The Metaphors of Sixty: Papers Presented on the Occasion of the 60th Birthday of Zoltán Kövecses
The purpose of this paper is to investigate exocentric compounds in Akan and to present a Construction Morphology account of their properties. I show that the complex issue of exocentricity is better accounted for if we distinguish between formal and semantic exocentricity. I present Bauer's (2008, 2010) typology of exocentric compounds (bahuvrihi, exocentric synthetic, transpositional exocentric, exocentric co-compounds and metaphorical exocentric compounds) and test the Akan data against them, showing that all Akan compound types (N-A, N-N, N-V, V-N, and V-V) are either exocentric or have exocentric subtypes which fall into three of the five types identified by Bauer. They are bahuvrihi compounds and exocentric synthetic compounds (of which I identify two subtypes each) and transpositional exocentric compounds. I present the properties of each identified type of Akan exocentric compound using formalisms from Construction Morphology (Booij 2010b) in which compounds are word-level constructions capable of having holistic properties. The unexpressed features of the exocentric compounds are regarded as holistic constructional properties that do not emanate from the constituents per se.
Within the theoretical framework of Conceptual Metaphor and Metonymy Theory (Lakoff and Johnson 1980; Lakoff and Turner 1989; Radden and Kövecses 1999; Radden 2000; Barcelona 2000) in this paper we deal with the role of metonymy in coining new terms in English, focusing on the figurative use of colours for naming various types of workers which have emerged in the new economy (e.g. gold-collar / grey-collar / green-collar / pink-collar workers, etc.). In this process of naming metonymy plays a major role in that it helps, via a stand-for process to identify people belonging to a socially accepted group. Such metonymic meanings are not ad hoc meanings but are deeply motivated by culturally dependent aspects, resulting in metonymically based metaphors coined according to an already existing formation pattern. We also discuss some pedagogical implications of our analysis for the teaching of ESP.
Within the theoretical framework of Conceptual Metaphor and Metonymy Theory (Lakoff and Johnson 1980; Lakoff and Turner 1989; Radden and Kövecses 1999; Radden 2000; Barcelona 2000) in this paper we deal with the role of metonymy in coining new terms in English, focusing on the figurative use of colours for naming various types of workers which have emerged in the new economy (e.g. gold-collar / grey-collar / green-collar / pink-collar workers, etc.). In this process of naming metonymy plays a major role in that it helps, via a stand-for process to identify people belonging to a socially accepted group. Such metonymic meanings are not ad hoc meanings but are deeply motivated by culturally dependent aspects, resulting in metonymically based metaphors coined according to an already existing formation pattern. We also discuss some pedagogical implications of our analysis for the teaching of ESP.
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