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Antioxidant activity of Tribulus terrestris—a natural product in infertility therapy
Abstract and Figures
Antioxidant potential of Tribulus terrestris L. herbal preparations was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) di-ammonium salt (ABTS) free radicals, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation by ferric thiocyanate method (FTC). In addition, the quantification of total polyphenols and flavonoids was determinate using Folin-Chiocalteu reagent and AlCl3, respectively. BHT was used as positive control. The obtained results demonstrated that T. terrestris preparations possess a significant antioxidant activity. IC 50 for DPPH and ABTS activity varied from 2.84 mg mL-1 to 4.56 mg mL-1 and from 0.28 mg mL-1 to 0.31 mg mL-1, respectively. All tested samples demonstrated stronger FRAP activity compared to BHT (2.29 μg TE ± 0.04 μg TE) and inhibit lipid peroxidation in linoleic acid system. The amount of total polyphenols ranged from 2.73 % ± 0.007 % to 3.17 % ± 0.008 %, whereas quantity of total flavonoids varied from 0.36 % ± 0.004 % to 0.58 % ± 0.01 %. All tested products demonstrated high antioxidant activity and inhibited lipid peroxidation. Therefore this investigation is useful for clarifying of pharmacological activity of T. terrestris and present new benefit of this plant in infertility therapy.
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... Apart from this 14,15,16 many of ingredients of Majoon Salab possess antioxidant activity. By virtue of these 17,18 antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties test drug is found effective in improving sperm motility. 17,18 Second compound drug Jauhar Khussiya is composed of dried powder of goat testicle. ...
... By virtue of these 17,18 antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties test drug is found effective in improving sperm motility. 17,18 Second compound drug Jauhar Khussiya is composed of dried powder of goat testicle. It has properties like Muwallide mani and Muqawwie 12 bah. ...
... Dietary herbal supplements have become popular among consumers, especially athletes, as a way of naturally improving endurance and strength performance or addressing their nutritional deficits. They primarily contain substances that are commonly found in the diet, such as vitamins, minerals, plants, amino acids, and other compounds or their derivatives [1,2], and are free from banned substances [3]. Nutritional status is one of the most important determinants of exercise performance [4], and dietary supplements can help provide essential nutrients, enhance weight gain, or improve athlete appearance and muscle building [5]. ...
... Supplements associated with sports performance are easily accessible for athletes, and their use has increased in recent years [1,2,32]. It is estimated that 40-100% of athletes consume dietary supplements (depending on the definition of supplement, the sport type, and the competition level) to improve their athletic performance or health, rebalance nutritional deficiencies, and/or accelerate recovery [33]. ...
Dietary supplements are commonly used among athletes, and the Internet may be an easy source of these products. Tribulus terrestris is an herbal supplement with multiple properties. Of interest to athletes are reports that its consumption can lead to muscle mass gain and a faster recovery process. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the availability of Tribulus terrestris via the Internet in six countries (Canada, Puerto Rico, Russia, Spain, Ukraine, and the United States of America) via a specifically designed computer program. The characteristics of the websites selling this substance, the country from which it can be purchased, the route of administration, and recommendations for its use were analyzed. The results of the study show that this supplement is marketed mainly in Russia, Ukraine, and Spain on many websites that are mostly dedicated to sports products. Just over half of the webpages (59.14%) identified only distribute this supplement within the same country. The main claims for its consumption refer to sports performance benefits, but there are also claims that it may improve male hormone levels and sexual function. Athletes should be encouraged to seek professional advice prior to ingesting this supplement to ensure that it is suitable for their specific training and sports objectives.
... From histological microscopic examination Tribulus terrestris extract impose beneficial effect on number of leydig cells and increase in Leydig cells initiate synthesis of testosterone, increases spermatogenic activities which corresponds to reduction in sperm abnormalities (Hemlatha and Hari, 2015). Fruit extract of Tribulus terrestris contain flavonoids, which possess free radicals scavenging properties, ultimately prevent damage to sperm cells and thus may produces protective effect on spermatozoa (Zheleva et al., 2012). ...
Absract The study was undertaken to evaluate effect of Tribulus terrestris hydroethanolic fruit extract on subacute acephate induced reproductive toxicity in male Wistar rats. Thirty rats were divided into five groups, group I control, group II received acephate @ 75mg/kg for 15 days with 15 days withdrawal period, group III received acephate @ 75 mg/kg for 30 days, group IV received acephate @ 75mg/kg for 15 days, then Tribulus terrestris fruit extract (TTFE) was administered @100 mg/kg for next 15 days and group V received acephate @ 75 mg/kg + TTFE @100 mg/kg for 30 days. In biochemical findings, group II and III revealed significant (P<0.05) increase in ALT, AST, creatinine and BUN values as compared to control. The highly significant (P<0.05) reductions in relative weight of accessory sex glands was observed in group II and III rats. However, group IV and V rats showed retrieval of mean relative weight of accessory sex gland towards normalcy. Decreased in serum testosterone, live spermatozoa count, sperm motility, increase in dead spermatozoa count and sperm abnormalities were observed in group II and III as compared to group IV, V and control. Acephate produces deleterious effect on biochemical and reproductive parameters which were ameliorated with hydroethanolic fruit extract of Tribulus terrestris.
... Pedicles 1.2-2 cm long, slender, hairy; Sepals 6 mm lanceolate, acute, hairy: Petals 1 cm long, oblongobovate, claw short, hairy; Ovary bristly, style short, stigmatic lobes longer than the diameter of style [19].The ovary is divided into locules that are in turn divided by 'false septa [6].The flower is attached to an annular disc, which is lobed [21].The flower consists of ten stamens and an ovary that has five cells. There are about three or four ovules in each cell [20]. ...
Background: For 80% of the world's population, traditional medicine remains the main form of health care. Ayurveda uses TT, also called gokharu, for its anti-inflammatory, aphrodisiac and diuretic effects. It is found in tropical climates and grows well in dry, sandy soils. Although it is widely used, more research is needed to minimize toxicological risks and demonstrate its full therapeutic potential. Objective: The primary objective is Evaluating how well Tribulus Terrestris extract relieves sexual dysfunction, such as erectile dysfunction and female sexual arousal disorders, was the main goal. The study additionally aimed to evaluate the effect of Tribulus Terrestris extract on quality of life, which includes social, psychological, and physical well-being.
... terrestris) exhibited strong free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity compared to the control. 24 Chemical profiling of T. terrestris revealed that the presence of di-p-coumaroylquinic acid derivatives could be the reason for potent anti-oxidant activity which was studied through DPPH assay. 25 Our study results ( Figure 4) showed the presence of significant amount of phenolic content (56.39 ± 4.07 mg/g gallic acid equivalents) and flavonoids (69.11 ± 5.31 mg/g quercetin equivalents) could also contributed to the anti-oxidant activity of this formulation. ...
Introduction: The branch of traditional medicine constitutes Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homeopathy. The knowledge of these traditional systems of medicine with the perspective of safety, efficacy, and quality will helps to the traditional legacy and also to rationalize the use of natural products in healthcare as well. Aim and Objective: The aim and objective of this study was to evaluate an in vitro antioxidant activity and quantification of phytochemicals of polyherbal drug, Gokshuradi churna (G. churna). Methods: An aqueous extract of G. churna of 10mg/mL concentration was used for the estimations of total phenols, flavanoids, saponins and tannins. Free radical scavenging activity in terms of DPPH, superoxide and nitric oxide scavenging activity of G. churna was carried out by the standard methods. Results: In this study the phytoconstituents such as flavonoids (69.11±5.31 mg/g quercetin equivalent), phenols (56.39±4.07 mg/g gallic acid equivalent), saponin (73.43 ± 3.41 mg/g diosgenin equivalent) and tannin (58.11±1.41 mg/g tannic acid equivalent) were noticed in G. churna. Among which saponin and flavonoids showed highest content of 73.43 mg/g and 69.11 mg/g respectively in G. churna. An antioxidant activity was evaluated by determining the DPPH radical scavenging concentration (IC50: 79.47 μg/mL; Standard IC50: 59.84 μg/mL), superoxide radical concentration (IC50: 125.12 μg/mL; Standard IC50: 91.57 μg/mL) and nitric oxide radical concentration (IC50: 244.85 μg/mL; Standard IC50: 264.41 μg/mL) under in vitro conditions. Conclusion: The present study established that the drug showed an effective IC50 concentration for nitric oxide radical scavenging activity. It also scavenges DPPH and superoxide radical scavenging activity. The antioxidant activity of the drug may be due to the polyherbal ingredients present in it. The antioxidant activity in terms of scavenging nitric oxide radical was significantly higher than the standard ascorbic acid and also its activity was concentration-dependent.
... it has been regarded as an aphrodisiac due to its beneficial claims on many diseases such as inflammations, urinary infections, ascites, and oedema (Gauthaman and Ganesan, 2008).Other studies showed that Tt recorded as an antioxidant and protective effect against diabetes and heart disease (Amin et al., 2006;Ojha et al., 2008). This plant is a possible powerful natural source of antioxidants and could be useful in scavenging free radicals (Zheleva-Dimitrova et al., 2012). This study aimed to investigate the effect of Cd on the thyroid gland, evaluate the role of Tt against these effects, and compare between Tt's prophylactic and therapeutic effects. ...
Role of Tribulus terrestris Against Cadmium-induced Toxicity on Thyroid Gland of Adult Male Albino Rats Tribulus terrestris (Tt) is a herb distributed worldwide due to its beneficial claims on many diseases. This study aimed to study the role of Tt against Cadmium (Cd)-induced toxicity on thyroid gland of adult male albino rats. Twenty-four rats were subdivided into four groups; (Control group) without any treatment, (Tt + Cd group) with a daily oral dose of Tt (5 mg/ kg b. wt.) for eight weeks, from the beginning of the ninth week, they injected i.p. with 2 mg/kg of CdCl4 for 8 days, (Cd group) injected i.p. with 2 mg/kg of CdCl4 for 8 days, (Cd + Tt group) injected i.p. with 2 mg/kg of CdCl 4 for eight days, from the ninth day they were given a daily oral dose of Tt (5 mg/ kg b. wt.) for eight weeks. Results revealed that levels of T4 and TAC decreased while levels of TSH and MDA increased in Cd group resulted in follicular cells degeneration, increasing the amount of collagen fibers, and increased positive immunoreactivity of PCNA. Administration of Tt before Cd injection increased levels of T4 and TAC while decreased levels of TSH and MDA. administration of Tt after Cd injection didn't affect T4, TSH, MDA and TAC levels. The pre-treatment with Tt protects the thyroid tissue from those destructive changes by Cd while the post-treatment did not treat them. In conclusion, Tribulus terrestris is highly effective in shielding the thyroid gland from further damaging effects of Cd-induced oxidative stress when utilized as prophylactic antioxidant rather than treatment therapy.
... T. terrestris have been used since a long time by the indigenous communities due to its trusted medicinal properties (Adaikan et al. 2001). The plant has been used as a traditional remedy for addressing issues related to male fertility (Gauthaman et al. 2002;Zheleva-Dimitrova et al. 2012). The dried fruit of the plant works well for many problems related to the urinary and reproductive systems (Chhatre et al. 2014). ...
Allergic diseases have become a global problem posing a serious threat to human health. The treatment of allergic diseases is limited due to efficacy and safety. In this regard, natural products derived from plants are gaining positive impact due to lesser side effects and better compatibility with the human body. Keeping this in mind, the current chapter focuses on the selected plant species: Ximenia americana, Ximenia caffra, Mimusops zeyheri, Azanza garckeana, and Tribulus terrestris, which are indigenous to Southern Africa. The chapter will commence with the botanical description of these mentioned plant species, their geographical distribution, and traditional uses as medicines followed by their antiallergic potential and mode of action against allergic reactions. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies on bioactive compounds from these plant species and their efficacy in treating allergic reactions are also discussed. Understanding the biological origin and molecular mechanism of specialized metabolites will aid in the exploitation of these natural bioactive compounds as potential therapies in addition to current formulations to combat various allergies.
... (2012) Огляди Reviews оцінювали антиоксидантний потенціал рослинних препаратів T. terrestris з використанням 1,1-дифеніл-2 -п і к р и л г і д р а з и л у ( D P P H ) , 2 , 2 ' -а з и н о -б і с (3-етилбензотіазолін-6-сульфонової кислоти) діамонієвої солі (ABTS) вільних радикалів, заліза, що знижує антиоксидантну дію (FRAP) та інгібування пероксидного окиснення ліпідів методом тіоціанату заліза (FTC). Результати показали, що препарати T. terrestris мають виражену антиоксидантну активність та пригнічують пероксидне окиснення ліпідів [32]. Abbas та співавт. ...
CURRENT CONCEPTS ABOUT THE PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF GOATHEAD (TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS L.)
The aim of the work. Critical analysis and synthesis of scientific literature data on the phytochemical composition and pharmacological activity of Tribulus terrestris L.Materials and Methods. Analysis and synthesis of data from scientific periodicals regarding distribution, chemical composition, pharmacological activity and potential of medical use of T. terrestris.Results and Discussion. It was revealed that goathead, or caltrop (T.terrestris), an annual plant of the Zygophyllaceae family, is widely distributed throughout the world in regions with a dry climate, including in the semi-deserts and steppes of southern Ukraine. T.terrestris are used in folk medicine in many countries of the world due to a wide range of pharmacological activity, namely as a diuretic, sedative, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory agent, as well as for the treatment of some venereal diseases and sexual weakness. The main groups of natural compounds found in the raw material of T.terrestris include steroidal saponins, phytosterols, flavonoids, tannins, etc., and it is the steroidal saponins and flavonoids that determine the pharmacological activity of T.terrestris. Numerous studies have shown that T.terrestris contribute to the improvement of sexual function, have antisclerotic, cardiotonic and cardioprotective effects, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, fungicidal, antitumor, antispasmodic, antidepressant, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, antihelmintic and anticarious activities.Conclusions.The analysis of the world experience of using T.terrestris in traditional medicine, experimental and clinical studies on the phytochemical composition of the plant and a wide spectrum of its pharmacological activity showed that all plant organs can be considered as promising raw materials for further research and development of new phytomedicines with a wide spectrum of pharmacological action.Key words:Tribulus terrestris; plant raw material; chemical composition; pharmacological activity; anti-inflammatory activity; antioxidant activity; erectile dysfunction.
... [49] Plants that contain phenolic compounds and are especially rich in flavonoids can be effective in this regard. [50] T. terrestris, [51,52] U. dioica, [53] A. capillus-veneris, [54] S. maydis, [55] and C. melo [56] are all rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds, and their antioxidant properties have been confirmed, which can be one of the reasons for the effectiveness of the herbal solution used in our study in the treatment of urolithiasis. ...
Objective
The high prevalence of urolithiasis and its recurrence entail the preparation of an efficient drug with the least side effects. Tribulus terrestris , Urtica dioica , Adiantum capillus-veneris , Stigma maydis (corn silk), and Cucumis melo are herbal remedies utilized in traditional medicine for urolithiasis. This study aimed to assess the efficiency of these plants’ extracts in treating urolithiasis.
Methods
In a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, participants meeting inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to the drug ( n = 27) and placebo ( n = 27) groups to take herbal or placebo solutions, respectively, at a dose of 60 drops 3 times daily for 4 weeks with standard treatment. Before and after the intervention, 24-h urine volume and the quantities of calcium, sodium, citrate, oxalate, urea, creatinine, and uric acid in 24-h urine, and urinary pH were measured. The number and size (diameter in mm) of stones were determined by ultrasonography and recorded for each patient.
Findings
Except for 24 h urine volume, other urinary parameters did not alter significantly at the end of the intervention compared to baseline. Furthermore, the two groups had no significant difference regarding these indices. Regarding stone parameters, the stone size decreased significantly in the drug group compared to the placebo group ( P = 0.049). The number of cases with complete stone expulsion in the drug group was significantly higher than in the placebo group (12 cases vs. 4 cases, respectively, P = 0.017).
Conclusion
Oral consumption of the herbal solution causes stone size reduction and stone expulsion in patients with urolithiasis.
Plants are the rich source of antioxidants, which plays a very important role in maintaining human health. Their antioxidant property protects cells of different organs of human beings against free radicals and free radical mediated diseases. Even though, there is lack of knowledge on the antioxidant effect of lutein present in plants. In the present study, lutein was isolated from the methi leaves (Trigonella foenum graecum) which is used as a dietary source. The procedure adopted for the isolation and purification of lutein is simple and less time consuming. Free radicals scavenging activity of isolated lutein was assessed by Hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, DPPH radical scavenging assay, Ferric ion reducing assay, Ferrous ion chelating assay and Superoxide scavenging assay. The isolated lutein scavenged 89% of hydroxyl radicals at 20nM/ml and DPPH radical at 3 to 4 fold lower concentration compared to the standard antioxidants. It exhibited Ferrous ion chelation, Ferric ion reducing activity and Superoxide radical scavenging activity very effectively. The results proven that lutein isolated from methi leaves has an efficient antioxidant ability. Hence Methi leaves could be used as the best source of lutein to prevent the free radical mediated diseases.
S u m m a r y Arnica sp. infusions and tinctures play a great role in the traditional and contemporary medicine. Seeds of plantation-grown Arnica montana l. (aM) and Arnica chamissonis var. foliosa less. (ac) are a good source of bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids and flavonoids. in both studied genera higher levels of phenolic acids and flavonoids were detected in water extracts. regardless of plant genus, predominant fractions of phenolics were determined in seeds, comprising chlorogenic, caffeic acid, quercetin and kaempferol. all samples show high antioxidant activity, however, their levels depend on the extraction procedure and used material. the free radicals were scavenged most effectively by ex-tracts of ac seeds (30.3% – SaSa, 31.3% – DPPh and 39.8% – aBtS, respectively). it should be noted that lipid peroxidation was strongly inhibited by both studied tinctures. it is noteworthy that studied samples show positive correlations between inhibition of lipid peroxidation ability and total flavonoids and phenolic acids content (r=0.89 and r=0.83, respectively). results obtained from this study show that Arnica seeds extract, either alone or in combination with other active principles, can be used in cosmetic, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.
Polyphenols are abundant micronutrients in our diet, and evidence for their role in the prevention of degenerative diseases is emerging. Bioavailability differs greatly from one polyphenol to another, so that the most abundant polyphenols in our diet are not necessarily those leading to the highest concentrations of active metabolites in target tissues. Mean values for the maximal plasma concentration, the time to reach the maximal plasma concentration, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve, the elimination half-life, and the relative urinary excretion were calculated for 18 major polyphenols. We used data from 97 studies that investigated the kinetics and extent of polyphenol absorption among adults, after ingestion of a single dose of polyphenol provided as pure compound, plant extract, or whole food/beverage. The metabolites present in blood, resulting from digestive and hepatic activity, usually differ from the native compounds. The nature of the known metabolites is described when data are available. The plasma concentrations of total metabolites ranged from 0 to 4 mumol/L with an intake of 50 mg aglycone equivalents, and the relative urinary excretion ranged from 0.3% to 43% of the ingested dose, depending on the polyphenol. Gallic acid and isoflavones are the most well-absorbed polyphenols, followed by catechins, flavanones, and quercetin glucosides, but with different kinetics. The least well-absorbed polyphenols are the proanthocyanidins, the galloylated tea catechins, and the anthocyanins. Data are still too limited for assessment of hydroxycinnamic acids and other polyphenols. These data may be useful for the design and interpretation of intervention studies investigating the health effects of polyphenols.
Tribulus terrestris L. and Eclipta alba L. are commonly used plants in Indian folklore medicine. The present study investigates the antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of the fruits of Tribulus terrestris and the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Eclipta alba. They were investigated for hydroxyl radical and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) stable free radical scavenging activity and for inhibition of lipid peroxidation. It was found that both the extracts exhibited significant free radical scavenging capacity for DPPH and for hydroxyl radical. Further, the extracts showed considerable inhibition of lipid peroxidation.
Indian medicinal plants (Casia fistula, Cinnamomum cassia, Acacia catechu and Citrus limon) were analyzed for their antioxidant activity, phytochemical composition and vitamins content. Methanolic extracts of the bark of these plant species showed high antioxidant activity and Casia fistula possessed the highest percent inhibition of DPPH (91.66%) amongst all studied plants. The results also revealed the presence of substantial amount of bioactive constituents comprising alkaloids (1.31 to 1.64 mg/100g DW), flavonoids (36.2 to 76.2 mg/100g DW), saponins (0.883 to 2.251 mg/100g DW), tannins (0.45 to 0.85 mg/100g DW) and total phenol content (110 to 210.2 mg/100g DW) where Casia fistula was observed comparatively richer source of these phytochemicals. The medicinal plants had the erratic concentrations of vitamins and contained carotenoids (104 to 135 mg/100g DW), ascorbic acid (18.05 to 55.04 mg/100g DW), thiamine (0.12 to 0.28 mg/100g DW), riboflavin (0.11 to 0.42 mg/100g DW) and niacin (0.02 to 0.08 mg/100g DW). The results provided the evidence that the studied medicinal plants are to be potent source of natural antioxidant and medicinally important compounds.
A comparative investigation in respect to qualitative and quantitative composition of raw materials from Tribulus terretris L. and a variety of preparations from different origin have been performed. The results obtained concerning furostanol saponins indicate that most of the raw materials are either impurified products derived from Trihulus terristris or from the powdered plant itself. The content of protodioscin and protogracillin in the preparations except for the Bulgarian Tribestan film tablets (Sopharma) are in insignificant amount.
The structure of glycoside „C” (I) from the overground part of Tribulus terrestris L., was established by enzymatic hydrolysis and oxidatJve degradation as the furostanol bisglycoside protodioscin. Acid hydrolysis yielded the spirostanol diosgenin, a trace of tigogenin, glucose and rhamnose.