New and little known ptyctimous mites (Acari, Oribatida) from India

Abstract

In 2012, we registered a total of 22 species, 12 genera and five families of ptyctimous mites in India. Three new species, Apoplophora paraspinosa Niedbała sp. nov., Oribotritia duotrisetosa Niedbała sp. nov. and Plonaphacarus kaluzi Nied-bała sp. nov., are described. Some remarks on descriptions of Indian Sumatrotritia inusitata Mahunka, 1989, Euphthirac-arus meghalayensis Sanyal, 1988, Phthiracarus obscurus Niedbała, 1986 and Hoplophthiracarus concinuus (Niedbała, 1982) are presented. Hoplophthiracarus tropicus Mondal & Kundu, 1988 is recognized as a junior synonym of the species Hoplophthiracarus concinuus.

Full text

Accepted by E. Sidorchuk: 15 Oct. 2013; published: 1 Nov. 2013
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Zootaxa 3731 (4): 577–588
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http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3731.4.9
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6BD0E659-A076-465F-A2A2-FF56A830417E
New and little known ptyctimous mites (Acari, Oribatida) from India
WOJCIECH NIEDBAŁA1,3 & SERGEY G. ERMILOV2
1Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
E-mail: wojciech.niedbala@amu.edu.pl
2Tyumen State University, Semakova 10, 625003 Tyumen, Russia. E-mail: ermilovacari@yandex.ru
3Corresponding author
Abstract
In 2012, we registered a total of 22 species, 12 genera and five families of ptyctimous mites in India. Three new species,
Apoplophora paraspinosa Niedbała sp. nov., Oribotritia duotrisetosa Niedbała sp. nov. and Plonaphacarus kaluzi Nied-
bała sp. nov., are described. Some remarks on descriptions of Indian Sumatrotritia inusitata Mahunka, 1989, Euphthirac-
arus meghalayensis Sanyal, 1988, Phthiracarus obscurus Niedbała, 1986 and Hoplophthiracarus concinuus (Niedbała,
1982) are presented. Hoplophthiracarus tropicus Mondal & Kundu, 1988 is recognized as a junior synonym of the species
Hoplophthiracarus concinuus.
Key words: Oribatida, ptyctimous mites, checklist, new species, new synonym, India
Introduction
The present study is based on total ptyctimous mite material collected by L. Dembický and O. Šauša in 2012 from
India. These recorded taxa are provided in Results section. Three new species, belonging to the three different
genera—Apoplophora Aoki, 1980 (Mesoplophoridae), Oribotritia Jacot, 1924 (Oribotritiidae) and Plonaphacarus
Niedbała, 1986 (Steganacaridae)—are described below. The systematics, generic characters, identification keys to
species of these genera was presented earlier (Niedbała 2000).
Some remarks on the descriptions of Sumatrotritia inusitata Mahunka, 1989, Euphthiracarus meghalayensis
Sanyal, 1988, Phthiracarus obscurus Niedbała, 1986 and Hoplophthiracarus concinuus (Niedbała, 1982) are
presented.
Taxonomic status of Hoplophthiracarus tropicus Mondal & Kundu, 1988 is discussed.
Material and methods
Soil litter was passed through a sifter. Ptyctimous mites were extracted into 75% ethanol using Berlese’s funnels.
Specimens submerged in lactic acid and mounted on temporary cavity slides for the duration of the study. Body
measurements are presented in micrometers. Length of the body setae was measured in lateral aspect.
All types of new species are preserved in the collection of the Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology,
Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.
List of collecting sites:
In-1: India, 28°19'32''N 95°57'31''E, Arunachal Pradesh, Hunli, 1300 m a.s.l., soil litter in forest, collected by L.
Dembický and O. Šauša during 26.05–01.06.2012.
In-2: India, 27°00'48''N 92°39'08''E, Assam, Bhalukpong, 150 m a.s.l., soil litter in forest, collected by L.
Dembický and O. Šauša during 01–08.05.2012.

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In-3: India, 28°36'56''N 95°53'21''E, Arunachal Pradesh, Etalin, 700 m a.s.l., soil litter in forest, collected by L.
Dembický & O. Šauša during 01–08.05.2012.
Results
We have found 22 species, 12 genera and five families of Indian ptyctimous mites.
Checklist of ptyctimous mites
Mesoplophoridae
—Apoplophora paraspinosa Niedbała sp. nov. Locality: In-1 (2 ex.), In-3 (4 ex.)
—Apoplophora phalerata Niedbała, 2001. Locality: In-1 (26 ex.), In-2 (9 ex.), In-3 (19 ex.).
—Apoplophora pantotrema (Berlese, 1913). Locality: In-2 (13 ex.), In-3 (6 ex.)
Oribotritiidae
—Indotritia aspera Niedbała, 2000. Locality: In-1 (10 ex.), In-2 (3 ex.), In-3 (7 ex.)
—Indotritia javensis (Sellnick, 1923). Locality: In-2 (30 ex.), In-3 (3 ex.)
—Mesotritia maerkeli Sheals, 1965. Locality: In-1 (1 ex.), In-2 (7 ex.), In-3 (2 ex.)
—Oribotritia duotrisetosa Niedbała sp. nov. Locality: In-1 (1 ex.)
Euphthiracaridae
—Acrotritia ardua (Koch, 1841). Locality: In-1 (3 ex.)
—Acrotritia sinensis Jacot, 1923. Locality: In-1 (2 ex.), In-2 (11 ex.), In-3 (5 ex.)
—Acrotritia vestita (Berlese, 1913). Locality: In-1 (35 ex.), In-2 (27 ex.), In-3 (35 ex.)
—Euphthiracarus meghalayensis Sanyal, 1988. Locality: In-1 (2 ex.), In-3 (3 ex.)
—Microtritia minima (Berlese, 1904). Locality: In-1 (7 ex.), In-3 (1 ex.)
—Microtritia tropica Märkel, 1964. Locality: In-1 (1 ex.), In-2 (1 ex.), In-3 (4 ex.)
—Sumatrotritia inusitata Mahunka, 1989. Locality: In-1 (11 ex.), In-3 (9 ex.)
Phthiracaridae
—Hoplophtiracarus concinuus (Niedbała, 1982). Locality: In-1 (7 ex.), In-3 (3 ex.)
—Phthiracarus crispus Hammer, 1972. Locality: In-1 (1 ex.)
—Phthiracarus obscurus Niedbała, 1986. Locality: In-2 (1 ex.)
Steganacaridae
—Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) cucullatus (Ewing, 1909). Locality: In-1 (3 ex.), In-2 (4 ex.)
—Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) hamatus (Hammer, 1973). Locality: In-1 (8 ex.)
—Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) vitrinus (Berlese, 1913). Locality: In-1 (3 ex.)
—Plonaphacarus kaluzi Niedbała sp. nov. Locality: In-1 (4 ex.), In-3 (5 ex.)
—Plonaphacarus kugohi (Aoki, 1959). Locality: In-1 (28 ex.)
All listed species are known from Oriental Region but seven of them are new for India: I. aspera, A. sinensis,
M. minima, M. tropica, S. inusitata, P. crispus, P. obscurus.
Descriptions of new species
Apoplophora paraspinosa Niedbała sp. nov.
(Fig. 1 A–F)
Measurements of holotype. Prodorsum: length 308, width 202, height 136. Prodorsal setae: sensillum 134,

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interlamellar 61, lamellar 61, rostral 68, exobothridial 51. Notogaster: length 414, width 364, height 263.
Notogastral setae: c1 66, c3 25, e1 88. Width of ventral plate 293; genital plates 71 × 63; anal plates 96 × 71; distance
between genital and anal plates 152.
Integument. Colour dark yellow. Body surface punctate.
FIGURE 1A–F. Apoplophora paraspinosa Niedbała, sp. nov.: A, prodorsum, dorsal view; B, ventral side of opisthosoma; C,
ventral side of opisthosoma, right part; D, lateral view of body; E, palp; F, trochanter and femur IV.

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Prodorsum with traces of weak lateral carinae. Sensilla and prodorsal setae similar in shape, covered with 20
cilia approximately. Rostral setae longer than other prodorsal setae. Lamellar and rostral setae with similar mutual
distances. Exobothridial setae long, some times longer than diameter of bothridia.
Notogaster with eight pairs of relatively strong setae covered with ca 20 cilia with exception of feeble, small
and smooth c3 setae. Setae of row c remote from anterior border, setae c2 considerably more than others.
Ventral region with eight pairs of setae covered with 10 cilia each, except two pairs minute, smooth
anterolateral setae h2 and h3. One pair of anteromedian setae situated anteriorly of anal plates, three pairs in lateral
position, two pairs posteriorly of anal plates. Six pairs of smooth genital setae and three pairs of ciliate anal setae
present. Palp setation: 1–1–3–9(+ω).
Legs not examined.
Material examined. Holotype and one paratype: In-1; four paratypes: In-3.
Comparison to related species. The new species is distinguishable from its congeners by the combination of
the following characters: relatively short setae, sensilla similar to prodorsal setae, setae c3 of “notogaster” small and
smooth, two pairs of minute anterolateral setae h2 and h3, three pairs of anal setae. This species is similar to
Apoplophora spinosa Mahunka, 1987 from Sabah in the length of ciliate “notogastral” setae, number of eight pairs
of ventral setae but the new species has short and smooth c3 of “notogaster (versus ciliate setae), three pairs of anal
setae (versus four pairs), six posterior pairs of ventral setae ciliate, similar in shape (versus spiniform posterior
pairs of ventral setae, different from the others) and without apophysis on femur IV (versus very large apophysis).
Etymology. The name alludes to some resemblance to Apoplophora spinosa Mahunka, 1987.
Oribotritia duotrisetosa Niedbała sp. nov.
(Fig. 2 A–D)
Measurements of holotype. Large species. Prodorsum: length 505, width 439, height 177. Prodorsal setae:
sensillum 139, interlamellar 101, lamellar 76, rostral 94, exobothridial 114. Notogaster: length 990, width 777,
height 727. Notogastral setae: c1 190, h1 and p1 131, c1/c1–d1=0.9. Genital and aggenital plates 217 × 126; anal and
adanal plates 470 × 96.
Integument. Colour deep brown. Body surface dotted.
Prodorsum with two lateral carinae, upper longer and stronger than lower. Sensilla and setae needle-form,
flagellate, exobothridial setae the longest.
Notogaster with feeble, needle-form, flagellate setae, c1/c1–d1=0.9. Setae of row c remote from anterior border.
Ventral region. Nine pairs of genital setae on left side and eight pairs of setae on right side; two pairs of
aggenital setae similar in length. Anal plates with three pairs of minute setae, distance between setae an3 and an2
considerably shorter than between an2 and an1; adanal plates with three pairs of minute setae, distance between ad3
and ad2 slightly shorter than between ad2 and ad1; anterior anal setae an3 and an2 situated anteriorly of ad3 setae;
lyrifissures iad not visible.
Material examined. Holotype: In-1.
Comparison to related species. The new species is one of uncommon species with three pairs of anal and
three pairs of adanal setae, where two anterior anal setae an3 and an2 are situated anteriorly of ad3 setae. We know
only three such species: Oribotritia megale (Walker, 1965) from Nearctic Region and O. ampla Niedbała, 1991 and
O. samoaensis Niedbała, 1998 from Pacific islands. Distinctive features of O. megale has very long interlamellar
setae, rigid sensilla, different arrangement of genital setae and presence of three pairs of aggenital setae; those of O.
ampla are one pair of lateral carinae of prodorsum and setae ag2 longer than ag1; O. samoaensis has one pair of
lateral carinae of prodorsum, minute notogastral setae and longer aggenital setae. Also, the new species is similar to
O. alajuela Niedbała, 2003 which always has two pairs of anal setae.
Etymology. The prefix duo is Latin meaning “two” and refers to both anal and adanal plates being
“trisetosus”.

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FIGURE 2A–D. Oribotritia duotrisetosa Niedbała sp. nov.: A, prodorsum, lateral view; B, prodorsum, dorsal view; C, lateral
view of opisthosoma; D, lateral view of right side of ventral region.
Plonaphacarus kaluzi Niedbała sp. nov.
(Fig. 3 A–H)
Measurements of holotype. Prodorsum: length 379, width 268, height 151. Prodorsal setae: sensillum 76,

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interlamellar 182, lamellar 136, rostral 30. Notogaster: length 707, width 535, height 555. Notogastral setae: c1 and
h1 189, c2 131, c1/ c1–d1=0.9. Genitoaggenital plate 177 × 136; anoadanal plate 303 × 116.
Integument. Colour brown. Body covered with cerotegument. Integument weakly foveolate.
FIGURE 3A–H. Plonaphacarus kaluzi Niedbała sp. nov., A, prodorsum, lateral view; B, prodorsum, dorsal view; C,
genitoaggenital plate; D, anoadanal plate; E, mentum of infracapitulum; F, lateral view of opisthosoma; G, seta e1; H, trochanter
and femur I.

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Prodorsum with distinct median crista; sigillar fields indistinct. Lateral carinae absent. Sensilla with narrow
pedicel and short club-like, rough head. Interlamellar and lamellar setae long, thick, erect, sparsely covered with
spines, obtuse distally similar to notogastral setae. Rostral setae very short, thick, rough, spiniform. Exobothridial
setae vestigial.
Notogaster with rigid setae, sparsely covered with small spines, obtuse distally, of medium size (c1<c1–d1),
dorsal setae longer than lateral with exception of setae cp which is as long as dorsal setae. Setae c1 and c3 near
anterior margin, setae c2 far from margin. Vestigial setae f1 at the level of h1 setae. Two pairs of lyrifissures, ia and
im, present.
Ventral region. Setae h of infracapitular mentum shorter than distance between them. Formula of very short
genital setae: 9(4+2:3). Anoadanal plates with rough setae, setae ad2 longest and curved distally.
Legs setation complete. Seta d of femora I remote from distal end of article.
Material examined. Holotype and three paratypes: In-1; five paratypes: In-3.
Comparison to related species. The new species is distinguishable from congeners by presence of long and
similarly shaped interlamellar and lamellar setae. In the fauna of Steganacaridae exists only one species with
similar shape of these setae, similar length and shape of notogastral setae Plonaphacarus eximius (Niedbała, 1982)
origin from Mexico. The new species differs from P. eximius by presence of median crista of prodorsum (versus
absence of crista), the dilated head of sensilla (versus pointed distal end of sensilla), thick and spiniform rostral
setae (versus needle-form rostral setae), and considerably shorter genital setae.
Etymology. The species is named after Dr. Stanislav Kalúz (Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of
Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia) for the given Indian ptyctimous mite material for our studying.
Remarks about known species
Sumatrotritia inusitata Mahunka, 1989
(Fig. 4 A–E)
All characters almost as in description of holotype (Mahunka 1989). Below we have listed a few additional
characters and verified the description given by Mahunka (1989).
Measurements of specimen from India (Locality: In-3). Prodorsum: length 273, height 91. Prodorsal setae:
sensillum 88, interlamellar 131, lamellar 154, rostral 126. Notogaster: length 505, height 409.
The specimen measured is smaller than that described by Mahunka (differences in the size of individuals occur
in many species of ptyctimous mites).
Diagnosis. Prodorsum with two pairs of vestigial exobothridial setae. Genitoaggenital region with seven pairs
of setae, three pairs of long setae in the antero-median part of plate and four pairs of minute setae, one in antero-
paraxial position, anteriorly of suture kag and three pairs in antiaxial position, one anteriorly of suture kag
(Mahunka (1989) shows the setae in the Figure 8, but does not mention their presence in the description). The
minute setae (three pairs?) depicted by Mahunka are inaccurately presented. The three pairs of long setae in Fig. 8
of Mahunka are located along paraxial border of plate but in our specimens they are slightly skewed from paraxial
border.
Setae h of mentum very long, considerably longer than distance between them. Femora I with four setae.
Diagnostic characters of genus Sumatrotritia. Bothridial scale situated dorso-posteriorly of bothridia. Two
pairs of exobothridial setae. Interlamellar setae displaced towards antiaxial side of prodorsum. Two interlocking
triangles present. Seven pairs of genital setae present, three of them very long, situated medially and obliquely in
anterior part of plate, four others minute, situated on or near progenital plate. Each trochanter of legs with one seta.
This genus takes an intermediate place in the Euphthiracaroidea classification, between Euphthiracarus,
Pocsia and Acrotritia. In the genera Euphthiracarus and Pocsia two interlocking triangles of ventral area are
present, while in Acrotritia one triangle. In the genus Euphthiracarus bothridial scale of prodorsum is positioned
below bothridium, while in the genera Pocsia and Acrotritia it is above bothridium.

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FIGURE 4A–E. Sumatrotritia inusitata Mahunka, 1989. A, prodorsum, lateral view; B, left side of genitoaggenital plate, C,
mentum of infracapitulum, D, coxae and trochanters of legs III and IV; E, trochanter and femur I.
Euphthiracarus meghalayensis Sanyal, 1988
(Fig. 5 A–E)
Measurements of specimen from India (Locality: In-1). Prodorsum: length 308, height 121, width 212. Prodorsal
setae: sensillum 101, interlamellar 164, lamellar 109, rostral 131, exobothridial 35. Notogaster: length 606, height
404, width 394. Notogastral setae: c1 104, c1/c1–d1=0.6, h1 114, p1 96. Genitoaggenital plate 252 × 101; anoadanal
plate 252 × 76.
Diagnosis. Colour yellow, surface of body foveolate. Prodorsum with two pairs of distinct long lateral carinae,
upper shorter and weaker than lower. Sensilla without head, covered with small cilia at tip. Interlamellar and
lamellar setae erect, covered with weak small spines, rostral setae rough, attenuate. Distance between lamellar
setae slightly smaller than than between rostral setae. Notogastral setae rather short, c1<c1–d1, with weak small
spines in distal half. Setae of row c remote from anterior margin, setae c1 a little more than setae c2 and c3. Seta h of
infracapitular mentum very long, considerably longer than distance between them. Nine pairs of genital setae, g1–3
minute, g4, 5 of medium size, g6–9 the strongest, similar in size to ag2 setae, aggenital setae ag2 three times as long as

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setae ag1. Three pairs of anal and three pairs of adanal setae present, erect and rough, with exception of anal setae
an1 and an2 longer, attenuate and smooth, lyrifissures iad located between an3 and ad3 setae. Tarsi
heterotridactylous.
Comparison. Euphthiracarus meghalayensis is distinguishable from congeners by foveolate surface of body,
presence of two pairs of lateral setae, long, rough and attenuate rostral setae, sensilla without head, heterotrichy of
genital and aggenital setae, anal setae an1 and an2 long, attenuate and smooth and tarsi heterotridactylous.
FIGURE 5 A–E. Euphthiracarus meghalayensis Sanyal, 1988. A, prodorsum, lateral view; B, prodorsum, dorsal view; C,
mentum of infracapitulum; D, left side of genitoaggenital plate; E, lateral view of opisthosoma.
Phthiracarus obscurus Niedbała, 1986
(Fig. 6 A–F)
Measurements of specimen from India (Locality: In-2). Prodorsum: length 237, height 91. Notogaster: length
465, height 313.
Remarks. Notogaster with two pairs of lyrifissures ia and im from both sides, right femur with „complete

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chaetotaxy“, left femur with „incomplete chaetotaxy“, setae v’’ is absent, setae h of infracapitular mentum are
shorter than distance between them. All other characters as in holotype.
FIGURE 6A–F. Phthiracarus obscurus Niedbała, 1986. A, prodorsum lateral view, B, mentum of infracapitulum; C, lateral
view of opisthosoma; D, femur, genu and tibia of leg IV; E, right trochanter and femur I; F, left trochanter and femur I.
Hoplophthiracarus concinuus (Niedbała, 1982)
(Fig. 7 A–H)
Hoplophthiracarus tropicus Mondal & Kundu, 1988 syn. nov.
Measurements of specimen from India (Locality: In-1). Prodorsum: length 245, width 164, height 111. Prodorsal
setae: sensillum 71, interlamellar 78, lamellar 6, rostral 33. Notogaster: length 480, width and height 303.
Notogastral setae: c1 94, c1/c1–d1=0.8, h1 99, p1 91. Genitoaggenital plate 114 × 101; anoadanal plate 164 × 96.

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FIGURE 7A–H. Hoplophthiracarus concinuus (Niedbała, 1982). A, prodorsum, lateral view; B, prodorsum, dorsal view; C,
mentum of infracapitulum; D, genitoaggenital and anoadanal plates; E, genitoaggenital plates, another specimen; F, lateral view
of opisthosoma; G, trochanter and femur I; H, genu and tibia IV.
Diagnosis. Colour dark brown; surface of body covered with deep, regulary rounded foveolae. Prodorsum with
distinct median crista and short, feeble lateral carinae; posterior sillons distinct; sigillar fields long and narrow;
sensilla rather long with narrow pedicel and short, fusiform head covered with spines; interlamellar setae similar to

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notogastral setae, rather short, thick, erect, covered with small spines in distal half; lamellar setae minute, rostral
setae spiniform, rough, procumbent; exobothridial setae vestigial (short in holotype). Notogastral setae rather short,
c1<c1–d1, thick, covered with spines in distal half; setae c1 slightly remote from anterior border, setae c2 more
remote, setae c3 almost at border; vestigial setae f1 posteriorly of setae h1; two pairs of lyrifissures ia and im present.
Ventral region: setae h of mentum longer than distance between them; arrangement of genital setae: 4+2:3; in two
examined specimens setae g6 situated laterally of setae g5 (Fig.7 E), in four examined specimens setae g6 situated
posteriorly of setae g5; anoadanal plates with rough setae ad2 the longest, ad3 the shortest. Chaetome of legs of
“complete type”.
Remark. The find of this species in Arunachal Pradesh confirms suspicion (Niedbała 2004) that
Hoplophthiracarus tropicus Mondal and Kundu, 1988 is conspecific with H. concinuus. "It is indicated
by the presence of deep, rounded foveoles of body surface, median prodorsal crista, shape and length of sensillia,
prodorsal, notogastral, anal and adanal setae."
Acknowledgements
We gratefully acknowledge S. Kalúz, L. Dembický and O. Šauša for help with collecting Indian oribatid mites.
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