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Las unidades discursivas en los mensajes instantáneos de wasap
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to explore whether traditional discourse units are valid
for the analysis of instant messaging (IM) conversations in Spanish. Corpus-based
techniques were applied to a 176000 words corpus of Whatsapp interactions in order to
compare their features with those of written/spoken texts and of other new forms of
communications in Internet. The findings show that we do find relevant differences that
affect both the structure of the interaction and how we define the interaction itself.
Results indicate that conversations with IM have fuzzy limits, usually occur
simultaneously to other interactions, and are multimodal. The findings suggest that units
of analysis should be revised not as a variation of traditional written/spoken texts, but as
a different class of interactions.
... The rapid pace of contemporary social transformation and technological evolution, and the ways in which these areas of change are interconnected, point to the need for continuing research in the area of Spanish pragmatics and digital discourse analysis. Alcántara-Plá, M. (2014). Las unidades discursivas en los mensajes instantáneos de wasap. ...
Research into the use of Spanish on the internet has attracted considerable attention among scholars over the last decades. This chapter aims to introduce readers to this field of research. Section 2 provides a working definition of digital discourse analysis and then reviews existing research. First, it traces the evolution of the field in terms of three waves of studies of technology-mediated communication. The waves evolve from a focus on formal, linguistic descriptions of the language of the internet, through socially-oriented approaches that focus on diversity and variability, community, and identity, to more recent critical, multimodal perspectives. Next, it discusses current issues on Spanish digital discourse organized around four areas of interest; namely, text, context, action and interaction, and ideology and power. Section 3 focuses on methodological issues concerning frameworks, data, and research ethics. This chapter ends, in section 4, with the identification of venues for future research
... This seems to infringe an important interactional rule, that conversations should be "bracketed" between an opening and a closing (Goffman 1971: 79). Nevertheless, greeting and farewell formulas are only one possible way to frame a WhatsApp conversation, and on some occasions, they may be omitted (Alcántara Pla 2014). This is also true for other forms of EMC, such as emails (Bou-Franch 2011), Facebook private chats (Meredith 2017), SMS (Spagnolli and Gamberini 2007), or short task-oriented WhatsApp conversations (Sampietro 2016b). ...
Emojis are little pictographs commonly added to electronic messages on several social media platforms. Besides being considered as a way to express emotions in electronically-mediated communication (EMC), similarly to ASCII emoticons, emojis are strictly involved in the performance of humour in everyday digital conversation. Drawing on a corpus of casual WhatsApp dyadic chats, this paper analyses the contribution of emojis to humour in conversation. Results show that these pictographs not only help to signal the opening and closing of the play frame, but also to respond to humour, graphically reproducing laughter. For these purposes, the most common emojis employed by WhatsApp users are the popular yellow smiling and laughing faces. Nevertheless, other pictographs are also involved in electronic humour, as less common emojis can be used in playful ways by themselves.
La recolección de conjuntos de datos de interacciones reales es un paso ineludible en muchas investigaciones que buscan comprender los usos lingüísticos. En el campo del análisis del discurso digital, esto resulta complejo tanto por las características cambiantes de las aplicaciones como por las decisiones éticas que suponen. Este artículo tiene un doble objetivo. En primer lugar, ofrecer un estado de la cuestión sobre los conjuntos de datos de intercambios digitales por WhatsApp y, en segundo lugar, sistematizar diferentes técnicas de recolección de estas muestras, utilizadas en investigaciones previas. La metodología empleada es el análisis de contenido de cien tesis y artículos de investigación recuperados de portales científicos. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo que consideró, entre otras variables, la cantidad de datos recogidos, la técnica de recolección de datos utilizada, la forma de contacto con los participantes y el acceso en línea a los corpus lingüísticos. Los resultados muestran la existencia de algunos corpus anotados y disponibles en lenguas diferentes a la española. Asimismo, se observa, en la mayoría de los antecedentes, la combinación de diferentes técnicas para recoger un conjunto amplio de datos lingüísticos y multimodales. En tal sentido, se sistematizan las principales alternativas metodológicas con las que es posible recolectar datos de interacciones digitales por WhatsApp.
In this paper, we will analyse the language used by a group of Tourism ESP students on WhatsApp. The data will be analysed from different perspectives: a) the grammatical mistakes made, and b) the students´ degree of adaptation to the most common linguistic features in text messages. The results indicate that these students continue to make some basic grammatical mistakes they should have already overcome. Moreover, many linguistic features of text messages were encountered in their interventions such as punctuation overuse and deletion and overuse of sounds. Finally, they insert many emojis in their messages to express different meanings.
En este trabajo se analiza el valor pragmático-discursivo de los signos de puntuación utilizados en WhatsApp a través de muestras de conversaciones reales. En primer lugar, se reflexiona sobre las cuestiones ortográficas y estilísticas que determinan el uso de la puntuación y se detallan las propuestas que se han hecho sobre la puntuación en las nuevas tecnologías, así como las condiciones de enunciación de los mensajes instantáneos en WhatsApp que pueden influir en la selección de la puntuación. Por último, se analizan los valores expresivos de la puntuación utilizada en WhatsApp teniendo en cuenta la variable de la edad. Partiendo de la premisa de que existe una búsqueda de la relevancia óptima (Sperber y Wilson, 1986), se trata de sistematizar los cambios que se están produciendo en la puntuación en WhatsApp.
Emojis are pictographs added to messages on social media and websites. Researchers have observed that emojis representing kissing faces are often used to close instant messaging conversations. This has been interpreted as an imitation of cheek kissing, a common behavior in some cultural contexts. We analyze the use of seven types of kissing emojis in three corpora of WhatsApp chats, one from Spain (where cheek kisses in face-to-face interaction are commonplace in many situations), the other from Germany (where kisses are occasionally given), and the third from the German-speaking part of Switzerland (where cheek kisses are a common greeting between relatives and friends). To do so, we systematically categorize and compare the use of a sample of these emojis on WhatsApp. The analysis suggests that there are differences between the three corpora in the use of the kissing emojis. The emoji “face throwing a kiss” is often included in closing messages in the Spanish and Swiss-German data, while in the Federal German corpus kisses do not appear at the end of a conversation; using these emojis in openings is uncommon in all three corpora. This suggests that these emojis can exhibit cultural variation, but they do not clearly mirror face-to-face behavior.
Estudios previos acerca del impacto de la innovación tecnológica en el periodismo han tendido a no profundizar lo suficiente en la adaptación de los periodistas al uso de tecnología, lo que ha limitado el análisis de lo que ese cambio ocupacional implica para las condiciones laborales. Esta investigación examina las implicaciones de la innovación tecnológica en el trabajo periodístico a partir de las percepciones y experiencias de periodistas bolivianos en torno al uso de WhatsApp en la recolección de noticias. Bajo una metodología cualitativa, enfatizamos el rol del factor organizacional y el de la agencia profesional en la innovación. Los hallazgos apuntan a que la inclusión rutinaria de esta plataforma de mensajería en prácticas ya estandarizadas de recopilación de noticias deriva en una re-estandarización del trabajo. En esos términos, la innovación implica procesos de adaptación individuales y colectivos en los que el uso de WhatsApp está orientado a lidiar con un ambiente laboral competitivo y responde a exigencias organizacionales, motivaciones individuales y a presiones del contexto. Finalmente, la lógica de conectividad detrás de la plataforma de chat móvil pone a los periodistas en una relación de dependencia con la tecnología que precariza su vida laboral y personal.
¿Cuál ha sido el impacto de la pandemia del Covid 19 en la población de Gipuzkoa? ¿qué sentimientos ha generado la pandemia en la ciudadanía guipuzcoana? ¿Qué valoración hace la ciudadanía sobre la gestión institucional de la pandemia? ¿Qué relación existente entre los sentimientos generados en la pandemia y la confianza institucional? ¿Cuáles son las expectativas de futuro de la ciudadanía de Gipuzkoa después de la pandemia? Ahondar en estas cuestiones permite conocer el nivel de confianza institucional y de cultura democrática de una comunidad tras experimentar una crisis como la de la pandemia del Covid 19. Para responder a estas preguntas hemos realizado una investigación basada en una encuesta, titulada Impacto y expectativas derivadas de la crisis de la Covid 19 en Gipuzkoa de la Diputación Foral de Gipuzkoa (2021), y comparado sus resultados con los de otras encuestas a nivel autonómico y estatal. Los resultados del análisis revelan, por un lado, que el impacto de la pandemia del Covid 19 en la población de Gipuzkoa ha sido grande, que ha supuesto un enorme shock social, político y económico, y que ha generado sentimientos de inseguridad, entre otros. Y por otro, que ello no solamente no ha mermado significativamente la confianza en las instituciones, sino incluso la ha aumentado con respecto a algunas instituciones como las científicas. Asimismo, aunque en general esperan cambios, estas expectativas tienden a moderarse en la medida en que vamos saliendo de los momentos más duros de la crisis .
Internet has provided us with an amount of linguistic data without precedents. For those who research discourse and communication, it is an unexpected gift with a huge potential. However, this gift comes with important challenges we have to face. First, large corpora make us to use quantitative methods in fields where we were used to qualitative approaches. In order to change it, new strategies are being developed, such as the Corpus Assisted Discourse Studies (Baker et al. Discourse Soc 19(3):273–305, 2008; Partington et al. Patterns and meanings in discourse. John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 2013).
Secondly, traditional units of analysis need to be redefined. Communication
through Internet has its own characteristics, and some of them do not fit in
previous definitions. There are two main reasons for this regarding discourse
analysis. On the one hand, current interactions are multimedia. Video, image, and sound are not necessarily subordinated to text in Internet, and researchers “needto look beyond language to better understand how people communicate and interact in digital environments” (Jewitt. Multimodal analysis. In:
Georgakopoulou S (ed) The Routledge handbook of language and digital com-
munication. Routledge, London, 2016). Recent approaches, such as Multimodal Critical Discourse Studies (Machin. Crit Discourse Stud 10:347, 2013), move in this direction. On the other hand, limits have become fuzzy. Interactions in Internet work in new ways, even when we call them conversations or chats (Alcántara-Plá. Estudios de Lingüística del Español 35(1):214–233, 2014). If we study them with our current units of analysis, these “conversations” will seem fragmentary and unstructured.
In this chapter, we describe these new challenges and the solutions that have
been adopted so far, drawing attention to the major problems that still remain
unsolved.
This paper presents a structural and communicative analysis of cyberdiscourse in social networks, instant messaging applications and web forums based on the diachronic review of specialized bibliography and legal documents of conditions of use / terms of service of the said applications. From the study of hypertextuality we approach network communication through the analysis of a) types and organization of profiles (identity and community); b) behavioral tendencies of the user in network communication; c) modality and online discursive formats and d) use of symbols, citation and recursiveness. A theoretical-pragmatic research that offers an updated characterization of online communication and its trends. ◄§► Este artículo presenta un análisis estructural y comunicativo del ciberdiscurso en redes sociales, aplicaciones de mensajería instantánea y foros web, basado en la revisión diacrónica de la bibliografía especializada y los documentos legales de condiciones de uso/términos de servicio de las aplicaciones mencionadas. A partir del estudio de la hipertextualidad se aborda la comunicación en red, a través del análisis de a) los tipos y la organización de perfiles (identidad y comunidad), b) las tendencias conductuales del usuario en la comunicación en red, c) la modalidad y los formatos discursivos en línea, y d) el uso de símbolos, la citación y la recursividad. Una investigación teórico-pragmática que ofrece una caracterización actualizada de la comunicación en línea y sus tendencias.
Grammar studies have focused lately on speech instead of on written language,
being the latter the most traditional approach. This situation confronts
us with the necessity of a new definition for some grammar concepts. This paper
proposes a new definition for the concept of sentence so that it can be used for
spoken Spanish analysis. Already existing definitions are evaluated and discarded
because they do not fit with many normal speech structures. Besides, they usually
are confusing regarding syntactic, prosodic and pragmatic features. We propose
a new definition only based on grammar and semantic features. Conclusions
show that this approach allows the syntactic analysis of speech in a much more
accurate way.
This book shows how Internet and mobile technologies - including instant messaging (IM), cell phones, multitasking, social networking Web sites, blogs, and wikis - are profoundly influencing the way we read and write, speak and listen, but not in the ways we might suppose. The book looks at language in an online and mobile world. It reveals for instance that email, IM, and text messaging have had surprisingly little impact on student writing. Electronic media has magnified the laid-back "whatever" attitude toward formal writing that young people everywhere have embraced, but it is not a cause of it. A more troubling trend, according to the book, is the myriad ways in which we block incoming IMs, camouflage ourselves on Facebook, and use ring tones or caller ID to screen incoming calls on our mobile phones. The book argues that our ability to decide who to talk to is likely to be among the most lasting influences that information and communication technology has upon the ways we communicate with one another. Moreover, as more and more people are "always on" one technology or another - whether communicating, working, or just surfing the web or playing games - we have to ask what kind of people do we become, as individuals and as family members or friends, if the relationships we form must increasingly compete for our attention with digital media?
Text-only CMC has been claimed to be interactionally incoherent due to limitations imposed by messaging systems on turn-taking and reference, yet its popularity continues to grow. In an attempt to resolve this apparent paradox, this study evaluates the coherence of computer-mediated interaction by surveying research on cross-turn coherence. The results reveal a high degree of disrupted adjacency, overlapping exchanges, and topic decay. Two explanations are proposed to account for the popularity of CMC despite its relative incoherence: the ability of users to adapt to the medium, and the advantages of loosened coherence for heightened interactivity and language play.
Text-only CMC has been claimed to be interactionally incoherent due to limitations imposed by messaging systems on turn-taking and reference, yet its popularity continues to grow. In an attempt to resolve this apparent paradox, this study evaluates the coherence of computer-mediated interaction by surveying research on cross-turn coherence. The results reveal a high degree of disrupted adjacency, overlapping exchanges, and topic decay. Two explanations are proposed to account for the popularity of CMC despite its relative incoherence: the ability of users to adapt to the medium, and the advantages of loosened coherence for heightened interactivity and language play.
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