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Privatization of State-owned Cultural Heritage: a Critique of Recent Trends in Europe.

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... Private participation in the cultural industry cannot be completely stopped; therefore, its potential impacts should be appropriately understood. The private sector role must also be regulated, particularly, in terms of controlling the quality of the private participation and ensuring that the public benefits are guaranteed and not undermined by the status change of the cultural property (Palumbo, 2006). Schuster (1998) reminds us that an interesting trend that deserves to be investigated is that one goes beyond the traditional focusing on purely public or private. ...
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Purpose The aim of this paper is to determine the scope and content for a holistic conservation and development strategies in the case of Gaziantep Rumkale. This approach seeks an answer to the question of “How can Rumkale archaeological heritage be preserved with their original values and passed on to future generations?” Design/methodology/approach The materials of the paper are based on field research and written and visual resource. The paper has been handled with a four-step method setup. The first stage is to examine the spatial and functional background of Rumkale and its immediate surroundings based on the historical development process. The second stage is to evaluate the upper- and lower-scale planning experiences of the heritage site. The third stage of the research methodology is strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis. The fourth stage is the creation of cultural heritage conservation-development strategies that define strategies for the protection and development of archaeological heritage in the context of sustainability. Findings The paper emphasizes the development of a holistic perspective that theoretically deals with the archaeological heritage sites of Rumkale together with the surrounding rural areas. In this context, the paper suggests ecological, spatial, socio-cultural, economic and institutional protection development strategies for the Rumkale archaeological site together with the surrounding rural areas for their delivery to future generations. Originality/value Although the area has an important cultural heritage value for different religions and cultures, it has not been subject to sufficient scientific research. The paper develops a holistic approach by considering Rumkale and its surroundings together.
Chapter
The methodological framework of the Mogao study is based on the VERP (Visitor Experience and Resource Protection) model used by the U.S. National Park Service. The concept of “carrying capacity” has evolved in recent decades leading to VERP and other models for managing visitor impacts. The majority of scientists and practitioners who develop and apply these models come from a natural science background in which the application of the models has been aimed mainly at wilderness and natural heritage protected areas. Relatively little work has been done to apply these models to cultural heritage sites, especially to fragile and nonrenewable archaeological sites. The last section in this chapter explores the general characteristics of tourism, planning and administrative structures for cultural heritage in China, which differs from Western contexts where these models are applied.
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The archaeology of the Theban Necropolis is well documented. Under represented in the literature are the studies which deal with the meaning of the site to the multitude of contemporary users who interact with the heritage landscape and with each other in the designated archaeological zone. This article will investigate how different stakeholders engage with the heritage ‘space’ and invest it with multiple meanings. By exploring the areas of agreement, difference and contradiction, we hope to show how contemporary experiences and future visions for the management of global heritage at the Theban Necropolis can be analogous and simultaneously worlds apart.
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