezielle Sensoren die momentan durchgeführten Tätigkeiten. Bei Fehlern gibt das System entsprechende Warnmeldungen aus und stellt die richtige Arbeitsweise auf einem integrierten Touch-Screen oder einer angeschlossenen Datenbrille (Head Mounted Display, HMD) dar.
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