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Medicinal properties of Elettaria cardamomum
Abstract
Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton), a native of high ranges of Western Ghats of India, is an ecofriendly plantation spice crop. Apart from its use as a flavoring agent in food preparations, confectioneries and cosmetics, cardamom is used both in ancient and modem medicines. An attempt is made in this paper to cover the geo-ecological requirements, area and production, ancient uses and history, modern use, medicinal properties, aromatic constituent's etc.
... It's famous with the name of queen of spices [1]. The cardamom also divided into two main categories small and large cardamom, cardamom is a type of dried fruit found on perennial herbaceous plant, (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) belong to family zingiberaceae [2]. The potential health benefits of cardamom have found in many diseases and in some health problems. ...
... Health benefit of Cardamom is also found in NAFLD (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) [3]. The cardamom also uses as windiness and stomachic carminative, aromatic stimulant to prevent unpleasant smell in mouth, in nausea and also in vomiting, to prevent pyrosis (excessive watering in mouth) [2] in study it has found cardamom has also effect on nervous system [2] major production of cardamom is occurs in North Sikkim. Cardamom has different-2 according to locality for example Alainchi in Neplai, Elaichi in Hindi, Bhadraila in Sanskrit, Bara llachi in Bengal, kattelam and perelam in Tamil Nadu [4]. ...
... Health benefit of Cardamom is also found in NAFLD (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) [3]. The cardamom also uses as windiness and stomachic carminative, aromatic stimulant to prevent unpleasant smell in mouth, in nausea and also in vomiting, to prevent pyrosis (excessive watering in mouth) [2] in study it has found cardamom has also effect on nervous system [2] major production of cardamom is occurs in North Sikkim. Cardamom has different-2 according to locality for example Alainchi in Neplai, Elaichi in Hindi, Bhadraila in Sanskrit, Bara llachi in Bengal, kattelam and perelam in Tamil Nadu [4]. ...
The cardamom is very common spices in India its mainly two type Amomum subulatum and Elettaria Cardamomum belongs to the family zingiberaceae Amomum subulatum is also known as "Badi Elaichi". It's traditionally uses as mouth freshener or digestive agent.it is very common spices in Indian food. Its main chemical constituent is α-terpinyl acetate, 1,8-cineole, α-terpineol, limonene, α-pinene, β-pinene main chemical is alpha terpinyl acetate in cardamom. Its have many pharmacological activity like antiseptic (pulmonary), antispasmodic (neuromuscular), aphrodisiac, expectorant, anthelminthic, antibacterial (variable), cephalic, cardiotonic, diuretic, emmenagogue, sialagogue and stomachic. It's also act as a stimulant of nervous system some research said that it is also work as a antidote in some venom. According to recent research, required a further study on large scale because some unidentified chemicals are present in their alcoholic extract.
... Cardamom has a pleasant flavour and aroma that makes it the most popular condiments for tea, coffee and cool drinks (Lim, 2013;Anwar et al., 2016). They also trust this to aid in digestion (Korikanthimathm et al., 2000). The cardamom preparation, Eladigana is commonly used to cure arthritis, congestion and itching. ...
... Cardamom is used to prevent nausea and vomiting. Cardamom is invariably used as a cardiac stimulant, according to Korikanthimathm et al. (2000). ...
Cardamom is one of the most expensive species in the world which belongs to the family Zingiberaceae and it's used as traditional medicine. Cardamom is cultivated in India, Sri Lanka, Tanzania and Guatemala. It's available in two types; black cardamom (Amomum subulatum) and green cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum). In folk medicine, different parts of E. cardamomum is used in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, stomachic, retentive, digestive, antiemetic, carminative and anti-putrefactive (during embalmment) agents, and also in treating gums, teeth and throat infection, lung congestion, pulmonary tuberculosis, high blood pressure, heart disease and digestive disorders. Cardamom oil is used as a spice in food and as liquors/flavours in pharmaceutical industries. In medicine, its oil is used as a powerful antiseptic, stomachic, aromatic and diuretic agent. The capsules have been used traditionally for teeth, gum infections, asthma and preparations of digestive ailments. In this chapter, we have consolidated the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of cardamom and their medicinal uses and the antioxidant activities present in cardamom along with its popular and traditional uses.
... This multipurpose food enhancing can be utilized in different desserts and beverages. It contains a sweet and tasty flavor that preferences astounding when utilized in treats and pastries [1]. ...
... Religious literature and scriptures have also mentioned it. Cineole, alkaloids, terpenes, tannins, and flavonoids are the major components [73] . Cardamom or Elaichi powder, mixed with gentle coconut water twice or three times a day, will help with urinary blockage and powdered seeds, mixed with honey, is taken three times a day for vomiting, indigestion, and loss of appetite. ...
Plants have long been utilised for therapeutic purposes. Most of these plants are regularly utilized by the
public to treat common ailments, and some of them have religious significance. These practices are an
important aspect of the Indian healthcare system, which can be seen throughout the country. Because
they are high in medicinal secondary metabolites and oil, sacred plants is a valuable source of
pharmaceuticals in both traditional and modern medicine. In India, around 3000 plant species have been
identified as having therapeutic properties and are employed in traditional medical systems such as
Homeopathy, Yunani, Siddha and Ayurveda. The remedies are made from all parts of the plant, including
the leaves, stem, bark, root, flower, seed, etc. We've taken sacred medicinal plants from the north, south,
east, and west of India, together with their botanical descriptions and therapeutic components has been
discussed in this paper.
Keywords: Sacred medicinal plants, therapeutic purposes, ayurveda
... The characteristic aroma of cardamom is formed by the combined effects of major components like 1,8-cineole and alpha-terpinyl acetate. These compounds are found to be carminative, antiseptic, antiinflammatory, and stimulating [481]. The cancer can be treated by various methods like chemotherapy, radiation therapy, palliative care, surgery, targeted cancer therapy, etc. ...
Medicinal or herbal spices are grown in tropical moist evergreen forestland, surrounding most of the tropical and subtropical regions of Eastern Himalayas in India (Sikkim, Darjeeling regions), Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan, a few Central Asian countries, Middle East, USA, Europe, South East Asia, Japan, Malaysia, and Indonesia. According to the cultivation region surrounded, economic value, and vogue, these spices can be classified into major, minor, and colored tropical spices. In total, 24 tropical spices and herbs (cardamom, black jeera, fennel, poppy, coriander, fenugreek, bay leaves, clove, chili, cassia bark, black pepper, nutmeg, black mustard, turmeric, saffron, star anise, onion, dill, asafoetida, celery, allspice, kokum, greater galangal, and sweet flag) are described in this review. These spices show many pharmacological activities like anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, central nervous system, and antioxidant activities. Numerous bioactive compounds are present in these selected spices, such as 1,8-cineole, monoterpene hydrocarbons, γ-terpinene, cuminaldehyde, trans-anethole, fenchone, estragole, benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde, piperine, linalool, malabaricone C, safrole, myristicin, elemicin, sinigrin, curcumin, bidemethoxycurcumin, dimethoxycurcumin, crocin, picrocrocin, quercetin, quercetin 4’-O-β-glucoside, apiol, carvone, limonene, α-phellandrene, galactomannan, rosmarinic acid, limonene, capsaicinoids, eugenol, garcinol, and α-asarone. Other than that, various spices are used to synthesize different types of metal-based and polymer-based nanoparticles like zinc oxide, gold, silver, selenium, silica, and chitosan nanoparticles which provide beneficial health effects such as antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-diabetic, enzyme retardation effect, and antimicrobial activity. The nanoparticles can also be used in environmental pollution management like dye decolorization and in chemical industries to enhance the rate of reaction by the use of catalytic activity of the nanoparticles. The nutritional value, phytochemical properties, health advantages, and both traditional and modern applications of these spices, along with their functions in food fortification, have been thoroughly discussed in this review
... Elettaria cardamomum is composed of α-pinene (1.5%), β-pinene (0.2%), sabinene (2.8%), myrcene (1.6%), α-phellandrene (0.2%), limonene (11.6%), 1,8-cineole (36.3%), γ-terpinolene (0.5%), linalool (3.0%), linalyl acetate (2.5%), terpinen-4-ol (0.9%), α-terpineol (2.6%), α-terpinyl acetate (31.3%), citronellol (0.3%), nerol (0.5%), geraniol (0.5%), methyl eugenol (0.2%), and trans-nerolidol (2.7%) [17]. ...
The use of live cells to synthesize green nanoparticles (NPs) is a promising and novel bio nanotechnology method. Chemical and physical methods are utilized to synthesize NPs; however, biological approaches are preferred because they are ecologically friendly, safe, healthful, cost-effective, accessible, and effective sources of high productivity and purity. Toxic and hazardous substances, as well as the use of external reducing, stabilizing, or capping agents, are not necessary for the green synthesis of NPs. Cardamom seeds, which are little Capsules (fruits) of Elettaria cardamomum (Family (Zingiberaceae)], have been used in herbal medicine to treat a wide range of ailments, including asthma, tooth and gum infections, cataracts, nausea, diarrhea, and cardiac, digestive, and kidney problems. Cardamom capsules have a number of additional health benefits that are important from both a traditional and current pharmacological perspective. MO-NPs (metal oxide nanoparticles) have caused quite a stir in recent years due to their diverse set of properties. Elettaria cardamomum is high in polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids, making it a viable green source for large-scale, low-cost, and environmentally friendly MgO-NP production. UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDS are used to investigate the phytoassisted synthesis of MgO. (Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). Researchers have successfully disseminated suitable MO-NPs for obtaining significant results by leveraging their numerous desirable qualities, such as those found in the pharmaceutical, ceramics, textile, electronic, and fertilizer industries.
The knowledge on the use of plants of the order Zingiberales by the Malaipandaram tribe inhabited in South India was documented. The data was recorded through questionnaires after proper consultation with the traditional healers and others. The informant consensus factor and use value were analysed. Taxonomic studies were carried out and herbarium specimens were preserved at Catholic Volege Herbarius (CATH) herbarium and live specimens were conserved in the Catholicate College Botanical Garden. A total of 17 ethnobotanically important species were identified in Zingiberales distributed under 5 families, viz., Zingiberaceae, Costaceae, Musaceae, Marantaceae and Cannaceae. The plants were listed with scientific name, local name, family, parts used, preparation methods and use. The commonly used taxa was Curcuma longa with 52 use reports and highest use value of 1.62. In the investigation, endocrinal disorders and tooth pain reported highest F ic of 1. The information collected will be the baseline data for future phytochemical and pharmacological research to develop new drugs and service.
Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton (cardamom), popularly known as the “Queen of spices,” belongs to the Zingiberaceae family and is one of the world’s most expensive and unusual spices. It is high in phenolic compounds, volatile oils, and fixed oils. Cardamom oleoresin is a non-toxic, non-irritant, and non-sensitizing semi-solid liquid with a sweet and spicy flavor produced from the seeds of cardamom fruit. The oleoresin is prepared using various methods, including solvent extraction and CO2 extraction. It is mainly used in culinary preparations as a condiment or a spice to improve the flavor of a meal. Oleoresin has a high concentration of triglyceride and steroid components. The medicine comprises pharmacologically active ingredients to treat cramps, anorexia, dyspepsia, vomiting, indigestion, and heartburn. Cardamom oleoresins are also utilized in laxative and carminative medicines. The highly referenced publications for the term “Elettaria cardamomum oleoresins” were extracted from multiple standard electronic databases (Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed) published, analyzed , and presented to understand various factors relevant to oleoresins. This chapter provides information on the traditional and therapeutic potential of E. cardamomum oleoresins, the positioning of oleoresin in the domestic and global markets, different extraction processes, phytochemical constituents, newer technology, and its applications, etc. The data is gathered methodically to provide a thorough knowledge of the subject that will be useful to the food processing, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceutical businesses.KeywordsOilFoodSpiceVolatile oilNutraceuticalsPharmaceuticals
Herbal remedies with different therapeutic properties assume a huge part during pregnancy, labour, and post-pregnancy periods across the globe. Batrisu vasanu or Katlu is an ethnobotanical popular polyherbal folk Galactagogue and postpartum remedy from Gujarat. It is only traditionally practiced and suggested by elderly members of society in the postpartum phase. As the preparation and its uses are not reported precisely earlier from the Unani system, in this study we have tried to focus on qualitative analysis of the ingredients added and their variations among marketed Batrisu vasanu products.
From 2020 to 2021, a modern study was undertaken in the central Gujarat region. Five (5) Commercial suppliers were chosen from three major districts: Vadodara, Ahmadabad, and Panchmahal. We have made the checklist from the ingredients mentioned on the pack, their botanical details were analysed using Unani and Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeias. Relative frequency of citation (RFC) was calculated to find the consistency in ingredient.
The composition of collected samples showed only 24-27 herbs per sample with a range of 7 ingredients instead of 32. Total 57 medicinal herbs of 53 species, from 49 genera belonging to 34 plant families were reported. Nine plant taxa were found in all the samples examined, with the highest Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) value, supporting its frame for post pregnancy care.
It is concluded that samples were added with diverse types of herbs, and were having a highly inconsistent polyherbal composition. Although this polyherbal composition is not included in the Tibbi system, it gives us an opportunity to confirm the plant taxa from the Unani perspective.
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