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PRESPA LAKE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN
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... Unfortunately, in recent years, the entire ecosystem has faced serious environmental challenges such as pollution, ineffective planning for land-and water-use as well as poor preservation of rare and threatened species. The unsustainable agricultural, fishery, forestry, water, wastewater and solid waste management practices have had a severe impact on the ecosystem health (Petrovska et al. 2014). Macrozoobenthos communities indicate different biological water quality in the littoral and profundal parts of the lake. ...
... Macrozoobenthos communities indicate different biological water quality in the littoral and profundal parts of the lake. At different sampling sites, littoral benthic fauna is composed of species and di-versity indicating good to moderate ecological status, while the profundal is almost totally inhabited by fauna indicative of poor to bad ecological status (Petrovska et al. 2014). ...
Results of the monitoring on the diversity and density of macrozoobenthos from the littoral zone of the locality Krani in Lake Prespa are presented. Three depths along three transects in this locality were sampled in spring and autumn of 2015. We recorded 25 taxa of macrozoobenthos belonging to eight classes: Turbellaria, Oligochaeta, Hirudinea, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Amphipoda, Isopoda and Insecta. Seasonal changes (temperature, light availability, food availability and habitat conditions) as well as anthropogenic impacts affect macrozoobenthos communities. It was established that the density of communities is higher in autumn than in spring. Three species out of the 25 registered taxa were recorded with significantly higher densities: Dreissena carinata (14400 ind./m2), Gammarus triacanthus prespensis (4950 ind./m2) and Pyrgohydrobia prespaensis (4425 ind./m2). The results could contribute in obtaining a better understanding of the vertical and horizontal distribution, seasonal fluctuations in the population densities and the general state of the benthic fauna of this locality of high conservational importance.
... Koontz Lake contains two other invasive plant species: curly-leaf pondweed, which is also submersed, and purple loosestrife, an emergent aquatic plant. In the 2016 study, (Jermalowicz-Jones 2017) curly-leaf pondweed was found in only two locations in the littoral zone at the lake perimeter, where in the 2009 study (JFNew 2010) it covered approximately 42 acres 17 hectares), about 12% of the lake's surface. The 2009 study was conducted in May where the 2017 study was conducted in October, which could explain the difference in density of curly-leaf pondweed. ...
... Historically, Koontz Lake has had several issues with cyanobacteria. The 2008 study (JFNew 2010) showed that cyanobacteria was the most abundant genera found and accounted for over half of total phytoplankton density. Within the cyanobacteria, Anabaena sp. ...
Koontz Lake is located in northern Indiana. The lake has had problems with eutrophication, harmful algae, invasive plants, and shallowing due to accumulation of sediment and muck. A study was conducted to assist in evaluating between two ecological restorative options under consideration: aeration and dredging. In this report, both approaches are defined, and various options of each are discussed. The impact of each approach is assessed for key water quality/ecological parameters. The specific needs of Koontz Lake are then discussed. In the case of Koontz Lake, the shallow portions of the lake appear to limit the effectiveness of aeration. Dredging would allow increased recreational use of the lake, particularly minimizing limitations on boating speeds. However, aeration could be integrated for long-term management of the lake. This report summarizes recommendations for Koontz Lake that have a greater applicability to other U.S. Army Corps of Engineers lake/reservoir projects. Several other alternatives are also presented, specifically the use of PhosLock, iron, and alum to bind phosphorus in sediments. (The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center does not endorse any specific products or brands).
... The watershed is 5,324 hectares and is dominated by loams and clay loams formed from glacial till. Land use in the watershed includes 74.6% row crops, 6.7% grass/hay, 5.8% wetlands, 1.9% timber, and 11% other [30]. Two municipalities lie in the watershed: Lake View, population 1,142, lies in the northwest region and Breda, population 483, is situated at the southernmost end of the watershed at the headwaters (2010 census). ...
Antibiotics are administered to livestock in animal feeding operations (AFOs) for the control, prevention, and treatment of disease. Manure from antibiotic treated livestock contains unmetabolized antibiotics that provide selective pressure on bacteria, facilitating the expression of anti-microbial resistance (AMR). Manure application on row crops is an agronomic practice used by growers to meet crop nutrient needs; however, it can be a source of AMR to the soil and water environment. This study in central Iowa aims to directly compare AMR indicators in outlet runoff from two adjacent (221 to 229 ha) manured and non-manured catchments (manure comparison), and among three catchments (600 to 804 ha) with manure influence, no known manure application (control), and urban influences (mixed land use comparison). Monitored AMR indicators included antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) ermB, ermF (macrolide), tetA, tetM, tetO, tetW (tetracycline), sul1, sul2 (sulfonamide), aadA2 (aminoglycoside), vgaA, and vgaB (pleuromutilin), and tylosin and tetracycline resistant enterococci bacteria. Results of the manure comparison showed significantly higher (p<0.05) tetracycline and tylosin resistant bacteria from the catchment with manure application in 2017, but no differences in 2018, possibly due to changes in antibiotic use resulting from the Veterinary Feed Directive. Moreover, the ARG analysis indicated a larger diversity of ARGs at the manure amended catchment. The mixed land use comparison showed the manure amended catchment had significantly higher (p<0.05) tetracycline resistant bacteria in 2017 and significantly higher tylosin resistant bacteria in 2017 and 2018 than the urban influenced catchment. The urban influenced catchment had significantly higher ermB concentrations in both sampling years, however the manure applied catchment runoff consisted of higher relative abundance of total ARGs. Additionally, both catchments showed higher AMR indicators compared to the control catchment. This study identifies four ARGs that might be specific to AMR as a result of agricultural sources (tetM, tetW, sul1, sul2) and optimal for use in watershed scale monitoring studies for tracking resistance in the environment.
... Intensive agriculture along with tourism and medium-size industrial enterprises contribute to overall environmental pressure. The continuous and intensive anthropogenic pressure led to increased eutrophication of the Prespa Lake (Krstić 2012, Petrovska et al. 2014) and triggered a "chain reaction" of ecosystem deprivation. ...
Aldrovanda vesiculosa L., widely known as the waterwheel plant, is a rare aquatic plant that holds the status of a globally endangered (EN) species. Extant populations of A. vesiculosa are rare in Europe and there are only few sites left in the Balkans. In Macedonia, the species was last recorded in 1980 and according to many researchers the plant was considered as extinct in the area. In this paper, we present the recent finding of Aldrovanda vesiculosa and new data on its distribution in Macedonia, including an assessment on the specific habitat type and evident threats.
... Consider the various strategies that use a BMP to control P discharge. Per acre of runoff treatment area, the cost of a constructed wetland is estimated to be around $1,500 ($US2004); a storm-water infiltration system costs around $25,000 ($US2004) (Jarvis, Coverly, &Auch, 2004). To estimate long-term costs, a present value approach can be adopted to calculate the net present value (NPV) over time, with given discount and inflation rates. ...
A system dynamics method to assess carrying capacity of a defined natural environment is presented. The proposed method seeks to relate per capita resource usage to ranges of population and per capita consumption beyond which the system is not viable relative to population dependent resource constraints. It provides a platform to investigate system behavior through system dynamics simulations where populations change, natural resources decay due to stressor impacts, and feedback occurs via implementation of policy. Application of the model to a case study of Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) of phosphorous in Bear Lake, a Lake Michigan estuary (USA), shows the major total phosphorous (P) loading contribution is anthropogenic land use development. Three scenarios are quantitatively explored by assuming changes in land use and/or loading rates. Simulation results show tradeoffs between reduction of total P and land use; economic development can be flexibly evaluated against targets of loading reduction trajectories.
... Everything the Native Hawaiians needed for survival was contained within the from the mountain to the sea. The fed the upland forests and farms, which in turn brought nutrients was also (harmonious) ecosystem that could sustain many future generations of Hawaiians (Board of Water Supply, 2006). ...
Historically, traditional Native Hawaiian values and survival were rooted in the practice of mālama ’āina – caring for the land. Urbanization and development of the land over time, however, have disconnected Native Hawaiians from their traditional practices and land. In an effort to get back to mālama ’āina, Native Hawaiians are incorporating cultural history and identity into addressing environmental problems by taking responsibility to reclaim and restore the ’āina for future generations. Once such example is the Ka Wai Ola O Wai’anae project in which the Wai’anae Coast community is using federal funding to build capacity to understand and take effective actions that mitigate pollutants in the environment, with the goal of getting back mālama ’āina.
Surface water is one of the most vital Earth resources changing in time and space as a consequence of land use/land cover (LULC) changes, climate change, and other environmental factors. Timely monitoring of the water area and its surroundings is essential for policy and decision-making processes. Monitoring the land cover changes with conventional methods may consume significant time and resources. With the development of remote sensing, land cover monitoring has become practical and effective. The most practical way for monitoring the changes is with the classification of satellite imagery. The main aim of the study is to make a five-year land cover change in a watershed using remote sensing data. For this purpose, two satellite images, from RapidEye-3 and Sentinel-2 have been classified. As a study area, the Prespa Lake watershed has been selected. The Prespa Lake is situated in the Balkan Peninsula and is shared among Albania, North Macedonia, and Greece. For the purpose of the study, a semi-automated object-based classification model has been developed. The results from the classification showed significant accuracy of 93-96%. For future studies, it is recommended further investigation, such as using monthly satellite imagery and modeling precipitation and meteorological data.
The Kosrae Shoreline Management Plan: Repositioning for Resilience reviews the progress of Kosraeâs preparations for the predicted impacts climate change and provides strategies for adapting to and mitigating these potential impacts. The plan describes the requirement for the relocation of key infrastructure and residential areas away from coastal areas that are susceptible to inundation and prioritises coastal protection and other infrastructure works. (KIRMA)
Shoal Lake, Ontario has a complex history of resource developments, policy and legislation that has impacted Iskatewizaagegan No. 39 Independent First Nation (IIFN) socially, economically and culturally. These factors continue to influence the community‘s contemporary fishing practices. The purpose of this paper is to explore the linkages between contemporary fishing practices and IIFN members‘ well-being. The study employs a mixed-method approach by utilizing a combination of household survey, semi-structured and open-ended interviews with expert IIFN fishers as well as participation in contemporary fishing practices. It presents both material and non-material benefits of contemporary IIFN fishing practices. Results indicate that IIFN members actively partake in fishing activities and continue to rely on fish as an essential part of their diet. Fishing practices also provide avenues for IIFN to convey cultural knowledge strengthen social cohesion and help articulate a sense of Iskatewizaagegan identity. As such, they are important to the community‘s physical and psychological health as well as Iskatewizaagegan culture and spirituality.
The case for global ecosystem conservation has been forcefully made, and in many countries largely accepted - at least in principle. This chapter addresses the background to the case for river conservation and looks at the use and abuse of rivers, with worldwide examples; the character of the case, including the place of nature, conservation within a wider framework, with a look at the workings of the Countryside Commission and Nature Conservancy Council. The next section looks at five options for river conservation illustrating a hypothetical gradient from rivers that are still essentially pristine through to those that are totally degraded. The next section assesses the dimensions of the case, as flowing water ecosystems can be described as four-dimensional, having longitudinal, lateral, vertical, and temporal components. This framework, together with a fifth dimension, conceptual, is an appropriate way of describing what needs to be included in any case for river conservation. A case study of the River Spey, Scotland is presented which provides a good example of this multi-dimensional approach to conservation. This chapter concludes with a section of ideas to make the case for river conservation more effective. -from Author
Healthy environment is rapidly becoming very important value in human
life and a criterion of the quality of living. To achieve this target,
many of us consider the 'returning to nature' and respecting the ancient
laws of nature as the possible solution. Accelerated or fast
eutrophization is detected destiny in majority of fresh water ecosystems
today, mainly due to global climate changes and adverse human impact.
However, this process can be tackled by different activities,
ecoremedation (ERM) having an especially important place. Ecoremediation
is a system of utilizing the natural processes for revival and
protection of the environment. ERM methods may reduce and avert the
consequences of agricultural pollution, tourism, transport, industry,
land fills and (over)population. In its essence, ERM represents the
'returning to nature' approach aiming to preserve or re-establish the
natural balance of the ecosystems, but also a human endevour that
enables new jobs and by-side activities important for economic and
social (sustainable) development of the human society. In this study
we propose the model of eutrophication control achieved on four
important levels in the functional dynamics of the ecosystems. ERM is
placed as key element in prevention, increasing of decomposition
processes through different modes of aeration, decreasing of the total
capacity of the ecosystem usually via constructed wetlands, planting and
removing of the riparian vegetation.
