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Intangibles and Innovation: The Role of Communication in the Innovation Ecosystem
... A number of authors emphasize that innovation emerges in multi-channel dynamic ecosystems of innovation, composed of researchers, funders, entrepreneurs, legislators, experts, and employees, in which dynamic processes of creating novelties and experimentation take place (Ackermann, 2013;Luoma-aho & Halonen, 2010;Jansen et al., 2006); therefore, effective interaction between actors is a condition for productive innovation activity. The innovation activity is a complex process taking place in certain stages. ...
... The innovation activity is a complex process taking place in certain stages. It is influenced by both the internal and external environment of the organization (Zerfass, 2005) and involves many actors (Luoma-aho & Halonen, 2010). Innovation requires the use of external and internal resources and respective knowledge, technologies, and effective decisions for a smooth transition from one stage to another (Beckett & Hyland, 2009). ...
... Innovation requires the use of external and internal resources and respective knowledge, technologies, and effective decisions for a smooth transition from one stage to another (Beckett & Hyland, 2009). Innovation can occur only in a certain environment; i.e., only in those organizations in which an innovation-friendly organizational culture is created and fostered (Winkler & Zerfass, 2016;Luoma-aho & Halonen, 2010;Kenney, 2000). According to researchers, effective creation of innovation requires continuous development, organization and management of innovation activities by applying a respective organizational structure, systemic approach, and mechanisms supporting this activity (Chutivongse & Gerdsri, 2020;Drucker, 2006). ...
The topic of innovation is extremely important because it relates to the ability of organizations, urban regions and even states to remain competitive in today’s rapidly changing world. The problem for modern organizations is how to increase the scale and efficiency of innovation in modern organizations. One of the most striking modern trends that helps to generate innovation is the involvement of the organization’s stakeholders in the processes of value co-creation, encouraging their processes of collective cooperation, knowledge sharing and creative expression. Changing value creation processes are becoming a critical factor in creating innovation. Value creation has always been an essential foundation of any organization’s activities, but the targeted involvement of stakeholders in value creation is a relatively new phenomenon. The article presents a study, the aim of which is to investigate how and in what forms creative organizations – publishing houses – use the adaptability of their managed communication channels to encourage stakeholder involvement in value co-creation processes in innovation. Stakeholder involvement in the development of new ideas and projects, networking, collaboration, knowledge sharing, various non-formal learning opportunities, creation of discussion and feedback platforms as important drivers of stakeholder engagement are particularly important in fostering value-added processes in innovation.
... According to Moulaert and Sekia (2003), all these territorial models of innovation suffer with conceptual ambiguity. The research of Hautamäki (2006), Rohrbeck and Pirelli (2010), Luoma-aho and Halonen (2010), and Graham (2013) revealed a conceptual shadowing between industrial clusters and their constituent elements with innovation ecosystems term. The same happens with the concepts of the productive chains present in Rubens et al. (2011) and the concept of innovation ecosystems in Rabelo, Bernus and Romero (2015). ...
... Among the concepts of innovation ecosystems, it is perceived that these are considered as permanent or temporary catalysts systems of interaction and exchanges among different actors (companies, universities, government, NGOs, citizens, local communities, educational system, robust institutions in R & D, highly skilled professionals, strong physical and cybernetic infrastructure - Carayannis & Campbell, 2009;Luoma-aho & Halonen, 2010;Bulc, 2011;Burke, 2011;Jackson, 2011;Chang, 2012;Lappalainen, Markkula & Kune, 2015;. These ecosystems have enabling elements (knowledge, information, human resource capacity, availability of resources, market demands, regulatory environment, public policies) permeated by interorganizational relations in the form of networks Lemos, 2011;Fukuda & Watanabe, 2012;Rabelo, Bernus & Romero, 2015) capable of influencing the performance of the relationships of these organisms (Lakitan, 2013) that allow a 'crosspollination' of ideas, facilitating the technological development and the emergence of innovations (Letaifa, 2009;Wang, 2009;Luoma-aho & Halonen, 2010;Engler & Kusiak, 2011;Russell et al., 2011;Zahra & Nambisan, 2011;Durst & Poutanen, 2013;Watters, 2013;Carayannis & Campbell, 2009;Qin, 2012;Jackson, 2011) for delivering value to the end consumer (Adner, 2006;Moura & Adler, 2011;ADNER, 2012). ...
... Among the concepts of innovation ecosystems, it is perceived that these are considered as permanent or temporary catalysts systems of interaction and exchanges among different actors (companies, universities, government, NGOs, citizens, local communities, educational system, robust institutions in R & D, highly skilled professionals, strong physical and cybernetic infrastructure - Carayannis & Campbell, 2009;Luoma-aho & Halonen, 2010;Bulc, 2011;Burke, 2011;Jackson, 2011;Chang, 2012;Lappalainen, Markkula & Kune, 2015;. These ecosystems have enabling elements (knowledge, information, human resource capacity, availability of resources, market demands, regulatory environment, public policies) permeated by interorganizational relations in the form of networks Lemos, 2011;Fukuda & Watanabe, 2012;Rabelo, Bernus & Romero, 2015) capable of influencing the performance of the relationships of these organisms (Lakitan, 2013) that allow a 'crosspollination' of ideas, facilitating the technological development and the emergence of innovations (Letaifa, 2009;Wang, 2009;Luoma-aho & Halonen, 2010;Engler & Kusiak, 2011;Russell et al., 2011;Zahra & Nambisan, 2011;Durst & Poutanen, 2013;Watters, 2013;Carayannis & Campbell, 2009;Qin, 2012;Jackson, 2011) for delivering value to the end consumer (Adner, 2006;Moura & Adler, 2011;ADNER, 2012). SMEs depend on different supports of an innovation system to develop their innovations based on the business partners in this system (Tödtling & Kaufmann, 2001) to reduce their knowledge asymmetries (Qin, 2012). ...
... According to Moulaert and Sekia (2003), all these territorial models of innovation suffer with conceptual ambiguity. The research of Hautamäki (2006), Rohrbeck and Pirelli (2010), Luoma-aho and Halonen (2010), and Graham (2013) revealed a conceptual shadowing between industrial clusters and their constituent elements with innovation ecosystems term. The same happens with the concepts of the productive chains present in Rubens et al. (2011) and the concept of innovation ecosystems in Rabelo, Bernus and Romero (2015). ...
... Among the concepts of innovation ecosystems, it is perceived that these are considered as permanent or temporary catalysts systems of interaction and exchanges among different actors (companies, universities, government, NGOs, citizens, local communities, educational system, robust institutions in R & D, highly skilled professionals, strong physical and cybernetic infrastructure - Carayannis & Campbell, 2009;Luoma-aho & Halonen, 2010;Bulc, 2011;Burke, 2011;Jackson, 2011;Chang, 2012;Lappalainen, Markkula & Kune, 2015;. These ecosystems have enabling elements (knowledge, information, human resource capacity, availability of resources, market demands, regulatory environment, public policies) permeated by interorganizational relations in the form of networks Lemos, 2011;Fukuda & Watanabe, 2012;Rabelo, Bernus & Romero, 2015) capable of influencing the performance of the relationships of these organisms (Lakitan, 2013) that allow a 'crosspollination' of ideas, facilitating the technological development and the emergence of innovations (Letaifa, 2009;Wang, 2009;Luoma-aho & Halonen, 2010;Engler & Kusiak, 2011;Russell et al., 2011;Zahra & Nambisan, 2011;Durst & Poutanen, 2013;Watters, 2013;Carayannis & Campbell, 2009;Qin, 2012;Jackson, 2011) for delivering value to the end consumer (Adner, 2006;Moura & Adler, 2011;ADNER, 2012). ...
... Among the concepts of innovation ecosystems, it is perceived that these are considered as permanent or temporary catalysts systems of interaction and exchanges among different actors (companies, universities, government, NGOs, citizens, local communities, educational system, robust institutions in R & D, highly skilled professionals, strong physical and cybernetic infrastructure - Carayannis & Campbell, 2009;Luoma-aho & Halonen, 2010;Bulc, 2011;Burke, 2011;Jackson, 2011;Chang, 2012;Lappalainen, Markkula & Kune, 2015;. These ecosystems have enabling elements (knowledge, information, human resource capacity, availability of resources, market demands, regulatory environment, public policies) permeated by interorganizational relations in the form of networks Lemos, 2011;Fukuda & Watanabe, 2012;Rabelo, Bernus & Romero, 2015) capable of influencing the performance of the relationships of these organisms (Lakitan, 2013) that allow a 'crosspollination' of ideas, facilitating the technological development and the emergence of innovations (Letaifa, 2009;Wang, 2009;Luoma-aho & Halonen, 2010;Engler & Kusiak, 2011;Russell et al., 2011;Zahra & Nambisan, 2011;Durst & Poutanen, 2013;Watters, 2013;Carayannis & Campbell, 2009;Qin, 2012;Jackson, 2011) for delivering value to the end consumer (Adner, 2006;Moura & Adler, 2011;ADNER, 2012). SMEs depend on different supports of an innovation system to develop their innovations based on the business partners in this system (Tödtling & Kaufmann, 2001) to reduce their knowledge asymmetries (Qin, 2012). ...
... Maillat-aho and Halonen discuss the relationship between technology innovation and social system, market environment, and sustainable development from the angle of ecological economy, laying the foundation of area innovation system's coordinative evaluation [13]. According to Adner and Kapoor, innovation ecosystem is a mechanism which plays a synergistic integration of enterprise innovation results [14]; Luoma-aho et al. believe that innovation ecosystem is a lasting or temporary system based on ecological environment [15]. Iansiti and Levien argue that innovation ecosystem is a system composed of political subsystem, economic subsystem, environmental subsystem, technological subsystem, cross-organizational subsystem, etc., which interact with each other to form a favorable innovation atmosphere and thus maintain sustainable growth [16]. ...
... Adner and Kapoor proposed earlier that innovation ecosystem is a collaborative mechanism, which can be used by enterprises to create values that cannot be created by a single enterprise through multienterprise cooperation [14]. On this basis, Nambisanl and Baron propose that the innovation ecosystem is an important environment for entrepreneurship, and core enterprises are the leaders of the innovation ecosystem [22]. ...
Purpose. This article aims to bring the issue of multicultural integration of urban international community into the perspective of innovation ecosystem. Combined with theory, it probes into the relationship between multicultural integration and innovation ecosystem. The study, based on in-depth questionnaire and document analysis, examines the status quo of foreign residents’ participation in local social and cultural life from the measurement of identity, cultural differences, values, ideologies etc., and the obstacles encountered with the focus of spirit, material, and management. Design/Methodology/Approach. This study adopts the data sampling methods of purview sampling and snowball sampling to investigate cultural integration from two dimensions of sociocultural (behavioral) integration and psychological (emotional/affective) integration. The scale adopts the 4-point score of Likert formula and uses the mean coefficient (the average score of each item) to judge the difficulty of psychological integration of foreign residents. Findings. First, the social and cultural integration perceived by foreign residents is at a medium level. The conflicts of values, the differences of social and cultural systems, identity, and language ability are the main obstacles and difficulties in the multicultural integration of foreign residents. Second, at the psychological level, many foreign residents conducting the survey did not have too much psychological pressure, most of them could regulate their emotions by themselves, but the problem of psychological integration still exists; therefore, relevant effective intervention is needed. Third, foreign residents’ views on the social and cultural environment of their communities affect multicultural integration and stability of their communities. Practical Implications. This study helps understand the factors affecting multicultural integration in international community, which will be helpful for the researcher to understand more about the current issue of multicultural integration in international community and for the relevant department to adopt suitable policy and measurements to facilitate multicultural integration in international community.
... Strategic communication in the context of sustainability development is considered an essential condition and tool for effective policymaking and public participation, starting with vision formulation, negotiations and finishing with preparation, creation, and implementation of plans for monitoring the decision impact. It is observed that innovation occurs in multi-channel dynamic innovation ecosystems consisting of researchers, funders, businessmen, legislators, experts, and employees, where dynamic processes of creating innovations and experimentation take place (Ackermann, 2013;Luoma-aho & Halonen, 2010). Many authors point out that innovative activities become more efficient when organizations involve more actors from different settings in their activities (López-Rubio et al., 2020), make use of relationships and strategic partnerships (Hein et al., 2019), since this enables faster identification of stakeholder needs, problems, and various offers (Ranjan & Read, 2016), understanding value dimensions from the perspective of various groups (Boyd & Koles, 2019), activating stakeholders' creativity and knowledge (Mathrani & Edwards, 2020), use of both internal and external resources (Hein et al., 2019), accelerate of organizational learning (Mastio et al., 2019), more consistent development of new ideas and ensuring their implementation and dissemination (Gustafsson et al., 2012). ...
Sustainable development becomes a strategic goal of modern business organizations and an aspiration to ensure long-term economic growth through the creation of innovative products and services, saving resources and their sustainable use, nurturing the environment, and contributing to the creation of public welfare. It should be noted that communication and creativity constitutes a significant part of the innovation generation and implementation process. Promotion of idea generation, the interpretation of the need for innovation, the provision of opportunities for expressing new ideas, the development of relationships both within the team itself and with stakeholders are important in each phase of communication. The article presents the research, the purpose of which is to determine how creative communication solutions condition the involvement of the organization’s stakeholders, developing sustainability and creating sustainable innovations in Lithuanian business organizations. The applied research method is qualitative content analysis of the web pages of the largest Lithuanian business organizations, seeking to collect data on the essential organization of sustainable innovation development activities, challenges and features of stakeholder involvement. The data required for the research was collected by reviewing the publicly available information of 100 websites of Lithuanian business organizations in order to determine the essential communicated sustainability topics. Documents related to sustainable activities of organizations were also investigated (sustainability performance reports, corporate social responsibility reports, etc.). The results of the study show that Lithuanian business organizations consider the development of a sustainable activity strategy an important priority in the near term. However, although they understand the need for sustainable activities, developing sustainable innovations by involving stakeholders in these activities is difficult due to the lack of such practices and various organizational factors.
... Likewise, other authors point out that innovation communication at an external level helps to build an innovative image of the organization; creates trust among individuals, MRJIAM organizations and industries involved in the process; dispels fears about innovation and supports the consolidation of relationships; and reduces uncertainties. Internally, the contribution is framed as creating awareness of innovation, motivating professionals to participate, consolidating an innovation culture, cross-pollinating ideas and knowledge, increasing loyalty and encouraging employee retention (Ackermann et al., 2015;Linke and Zerfass, 2011;Luoma-aho and Halonen, 2010;Moenaert et al., 2000). ...
Purpose
This study aims to identify the main barriers and drivers that influence the role of communication in open innovation (OI) activities, and how these can support and enhance the innovative capacity of companies in the automotive industry. In order to get this, we carry out in an assembly plant of an automotive firm.
Design/methodology/approach
An action research study is carried out with the participation of the researchers, the Innovation and Communication managers of the assembly plant and four external stakeholders who have participated in OI dynamics carried out by the company.
Findings
It is observed that collaborative practices are integrated within the culture of the assembly plant. This is carried out according to the specific needs of the company, which limits the specificity of the stakeholders with which it collaborates. In terms of communication, the proposed functions are evidenced in practice. However, it is advisable to systematize these functions and to acquire, in the case of communication professionals, specific skills to support the integration of open practices.
Originality/value
Although studies exist that analyze OI in the automotive process, none have focused on how communication may help reinforce it. In addition, this study shows how communication may play a significant role in an assembly plant where research and development activities may not be important. Thus, the contribution of this study is twofold. On the one hand, it enriches the literature on OI; on the other hand, it proposes policies to improve the performance of OI practices by involving communication at all stages.
... • Consistent and dynamic communication. Luoma-aho & Halonen (2010) argue that communication is a key process supporting knowledge creation by network of actors. The dynamic dialogue stipulates sharing of experiences which in turn leads to greater cocreative potential (Tchorek et al., 2020). ...
Open Science is a rapidly expanding and diversifying field of social innovation with significant implications for and potential benefits to society, policy and various academic research areas. However, much is still unknown about the co-creation processes in Open Science and an overall conceptual framework which aids such understanding is missing. The article aims to address these limitations and identify the key dimensions of an ecosystem allowing co-creation in Open Science to unfold its social and economic impact. The research presented integrates the literature analysis on co-creation in multi-stakeholder ecosystems and suggest that three important dimensions have to be considered in evaluation of Open Science ecosystems: framework conditions, system conditions and outcomes. The proposed model was applied in qualitative analysis of thirty-three Open Science case studies. Based on the results of evaluation, it can be concluded that Open Science landscape is highly heterogenous, fragmented and not fully coordinated. The fragmentation appeared in all dimensions of evaluation. The outcomes of the research provide a first exploratory step in proposing innovative measures to determine the elements of co-creation practices within Open Science context.
... Nambisan & Baron [5] thought that the innovation ecosystem is an interconnected network in which core companies and other innovation entities focus on knowledge, technology or skills in a certain field to jointly improve their capabilities, and develop new products and services through competition and cooperation. Vilma & Halonen [6] and other scholars proposed that various organisations within the innovation ecosystem are both competitive and cooperative. Influenced by a variety of macro factors, they jointly meet market needs through inter-organisational R&D cooperation, patent authorisation, and technical standard formulation, and by funds, information, and knowledge, realise their own interconnection and evolution [7], forming a comparative advantage in terms of resources and technology [8]. ...
From the perspective of innovation ecology, the green innovation of core enterprises is a key to high-quality economic development. This paper researches BYD, makes a discussion on the evolution and characteristics of green innovation, and clarifies the driving force of green innovation of core enterprises in the green innovation ecosystem. In addition, the 2002–2019 green patent authorisation data of BYD is selected as the green output indicator of the core enterprise. And through testing the data, the findings are that the perturbation term ε is white noise, which meets the zero expectation E(εt) = 0, and the same variance Var(εt) = σ2 and that there is no autocorrelation Cov(εt, εs) = 0, t ≠ s. The ARMA model is hence constructed for analysis. Through analysis, conclusions are drawn that when the core enterprises and other entities in the green innovation ecosystem collaborate to innovate, the complexity and dynamics could be found in the green innovation evolution process and that as an important driving force for green innovation, innovation input not only raises current green output but also facilitates future green output.
... RWC 2011 positively impacted on intra-regional relationships as opposed to inter-regional relationships (18). Moreover, qualified communications specialists require to design and monitor the development of shared cognition among organization members in order to improve the effectiveness of communication and crossdisciplinary integration (19). ...
Background. It cannot be denied that sport ecosystem consists of complex stakeholders. According to that, smart orchestration was needed to permit integration and promote active cross-sectoral. It required a suitable strategy to integrate and engage the entire system at any individual group, enterprise-level, and public sector. Therefore, the practical strategy will engage the entire system, so that key stakeholders participate, engage or commit to creating shared values that are essential to driving a strategy together. Moreover, it is imperative to engage stakeholders from the start to assigned duties and establishing a connection between departments efficiently. So, the research study focused on using the SOAR approach (strengths, opportunities, aspirations, and results) as a tool for establishing a dialogue with complex stakeholders in Thailand's sports ecosystem that consist of 3 main groups of stakeholders which were government sector, private sector, and content providers. Objectives. The research study aims to create strategies formulation to drive the sports ecosystem as a tool in integrating collaboration of sports ecosystem in Thailand. Methods. The in-depth interview with 25 key informants and confirmed strategies in a focus group with 8 expertise has been used in this research. Results. It found that 5 effective strategies exalted operation by increasing integration among complex stakeholders in Thailand’s sports ecosystems. Conclusion. Thailand’s sports ecosystem accurately to inquiry, strengthen, imagine opportunities, innovate aspiration and inspire results and lead them seeing the same target to integrate into the implementation level to achieve the national sport development plan altogether.
... To keep an ecosystem functional and coherent, communication is needed. Furthermore, communication has been found as a prerequisite for an innovation ecosystem to thrive [5]. Smart communication is part of being smart campus. ...
In a business building, different stakeholders communicate with each other frequently. It is important to understand their communication needs to be able to develop smart building solutions to support the communication. Our study focused on an entrepreneurial business campus that hosts start-up companies, investor companies and service providers. As data collection methods, we used interviews complemented with one-week diaries. In total, we interviewed representatives of ten different stakeholder roles. Especially important contacts as well as communication needs related to providing services were studied. As a result, we present how these professionals currently communicate with each other and what communication needs they have. These findings can be used when defining communication requirements in the development of smart solutions for business campus buildings.
... On this regard, as some authors mention, it is crucial that firms be aware of the role of communication as a source of competitive advantage, which is especially important in innovation (Ackermann et al., 2015;Luoma-Aho and Halonen, 2010). Enkel et al. (2017) emphasize the decisive contribution that innovation communication makes to realizing OI potential. ...
Purpose
This article proposes a theoretical framework that synthesizes the main factors explaining the strategic contribution of communication department to open innovation (OI) processes. Because there is little or no research literature on communication and OI, the purpose is to fill this gap. A literature review and empirical qualitative research were conducted to weigh the significance of the framework in practice.
Design/methodology/approach
An interdisciplinary literature review was necessary to identify the main factors that explain the communication contribution to OI. The analysis of three multinational case studies has helped to enrich the proposed framework. Six semi-structured interviews were conducted with in-company communication managers and innovation managers in order to capture their perceptions.
Findings
Communication emerges as a strategic function with the potential to be embedded in the whole OI process. The main conclusion is that it may play an increasingly central role in enhancing relationships with external partners. Moreover, it enacts its strategic role while facilitating the enhancement of the organization's overall communication capability – that is, trust, transparency and a coherently articulated narrative.
Research limitations/implications
This article has not been designed as a comprehensive overview of the topic, nor it is designed to be statistically representative or generalizable. The study was conducted with the intention of exploring the theoretical and practical contributions of communication department to OI, as well as to raise awareness among scholars and practitioners on this new but neglected topic for research. Its qualitative approach serves to assess the value of the framework proposed, and the key issues highlighted here require further research.
Practical implications
The theoretical framework proposed may enable innovation managers to identify the factors in which the communication function and its practitioners may play a role for facilitating OI processes. Likewise, communication practitioners may find it useful to foster their organizational role and capabilities within these processes.
Originality/value
This article underlines the significant contribution that the communication function may play in OI processes. Research on this topic has been neglected thus far, despite its significance for the competitiveness of companies and the economy as a whole.
... Zahra and Nambisan (2011) framed IE as a loose network, in which every enterprise coordinates on innovation and/or innovation platform, yet dependable on each other for the ultimate benefits and survivals. Based on the previous research (Luoma-aho et al., 2010), this study defines IE as a longterm or a temporary system, which is composed of various innovation organizations in the ecological environment, aiming to promote interaction, communication and innovation within the network. ...
There are several research gaps in combining innovation ecosystem theories with the platform theories. From the perspective of platform strategies in the context of innovation ecosystem (IE), the present study examined two typical cases observed in the automobile manufacturing industry. The main research findings are the illustrations of the two types of platform strategies (featured either in mutualism symbiosis or in predation symbiosis) of IE in a sustainable ecologic environment of an emerging market (China). Furthermore, the evolution mechanisms and process models of these platform strategies are revealed and discussed. The research findings may contribute to the theoretical development in the context of IE, meanwhile may shed some lights for the future research about the incremental improvement and/or radical innovation in a certain industrial ecology of the emerging markets.
... In sum, if communication may play a key role in strategizing the complex relational grid of open innovation, it should be considered as a management function in strategic decision-making processes. However, this aspect is not still fully addressed in literature (Luoma-Aho & Halonen, 2010;Romenti, Invernizzi, Biraghi, & Murtarelli, 2013;Zerfass & Huck, 2007). ...
The relevance of communication along the innovation process has remained historically a rather neglected topic among corporate communication. In fact, there are still scarce studies that research communication from a multi-level perspective along the innovation process. That is especially important in open and collaborative innovation as interactions between firms and their internal and external stakeholders are in all phases at the same time and at all levels of the organization. This study pretends to ask a specific question: Which factors are the most relevant in order to make communication a relevant organizational mechanism as a support of collaborative innovation process? Action Research methodology has been used in this study, which has been carried through interviews to the practitioner and the development of three case studies. We have built a framework where four factors are developed to explain their influence in the role of communication to promote open innovation: strategic relevance of communication; capabilities and resources; innovation process stages; and cultural factors.
... We underline that an innovation ecosystem can favor resource allocation for business growth (Luoma-aho and Halonen, 2010;Rubens et al., 2011;Adner, 2006) what is not stressed on global innovation system, which is considered an independent system based in knowledge flows. Thus, these knowledge flows do not support the technology and innovation development per se (Jackson, 2011), and weakly promote partnerships (Adner, 2006) to innovation emergence and production. ...
Purpose
This metasynthesis aims to build a theory on the concept of innovation ecosystem from the state of the art of qualitative case studies available in indexed scientific production using interpretive synthesis (Hoon, 2013).
Design/methodology/approach
This research was conducted by the postulates of the metasynthesis method (Hoon, 2013) to generate theory from qualitative case studies. The authors retrieved 77 research papers from databases, of which 6 were used for synthesis purposes. Each selected research paper reported one or more cases, which were analyzed separately. At the final stage, a data synthesis was structured and the cases were crossed, which allowed the development of a schematic representation and a theoretical construction of the innovation ecosystem concept. The approach used in this research is a metatheoretical assumption from economics and management and ecology to explore the theoretical gap in the concept of innovation ecosystems.
Findings
There is not yet a conceptual consensus on the term, which sometimes leads researchers to address partial or complementary concepts. The analysis identified constitutive elements of an innovation ecosystem that lead to structuring a framework of organic and dynamic interrelationships that a given organization has with various external organizations, allowing the creation of innovative products in a faster way.
Research limitations/implications
This paper helps scholars and researchers consider a new metatheoretical perspective to analyze dynamics, constitutive elements and multilevels of an innovation ecosystem.
Practical implications
For practitioners, this paper sheds lights on the importance of recognizing a systemic consideration of innovation ecosystems that falls in global relationships, industry dynamics and identification of main global–local actors/enablers to produce innovations internally at a given organization.
Originality/value
The novelty of this paper lies in a more delineated definition and a schematic representation of an innovation ecosystem based on a global–local perspective of product creation and manufacturing and interactions that a given company has, regardless of the geographical location of its dispersed strategic partners.
... Ander thought that the IE is a kind of cooperative arrangement that combines multiple enterprises' products together to customers [3]. Lumoa-aho and Halonen defined the IE as a persistent or temporary system that consists of various innovation organizations interacting, communicating, and promoting innovation in the ecological environment [4]. Zahra and Nambisan considered that IE is a loose but interconnected enterprise network where every enterprise develops in coordination with the help of the innovation platform and depends on each other for the whole's efficiency and survival [5]. ...
Under the constraints of resources and environment, China is eager to cultivate a new industrial system with ecological characteristics in light of local circumstances. This paper selects the innovation ecosystem of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) vehicles in Sichuan, China as the objective of the case study to explore its cultivation and characteristics. The theoretical significance lies in three areas. Firstly, the cultivation path of the CNG vehicle innovation ecosystem is manifested. Secondly, the symbiotic process model among the communities within the CNG vehicle innovation ecosystem is found. Thirdly, the substitutive process model of the CNG vehicle innovation ecosystem is discovered, which reveals the substitutability among innovation ecosystems, the communities of similar products, and the enterprises of similar products. This paper is of theoretical, practical, and political significance for the development of a CNG vehicle innovation ecosystem in emerging markets in terms of regional energy security and emission reduction.
... From the prior researches, it shows that now the informal communication plays an important role in innovation in most organizations especially in R&D organizations. It also relates to the research in the role of communication in innovation ecosystem proposing by Luoma-aho & Halonen[10]. Key findings of the research is there are 8 different functions of communication for innovation and innovativeness which is including informal communication in term of informal conversation. ...
... However, innovation ecosystem is often described in different ways, and thus understanding it remains a challenge. Luomaaho and Halonen [11] defined innovation ecosystem as a permanent or temporary system of interaction and exchange among an ecology of various actors that enable the cross-pollination of ideas and facilitates innovation. Nordfors [13] referred that innovation ecosystems embody technology and information flow between those needed to turn ideas into processes, products or services. ...
Maker education is an important mission of Chinese universities for the entrepreneurship and innovation. However, current maker education failed to meet the makers’ demands for real-time awareness of space, adaptive automatic resources, diverse innovation activities and tools with intelligent support in the makerspace. Therefore, the innovation ecosystem has emerged to be the best choice to solve those problems. This paper first reviews literatures on maker education, and then analyses fundamental principles and elements of the innovation ecosystem. After that, essentials and properties are discussed for innovation ecosystem-oriented maker (IEOM) education. At last, the model of IEOM education is developed, including innovation subject, innovation activity, and smart innovation environment.
... Building on prior research (Adner, 2006;Jackson, 2011;Luoma-aho and Halonen, 2010), in the present study, innovation ecosystem is defined as a long-term or a temporary system formed between various actors and organization whose functional goal is to promote interaction, communication, and ultimately to enable technology development and inspire innovation within the network. Regarding new product development, innovation ecosystem may emphasize more about the cooperative innovation activities to better cope with customer's requests (Adner, 2006;Adner and Kapoor, 2010). ...
Restricted by several institutional and structural constraints, the commercialization of university-based technology is inefficient in China. The present exploratory case study focused on Nuctech, a university spin-off high-tech company.
The researchers observed, studied and analyzed the processes of the Nuctech's business development of the company, the process of the university-based technology transfer, and the establishment of Nuctech's innovation ecosystem. Our study fills in current research gaps by analyzing the “transplant with the soil”(TPS) mechanism in a systematical approach. We summarized the key features, the antecedents, and consequences of TPS mechanism, as well as its roles in transferring university-based technology and establishing a company's innovation ecosystem.
By studying the case in the China context, the present research suggests that TPS mechanism may be particularly relevant and necessary when advanced cross- disciplinary complex technology need to be transferred, when the industry have only limited resources and poor absorptive capacities, when institutional and structural hindrances exist, and when university-industry relationship needs to be facilitated and strengthened toward the establishment of an innovation ecosystem.
... The strength of this interconnectedness and the level of information exchange has been shown to strongly facilitate innovation (Jansen, Van Den Bosch, and Volberda 2006;Luoma--aho and Halonen 2010). Another way these innovation networks have been studied has been through the concept of clusters. ...
Healthcare is undergoing a digital revolution. In Singapore, business-friendly policies, strong information technology capabilities, and a world-class healthcare system seem to provide the necessary ingredients for digital health businesses to thrive. However, the depth of digital health start-up activities still pales in comparison with more mature ecosystems like Boston. Some challenges of the digital health sector include requiring an understanding of a wide set of stakeholders, facilitating cross-disciplinary innovation across patient care and digital technologies, and propagating innovation in hospital environments. The digital health innovation-driven enterprises ecosystem in Singapore is explored through an in-depth analysis of Singapore hospitals as a key stakeholder and an assessment of healthcare hackathons' suitability in addressing the present gaps. A set of recommendations are presented that could help to promote activities conducive to digital healthcare innovation and entrepreneurship in Singapore, which include extending key stakeholders' networks as well as enhancing access to key human resources and mentoring during the early stages of start-up formation.
... That has been discussed in previous research, through concepts such as knowledge acquisition, attention and distribution. Innovation is dependent on connections and without cross-pollination of ideas, constant information flow and multichannel communication, the ecosystem cannot thrive (Luoma-aho & Halonen, 2010). Within an open approach, innovation has been interpreted as a socially constructed process in which social groups continuously negotiate different meanings. ...
This article considers how HEIs engage within local complex development networks in order to develop the urban metropolis, using the case of Chicago as a specific example. The data utilised in the study are based on document analysis and interviews with some 40 representatives of organisations within the Chicago metropolitan area, including regional HEIs. Qualitative content analysis was undertaken in order to determine core themes and discourses, and to build a logical chain of evidence to formulate our conclusions, which offer new thinking about the regional engagement role of HEIs within complex innovation systems. Our focus of analysis was the extent to which an adaptive and creative co-operation network of local triple helix actors had been created. Our study shows that creativity, the sharing of information, and acting and learning together are critical success factors in city development, and in particular in capitalising in the knowledge held by HEIs.
... ,Luoma-aho et al (2010),Russell et al (2011),Zahra e Nambisan (2011). dois não apresentaram contribuições para a construção teórica que se pretendia e foram excluídos da análise. ...
... Penchant for individual innovation has therefore become the key for organization success. We now realize that innovation is a time consuming process and its success is not just based on the outcome of the product, but the capacity to produce new ideas, the ability to innovate, its management, team work, organization's internal receptivity for innovative ideas and overall direction toward innovative culture [Luoma-Aho and Halonen (2010)]. ...
Inculcation of innovation in organizations and the strategies to assess, monitor and promote the same are prevalent. However, individual innovation assessment and a methodology to improve individual innovation are still in their infancy. This paper stresses the importance of individual innovation for the progress of individual and therefore, for the organization and the country. This paper introduces an assessment metric, individual innovation index (I³), to calibrate innovation of an individual. An intervention mechanism for transforming non-performers into performers is elucidated and validated with case studies pertaining to students in the context of education.
... Innovation journalism may contribute to constructing and sustaining a fertile culture of innovativeness by information provision, building reputation, maintaining trust and sharing ideas, thus creating and maintaining social capital (Luoma-aho and Halonen 2010). ...
Most existing innovation system models include culture as a factor; but they do not see it as a variable factor or do not provide the means to influence it. The open system approach is suggested by systems theory as an organizational paradigm to meet the current competitive challenges. It can be applied on the individual level, the organizational level and on the level of the societal system. As innovativeness is a characteristic of culture, culture is a critical constituent of an innovation ecosystem. Innovativeness and culture are emerging qualities of social systems. They cannot be created, but they can be transformed by purposeful action. The principles of the open systems paradigm coincide with values attributed to an innovative culture and can serve as a guiding framework.
El ODS 18, denominado “Comunicación Responsable”, pone de relieve el rol de la comunicación de cara a la sensibilización de la sociedad y el empoderamiento de los individuos como agentes de cambio frente a los principales desafíos globales, lo que supone “poner fin a la pobreza, proteger el planeta y garantizar que todas las personas gocen de paz y prosperidad”. Si bien toda actividad humana depende de la comunicación, llama la atención la ausencia del concepto en la Agenda 2030 en tanto ODS por derecho propio, o como mucho su presencia desde una perspectiva lineal e instrumental que diluye su potencial para la transformación social al circunscribirlo, casi exclusivamente, al derecho a la información y el acceso a ésta, merced la necesaria, pero no suficiente, infraestructura de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC). A partir de una investigación documental, el texto que se presenta a continuación marca distancia con respecto a esta postura, planteando los aportes de las Relaciones Públicas a la “Comunicación Responsable” como base del desarrollo sostenible, apalancado en la interacción y la gestión relacional confiable entre actores, en aras de una visión colectiva de los problemas sociales y sus posibles soluciones innovadoras. A los efectos de la reflexión, se asume como eje la convocatoria abierta el 24 de octubre de 2022 por parte de la Global Alliance for Public Relations and Communication Management, abogando por la inclusión del ODS 18 en la Agenda 2030.
This study investigates the relationship between stock liquidity and firm innovation for publicly traded growing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in China using both innovation input and output. We collected samples of 785 SMEs from China’s Shenzhen Growth Enterprises Market without the financial industry from 2010 to 2020. The empirical findings demonstrate a significant positive relationship between stock liquidity and both innovation input, as measured by R&D investments, and innovation output, as proxied by patenting activities. A series of robustness tests demonstrate the reliability of our results. Increased liquidity enhances SMEs' innovation mainly by alleviating financial constraints, whereas the mediating effect of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) is not apparent at the firm level. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of blockholder ownership on firm innovation is weak. Further analysis reveals that this favorable impact can last for at least four years, with manufacturing SMEs benefiting the most. Our study shows that the innovation abilities of SMEs can be enhanced by improving stock liquidity, which is mainly driven by tackling financial constraints.
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify the best practices and challenges of innovation management in large companies in Brazil. Theoretical framework: This paper draws upon recent literature on open innovation, with particular attention to communication processes and challenges. The research adopts Chesbrough´s open innovation (OI) definition and develops its argument from Mortara and Minshall´s proposal of OI high-level trends (CHESBROUGH; VANHAVERBEKE; WEST, 2006; MORTARA; MINSHAL, 2017). Design/methodology/approach: The researchers conducted qualitative research of eleven interviews with innovation leaders of big multinational companies. The corpus was submitted to a framework analysis, which allowed for identifying 63 emerging themes, structured in a thematic framework that supported the interpretation procedure. Findings: Key findings include the development of five emerging categories of management types, innovation drivers, and communicational dimensions. Research, Practical & Social implications: The research draws attention to the impact of complexification in open innovation strategies, and the need for new models of governance, communicative functions, and innovation drivers. Originality/value: The results support the emerging, but yet scarce, literature on open innovation in Brazil, and identify key challenges and emerging practices among Brazilian managers in large companies.
The trucking industry is experiencing tight competition in Indonesia. The intense competition is contributed by large number of business players in this industry. Trucking companies are part of the service industry, where it is difficult to implement value-added activities for the products they sell. The fourth industrial revolution requires industries to connect their businesses to the internet. Unlike the previous industrial revolution, this industrial revolution requires trucking companies to have different type of capabilities. In this study, the innovative capability is an important factor that must be acquired by trucking companies in order to remain competitive.
This is challenging for trucking companies, because there are still many companies that are unfamiliar with internet-based technology. In this study, there are three main factors that influence the trucking company's innovative capability, technological capability, market orientation, and supplier relationship. This study will examine the impact of these three factors on the company's innovative capability. The impact of the innovative capability is moderated by industry 4.0, where technological developments is important factor in supporting the company's innovative capability to be more competitive, will also be investigated further.
This research is a qualitative and quantitative research, starting with a comprehensive literature review, the above factors are then validated through interviews involving executives from five trucking companies. This study reveals that all indicators obtained from the literature are considered valid and therefore will be used to develop the survey instrument further.
Quantitative research is then carried out by collecting data using a survey method. Data from 423 respondents was obtained from the survey, using a list of trucking companies owned by the ministry of transportation, associations of companies, and other sources. Five hypotheses were developed and tested using partial least squares - structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results of the study indicate that technological capabilities and market orientation have a significant effect on innovative capabilities. However, we did not find the impact of supplier relationships on innovative capabilities. Innovative capabilities significantly affect trucking companies' competitive advantage, but industry 4.0 does not seem to moderate this impact.
Furthermore, we then conducted interviews to assess the maturity level of the innovative capability of 52 trucking companies. The results showed that the maturity level had a wide distribution, starting from the lowest to the highest level, but most of them were at the medium to mature level of maturity. This shows that most companies still have the opportunity to improve their innovative capabilities.
Finally, through action research, this research aims to improve the innovative capability of trucking companies in Indonesia. A series of actions for improvement divided into five stages have been carried out in the period from December 2021 to May 2022. The level of innovative capability is then measured by using a maturity model and compared before and after improvements. The results showed an increase in the company's innovative capability. It is also hoped that this research will contribute to the innovative capability in trucking companies and the development of theory in this field. In addition, these findings are also expected to provide valuable insights for practitioners and trigger for further research.
http://repository.its.ac.id/95858/
Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie Technologietransfer und die von ihm ausgehende Innovationsaktivität von dem regionalspezifischen, umgebenden systemischen Handlungsrahmen im Sinne eines innovation ecosystem abhängig ist. Soll dieses zu einem entrepreneurial ecosystem weiterentwickelt werden, bedarf es bestimmter Strukturen, Prozesse und Akteure, die vor allem die Entstehung von Transferinnovationen anstoßen und befördern können. Ein besonders wichtiger Bereich der Transferinnovationen liegt gerade im ambivalenten Cross-Industry-Kontext, weil dort die Wahrscheinlichkeit radikaler Innovationsvorhaben deutlich höher erscheint, die sich gerade auf der Geschäftsmodellebene auswirken. Allerdings stehen dem dominante Branchenlogiken, blinde Flecken und kognitive Pfadabhängigkeiten stark entgegen. Nicht zu unterschätzen ist das immanente Findungs- und Selektionsproblem von „Transferpartnern“ aus anderen Branchen. Wie solche Barrieren mit gestalterischen, vertrauensschaffenden Maßnahmen überwunden werden können, sollen die entwickelten konzeptionellen Überlegungen aufzeigen, die einerseits dem multidirektionalen Charakter des Wissenstransfers beim Innovationsanstoß Rechnung tragen und andererseits auch für die Handlungspraxis anwendbar sind. An ausgewählten Praxisbeispielen wird die anzustrebende Ko-Kreation von Wissen mehrerer beteiligter Branchen veranschaulicht, die über einen Katalysator-Akteur zusammengebracht werden. Im Zentrum der Bemühungen steht die gesteigerte kreative Rekombination von Wissen.
How high-tech SMEs use innovations as strategic factors in a multilevel context of an innovation ecosystem? Driven by this research question this theoretical essay aimed to establish theoretical relations among innovations, strategy, high-tech SMEs, and innovation ecosystems. We concluded that the reduction of uncertainties of high-tech industries and SMEs can be achieved through the resources exploitation and attraction from a multilevel perspective of innovation, the innovation ecosystem. We developed propositions that inter-relate the themes and identified gaps on the use of innovations as strategy factors by high-tech SMES in an innovation ecosystem metaphor. Future quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods researches are recommended.
As a priority of the Government of Indonesia's economic development, rural areas have been developing innovation which derived from the leading commodities of each region. In the process of developing innovation, rural areas also receive support from various parties in the form of training, facilities and infrastructure. The theory of communication related to innovation has been widely developed by researchers until the emergence of the concept of Innovation Communication. This concept is an interaction between stakeholders in an innovation process. Studies on Innovation Communication have not been widely carried out in rural areas. This study explores the role of innovation communication that can be a lesson for various parties in facing innovation challenges as well as plans for replicating good practices in rural areas. This study was conducted in the Bali Aga area, located in Buleleng Regency, Bali Province, using the constructivism paradigm. The researchers used a qualitative approach and collected data through in-depth interviews as well as field visit observations and report analysis. The results of the study indicate that there are challenges in changing the government structure of Buleleng Regency which have an impact on the commitment to innovation development that has been built by the local community. The researcher finds that the success of innovation development in rural areas is highly dependent on each role played by each stakeholder at the macro, meso, and micro levels. In addition, this study emphasizes the importance of the role of leaders as communication promoter who can encourage collaboration between parties.
Open innovation is a strategic phenomenon that has arisen in corporate life since the beginning of the 21st century. The management of this process involves a communicative dimension that both management and communication scholarship have overlooked over the last twenty years. At the same time, communication management in open innovation processes enacts the strategic nature of the discipline and practice. However, there is scant knowledge and evidence to be found in this discipline, despite the fact that the topic itself calls for deeper exploration of mainly a relational and communicative phenomena. We argue for the promotion of a comprehensive research agenda that entails delving into the theoretical and empirical challenges of the strategic communication discipline in open innovation. Likewise, this article responds to the call for greater interdisciplinary research. Findings include six research gaps, the examination of nine research lines, as it relates to discussion of specific methods/methodologies which would fill those gaps. Moreover, the proposed research pathways map out a starting-point for the future of this growing field of inquiry while also positioning strategic communication as a catalyst discipline and practice that will help to foster open innovation management and research.
James Moore coined the term business ecosystem, where businesses are considered as components of an ecosystem in which they collaborate, satisfying consumers and integrating innovation. A business ecosystem is an economic community supported by a structure of interacting organizations-businesses and individuals producing goods and services for consumers. The business strategy in a regional and local innovation ecosystem faces various challenges, such as a possible conflict with the great forces of the ecosystem and the creation of a healthy partnership for the development of new products-services. The business strategy developed in these ecosystems takes the form of new companies that use technological change to introduce new products or new business models through new competitive scenarios and the reciprocal relationships developed in this context. However, most businesses, especially in remote and underdeveloped regional and local business ecosystems, are facing many challenges; as such they require a different support framework for their innovation system. This system should work a way that it will enable organizations to develop their innovations based on their business partnerships, being able at the same time to balance their cognitive asymmetries. In the present research study, through the literature review of scientific research in the field of regional innovation systems and less developed business ecosystems, the central analytical dimensions and strategies (Stra.Tech. Man innovation theory) are identified and analyzed to determine how they could contribute to achieve effective business innovation and long-term stable growth and development.
The KT paradigm is a useful approach analysing universities and their role in the national innovation systems. However, applying the KT lens requires careful interpretation of universities activities and well designed and targeted STI policy intervention meeting the requirements. Among them is ‘Freedom of Science/Research and Teaching’ as a key factor which is often referred to in case of changing universities missions and reorganizing activities. KT and related themes are often narrowly focused on the interaction of universities with commercial partners neglecting the social impact and the training/education impact resulting from universities’ activities. KT-related awareness is an issue which requires changing mindsets of university employees in order to leverage the doubtless existing potentials and achieve visible impact. Frequently quoted university examples who are considered as good or best practice demonstrate a long-lasting history in occupying their respective place in within the KT. KT is mostly related to the research activities and to some extend to executive education by universities. These are valuable assets but it neglects the educational track, which is also relevant to KT awareness. It seems plausible that university students during their educational track also enjoy KT-related educational measures from the very early beginning as central to the respective curriculum regardless of the actual study subject.
In knowledge-based economies, long-term wealth generation depends not only on human capital and research separately but also on the complementarity between research and human capital in the creation of innovation and the feedback effects of innovation into the economy. The interaction between education, research and innovation has gained prominence with the “Knowledge Triangle” concept. In this chapter, we present an explorative study of knowledge triangles of research-education-innovation within Dutch entrepreneurial ecosystems. Knowledge triangles do not evolve in a vacuum but are part of a broader set of interdependent actors and factors that, if coordinated in an adequate way, enable entrepreneurship within a particular territory. We focus on the role of regional governance (i.e. networks and leadership) in the knowledge triangle and the entrepreneurial ecosystem more broadly. This is reflected in the main question addressed in this chapter: How is the interaction between research [knowledge] and education [talent] coordinated [by networks and leadership] to promote entrepreneurship in regional ecosystems in the Netherlands?
Researchers tend to rely on metaphors to gain initial comprehension of complex systems. However, literature offers little guidance for this strategy. This paper presents criteria for using metaphors responsibly in this arena by applying them to evaluate ecological metaphors related to innovation systems. We develop the idea of innovation ecotone as the boundary between the knowledge ecosystem and the business ecosystem. We demonstrate why this ecotone better meets the criteria for a valuable metaphor for understanding innovation systems than the "innovation ecosystem" metaphor. This novel approach resolves many ambiguities and provides new implications for policymakers, particularly regarding the nature of innovation policy agencies.
How high-tech SMEs use innovations as strategic factors in a multilevel context of an innovation ecosystem? Driven by this research question, this theoretical essay aimed to establish theoretical relations among innovations, strategy, high-tech SMEs, and innovation ecosystems. We concluded that the reduction of uncertainties of high-tech industries and SMEs can be achieved through the resources exploitation and attraction from a multilevel perspective of innovation, the innovation ecosystem. We developed propositions that interrelate the themes and identified gaps on the use of innovations as strategy factors by high-tech SMES in an innovation ecosystem metaphor. Future quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods researches are recommended.
This article describes how the era of hyper-connectivity is characterized by distributed, crowd-centric ecosystems that utilise cutting edge technology so as to harness the collective power, co-creation ability and intelligence of the crowd utilising under open participatory value creation models. The Internet of Things (IoT) has fueled the emergence of such ecosystems that leverage not only the power of physical things connected to the Internet but also the wisdom of the crowd to observe, measure, and make sense of phenomena via user-owned mobile and wearable devices. Existing business modelling literature has to date, placed no research attention on business models for such emerging ecosystems. This article aims to fill this gap by examining the dynamics of crowd-driven IoT ecosystems and introducing a business model framework for such environments, encompassing all relevant value-creating actors, activities and processes, facilitating this way a holistic ecosystem business model analysis.
This article describes how the era of hyper-connectivity is characterized by distributed, crowd-centric ecosystems that utilise cutting edge technology so as to harness the collective power, co-creation ability and intelligence of the crowd utilising under open participatory value creation models. The Internet of Things (IoT) has fueled the emergence of such ecosystems that leverage not only the power of physical things connected to the Internet but also the wisdom of the crowd to observe, measure, and make sense of phenomena via user-owned mobile and wearable devices. Existing business modelling literature has to date, placed no research attention on business models for such emerging ecosystems. This article aims to fill this gap by examining the dynamics of crowd-driven IoT ecosystems and introducing a business model framework for such environments, encompassing all relevant value-creating actors, activities and processes, facilitating this way a holistic ecosystem business model analysis.
This article describes how the era of hyper-connectivity is characterized by distributed, crowd-centric ecosystems that utilise cutting edge technology so as to harness the collective power, co-creation ability and intelligence of the crowd utilising under open participatory value creation models. The Internet of Things (IoT) has fueled the emergence of such ecosystems that leverage not only the power of physical things connected to the Internet but also the wisdom of the crowd to observe, measure, and make sense of phenomena via user-owned mobile and wearable devices. Existing business modelling literature has to date, placed no research attention on business models for such emerging ecosystems. This article aims to fill this gap by examining the dynamics of crowd-driven IoT ecosystems and introducing a business model framework for such environments, encompassing all relevant value-creating actors, activities and processes, facilitating this way a holistic ecosystem business model analysis.
In the 1990s, companies used to concentrate their efforts searching for greater quality in their products and services, and higher productivity in their processes. In the last decade, organizations have been focusing their efforts in the creative development of products, services and business as the basis for innovation. In this approach, this study aims to present the factors that contribute to the development of collective creativity in organizations, given that creativity is a factor that promotes innovation. For this, was made a literature review about collective creativity in database Capes. Before exploratory analysis there were obtained 85 papers. A detailed analysis of the papers shows that there are indications of factors that influence positively the development of collective creativity in organizations such as: management practices based on trust, interaction of culture and mutual inspiration, cooperation capacity in solving tasks, psychological safety, multiculturalism, psychological diversity, multidisciplinarity, specific professionals for organizational creativity's promotion, flexible and efficient sectorial relations and organizational memory. For future researches, it is indicated the use of a quantitative approach in order to verify the real impacts of factors positively associated with collective creativity exposed in this research.
Innovación colaborativa abierta y comunicación digital en las empresas. Un análisis desde culturas latinoamericanas. Resumen. Las realidades empresariales actuales, inmersas en un mundo completamente globalizado han obligado a las organizaciones a fomentar, establecer y gestionar adecuadamente procesos de innovación, teniendo en cuenta tanto los elementos internos como aquellos presentes en sus entornos. En este contexto, se asume a la comunicación como la fuerza principal que impulsa la innovación, porque permite hallar soluciones sostenibles y hace posible responder a las necesidades de los mercados y las sociedades. Así, se entiende la innovación como un factor dinamizador de la competitividad en las organizaciones y promotor del crecimiento de los países. Como se presenta en esta investigación, las empresas e instituciones más abiertas a innovar son aquellas que se apoyan en culturas organizativas que benefician actitudes y capacidades particulares como la flexibilidad, la creatividad, la autonomía y la apertura al entorno; están dirigidas por líderes que propician transformaciones significativas en sus equipos de trabajo e integradas por empleados que desarrollan sus ideas en un ambiente caracterizado por la pertenencia a redes sociales que trascienden las que han sido reconocidas como propias desde ámbito interno de la organización. Estas culturas organizativas se presentan como fenómenos complejos, que son dependientes de las tradiciones y costumbres culturales propias de los países que alojan a las organizaciones y su capacidad para comunicarse e integrarse a elementos culturales foráneos. De modo paralelo, los estudios sobre innovación colaborativa abierta señalan que las entidades que generan mejores ideas son las que se acercan a los problemas desde diferentes ángulos, lo que pueden conseguir de las relaciones que establecen con contactos externos, porque las nuevas ideas surgen de conversaciones a partir de las cuales se intercambia conocimiento. Esto nos lleva a preguntarnos desde tres frentes: cultural, de innovación y de comunicación mediada por TIC, ¿Cómo están definidas las culturas organizativas de las empresas, partiendo desde patrones culturales nacionales y su capacidad de establecer relaciones interculturales?, ¿Cuál es el rol de la comunicación en los procesos de relación con los stakeholders en programas de innovación colaborativa abierta? y ¿Cuál es la orientación que se está dando a los medios sociales en los procesos de comunicación interna y externa en las empresas?, para, a partir de estas respuestas, lograr determinar las claves de la relación entre la cultura, la innovación y la comunicación en empresas de Colombia, Perú, Chile, y Brasil, para hallar el modo, los principios y los procedimientos que ayudan a favorecer la innovación desde el establecimiento y la gestión de relaciones de colaboración con los grupos de interés. En esta ponencia se presentarán los planteamientos teórico-metodológicos propuestos para lograr responder estos interrogantes y avances en el pilotaje de los mismos.
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is twofold: to quantify the communication of organizational innovativeness (OI) on a large scale; and to examine the relationship of communicating OI and the corresponding investments in research and development (R & D) of multinational corporations (MNCs).
Design/methodology/approach
– In total, 3,043 annual reports from 326 MNCs are examined utilizing quantitative content analysis, which focusses on fixed selected terminologies, in the years 1998-2008.
Findings
– Scholars assume that the capacity for OI is becoming the single most important task in organizational survival. Even though in the sample the investments in R & D are not increasing, even slightly declining, the communication of OI is increasing. Using mixed-effects regression analysis, the findings indicate that the corporations that are investing in R & D are also communicating these efforts correspondingly.
Practical implications
– This is the first study that measures the communication of OI using quantitative content analysis.
Originality/value
– The results indicate that not only do the communication efforts of an organization’s OI have a perceived increasing importance. They also suggest that OI itself has become more important for organizations from a strategic point of view.
The paper touches upon the different sides of cutting-edge science, technology and innovation (STI) policy concepts such as clusters and smart specialization and STI management such as open innovation and foresight which are of great interest to researches, scientists and managers in course of building successful business and creating dynamic regions, identifying the priorities of future, coping with uncertainty and rising risks, heated by the global challenges. In particular, we explore the dynamics and interactions of intelligent clusters, research and innovation smart specialization strategies, targeted open innovation and foresight networks within the context of entrepreneurship and innovation ecosystems. Having investigated the benefits and potential threats of open innovation and foresight from different standpoints within innovation ecosystems and smart specialisation, the recent trend of shifting priority setting into technological and social dimensions with the aim of developing specialized clusters and regions is underlined. The identified tight linkage between the fruits from cluster smart specialization, open innovation and foresight enables implementing simultaneously all of them at various stages of innovation process. Thereafter the analysis of innovative collaboration forms reveals that the holistic views of open innovators and rational application of foresight are becoming the central message of the strategy development and implementation process.
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Full text of this book also free available via
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We argue that citizenship programs are strategic investments comparable to R&D and advertising. They can create intangible assets that help companies overcome nationalistic barriers, facilitate globalization, and outcompete local rivals. Program content selection reflects a balance between legitimation and differentiation, and choices are influenced both by local institutional environments that shape expectations of corporate commitment to citizenship and by the degree of customization required because of institutional distance. Citizenship profiles therefore enable the sociocognitive integration that global companies require to operate effectively across diverse local markets.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to suggest that corporate communications is becoming less predictable as interaction with stakeholders is moving from organizational control toward “issue arenas”, places of interaction where an issue is discussed by stakeholders and organizations both online and within the traditional media. The role of corporate communications and public relations (PR) is broadening beyond the traditional relationship management to issue arena monitoring.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper takes a theoretical approach with six axioms suggested.
Findings
Several central theories of corporate communications are combined with issues management and stakeholder theory to argue for a multiplicity of new “issue arenas”, which require an increased amount of monitoring. Six axioms are suggested for future research on corporate communications, and a mosaic of multiple strategies for multiple publics moved by multiple issues is recommended.
Research limitations/implications
The axioms suggested require empirical testing with different arenas across contexts and cultures, and the axioms may change over time as the virtual arenas expand. Future studies should focus on the process of arena formation as well as the division of voice on the arenas.
Practical implications
Monitoring becomes central as corporate communication is less controllable. Corporate communication and PR will play a key role in organizational survival in the future through the processes of finding the right issues and “issue arenas” for interaction, facilitating the organization‐public debate and through this managing organizational reputation. A change in thinking is required, as identifying issues should precede identifying stakeholders.
Originality/value
The paper argues that organizational survival depends not only on communicating with the right stakeholders, but also on finding the relevant issue arenas in which organizations should participate in discussion.
Purpose
There are several strands that cope with particular intangible resources, such as intangible assets, intellectual, human, and organisational capital, data and information, knowledge and capabilities. However, until now there have been no attempts to define and identify all intangible resources systematically in one framework. The purpose of this paper is to show how an exhaustive and exclusive categorial system of all intangible resources can be generated.
Design/methodology/approach
Following the idea of comparative analyses by grounded theory, it will be referred to relevant approaches which can be defined in academic literature. It is investigated how types of intangible resources, that share common attributes, can be grouped together, which categories emerge, and how these categories can be defined. This gradually leads to the creation of the whole categorial system based on empirical inductionism. At the same time, the categorial system is created based on logical deductionism. Having defined intangible resources as the objects of reasoning and by which leading principles will be looked at, the class of intangible resources will be broken down into categories or sub‐classes with the help of precisely formulated attributes.
Findings
Generation of a comprehensive, consistent, and complete categorial system of all possible types of intangible assets.
Research limitations/implications
Solely a theoretical paper. Although empirical examples are provided it might be interesting to demonstrate the application of this categorial system.
Practical implications
With such a categorial system we are in the position to identify and locate the uncountable number of “real world” types of intangible resources more precisely and efficiently.
Originality/value
With such an attempt it may become clearer how to cope with different types of intangible resources, how to gather, create, use, share and develop them more appropriately.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effects of the dimensions of organisational trust on organisational innovativeness in a relatively large survey sample of the information and communication technology (ICT) and paper and pulp industries in Finland.
Design/methodology/approach
Organisational trust is deemed to consist of both interpersonal and impersonal types of trust. The empirical part of the study shows the relationship between various types of trust and dimensions of organisational innovativeness. Quantitative empirical analysis is based on a survey of 40 organisational units and 214 respondents within the ICT and paper and pulp industries.
Findings
The impact of different types of organisational trust on dimensions of organisational innovativeness was analyzed. The results imply that the impersonal form in particular, namely institutional trust, has an important role in determining organisational innovativeness.
Research implications
This study contributes both to the literature on organisational innovativeness, as well as to the emerging theory on trust, in its approach to trust as not only an interpersonal issue, but also as something with impersonal aspects.
Practical implications
It is suggested that managers should pay special attention to impersonal forms of trust, i.e. to the institutional dimension of organisational trust. Above all, institutional trust and its development could be seen as a strategic question for companies.
Originality/value
This study makes a significant theoretical contribution by examining the linkages between various dimensions of organisational trust and organisational innovativeness, which have previously been studied only to a very minor extent. It thus provides a richer understanding of the relationship between organisational trust and innovativeness.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop further a theoretical framework of common understanding and explore the role of common understanding in coordination.
Design/methodology/approach
A constructive action research approach was employed applying abductive reasoning to develop new models with practical relevance.
Findings
A new framework of the elements of common understanding and a new theory of communication as a mechanism for coordination.
Research limitations/implications
As a longitudinal case study and part of a multiple case‐study, the findings are generalized to theory which should be further developed.
Practical implications
Presents a framework for developing shared meanings to achieve better coordination in collaborative service provisioning.
Originality/value
Presents a new model of common understanding, a refined approach to coordination.
In this paper, we develop a practice-based conceptualization of corporate communications. We review prior theoretical and empirical work on communications management and draw upon a set of case studies of European firms (Nokia, Shell, Siemens and Philips) to circumscribe and conceptualize the issues and activities that define corporate communications as an area of practice. A central contribution that emerged from our review and conceptualization is that the dimensions (structure, activities and consumption of activities, professionals, political and cultural context) of this area of practice are interrelated through two processes: strategic positioning and cultural accommodation. We discuss these two fundamental processes in corporate communications and the implications for theory, practice, and research.Corporate Reputation Review (2006) 9, 114-133. doi:10.1057/palgrave.crr.1550015
Stakeholder relations that are available through networks of various sorts are one benefit from social capital. According to the stakeholder approach to organisations, those relationships that contain most of the important attributes - such as power, legitimacy, frequency of contact and urgency - hypothetically dominate the business environment. This has caused modern corporations to view chiefly the dominant stakeholders as important. This study tests the importance of these attributes in early modern international trade; in other words, which attributes played a major role in the relations between Finnish tradesmen and their foreign contacts? The archives of two major Finnish trading houses from 1781 to 1852 provide sources for studying these stakeholder relations. The results of the study seem to confirm the importance of legitimacy and power in stakeholder relations, but they particularly emphasise the significance of frequency and urgency. Furthermore, dealings repeated over time between the parties created a resource dependency, thus further underlining frequency and power as important stakeholder attributes.
In choosing and displaying news, editors, newsroom staff, and broadcasters play an important part in shaping political reality. Readers learn not only about a given issue, but also how much importance to attach to that issue from the amount of information in a news story and its position. In reflecting what candidates are saying during a campaign, the mass media may well determine the important issues--that is, the media may set the "agenda." of the campaign.
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between innovativeness, quality, growth, profitability, and market value at the firm level. Building on concepts from a resource-based view of a firm and organizational learning, innovation and quality literature, we propose the innovativeness-quality-performance model, which describes how a firm 's capability to balance innovativeness with quality drives growth and profitability, and in turn drives superior market value. Results of structural equation models indicate that (1) innovativeness mediates the relationship between quality and growth, (2) quality mediates the relationship between innovativeness and profitability, (3) both innovativeness and quality have mediation effects on market value, and (4) both growth and profitability have mediation effects on market value. Implications for theories and practices are discussed.
What has made Silicon Valley so productive of new technologies and new firms? How did its pioneering achievements beginâin computer networking, semiconductors, personal computing, and the Internetâand what forces have propelled its unprecedented growth? This collection of nine chapters by contributors from varied disciplinesâbusiness, geography, history, regional planning, and sociologyâexamines the history, development, and entrepreneurial dynamics of Silicon Valley. Part I, âHistory,â provides context for the Valleyâs success by exploring its early industrial roots. It traces the development of the electronics industry in Silicon Valley back to the founding of Federal Telegraph in 1908, and discusses the role of defense spending and the relationship with Stanford University in the regionâs growth. Part II, âInstitutions,â emphasizes the importance of supporting institutions and practices in helping Valley startups succeed. Four chapters explore the role of law firms in facilitating the formation of new companies, the evolution of the venture capital industry and its role in funding new firms, the importance of labor mobility, and the significance of close interfirm relationships in the success of Silicon Valley companies. Part III, âGeneral Explanations,â presents three different perspectives on the environment that has made Silicon Valley so successful. The first chapter considers Silicon Valley as an ecosystem of interacting institutions, individuals, and a culture that encourages and nurtures entrepreneurship. The second chapter argues that Silicon Valley should not be seen as a region in which relationships are based on civic virtue, but rather one in which trust is based on performance, which makes it uniquely permeable to new ideas and talented individuals. The final chapter contends that institutions specializing in new firm formation are responsible for Silicon Valley's unique ability to foster technological advances.
Scholars of the theory of the firm have begun to emphasize the sources and conditions of what has been described as “the organizational advantage,” rather than focus on the causes and consequences of market failure. Typically, researchers see such organizational advantage as accruing from the particular capabilities organizations have for creating and sharing knowledge. In this article we seek to contribute to this body of work by developing the following arguments: (1) social capital facilitates the creation of new intellectual capital; (2) organizations, as institutional settings, are conducive to the development of high levels of social capital; and (3) it is because of their more dense social capital that firms, within certain limits, have an advantage over markets in creating and sharing intellectual capital. We present a model that incorporates this overall argument in the form of a series of hypothesized relationships between different dimensions of social capital and the main mechanisms and processes necessary for the creation of intellectual capital.
This paper re-examines the commonly observed inverse relationship between per- ceived risk and perceived benefit. We propose that this relationship occurs because people rely on aÄect when judging the risk and benefit of specific hazards. Evidence supporting this proposal is obtained in two experimental studies. Study 1 investigated the inverse relationship between risk and benefit judgments under a time-pressure condition designed to limit the use of analytic thought and enhance the reliance on aÄect. As expected, the inverse relationship was strengthened when time pressure was introduced. Study 2 tested and confirmed the hypothesis that providing information designed to alter the favorability of one's overall aÄective evaluation of an item (say nuclear power) would systematically change the risk and benefit judgments for that item. Both studies suggest that people seem prone to using an 'aÄect heuristic' which improves judgmental eÅciency by deriving both risk and benefit evaluations from a common source — aÄective reactions to the stimulus item. Copyright # 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Getting an innovation adopted is difficult; a common problem is increasing the rate of its diffusion. Diffusion is the communication of an innovation through certain channels over time among members of a social system. It is a communication whose messages are concerned with new ideas; it is a process where participants create and share information to achieve a mutual understanding. Initial chapters of the book discuss the history of diffusion research, some major criticisms of diffusion research, and the meta-research procedures used in the book. This text is the third edition of this well-respected work. The first edition was published in 1962, and the fifth edition in 2003. The book's theoretical framework relies on the concepts of information and uncertainty. Uncertainty is the degree to which alternatives are perceived with respect to an event and the relative probabilities of these alternatives; uncertainty implies a lack of predictability and motivates an individual to seek information. A technological innovation embodies information, thus reducing uncertainty. Information affects uncertainty in a situation where a choice exists among alternatives; information about a technological innovation can be software information or innovation-evaluation information. An innovation is an idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or an other unit of adoption; innovation presents an individual or organization with a new alternative(s) or new means of solving problems. Whether new alternatives are superior is not precisely known by problem solvers. Thus people seek new information. Information about new ideas is exchanged through a process of convergence involving interpersonal networks. Thus, diffusion of innovations is a social process that communicates perceived information about a new idea; it produces an alteration in the structure and function of a social system, producing social consequences. Diffusion has four elements: (1) an innovation that is perceived as new, (2) communication channels, (3) time, and (4) a social system (members jointly solving to accomplish a common goal). Diffusion systems can be centralized or decentralized. The innovation-development process has five steps passing from recognition of a need, through R&D, commercialization, diffusions and adoption, to consequences. Time enters the diffusion process in three ways: (1) innovation-decision process, (2) innovativeness, and (3) rate of the innovation's adoption. The innovation-decision process is an information-seeking and information-processing activity that motivates an individual to reduce uncertainty about the (dis)advantages of the innovation. There are five steps in the process: (1) knowledge for an adoption/rejection/implementation decision; (2) persuasion to form an attitude, (3) decision, (4) implementation, and (5) confirmation (reinforcement or rejection). Innovations can also be re-invented (changed or modified) by the user. The innovation-decision period is the time required to pass through the innovation-decision process. Rates of adoption of an innovation depend on (and can be predicted by) how its characteristics are perceived in terms of relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability. The diffusion effect is the increasing, cumulative pressure from interpersonal networks to adopt (or reject) an innovation. Overadoption is an innovation's adoption when experts suggest its rejection. Diffusion networks convey innovation-evaluation information to decrease uncertainty about an idea's use. The heart of the diffusion process is the modeling and imitation by potential adopters of their network partners who have adopted already. Change agents influence innovation decisions in a direction deemed desirable. Opinion leadership is the degree individuals influence others' attitudes
Wealth and growth in today's economy are primarily driven by intangible (intellectual) assets. Physical and financial assets are rapidly becoming commodities, while abnormal profits, dominant competitive positions, and sometimes even temporary monopolies are achieved by the sound deployment of intangibles, along with other types of assets. This book advances the intangible (intellectual, knowledge) assets literature in four key dimensions: It lays the foundation for the economics of intangibles, balancing the value drivers (scalability, increasing returns, network effects) against the value detractors (nonexcludability, inherent risk and nonmarketability). The discussion proceeds to survey and analyze the voluminous evidence in the economic, organization, finance and accounting literature on the attributes of intangibles and their impact on corporate performance and market value. The discussion then turns to information issues, particularly to the deficient reporting on intangible investments by the accounting system, adversely affecting both managers' and investors' decisions. Extensive evidence of private and social harms associated with the reporting on intangibles is presented. Finally, a comprehensive proposal for a new information system reporting on the firm's value chain, with particular focus on intangibles, is advanced. The book will be published in 2001 by the Bookings Institution, but an early version can be downloaded from my website: baruch-lev.com
Computer systems firms in Silicon Valley are responding to rising costs of product development, shorter product cycles and rapid technological change by focusing and building partnerships with suppliers, both within and outside of the region. Well-known firms like Hewlett-Packard and Apple Computers and lesser known ones like Silicon Graphics and Pyramid Technology are organized to combine the components and sub-systems made by specialist suppliers into new computer systems. As these firms collaborate to both define and manufacture new systems, they are institutionalizing their capacity to learn from one another. Three cases a contract manufacturer, a silicon foundry, and the joint development of a microprocessor - illustrate how inter-firm networks help account for the sustained technological dynamism of the regional economy.
In Social Capital, Nan Lin explains the importance of using social connections and social relations in achieving goals. Social capital, or resources accessed through such connections and relations, is critical (along with human capital, or what a person or organization actually possesses) to individuals, social groups, organizations, and communities in obtaining their objectives. This book places social capital in the family of capital theories (the classical and neo-capital theories), articulates its elements and propositions, presents research programs, findings, and agenda, and theorizes its significance in various moments of interactions between individual actions and social structure (for example, the primordial groups, social exchanges, organizations, institutional transformations and cybernetworks). Nan Lin eloquently introduces a groundbreaking theory that forcefully argues and shows why it is 'who you know', as well as 'what you know' that makes a difference in life and society.
Measuring the value of intangible assets such as company culture, knowledge management systems, and employees' skills is the holy grail of accounting. Executives know that these intangibles, being hard to imitate, are powerful sources of sustainable competitive advantage. If managers could measure them, they could manage the company's competitive position more easily and accurately. In one sense, the challenge is impossible. Intangible assets are unlike financial and physical resources in that their value depends on how well they serve the organizations that own them. But while this prevents an independent valuation of intangible assets, it also points to an altogether different approach for assessing their worth. In this article, the creators of the Balanced Scorecard draw on its tools and framework--in particular, a tool called the strategy map--to present a step-by-step way to determine "strategic readiness," which refers to the alignment of an organization's human, information, and organization capital with its strategy. In the method the authors describe, the firm identifies the processes most critical to creating and delivering its value proposition and determines the human, information, and organization capital the processes require. Some managers shy away from measuring intangible assets because they seem so subjective. But by using the systematic approaches set out in this article, companies can now measure what they want, rather than wanting only what they can currently measure.
Intangible Assets: Measuring and Enhancing Their Contribution to Corporate Value and Economic Growth: Summary of a Workshop
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The Forms of Capital. Teoksessa Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Eduvation. Richardson
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Sociology of Eduvation. Richardson, J. G. (toim.), 241-258. USA: Greenwood Press.
Organizational identity
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Organizational Environments and Organizational Information Processing
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Kestävä Innovointi. Innovaatiopolitiikka uusien haasteiden edessä (In Finnish: Sustainable Innovation. The innovation policy facing new challenges
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Viestintä, maine ja organisaation sosiaalinen pääoma. (Communication, reputation and organisational social capital)
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reputation and organisational social capital)." In Sosiaalisen pääoman kentät (Fields of Social
Capital), edited by Pertti Jokivuori. Jyväskylä: Minerva, pp. 393-413.