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Tettigonia balcanica, a new species from the Balkan Peninsula (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae)
Abstract and Figures
Tettigonia balcanica, sp. n., discovered in the mountainous regions of
the Central, Western and North Balkan Peninsula, is described in this
paper. This species has many similarities with T. silana and T. cantans.
However, it differs by the song and some morphological characters. Its
range differs from that of T. cantans, with which it has been confused so
far, but the border between their ranges has yet to be specified.
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... Tettigonia, popularly known as the Green Bush-crickets, are generally large green orthopterans with moderately slender body and legs and welldeveloped wings that inhabit the plant cover searching for their food (usually smaller insects or plant tissues). Tettigonia is one of the most notable Old World example with two centers of diversity: one in the Mediterranean-Pontic region (see, e.g., Ramme 1951;Pinedo 1985;Chobanov et al. 2014) and another in the Japanese archipelago (see Ichikawa et al. 2006;Kim et al. 2016). Both regions are characterized by a similar number of endemic taxa and insufficient knowledge regarding the taxonomy and systematics of Green Bushcrickets (Ichikawa et al. 2006;Chobanov et al. 2014;own unpublished data). ...
... Tettigonia is one of the most notable Old World example with two centers of diversity: one in the Mediterranean-Pontic region (see, e.g., Ramme 1951;Pinedo 1985;Chobanov et al. 2014) and another in the Japanese archipelago (see Ichikawa et al. 2006;Kim et al. 2016). Both regions are characterized by a similar number of endemic taxa and insufficient knowledge regarding the taxonomy and systematics of Green Bushcrickets (Ichikawa et al. 2006;Chobanov et al. 2014;own unpublished data). ...
... Despite the fact that several species of Green Bush-crickets are quite well known and have been the subject of detailed neuro-ethological studies (e.g., Zhantiev and Korsunovskaya 1978;Schul 1998), others remain poorly known from single specimens, and even nowadays, the discovery of new species continues (Ogawa 2003;Ichikawa et al. 2006;Chobanov et al. 2014;Storozhenko et al. 2015). Data on the systematics of this genus involve piecemeal morpho-acoustic studies conducted for geographically restricted areas or focused on morphological groups of species (e.g., Heller 1988;Rhee 2013;Chobanov et al. 2014). ...
The genus Tettigonia includes 26 species distributed in the Palaearctic region. Though the Green Bush-crickets are widespread in Europe and common in a variety of habitats throughout the Palaearctic ecozone, the genus is still in need of scientific attention due to the presence of a multitude of poorly explored taxa. In the present study, we sought to clarify the evolutionary relationships of Green Bush-crickets and the composition of taxa occurring in the Western Palaearctic. Based on populations from 24 disjunct localities, the phylogeny of the group was estimated using sequences of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2). Morphological and acoustic variation documented for the examined populations and taxa was interpreted in the context of phylogenetic relationships inferred from our genetic analyses. The trees generated in the present study supported the existence of three main lineages: “A”—composed of all sampled populations of Tettigonia viridissima and the Tettigonia vaucheriana complex, “B”—comprising Tettigonia caudata, Tettigonia uvarovi, and the Tettigonia armeniaca complex, and “C”—consisting of Tettigonia cantans. The present study provides the first phylogenetic foundation for reviewing the systematics of Tettigonia (currently classified mostly according to morphological characteristics), proposing seven new synonymies.
... Identification: Harz (1969) was mostly used for the identification of Ensifera, while Harz (1975) for the identification of Caelifera. For some orthopteran groups, Harz' keys were not not satisfactory, so following keys and papers were used for the identification: Heller et al. (2004) for Isophya, Ingrisch & Pavićević (2010 for Leptophyes and P. elegans group, Chobanov & Heller (2010) for Poecilimon ornatus group, for Bicolorana, Chobanov et al. (2014) for Tettigonia, Massa et al. (2013) for Oecanthus, Iorgu et al. (2016,2017) for Gryllotalpa, Karaman et al. (2011) for Troglophilus, Devriese (1996) for Tetrigidae, Willemse et al. (2009) for Chorthippus with angled pronotal keels, and for Chorthippus (dorsatus). ...
... Tettigonia Linnaeus, 175871. Tettigonia balcanica Chobanov & Lemonnier-Darcemont, 2014 = balkanski zeleni konjicFirst faunistic record for Croatia:Chobanov et al. 2014 Distribution in Croatia: Dinaric Alps and mountains of Dalmatia, not well documented, being only recently described: currently known from Poštak Mt. and Biokovo Mt.(Skejo & Ozimec 27.VII.2016). Distribution Europe: Endemic to the Balkans-mountains of the Balkan Peninsula, from Southern Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Serbia, to Western and Central Bulgaria, and Northwestern Greece. ...
The first annotated checklist of crickets and grasshoppers (Orthoptera) of Croatia is presented. With 184 orthopteran species, 103 Ensifera and 81 Caelifera, known to inhabit the country, Croatia is among the richest European countries in terms of Orthoptera diversity. Altogether 25 species erroneously reported from the country are omitted from the checklist, 16 Ensifera (Isophya speciosa, Poecilimon brunneri, P. jonicus, P. thoracicus, Modestana ebneri, Pachytrachis bosniacus, Rhacocleis neglecta, Tessellana carinata, T. nigrosignata, Zeuneriana marmorata, Pteronemobius lineolatus, Myrmecophilus acervorum, M. ochraceus, Dolichopoda palpata, Diestrammena asynamora, Troglophilus brevicauda) and 9 Caelifera (Tetrix kraussi, Paracaloptenus caloptenoides, Chorthippus albomarginatus, Omocestus viridulus, Pseudochorthippus montanus, Miramella alpina, Celes variabilis, Oedipoda germanica, O. miniata). First faunistic records of 10 taxa are reported for Croatia, in total four Ensifera (Leptophyes punctatissima, Metrioptera hoermanni, Zeuneriana amplipennis, Gryllotalpa sp.) and six Caelifera (Xya variegata, Chorthippus dichrous, C. loratus, C. mollis ignifer, Odontopodisma sp., Acrotylus l. longipes). For each listed species, its distribution in Croatia and in Europe is given, and IUCN European Red List status is shown for species within threatened categories. Numerous distributional, taxonomic and nomenclatural problems are discussed. Several taxa with poorly defined diagnostic traits are synonymized, namely Gampsocleis abbreviata renei syn.nov. (with G. a. abbreviata), Pholidoptera maritima syn.nov. (with P. dalmatica), P. brachynota syn.nov. (with P. dalmatica), Acrida m. mediterranea syn.nov. (with A. u. ungarica), Chrysochraon dispar intermedius syn.nov. (with C. d. giganteus) and Odontopodisma rammei syn.nov. (with O. fallax).
... Our study shows that bioacoustic analyses of Orthoptera are still useful to better understand geographic variation within species. Though the European fauna is fairly well studied compared to other continents, new species of Orthoptera from Europe have been continuously described in recent years (Kleukers et al. 2010;Ingrisch and Pavićević 2010;Iorgu and Iorgu 2010;Orci et al. 2010;Iorgu 2012;Szövényi et al. 2012;Kaya et al. 2012;Chobanov et al. 2014;Chobanov et al. 2015;Tilmans et al. 2016;Olmo-Vidal 2017). The latter particularly concerns the species-rich genera Isophya and Poecilimon that are still expected to hold further surprises. ...
We studied the songs and morphology of the stridulatory file of Isophya modestior across its complete geographic range, in order to test our hypothesis that the male calling song of the species shows strong differentiation between the northern (Pannonian) and southern (Balkan) parts of its distribution range, reflecting its disjunct distribution. Our analyses confirm this hypothesis, separating analyzed specimens of I. modestior into two main groups - one present in the central part of the Balkan Peninsula (representing Isophya modestior sensu stricto ), with the second group occurring in the Pannonian Basin, Dinarides, Slovenia and NE Italy. The most reliable difference between the groups is the duration of the main syllable, the number of stridulatory teeth and number of pulses in the main syllable, where all values are higher in specimens from the Balkan Peninsula. Additional analyses showed that within the second group, there are differences in analyzed characters between specimens from the Pannonian Basin and specimens from the Dinaric area, the latter ones having intermediate song characteristics, closer to the group from the Balkan Peninsula. Our study shows that detailed bioacoustic analyses can help to unravel patterns of intraspecific differentiation and thus provide a useful tool for taxonomic studies.
... and three Oecanthus spp. described in Collins et al. (2014), Tettigonia balcanica Chobanov and Lemonnier-Darcemont, 2014 (Chobanov et al. 2014), and two Typophyllum spp. described by Braun (2015). ...
Bioacoustic monitoring and classification of animal communication signals has developed into a powerful tool for measuring and monitoring species diversity within complex communities and habitats. The high number of stridulating species among Orthoptera allows their detection and classification in a non-invasive and economic way, particularly in habitats where visual observations are difficult or even impossible, such as tropical rainforests. Major sound archives were queried for Orthoptera songs, with special emphasis on usability as reference training libraries for computer algorithms. Orthoptera songs are highly stereotyped, reliable taxonomic features. However, exploitation of songs for acoustic profiling is limited by the small number of reference recordings: existing song libraries represent only about 1000 species, mainly from Europe and North America, covering less than 10% of extant stridulating Orthoptera species. Available databases are fragmented and lack tools for song annotation and efficient feature-based searching. Results from recent bioacoustic surveys illustrate the potential of the method, but also the challenges and bottlenecks impeding further progress. A major problem is time-consuming data analysis of recordings. Computer-aided identification software exists for classification and identification of cricket and grasshopper songs, but these tools are still far from practical for field application.
A framework for acoustic profiling of Orthoptera should consist of the following components: (1) Protocols for standardized acoustic sampling, at species and community levels, using acoustic data loggers for autonomous long-term recordings; (2) Open access to and efficient management of song data and voucher specimens, involving the Orthoptera Species File (OSF) and Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF); (3) An infrastructure for automatized analysis and song classification; and (4) Complementation and improvement of Orthoptera sound libraries using OSF as the taxonomic backbone and repository for representative song recordings. Taxonomists should be encouraged, or even obliged, to deposit original recordings, particularly if they form part of species descriptions or revisions.
... Local faunistic information has been reported by Chobanov [26] and Micevski et al. [27] and the to-date information on Orthoptera of Macedonia has been critically summarized by Chobanov & Mihajlova [4]. In addition, three new species have been described from the territory of this country by Chobanov & Heller [28], Karaman et al. [29] and Chobanov et al. [30], some faunistic records were added by Lemonnier-Darcemont [31], Chobanov et al. [32] and a "Red list of Orthoptera of the Republic of Macedonia" was published by Lemonnier-Darcemont et al. [33]. Thus, currently the number of recognized species for Macedonia is 171 (with two additional subspecies). ...
In this paper faunistic data of Orthoptera from Belasitsa Mountain are presented. The research underlying this study was carried out in the period of April–November 2010 at localities along altitudinal gradient at the northern part of the mountain. As a result, 16 species of orthopterans belonging to 6 families, 9 subfamilies and 16 genera were registered.
New distributional data are reported on the Orthoptera in Serbia, based on field collections between 2015 and 2018. Maps provided in this article present the combination of the previously published records and newly collected data.
The exploration of the Orthoptera fauna of Albania started relatively late as compared to the neighbouring countries. The first study was published in 1910. The pioneering steps were made by Richard Ebner and Heinrich Karny and more recent publications were often based on the examination of their collections, too. The 1916–18 expeditions of Ernő Csiki were significant with respect to the Orthoptera fauna of Northern Albania. Contributions to our present knowledge on Albanian orthopterans were made by Ebner, Karny, Ramme, Mistshenko, Harz, Kaltenbach, Karaman, Chobanov and Lemonnier-Darcemont. After several decades of inactivity, the 2000s saw a new wave of taxonomic, faunistic and conservation-oriented research that are still ongoing with great intensity.
From a total of 179 species that have so far been recorded in Serbia, 68 are included in the proposed Red List of Orthoptera. One species is proposed as critically endangered (CR), 3 as endangered (EN), 25 as vulnerable (VU), 23 as near threatened (NT) and 14 as the least concern (LC), whereas two species are proposed for the category of data deficient concerning the threat (DD).
It is considered that the main threat to Orthoptera is devastation of their natural habitats. In the first place concerning the threat, both in Europe and in Serbia, are the steppe habitats where the anthropogenic factor has had the major impact. Large areas of steppe habitats have been transformed into arable land under various cultures and all possible protection measures applied, including a wide range of pesticides. The second most endangered are wetland habitats that have also been converted into arable land by intensive draining. In the category of the most endangered species are those with the inability of larger dispersion, primarily the poorly vagile brachipterous and apteran species with limited or disjunct native range.
This paper presents data on rare and new species of orthopteroid insects the fauna of Serbia. New records for Serbia include 7 species and 1 subspecies from the suborder Ensifera and 3 species from the suborder Caelifera, as well as 1 species from the order Mantodea. The total number of Orthoptera species in Serbia, including literature data and the results of our studies, is 178 (99 species of Ensifera and 79 species of Caelifera), while 3 species are known from the order Mantodea.
Tettigonia viridissima is a species that is widely distributed throughout the Palearctic. For decades it was assumed that the eastern range limit of the species reaches until the Pacific Coast of the Eurasian continent. However, STOROZ-HENKO (1994) provided evidence for the assumption that T. viridssima reaches its eastern distribution border at the Altai Mts. Based on this study the long winged Tettigonia species living in the eastern most part of Eurasia must be classified as Tettigonia dolichoptera on the mainland and as Tettigonia orientalis (or other Tet-tigonia species of the T. orientalis group) in Japan. The three species T. viri-dissima, T. dolichoptera and T. orientalis are similar with respect to wing length, but they can be cleary distinguished by cercus length, shape of tegmina and song traits.
The study aimed to contribute to the knowledge of the Orthoptera of the Special Nature Reserve Zasavica. During the fieldwork on 11 localities from August 1st to 10th 2013 we recorded 46 Orthoptera species (23 Ensifera and 23 Caelifera). This was the first systematic research of this insect group in the Reserve. The
commonest species were Chorthippus parallelus and Pezotettix giornae. We recorded and discussed a few interesting species: Zeuneriana amplipennis, Tetti-gonia cantans, Leptophyes discoidalis, L. boscii, Conocephalus dorsalis, Modicogryllus frontalis, Chrysochraon d. dispar, Stenobothrus crassipes, Chorthippus dichrous and Chorthippus oschei pusztaensis. Results of an inventory and pre-liminary monitoring of Zeuner's Danube bush-cricket (Zeuneriana amplipennis) from 2005 to 2008 are presented. In addition to the species recorded during this fieldwork, five more species of Ensifera were found before by the second author. These are presented and discussed here.
The genus Eupholidoptera includes 46 M editerranean species distributed from T urkey to G reece, I taly and southern F rance. In the eastern part of its range, Eupholidoptera has been considered to consist of several distinct species, while in the B alkans and I talian peninsula only E. chabrieri has been recognized. However, the status of some I talian populations, confined to particular geographic areas, remains uncertain. To investigate the delimitation of the I talian taxa of Eupholidoptera , we performed both morphological and molecular analyses. Morphological analysis was carried out by considering diagnostic characters usually used to distinguish different taxa, such as the shape of titillators in males and the subgenital plate in females. Molecular analysis was performed by sequencing three mitochondrial genes: 12S r RNA , 16S r RNA , partially sequenced and the entire gene of cox1 . Molecular markers were used to infer phylogenetic relationships among the I talian Eupholidoptera species and to reconstruct the historical processes that shaped their current geographic distribution. Results from both morphological and molecular analyses were used to revise the taxonomic arrangement of species. On the whole we were able to distinguish nine lineages of I talian Eupholidoptera , of which E. tyrrhenica sp.n. from C orsica is described as a new species.
This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EBD181A0-5263-4880-AC80-66F624506E3A .
Localizing sounds with different frequency and time domain characteristics in a dynamic listening environment is a challenging task that has not been explored in the field of robotics as much as other perceptual tasks. This thesis presents an integrated auditory system for a humanoid robot, currently under development, that will, among other things, learn to localize normal, everyday sounds in a realistic environment. The hardware and software has been designed and developed to take full advantage of the features and capabilities of the humanoid robot of which it will be an integral component. Sounds with different frequency components and time domain characteristics have to be localized using different cues; a neural network is also presented that has been developed off-line to learn to integrate the various auditory cues, using primarily visual data to perform self-supervised training. Thesis Supervisor: Rodney A. Brooks Title: Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering & Comp...
The genus Isophya is the largest genus of bush-crickets in Central Europe and the second largest in Europe. Its members are difficult to identify because of their morphological similarity. However, most species differ distinctly in their calling songs. Nearly half of the Central European species have been described less than fifty years ago, and no detailed revision has been published since this time. We have analysed male morphology and bioacoustics, and present figures of male pronotum and tegmina, cerci, stridulatory file and oscillograms of the calling songs of all species known to occur in the region including a identification table. According to these data, the following taxa are considered to be valid species: Isophya pyrenaea (Serville, 1839), I. camptoxypha (Fieber, 1853), I. modesta (Frivaldszky, 1867), I. costataBrunner von Wattenwyl, 1878, I. kraussii Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878, I. modestiorBrunner von Wattenwyl, 1882 I. brevicaudaRamme, 1931, I. pienensis Maran, 1954; stat. rev., I. stysi Cejchan, 1958, I. beybienkoi Maran, 1958 and I. posthumoidalisBazyluk, 1971. I. brevipennis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 is considered a synonym (syn. n.) of I. camptoxypha (Fieber, 1853).
Males of the bush cricket Tettigonia cantans often occur in dense populations in which agonistic, competitive behaviour between singing males is frequently seen. Some of the informational cues that might be used to resolve these competitive interactions have been examined here, the results being drawn from studies of field behaviour and laboratory observations. The cues examined were song frequency (carrier frequency), song intensity, body weight, prior occupation of ‘territory’ and onset of singing activity. Of these the most reliable cue was song frequency; dominant males have songs pitched almost 1 kHz (on average) lower than subordinate males. Song frequency was not related to body size. No consistent relationship was found between song intensity (of the carrier frequency) and body weight, or intensity and dominance, though 63% of dominant males had a louder high-frequency component in their songs. Body size was not related to status though the heaviest males in the population had a higher probability of becoming dominant. Generally dominant males initiated acoustic interactions. The independence of the carrier frequency and body weight, and the relatively low song frequency of T. cantans (compared to other tettigoniid speices of similar size) suggest that sexual selection has acted to depress song frequency in this species.
Female phonotaxis of Tettigonia viridissima and T. caudata was investigated on a walking compensator to determine the temporal parameters of the male song used for song recognition,
and to compare them with the previously described pulse rate filtering of T. cantans. The T. cantans song is continuous with a ≈30-Hz pulse rate. The T. caudata song has a higher pulse rate (≈40 Hz) and duty cycle than T. cantans and a distinct verse structure. The T. viridissima song is continuous with a double-pulse pattern. While the pulse rate is essential for song recognition in T. cantans, neither pulse rate not verse structure were essential for song recognition in T. caudata: females responded to signals above a minimum duty cycle. T. viridissima females did not require the double-pulse structure, but a single long pulse, equivalent to the duration of the double pulses
and interval between them, was effective. Song attractiveness was limited by a minimum duration of the merged double pulse,
and by minimum and maximum duration of the interval between them. Pulse rate recognition had little if any importance in either
of the species investigated. Thus, the three congeners use different mechanisms for temporal song recognition.