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Wound healing activity of flower extract of Calendula officinalis
Abstract
The effects of oral and topical application of Calendula officinalis flower extract on excision wounds made in rats were checked. The parameters assessed were the days needed for re-epithelization and percentage of wound closure. The hydroxy proline and hexosamine content in the granuloma tissue of the wound was also measured. The percentage of wound closure was 90.0% in the extract-treated group, whereas the control group showed only 51.1% on the eighth day of wounding (p < .01). The days needed for re-epithelization were 17.7 for the control animals; extract treatment at a dose of 20 or 100 mg/kg b.wt reduced the period to 14 and 13 days, respectively. A significant increase was observed in the hydroxy proline and hexosamine content in the extract-treated group compared with the untreated animals. The data indicate potent wound healing activity ofC. officinalis extract.
... Parente et al., 16,22 Preethi et al., 28 and Shafeie et al. 26 examined rats with full thickness cutaneous lesions, while Dinda et al. 14 examined mice with full thickness cutaneous lesions. Experimental treatment groups were treated with topical 14,16,22,26,28 or oral 28 calendula ethanolic extract and compared to water, 16,22 saline 14 (placebo groups) or cream gel base, 26 povidone iodine ointment 14 or no intervention 28 control groups (Table 1). ...
... Parente et al., 16,22 Preethi et al., 28 and Shafeie et al. 26 examined rats with full thickness cutaneous lesions, while Dinda et al. 14 examined mice with full thickness cutaneous lesions. Experimental treatment groups were treated with topical 14,16,22,26,28 or oral 28 calendula ethanolic extract and compared to water, 16,22 saline 14 (placebo groups) or cream gel base, 26 povidone iodine ointment 14 or no intervention 28 control groups (Table 1). In the studies by Shafeie et al. 26 and Preethi et al., 28 the dose-effect relationship was assessed by using a number of treatment groups with increasing dosages. ...
... Experimental treatment groups were treated with topical 14,16,22,26,28 or oral 28 calendula ethanolic extract and compared to water, 16,22 saline 14 (placebo groups) or cream gel base, 26 povidone iodine ointment 14 or no intervention 28 control groups (Table 1). In the studies by Shafeie et al. 26 and Preethi et al., 28 the dose-effect relationship was assessed by using a number of treatment groups with increasing dosages. Follow-up duration varied from 6 to 21 days after skin excisions ( Table 1). ...
Use of complementary and alternative medicine for wound healing is influencing mainstream medical practice. This systematic review evaluates the role of Calendula officinalis flower extract as monotherapy compared to control for wound healing in vivo. Searches were conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL and Scopus (up to April 2018) with 14 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, comprising 7 animal experiments and 7 clinical trials. Findings from the review on acute wound healing showed faster resolution of the inflammation phase with increased production of granulation tissue in the test groups treated with extract. These findings were consistent in 5 animal studies and 1 randomized clinical trial. Chronic wound healing studies were varied. Two clinical control studies on venous ulcers demonstrated decreased ulcer surface area compared to controls. Another randomized clinical trial demonstrated no improvement for the calendula group in diabetic leg ulcer healing. Burn healing similarly showed mixed results. Two animal studies demonstrated a prophylactic effect for the administration of Calendula extract prior to burn injury. A randomized clinical trial of patients suffering from partial to full thickness burns demonstrated no benefit for topical application of Calendula extract compared to controls. Two randomized clinical trials assessed the potential for extract to prevent acute post radiation dermatitis, with one study showing improvements compared to trolamine while the other found no improvement compared to aqua gel cream. Animal studies provide moderate evidence for improved recovery from the inflammation phase and increased production of granulation tissue in Calendula extract treatment groups. This review identified some evidence for the beneficial effects of Calendula officinalis extract for wound healing, consistent with its role in traditional medicine. There is a need for larger, well‐designed randomized control trials to assess the effect of Calendula on wound healing including complications.
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... The large number of publications from the last twenty years shows a sound base of evidence-based knowledge about [160,166,180]; 22 [79,149,150]; 23 [168,181]; 24 [82]; 25 [35,37,104]; 26 [182]; 27 [29,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63]; 28 [31,32,82,84,87,88,183,184]; 29 [104]; 30 [81]; 31 [185]; 32 [29,64,186]; 33 [29]; 34 [183]; 35 [45,143]; 36 [187]; 37 [84,86,185]; 38 [64,187]; 39 [105]; 40 [52,64]; 41 [87]; 42 [29,64]; 43 [45,188]; 44 [64]; 45 [52]; 46 [189]; 47 [61,62]; 48 [45,188]; 49 [32,86,88,183]; 50 [105]; 51 [185]; 52 [62,190]; 53 [29,62,190]; 54 [86,88,183]; 55 [84,87,185]; 56 [191]; 57 [62]; 58 [33,83]; 59 [33,84,85]; 60 [35,104,109]; 61 [192]; 62 [55,193]; 63 [61]; 64 [88]; 65 [86,87]; 66 [105]; 67 [189]; 68 [71] 69 [81,194]; 70 [37,109]; 71 [55,193]; 72 [182]; 73 [88,92]; 74 [32,81,82]; 75 [109]; 76 [55]; 77 [88]; 78 [81,82]; 79 [104,113]; 80 [71,72] 81 [84,86,87]; 82 [115]; 83 [92] 84 [29,50]; 85 [29,30,60,195]; 86 [33,52,83,143,191]; 87 [31,81,82,88,92,171,185,194]; 88 [34,36]; 89 [35,37,108,109,115]; 90 [39,120,192]; 91 [38]; 92 [182]; 93 [196]; 94 [197]; 95 [189] these four medicinal plants. Although the number of publications focusing on skin related topics is smaller, the amount is still in a promising range. ...
... The large number of publications from the last twenty years shows a sound base of evidence-based knowledge about [160,166,180]; 22 [79,149,150]; 23 [168,181]; 24 [82]; 25 [35,37,104]; 26 [182]; 27 [29,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63]; 28 [31,32,82,84,87,88,183,184]; 29 [104]; 30 [81]; 31 [185]; 32 [29,64,186]; 33 [29]; 34 [183]; 35 [45,143]; 36 [187]; 37 [84,86,185]; 38 [64,187]; 39 [105]; 40 [52,64]; 41 [87]; 42 [29,64]; 43 [45,188]; 44 [64]; 45 [52]; 46 [189]; 47 [61,62]; 48 [45,188]; 49 [32,86,88,183]; 50 [105]; 51 [185]; 52 [62,190]; 53 [29,62,190]; 54 [86,88,183]; 55 [84,87,185]; 56 [191]; 57 [62]; 58 [33,83]; 59 [33,84,85]; 60 [35,104,109]; 61 [192]; 62 [55,193]; 63 [61]; 64 [88]; 65 [86,87]; 66 [105]; 67 [189]; 68 [71] 69 [81,194]; 70 [37,109]; 71 [55,193]; 72 [182]; 73 [88,92]; 74 [32,81,82]; 75 [109]; 76 [55]; 77 [88]; 78 [81,82]; 79 [104,113]; 80 [71,72] 81 [84,86,87]; 82 [115]; 83 [92] 84 [29,50]; 85 [29,30,60,195]; 86 [33,52,83,143,191]; 87 [31,81,82,88,92,171,185,194]; 88 [34,36]; 89 [35,37,108,109,115]; 90 [39,120,192]; 91 [38]; 92 [182]; 93 [196]; 94 [197]; 95 [189] these four medicinal plants. Although the number of publications focusing on skin related topics is smaller, the amount is still in a promising range. ...
... A well-known traditional indication in Switzerland for the use of Marigold is wound care [15,56]. This field of use can be well justified by the results of this review as 8 clinical and in vivo references confirmed this effect [29,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63]. There were no references showing any result different than Marigold aiding the healing process. ...
Background
Medicinal plants have been used traditionally since centuries for wound care and treatment of skin diseases both in human and animals. Skin diseases are one of the most common reasons for owners to take their dog to the veterinarian. The demands for treatment and prophylaxis of these diseases are broad. A wide range of bacteria including antibiotic-resistant bacteria can be involved, making the treatment challenging and bear an anthropo-zoonotic potential. The aim of this review is to systematically evaluate based on recent scientific literature, the potential of four medicinal plants to enrich the therapeutic options in pyoderma, canine atopic dermatitis, otitis externa, wounds and dermatophytosis in dogs.
Results
Based on four books and a survey among veterinarians specialized in phytotherapy, four medicinal plants were chosen as the subject of this systematic review: Calendula officinalis L. (Marigold), Hypericum perforatum L. agg. (St. John’s Wort), Matricaria chamomilla L. (syn. Matricaria recutita L., Chamomile) and Salvia officinalis L. (Sage). According to the PRISMA statement through literature research on two online databases a total of 8295 publications was screened and narrowed down to a final 138 publications for which full-text documents were analyzed for its content resulting in a total of 145 references (21 clinical, 24 in vivo and 100 in vitro references).
Conclusions
All four plants were proven to have antibacterial and antifungal effects of a rather broad spectrum including antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This makes them an interesting new option for the treatment of pyoderma, otitis externa, infected wounds and dermatophytosis. Marigold, St. John’s Wort and Chamomile showed wound-healing properties and are thus promising candidates in line to fill the therapeutic gap in canine wound-healing agents. St. John’s Wort and Chamomile also showed anti-inflammatory and other beneficial effects on healthy skin. Due to the wide range of beneficial effects of these medicinal plants, they should be taken into account for the treatment of dermatologic diseases in dogs at least in future clinical research.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-1854-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
... M. chamomilla has a large variety of secondary metabolites and active chemicals, such as Sesquiter-penes, polyacetylenes, coumarins, and flavonoids. Extracts of camomile also include bioactive phenolic components as luteolin and luteolin-7-Oglucoside, quercetin and rutin, apigenin and apigenin-7-O-glucoside, and naringenin (Table 2) [64]. Table 2. ...
... Table 2. The phytochemistry of the major bioactive components of Matricaria chamomilla L. [64]. ...
The skin protects the internal organs from mechanical, chemical, and thermal injury and is thus the body's first line of defence. It has an advanced immune response that protects the body from harmful microbes. Healing a wound is a dynamic process supported by a plethora of cellular processes such as homoeostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling, all of which must work in tandem to restore the health of the injured tissue. Following cutaneous injury, germs may rapidly invade subcutaneous tissues, leading to painful chronic sores and even death. Wound therapy and infection prevention have both benefited greatly from the use of natural phytomedicines, which have been used extensively due to their potent pharmacological effects. Phytotherapy has been used effectively to heal cutaneous wounds, delay the emergence of infections, and limit the use of antibiotics that contribute to dangerously widespread antibiotic resistance since ancient times. Achiella millefolium, Aloe vera, Althaea officinalis, Calendula officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, Curcuma longa, Eucalyptus, Jojoba, plantain, pine, green tea, pomegranate, and Inula are only a few of the many commonly used botanicals in the Northern Hemisphere for wound healing. This article discusses the most popular medicinal plants of the Northern Hemisphere used for wound healing, and it also offers suggestions for effective natural alternatives.
... The results showed that on the eighth day after the wound was formed, the extract-treated group had a 90.0% wound closure rate (in contrast to the control group's 51.1% wound closure), and the hydroxyproline and hexosamine contents were significantly higher in the extract-treated group than in the untreated group( Figure 6) [61].Moreover, Calendula ointment can be used to accelerate cesarean recovery since it significantly speeds up the healing of cesarean wounds [62]. ...
... Effects of Calendula officinalis extract on wound closure, regeneration, hydroxyl proline, and hexosamine content in rat models[61]. ...
The skin serves as the body’s first line of defense, guarding against mechanical, chemical, and thermal damage to the interior organs. It includes a highly developed immune response that serves as a barrier against pathogenic infections. Wound healing is a dynamic process underpinned by numerous cellular activities, including homeostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, that require proper harmonious integration to effectively repair the damaged tissue. Following cutaneous damage, microorganisms can quickly enter the tissues beneath the skin, which can result in chronic wounds and fatal infections. Natural phytomedicines that possess considerable pharmacological properties have been widely and effectively employed forwound treatment and infection prevention. Since ancient times, phytotherapy has been able to efficiently treat cutaneous wounds, reduce the onset of infections, and minimize the usage of antibiotics that cause critical antibiotic resistance. There are a remarkable number of wound-healing botanicals that have been widely used in the Northern Hemisphere, including Achiella millefolium, Aloe vera, Althaea officinalis, Calendula officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, Curcuma longa, Eucalyptus, Jojoba, plantain, pine, green tea, pomegranate, and Inula. This review addresses the most often used medicinal plants from the Northern Hemisphere that facilitate the treatment of wounds, and also suggests viable natural alternatives that can be used in the field of wound care.
... Hydroxyproline content measures collagen turnover throughout the wound-healing process and assesses wound-healing therapy quality 42,44,45 . The hydroxyproline concentration in the 10% Mattan tailam nanogel treated groups was significantly greater than in the standard formulation and Nitrofurazone groups. ...
... The hydroxyproline concentration in the 10% Mattan tailam nanogel treated groups was significantly greater than in the standard formulation and Nitrofurazone groups. In the proliferation phase of the wound healing process, an increase in hydroxyproline content is directly proportional to collagen turnover 42,44,45 . The presence of a significant rise in hydroxyproline content in the group treated with 10% Mattan tailam nanogel could imply fibroblast proliferation and migration, resulting in wound constriction and closure. ...
Background:
The Mattan tailam mixture has been extensively used to heal ulcerous wounds in traditional Siddha practice. The present study aimed to synthesize a Mattan tailam nanogel and evaluate the enhancement of wound healing potential in an experimental wound model.
Methods:
Mattan tailam nanogel was synthesized using the high-energy milling approach, and characterization of nanogel and potency of wound healing was investigated. The novelty of this study was the nanogel preparation of Mattan tailam.
Results:
As expected, a synthesized novel nanogel of Mattan tailam has a distinct, prominent peak with a spherical form, is negatively charged and has an average particle size of 20-30 nm. Mattan tailam nanogel treated rats showed a remarkable reduction (p<0.001) in the wound area. On the 16th day, 10% Mattan tailam nanogel treatment resulted in a higher percentage of wound contraction. The 10% Mattan tailam nanogel group exhibited a faster epithelialization time (14.33 days) and a greater hydroxyproline concentration than the others. The topical application of 10% Mattan tailam nanogel increased tensile strength, signifying a better therapeutic indication.
Conclusion:
The present findings prove that polyherbal Mattan tailam nanogel formulation significantly improves collagen production, wound contraction, and tensile strength.
... Calendula officinalis L. is so called pot marigold and is one of the medicinal plants in the Asteraceae family. Phytochemical evaluations of Calendula officinalis showed the presence of the flavonoids, flavonol glycosides, coumarins, saponins, triterpenes, alcohol triterpenes, fatty acid esters, carotenoids, essential oils, hydrocarbons, and fatty acids [61,62]. Some studies have reported biological activities in Calendula officinalis including wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects [61,62]. ...
... Phytochemical evaluations of Calendula officinalis showed the presence of the flavonoids, flavonol glycosides, coumarins, saponins, triterpenes, alcohol triterpenes, fatty acid esters, carotenoids, essential oils, hydrocarbons, and fatty acids [61,62]. Some studies have reported biological activities in Calendula officinalis including wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects [61,62]. Farahpour [63] showed that Calendula officinalis aerial part hydroalcoholic extracts, have antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in chemical pain and anti-inflammatory tests. ...
... The topical application of C. officinalis extract is effective in different stages of wound healing, including the stimulation of collagen synthesis and tissue regeneration, as evidenced by increased levels of hydroxyproline and hexosamine. In addition, it has been revealed that the extract affects the inflammatory phase of wound healing by stimulating the NF-κB and by raising IL-8 levels, at the transcriptional and protein phase, in keratinocytes (Nicolaus et al. 2017;Preethi and Kuttan 2009). These findings highlight the potential therapeutic benefits of C. officinalis extract in wound healing. ...
The management of acute and chronic wounds resulting from diverse injuries poses a significant challenge to clinical practices and healthcare providers. Wound healing is a complex biological process driven by a natural physiological response. This process involves four distinct phases, namely hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Despite numerous investigations on wound healing and wound dressing materials, complications still persist, necessitating more efficacious therapies. Wound-healing materials can be categorized into natural and synthetic groups. The current study aims to provide a comprehensive review of highly active natural animal and herbal agents as wound-healing promoters. To this end, we present an overview of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies that led to the discovery of potential therapeutic agents for wound healing. We further elucidated the effects of natural materials on various pharmacological pathways of wound healing. The results of previous investigations suggest that natural agents hold great promise as viable and accessible products for the treatment of diverse wound types.
Graphical Abstract
... The fardiol monoester among them seems to be the principal that most directly relates to the drug's action. [33][34][35][36][37] However, for nearly a century, these elements have been employed independently or in combination in a variety of medical specialties, mainly in endodontics and pediatric dentistry. ...
... [11] This can be attributed to autolytic enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinases, released by the granulation tissue being formed. Copper stimulates the expression and secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-1 by dermal broblasts, a collagenase that degrades interstitial collagen [10]. Copper induced the upregulation of broblast growth factors secretion in full thickness wounds [9]. ...
Background: Cutaneous necrosis has a spectrum of causative agents, commonly found in the daily use / over the counter chemicals which need to be understood by clinicians and common man alike. Aim:Case series to signify non-infectious local aetiology for cutaneous necrosis due misuse of indigenous chemicals for the awareness Results: Study shows wide variety of common topical causative agents (phenol, salicylic acid, podophyllin, bleach, corn plast, ayurvedic topical preparations) with adverse effects like cutaneous necrosis in the aetiopathogenesis Conclusion: Early diagnosis and management of sudden necrosis of skin could likely manifest, therefore clear and present danger of chemical agents without medical guidance should be avoided, leading to unprecedented morbidity, as simple skin test for sensitivity has to be performed prior to such use by the medical fraternity and the common man alike, as a small prevention or a consultation would actually save the patients larger monetary loss as compared to the small amount he/she puts into nding a cheap treatment / alternative medication
... Flavonoids and phenolic acids present in marigold flowers are known to contribute to their antioxidant effects [12]. Our findings align with a previous study by Preethi et al. [13], and further support the antioxidant potential of marigold flower-based formulations. ...
Aim
To assess the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Calendula officinalis tea formulation.
Materials and methods
In this study, a formulation of 2 grams of dried marigold flower petals and 100 milliliters (ml) of distilled water was subjected to anti-inflammatory testing using albumin denaturation assay and anti-protease activity and antioxidant testing by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) assay. An independent sample t-test was done to compare the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials of marigold tea formulation and control using SPSS version 22.0 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY), and any p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
The highest anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of marigold extract were exhibited at 10 microliters (µl) and 20 µl (p-value = 0.002 and 0.000), respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity was higher than the control at all concentrations, whereas the antioxidant activity was higher at lower concentrations when compared to higher concentrations.
Conclusion
Marigold flower tea formulation exhibited better anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities than the controls and therefore could be evaluated as a potential therapeutic agent.
... In fact, various studies provide evidence that many plants used in traditional medicine, generally topically, for treating wounds is a rich source of research for new compounds that improve the overall outcome of the cutaneous wounds closure. For example, it has reported that the treatment with essential oils extracted from Rosmarinus officinalis, Aloe vera, Calendula officinalis and Croton zenhtneri extracts act in different targets of one or more phases of wound healing, including activation of transcription factors, increase of anti-inflammatory mediators and reduction of pro-inflammatory mediators during the inflammatory phase [19][20][21][22][23][24]. In proliferative and remodeling phases, some extracts have promoted regeneration of granulation tissue, angiogenesis and collagen deposition, accelerating the wound healing [19,20]. ...
An intense effort has been focused on new therapeutic approaches and the development of technologies for more efficient and rapid wound healing. The research for plants used for long time in traditional medicine in the treatment of wound has become a promising strategy to obtain drugs therapeutically useful in the acute and chronic wound management. In this context, Centella asiatica (Apiaceae) has been used to treat a variety of skin diseases, such as leprosy, lupus, varicose ulcers, eczema and psoriasis, in Asiatic traditional medicine for thousands of years. Studies have shown that Centella asiatica extracts (CAE) display activity in tissue regeneration, cell migration and wound repair process by promoting fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. Preliminary findings have shown that the asiatic acid is one of the main active constituents of C. asiatica, directly associated with its healing activity. Thus, this study discusses aspects of the effects of Centella asiatica and its active component, asiatic acid, in different stages of the healing process of cutaneous wounds, including phytochemical and antimicrobial aspects that contribute to its therapeutic potential.
... It has been reported that turmeric, whose main component is curcumin, increases granulation tissue formation, collagen deposition, tissue remodelling, and wound contraction, thereby shortening the healing process of the wound (Panchatcharam et al. 2006;Madhyastha et al. 2010). It has been reported that after being topically applied to the surgical wounds of experimental animals, calendula, containing triterpendiol esters, saponins, and flavonoids, leads to faster epithelialisation and increases fibroblast proliferation (Fronza et al. 2009;Preethi and Kuttan 2009). Avocado oil is rich in linoleic acid, linolenic acid, oleic acid, β-sitosterol, β-carotene, lecithin, minerals, and vitamins such as A, C, D and E (de Oliveira et al. 2013). ...
In this study, the effects of Aloe vera gel and coconut oil on wound healing were investigated and compared in rats. Forty-two Wistar albino rats were used during the experiment, in which they were operated on under general anaesthesia to create two full-thickness open skin wounds (created with a 0.5 cm diameter punch biopsy apparatus) on both back sides of the median line. A total of 42 rats were divided into three groups of 14 animals each to receive the topical application of Aloe vera gel (AV group - n = 14), coconut oil (CO group - n = 14) and cold cream (CONT group - n = 14). The medical applications were performed twice a day in all the groups. The wound borders were marked on a transparent sheet every day. Afterwards, this sheet was transferred to the millimetre graph paper. On days 0, 7, and 14, the unhealed wound area was measured in all the groups. On days 7 and 14, seven rats in each group were euthanised. Then, skin samples including the intact skin were taken from the wound sites for histopathological and biochemical evaluations. The topical application of Aloe vera gel showed a significant increase in the healing process of the open wounds in terms of the clinical evaluation, histopathological and biochemical data averages when compared with the coconut oil and cold cream groups of rats (P < 0.05). The results obtained in the present study demonstrate that Aloe vera gel may provide a good alternative for the treatment of open wounds.
... As mentioned earlier active biomolecules such as flavonoids, triterpenes, alkaloids, tannins, and others stimulate wound healing. Moreover, because of its antibacterial action, C.officinalis may also cause increased cross-linking and inhibition of collagen degrading enzymes, free radical scavenging action, and suppression of inflammation (16). ...
Calendula officinalis L., a member of the Asteraceae family, is often known as English Marigold or Pot Marigold. Marigold is an annual or perennial herb traditionally used to treat wounds, ulcers, herpes, scars, skin damage, frostbite, and blood purification. It is mainly used to treat disorders as an anti-diabetic, anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activity because of its numerous biological properties. This plant has a high concentration of medicinally active substances such as carotenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids and sterols, quinines, volatile oil, and amino acids. The plant extract, as well as the pure compound derived from it, has been shown to have a variety of pharmacological properties, including anti-cytotoxic, hepatoprotective, and spasmolytic effects, among others. It is used to treat oral mucositis, angular cheilitis, periodontal bone loss, leukoplakia and also used as a root canal irrigant, intracanal medicament, and anti-plaque agent in dentistry. It also helps to heal and manage microbial plaque in gingivitis and periodontitis, boosting immunity. The most significant obstacle and concern is the lack of knowledge regarding the effects of C.officinalis on oral tissues, their mechanisms of action, and their adverse effects. Hence, this review has explored the various medicinal properties of C.officinalis useful in the multiple fields of dentistry.
... The days needed for re-epithelization were 17.7 for the control animals; while, extract treatment at a dose of 20 or 100 mg/kg bw reduced the period to 14 and 13 days, respectively. A significant increase was observed in the hydroxy proline and hexosamine content in the extracttreated group compared with the untreated animals (105) . ...
Herbal plants provide a rich source for health care to prevent and treat different pathological states. Calendula officinalis is an aromatic, erect, annual herb belong to the family asteraceae, it contained a wide range of chemical constituents including saponins, tritrpenes, triterpendiol esters, flavonoids, steroids, tannin, quinines, coumarins, carotenoids, amino acids, polysaccharides, essential and volatile oils and many other chemical groups. Calendula officinalis exerted many therapeutic effects including antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, antiviral, cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective , gastroprotective, wound healing and many other effects. The present review will highlight the chemical constituents and the pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Calendula officinalis.
... The days needed for re-epithelization were 17.7 for the control animals; while, extract treatment at a dose of 20 or 100 mg/kg bw reduced the period to 14 and 13 days, respectively. A significant increase was observed in the hydroxy proline and hexosamine content in the extract-treated group compared with the untreated animals [106]. ...
Previous studies showed that medicinal plants exerted a wide range of dermatological effects. These plants included: Adiantum capillus-veneris, Agrimonia eupatoria, Allium sativum, Aloe vera, Ammannia baccifera, Ammi majus, Ammi visnaga, Bauhinia variegate, Bellis perennis, Bidens tripartite, Bryophyllum calycinum, Caesalpinia crista, Calamintha graveolens, Calendula officinalis, Calotropis procera, Capparis spinosa, Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens, Carthamus tinctorius, and Cassia occidentalis. This review was designed to highlight the dermatological effects of these medicinal plants.
... In vitro studies demonstrated that calendula significantly stimulated the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts, upregulated the expression of growth factors (CTGF, TGFβ1, and bFGF), and αsmooth muscle actin (α-SMA) (Fronza et al., 2009;Dinda et al., 2015;Dinda et al., 2016;Hormozi et al., 2019). In vivo studies found that it can accelerate re-epithelization, enhance angiogenesis, and promote collagen deposition (Preethi and Kuttan, 2009;Parente et al., 2011). ...
Chronic and unhealed wound is a serious public problem, which brings severe economic burdens and psychological pressure to patients. Various botanical drugs in traditional Chinese medicine have been used for the treatment of wounds since ancient time. Nowadays, multiple wound healing therapeutics derived from botanical drugs are commercially available worldwide. An increasing number of investigations have been conducted to elucidate the wound healing activities and the potential mechanisms of botanical drugs in recent years. The aim of this review is to summarize the botanical drugs in traditional Chinese medicine with wound healing properties and the underlying mechanisms of them, which can contribute to the research of wound healing and drug development. Taken together, five botanical drugs that have been developed into commercially available products, and 24 botanical drugs with excellent wound healing activities and several multiherbal preparations are reviewed in this article.
... Ekstrak etanol (EE) serta ekstrak air (AE) secara signifikan mengurangi aktivitas kolagenase dibandingkan dengan kontrol pelarut dengan cara yang bergantung pada konsentrasi, tetapi penghambatannya hanya sedang. Konsentrasi AE 500 g/ml mengurangi aktivitas kolagenase menjadi 45,34% ± 1,96 (SEM), sedangkan konsentrasi EE yang lebih rendah, 100 g/ml, (Preethi, 2009) dan penurunan waktu reepitelisasi pada kelompok perlakuan (14 hari pada 20 mg/kg dan 13 hari pada 100 mg/kg vs. 17,7 hari pada kontrol) juga diamati. Pemeriksaan makroskopik menunjukkan dapat mengurangi luas permukaan ulkus pada kelompok Calendula dibandingkan dengan kontrol dari 4 hari pasca cedera. ...
Luka merupakan salah satu masalah medis yang berkembang secara global yang membutuhkan terapi perawatan kulit yang khusus. Calendula officinalis memiliki banyak sifat farmakologis, seperti digunakan untuk pengobatan gangguan kulit, nyeri dan juga sebagai bakterisida, antiseptik dan anti-inflamasi. Literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut mengenai keefektifitasan Calendula officinalis dalam penyembuhan luka dalam uji klinis manusia. Penelitian ini merupakan literatur review yang melibatkan berbagai sumber pustaka dengan kata kunci yang digunakan ‘calendula officinalis dan terapi penyembuhan luka di kulit’ dengan tahun terbit antara 2008 - 2019. Literatur berupa 15 jurnal dibaca kemudian dicermati, selanjutnya dilakukan analisis terhadap hasil/temuan dan pembahasan penelitian. Ada beberapa bukti efektivitas penggunaan ekstrak Calendula officinalis untuk manajemen luka pada kulit. Data yang disajikan dalam ulasan ini mendukung studi lanjutan tentang penggunaan salep yang mengandung ekstrak Calendula officinalis selama penyembuhan luka. Calendula officinalis dapat mencegah komplikasi luka karena mengandung metabolit sekunder, yang dapat mendukung penyembuhan luka.
... Calendula officinalis is prepared from fresh flowering tops and leaves of the plant. In different in vitro studies, Calendula officinalis showed antibacterial activity when used in mother tincture form and the extract from the flowers of Calendula officinalis also showed wound healing properties when tested on rats [9,[11][12][13]. Carcinosinum is a nosode from carcinoma [7]. ...
... Calendula officinalis extracts exhibit a complex composition which includes polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids and triterpene alcohols, both as free and esterified forms [135]. The flower extract was tested orally and topically on excision wounds in rats and assessed in terms of re-epithelization and wound closure percentage [136]; the percentage of wound closure almost doubled in the presence of the vegetal extract compared to control and the time interval needed for re-epithelization was reduced significantly. Buzzi et al. assessed in 2016 the therapeutic effects of Plenus dermax, a bioactive extract of Calendula officinalis, in venous leg ulcer healing; the extract contains a mixture of flavonoids, terpene alcohol and triterpenoid monoesters, which are known to act against skin oedema and inflammation and to promote wound healing [137]. ...
Wounds are among the most common skin conditions, displaying a large etiological diversity and being characterized by different degrees of severity. Wound healing is a complex process that involves multiple steps such as inflammation, proliferation and maturation and ends with scar formation. Since ancient times, a widely used option for treating skin wounds are plant- based treatments which currently have become the subject of modern pharmaceutical formulations. Triterpenes with tetracyclic and pentacyclic structure are extensively studied for their implication in wound healing as well as to determine their molecular mechanisms of action. The current review aims to summarize the main results of in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies conducted on lupane, ursane, oleanane, dammarane, lanostane and cycloartane type triterpenes as potential wound healing treatments.
... The days needed for re-epithelization were 17.7 for the control animals; while, extract treatment at a dose of 20 or 100 mg/kg bw reduced the period to 14 and 13 days, respectively. A significant increase was observed in the hydroxy proline and hexosamine content in the extract-treated group compared with the untreated animals [106]. ...
Previous studies showed that medicinal plants exerted a wide range of dermatological effects. These plants included:. This review was designed to highlight the dermatological effects of these medicinal plants.
... The days needed for re-epithelization were 17.7 for the control animals; while, extract treatment at a dose of 20 or 100 mg/kg bw reduced the period to 14 and 13 days, respectively. A significant increase was observed in the hydroxy proline and hexosamine content in the extracttreated group compared with the untreated animals (105) . ...
Herbal plants provide a rich source for health care to prevent and treat different pathological states. Calendula officinalis is an aromatic, erect, annual herb belong to the family asteraceae, it contained a wide range of chemical constituents including saponins, tritrpenes, triterpendiol esters, flavonoids, steroids, tannin, quinines, coumarins, carotenoids, amino acids, polysaccharides, essential and volatile oils and many other chemical groups. Calendula officinalis exerted many therapeutic effects including antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, antiviral, cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective , gastroprotective, wound healing and many other effects. The present review will highlight the chemical constituents and the pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Calendula officinalis.
... Calendula is a popular and safe traditional herbal medicine in primary care in Europe for treatment of minor wounds and burns and is also used widely in cosmetic products. [10][11][12] The purported bioactive compounds of Calendula include triterpenoid monoesters, terpene alcohols and carotenoids, which may have antioxidant properties 13,14 and act to enhance re-epithelialisation. [15][16][17] In 2013, consensus guidelines from the Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer, the use of Calendula for RID was not supported due to insufficient evidence. 18 A systematic review of RID did not recommend routine use of Calendula but noted clinicians could offer use for additional symptomatic relief. ...
Objectives:
A randomised controlled trial was undertaken to compare the efficacy of topical Calendula officinalis (Calendula) versus standard of care (Sorbolene: 10% glycerine in cetomacragol cream) in reducing the prevalence of radiation-induced dermatitis in women undergoing breast cancer radiotherapy.
Methods:
A total of 271 women were screened and 82 were randomised. The primary outcome was prevalence of acute radiation-induced dermatitis (RTOG grade 2+) assessed at multiple skin sites. A chi-squared test was conducted for the primary outcome with a worst-case scenario imputation.
Results:
The recruitment target (n = 178) was not achieved. A total of n = 81 participants were analysed (n = 40 Calendula; n = 41 Sorbolene). There was no detectable difference in prevalence of radiation-induced dermatitis grade 2+ between the Calendula (53%) and Sorbolene (62%) groups (primary analysis OR = 0.87, 95% CI: [0.36, 2.09], P = 0.92; covariate adjusted complete case analysis OR 0.40, 95% CI: [0.13, 1.20], P = 0.10).
Conclusion:
This randomised controlled trial showed no difference between Calendula and standard of care (Sorbolene) for the prevention of radiation-induced dermatitis. However, the study was underpowered (limited recruitment) for the primary comparison.
... In the same approach, Fallah et al, 2015 added curcumin to the PCL/Gel during electrospinning for antibacterial effects [48]. C. officinalis is a frequently used medicinal plant approved by many previous publications for possessing the incredible wound healing enhancement mainly because of its antibacterial, antioxidant and mostly anti-inflammation effects and even angiogenic effects [49][50][51][52]. In this research, we have applied an electrospinning method to fabricate a nanofiber from polycaprolactone-gelatin polymer mixture. ...
Wound dressing applications of nanofibers is a progressive filed of research which could be enhanced by using medicinal plant extract to bring some more advantages. Here we optimized the electrospinning method for fabrication of polycaprolactone-gelatin mixed with a medicinal plant extract, calendula offlcinalis. Characterization techniques including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), and contact angle analysis were performed on the electrospun nanofibers to achieve the best formulation proper for wound dressing. In results, the concentration 12 % (W/V) with applied voltage of 20 KV and 13 cm of distance between needle and collector, does poses the lowest diameters with highest porosity among others. The hydrophilicity of the nanofibers was enhanced by adding the calendula extract. In addition, the analysis of mechanical strength showed that the elasticity of PCL/Gelatin/Calendula nanofibers are still acceptable. Overall, the results of characterization tests were approved that the electrospun nanofibers of PCL/Gelatin/Calendula does have appropriate characteristics to be used as wound dressing and could be suggested to clinicians.
... Burns, wounds, pimples, skin spots, skin infections (Cavero et al., 2013), burns, bruises, cuts, rashes, wounds (Brown and Dattner, 1998) anti-burns (Pieroni et al., 2004), disinfectants (Mardani, 2017), wound healing (Mustafa et al., 2015;Kozuharova et al., 2013), acne (Mishra, 2011), burns, inflammations and moisturizer (Bakhtiyari and Radan, 2013) Ethyl alcohols extract of flowers / Thermal burn in female Wistar rats (Chandran and Kuttan, 2008). Ethyl alcohols extract of flower / excision in female Wistar rats (Preethi and Kuttan, 2009). Ethanolic extract, dichloromethane and hexanic fractions of the flowers / excision in Wistar female rats (Parente et al., 2012) The flower powder mixed with the honey is applied as a poultice on the burns. ...
Moroccan herbalists use a very important range of medicinal plants to cure skin burns. These traditional healers rely mainly on their ancestral knowledge to prescribe recipes for an alternative, the reduction or to heal the skin burns. Unfortunately, no ethnopharmacological survey of plants used in the treatment of skin burns has been carried out in Morocco. This study describes the traditional practices for the use of medicinal plants against skin burns in six cities in the Rabat region (Rabat, Salé, Temara, Skhirat, Khemmisset, and Tiflet) for future pharmacological validations. The survey was carried out between September 2015 and April 2018 by means of semistructured questionnaires in the region of Rabat. The survey was carried out among traditional herbalists, which were recorded in the studied areas. These traditional herbalists are specialists in the sale and use of medicinal plants, diagnosing and treating diseases based on the symptoms. A total of 65 herbalists from North-Western Morocco were involved in the study. Thirty-six species belonging to 35 genera and 23 botanical families were recorded. Twenty plants were reported for the first time as used in the traditional treatment of skin burns in Morocco. It was found that Lamiaceae and Asteraceae are the two families most recommended by herbalists questioned to heal skin burns. The most frequently cited plant species are Pinus halepensis, Cynara humilis and Salvia verbenaca. Leaves were the most cited plant part used and the pulverization of the plant is the preferred mode of preparation. The powder is sprinkled directly on the burns in most of the treatments. The results of the present study showed the importance of the use of medicinal plants to heal skin burns. This document is the first database of medicinal plants with anti-burn properties conducted at the national level. These plants can be used in the search for new bioactive substances through pharmacochemical studies.
... Moreover, this plant is highly effective for the prevention of acute dermatitis of grade 2, which occurs after postoperative irradiation for breast cancer, demonstrating its anti-inflammatory properties (Pommier et al., 2004). The extract of the flowers of this plant is also broadly recognized by its wound-healing promoting effects (Preethi and Kuttan, 2011). The multiplicity of pharmacological activities of this species on the skin agrees with its wide use on the Purépecha Plateau for dermatological conditions. ...
... From an economic aspect, the importance of these genera has been increasing for the past few years. Nowadays they have also become important for food and feed enrichments due to their valuable bioactive compounds, thanks to the seed chemical composition (Barbour et al. 2004;Suchý et al. 2008;Preethi and Kuttan 2009;Harvey et al. 2013). Although both plants belong to the Asteraceae family, they have different ecological requirements from seed to plant life cycle (Fenner 2012). ...
Salinity is a major problem of many agricultural lands that is usually associated with drought stress in arid and semi-arid regions. In this study we examine the role of salinity stress on temperature requirements of two herbaceous species and how it could be modeled to quantify alterations. We applied four non-linear regression models (segmented, beta, beta modified, and dent-like) to describe the germination rate–temperature relationships of Silybum marinum L. and Calendua officinalis L. over six constant temperatures exposed to different levels of salinity stress. Our results revealed that salinity could affect the cardinal temperatures in both plants and, as a result, it is not possible to suggest one model for all levels of salinity stress. The best model to fit data to predict cardinal temperatures of Silybum marianum and Calendula officinalis at the no-salinity condition were dent-like (AICc = 4.03) and beta (AICc = − 2.30), respectively. Knowing the thermal time constant (fo) value helps us predict the minimum number of hours required for completion of germination at the optimal temperature. All models in this study were estimated higher fo due to higher salinity stress in both Silybum marianum and Calendula officinalis seeds. The highest estimated fo for Silybum marianum (91.5 ± 59.6) and Calendula officinalis (178.9 ± 26.5) was obtained from the results of germination rate prediction using a dent-like model at 200 mM salinity.
Since the beginning of time, creams have been used as topical medicines because they are simple to apply to the skin and remove. Pharmaceutical creams are used for many different things. They may be used cosmetically for things like cleaning, beautifying, changing appearance, hydrating, etc., or they can be used to protect skin from bacterial and fungal infections and to treat cuts, burns, and wounds. While human skin frequently gets damaged, it is also capable of healing itself. However, infection is a possibility, particularly in the early stages of an injury, and the natural healing process may take some time. In this case, creams can be administered to the wounded site for faster healing and protect against infection. In this review we have studied pharmaceutical wound healing creams with wound healing process, methods of preparation of creams, classifications based on heir function, characteristics, ingredient of cream and their evaluation parameter.
This article presents a comprehensive overview of the utilisation of nanotechnology in the cosmetics industry, with a specific focus on developing nanoparticles for the efficient delivery of active ingredients through skin penetration. The review delves into incorporating natural ingredients in cosmetics, exploring their therapeutic properties and the advantages and limitations associated with their use. Furthermore, the article examines the benefits of integrating natural ingredients into skincare products to enhance skin conditions, highlighting the application of nonfibrous technology in areas such as UV protection, anti-ageing effects, moisturisation improvement, and wound healing. Ultimately, the article emphasises the immense potential of nanotechnology to create innovative opportunities and positive societal impacts across various industries.
Natural ingredients have been used for centuries for skin treatment and care. Interest in the health effects of plants has recently increased due to their safety and applicability in the formulation of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Long-known plant materials as well as newly discovered ones are increasingly being used in natural products of plant origin. This review highlights the beneficial effects of plants and plant constituents on the skin, including moisturizing (e.g., Cannabis sativa, Hydrangea serrata, Pradosia mutisii and Carthamus tinctorius), anti-aging (e.g., Aegopodium podagraria, Euphorbia characias, Premna odorata and Warburgia salutaris), antimicrobial (e.g., Betula pendula and Epilobium angustifolium), antioxidant (e.g., Kadsura coccinea, Rosmarinus officinalis, Rubus idaeus and Spatholobus suberectus), anti-inflammatory (e.g., Antidesma thwaitesianum, Helianthus annuus, Oenanthe javanica, Penthorum chinense, Ranunculus bulumei and Zanthoxylum bungeanum), regenerative (e.g., Aloe vera, Angelica polymorpha, Digitaria ciliaris, Glycyrrihza glabra and Marantodes pumilum), wound healing (e.g., Agrimonia eupatoria, Astragalus floccosus, Bursera morelensis, Jatropha neopauciflora and Sapindus mukorossi), photoprotective (e.g., Astragalus gombiformis, Calea fruticose, Euphorbia characias and Posoqueria latifolia) and anti-tyrosinase activity (e.g., Aerva lanata, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Dodonaea viscosa, Lonicera japonica and Schisandra chinensis), as well as their role as excipients in cosmetics (coloring (e.g., Beta vulgaris, Centaurea cyanus, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Rubia tinctiorum), protective and aromatic agents (e.g., Hyssopus officinalis, Melaleuca alternifolia, Pelargonium graveolens and Verbena officinalis)).
The process of wound healing involves the repair or remodeling of damaged tissue as a result of wound injury caused by external trauma. Wounds are disruptions in the structure and function of the skin. The use of plants and plant components for the treatment and management of wounds has been widespread throughout history. Some pathogenic organisms have an imperative biological role against plant-derived products, and modern drugs were regarded as being derived from plants. In developing countries, rural residents rely on traditional herbal medicine due to their strong belief in herbal medicine and limited access to allopathic medications.The purpose of this review article is to compile a list of medicinal plants that have received reports that they have been beneficial in the treatment of wounds. Moreover, various formulations which have been patented and published by a variety of inventors have been discussed methodically in relation to plant constituent-based wound dressings. This report is designed to provide researchers and scientists with an overview of the collected data so that they can gain a better understanding of the role and value of plant-based components in wound treatment and management.
To achieve the purpose of this study 40 male college level volleyball players who were in various colleges of tehsil Devsar of district Kulgam, Jammu and Kashmir were randomly selected as subjects. The age ranged from 17-23. The selected subjects were divided into two groups and each group consists of 20 subjects, that is 20 subjects for experimental group and 20 subjects for control group.
Background
: Calendula officinalis L. (Compositae) is a Mediterranean annual plant widely used for its versatile biological activities.
Objective
: A bibliometric study of research data conducted from 1971 to 2021 was conducted. Methods: Bibliographic data was retrieved from the Scopus database and analyzed using VOSviewer and MS Excel. Polynomial regression was used to assess the annual production of research documents related to C. officinalis.
Results
: A total of 1252 journal articles and conference papers were published by 4452 authors, originated from 98 countries and disseminated in 706 sources. Iran (n = 131), Brazil (n = 119), India (n = 113), Poland (n = n = 112), and Italy (n = 72) are the top-publishing countries. Journal of Ethnopharmacology is the top-cited journal, while Italy is the top-cited country. Steady growth was observed in the last fifty years, from 1971 to 2021. The anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, and anti-microbial properties are among the most prolific studies that have been conducted on this plant. Extensive research has been carried out on antioxidant compounds, terpenes, and volatile oils. Skin care and wound healing are the most common clinical applications. Co-citation analysis, keywords co-occurrence, and bibliographic coupling revealed diverse knowledge structures and intellectual dynamics.
Conclusion
: This comprehensive bibliometric study indicates that Calendula officinalis received significant research. The structured information may help understand research trends and locate this plant's research hot spots and gaps.
Wound healing is a biological and biochemical process that restores damaged tissue's natural structure and functioning. Healing is a natural process in which the body heals itself from tissue damage. Healing takes a long time, and the risk of microbial infection is significant. Shortening the time it takes to heal or minimising the negative repercussions are two ways to improve the healing process. India has a long history of herbal medicine in its healthcare system. Several herbs and medicinal plants that have been found to be effective wound healers have been identified and prepared for wound therapy and management. Throughout history, several herbal preparations have been employed in the management and treatment of wounds. The purpose of this assessment is to highlight several medicinal plants from the Chandoli region that have been scientifically proven to be effective in the treatment of cuts and wounds as a wound healer.
Calendula officinalis (Calendula), a member of the Asteraceae family, is often known as English Marigold or Pot Marigold. Marigold
is a fragrant herb that has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. Calendula species have been highlighted in order to
better understand their diverse biological activities and modes of action. Carotenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids and sterols,
quinines, volatile oil, and amino acids are all found in abundance in this plant. Calendula oil is still used as an antitumour agent in
medicine, which is also a wound healing agent. Among herbal medicines, Calendula suspension or tincture is used to treat acne
locally, reduce inflammation, control bleeding and soothe irritated tissues. This Calendula plant’s extract, a pure chemical extracted
from it, have been shown to have a variety of pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory, antioedematous, antioxidant
activity, antibacterial and antifungal activity, anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and antiviral activity, wound healing and
immunostimulant activity. Anticytotoxic, hepatoprotective, spasmolytic properties and also impacts on exhibiting increased levels
of proinflammatory cytokines Interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-alpha and Interferons (IFN)-gamma and
acute phase protein, C-reactive protein. C.officinalis may have an important future impact on the development of new cancer
treatment strategies, and until now it has been specifically used to reduce the side-effects of radiotherapy. This review looked
at the organoleptic, in-vitro, and in-vivo pharmacological activities, as well as the description, cultivation, and active chemical
constituents of Calendula officinalis in order to fill in the gaps in current knowledge about this plant and to highlight its potential
applications as a medicinal agent.
A large portion of the world's population relies on herbs for medical purposes today. About 25-30% of modern drugs are chemical intermediates derived from plant constituents. Traditional medicinal plant preparations are frequently utilised for wound healing, encompassing a wide range of skin-related disorders. In wound management, herbal medicine entails cleaning, debridement, and the creation of an environment that promotes natural healing. This review discusses wound, healing of the wound, allopathic treatment in wound healing, types of herbal medicines used in the treatment of wound healing and common excipients used in topical herbal formulations. In this article, we look at 15 plants that have been utilised as wound healers in traditional medicine around the world. This study is an attempt to search the difficulties and challenges of herbal formulations need for novel drug delivery system nanocarriers for herbal remedies with other nanotechnology strategies and techniques as a new drug delivery system and its future prospective. The purpose of this review is to examine the most common excipients used in herbal formulations, as well as various medicinal plants traditionally used in wound healing, wound healing difficulties and challenges, the use of nanotechnology in herbal formulation, the future scope of herbal medicines in wound healing, and a comparison of allopathy and herbal formulations.
Over recent years, there has been tremendous research focused on the effective utilization of natural products in wound management. Natural or herbal products contain several phytoconstituents that may act on various stages in wound healing and thereby provide a multi-targeted approach especially in the treatment of chronic wounds. Currently, attempts have been made to screen the phytoconstituents present in herbs on various targets involved in wound healing. This review includes a systematic evaluation of scientific reports by various groups of researchers on the herbals evaluated for wound management, their phytochemical profiling, pre-clinical studies, and molecular modeling studies. Various wound targets discussed include Interleukin-1, Interleukin-6, Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Thymosin beta-4 (Tβ-4) that regulate the early inflammatory stage and the novel T cell immune response cDNA 7(TIRC7) that regulates angiogenesis. Also, neuropeptides P and Y act on the inflammatory, migratory, and proliferation phases, and growth factors like vascular endothelial growth factor family (VEGF) and placental growth factor family (PGF) are involved in angiogenesis, while the role of Fibroblast growth factor in tissue remodeling is discussed. As many of the natural products include polyherbal systems, this approach can help in the judicious selection of a combination of herbs that will act on multiple targets in the wound healing process and provide a multi-factorial approach in wound management.
Total wound care is an unmet therapeutic need considering the morbidity and mortality associated with the rising prevalence of nonhealing/chronic wounds. Current wound management fails to address all aspects/types of wounds despite the availability of scores of traditional and modern, investigational products. Traditional medicine drugs of wound healing repute validated to target multiple biological pathways and key events in the mammalian wound healing cascade, reportedly affecting wound healing phases. Advances in the development of biocomposite matrices and their analytical characterization warrant a relook at consolidating time-tested wound healing properties of herbal bioactives for prospective development as ethical wound care products. Aside from the bottlenecks of their multiconstituent profiling and clinical trial data generation, regulatory hurdles also cloister any systematic attempts at their re-engineering into clinical deliverables. In the context of national policy changes to bring in totally indigenous solutions, countries with a huge knowledge/material resource on wound healing bioactives need to essentially facilitate the same.
Wound healing is a complex process that consists of several phases that range from hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation (tissue remodeling). Failure in the wound healing process leads to the progression of nonhealing chronic wounds. The wound healing process is affected by many factors including age and sex hormones, nutrition, oxygenation, stress, diabetes, obesity, infection, medications, alcoholism, and smoking and it leads to the development of chronic wounds. Most of the chronic wounds are ulcers associated with diabetes mellitus, ischemia, and venous stasis disease. Also, resistance to bacterial infection, protein adsorption, and increased levels of exudates are delaying the wound healing process. Hence, the researchers are searching for new molecules for the management of nonhealing chronic wounds. The new drug candidates can be discovered from either natural resources or chemical synthesis. In this chapter, the importance of natural sources for the discovery of drug candidates for the management of wounds is discussed.
Despite advances in health care, dental caries, periodontal problems, various mucosal diseases and oral cancers are among the most common oral health problems and these diseases remain a global health problem all over the world. In addition to the current preventive treatments, safe, effective and economical alternative medical products are needed for the treatment of oral diseases. There are currently many commercially available agents for this purpose. However, it is also known that these chemicals cause serious side effects such as altering oral microbiota and developing bacterial resistance. Therefore, patients and dentists have become increasingly interested in natural phytopharmaceuticals, which are considered safer in terms of side effects. The fact that a single phytopharmaceutical has a complex chemical composition that can exhibit many different effects such as antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal activity offers a promising approach in preventive and therapeutic strategies. İn dentistry, identification of phytocompounds which have potential use in oral diseases, also offers more rational and natural treatment options with standardization and characterization of natural products. In this study, we aim to inform dentists and patients about the use of phytopharmaceuticals in the treatment of oral diseases by integrating them with today's technology in the light of scientific studies on the benefits of plant derivatives.
Creams are considered an important part of cosmetic product as topical preparations from time immemorial due to their ease of application to the skin and also their removal. From cosmetic purposes, Pharmaceutical creams have a variety of applications such as cleansing, beautifying, altering appearance, moisturizing etc. to skin protection against bacterial, fungal infections as well as healing cuts, burns, wounds on the skin. These semi solid preparations are safe to use by the public and society. The human skin is easily vulnerable to injury but it has the capability to heal on its own. However, the natural healing process can take time and there is also risk of infection especially in the early stages of injury. In such cases, medicated creams can be applied to the site of injury to speed up the healing process as well as protect the wound from infection. In this review, we have focused on the use of topical drug delivery system i.e. pharmaceutical creams for wound healing with detailed discussion relating to the wound healing process, suitable methods of preparation of creams, their classification based on their function, their advantages and disadvantages, characteristics and the various types of creams, ingredients used in the formulation of creams and their various evaluation parameters. Keywords: Creams, Skin, Topical drug delivery system, Wound healing
This research was carried out in the nursery of the municipality of Najaf for two seasons ( 2006-2007 ) and ( 2007-2008 ) to study the effect of planting date and fertilization with Nitrogen as ( Urea ) and ( NPK ) on the quantity and quality of the Volatile oils extracted from three medicinal and aromatic plants ( Wormwood , marigold and Chamomile ) that belong to the family Asteraceae .Plants planted in three separated experiments using Randomized Complete Block Design ( RCBD ) with three replicates by two factors , the first, three levels of nitrogen fertilizer as ( Urea ) were (0 , 125 and 250 kg fertilizer / ha ) , and the second factor , three levels of Superphosphate fertilizer as ( 0 , 200 and 400 kg / ha). Data analyzed by using ( Genstat , 2007 ) System and the averages were compared to Duncans test at probability of 5 % .The Volatile oils extracted from the flowers of the three
plants species by steam distillation method , some physical characteristics as ( Refractive index , Density and Specific gravity ) were studied . The results showed that volatile oil percentage of worm wood plants have been higher than those of ( marigold and chamomile ) oils , while the volatile oil of marigold characterized by high specific gravity value comparing with other oils . While there are no any differences in other two physical properties ( Density and Refractive index ) in the three volatile oils .
There is increasing public interest in natural or herbal‐based healthcare products. This trend is not only visible in supermarkets and dental practices, but also in the scientific world. An improving number of clinical trials are being conducted to validate the claims made about these products in regards to periodontal health. Among single component preparations, Aloe vera and green tea are the most studied natural ingredients. Concerning polyherbal mixtures, triphala has garnered great interest. The effects of these natural products on periodontal health is encouraging, with almost all studies showing an inhibitory effect on plaque accumulation and an improvement in gingival health. However, more studies are needed to be able to design clinical guidelines to guide the use of these natural products in periodontal practice. For most of these products, few studies are available and, moreover, the available studies are limited in duration, the number of participants, and the specific composition of the natural product is often not described in detail.
Calendulae flos is a valued plant material with known anti-inflammatory and antimicrobiological properties. The limitation for its use in the treatment of chronic wounds is the lack of adhesion to the required site of action. Obtaining the Calendulae flos lyophilized extract from water-ethanolic extract allowed to prepare valuable material whose biological activity in the wound healing process was confirmed by a positive result of the scratch test. The Calendulae flos lyophilized extract was standardized for the contents of the chlorogenic acid and the narcissin. The significant potency of the Calendulae flos pharmacological activity has become the reason for studies on its novel applications in combination with the multifunctional chitosan carrier, to create a new, valuable solution in the treatment of chronic wounds. The use of chitosan as a carrier allowed for the controlled release of the chlorogenic acid and the narcissin. These substances, characterized by prolonged release from the chitosan delivery system, were identified as well permeable, based on the results of the studies of the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA Skin) a model simulating permeability through membrane skin. The combination of the Calendulae flos lyophilized extract and the chitosan allowed for synergy of action towards hyaluronidase inhibition and effective microbiological activity. Optimization of the hypromellose hydrogel preparation ensuring the required rheological properties necessary for the release of the chlorogenic acid and the narcissin from the chitosan delivery system, as well as demonstrated antimicrobial activity allows indicating formulations of 3% Calendulae flos lyophilized extract with chitosan 80/500 in weight ratio 1:1 and 2% or 3% hypromellose as an important support with high compliance of response and effectiveness for patients suffering from chronic wounds.
Creams have been used as topical preparations since time immemorial due to their ease of application to the skin and also their removal. Pharmaceutical creams have a variety of applications ranging from cosmetic purposes such as cleansing, beautifying, altering appearance, moisturizing etc. to skin protection against bacterial, fungal infections as well as healing cuts, burns, wounds on the skin. The human skin is easily vulnerable to injury but it has the capability to heal on its own. However, the natural healing process can take time and there is also risk of infection especially in the early stages of injury. In such cases, creams can be applied to the site of injury to speed up the healing process as well as protect the wound from infection. In this review of literature, we have focused on the use of pharmaceutical creams for wound healing with detailed discussion relating to the wound healing process, suitable methods of preparation of creams; their classification based on their function, characteristics and emulsion type and the various types of creams, ingredients used in the formulation of creams and their various evaluation parameters.
This volume of the International Journal of Pharmacology, Phytochemistry and Ethnomedicine shows the latest scientific researches concerned with analyses of the hypolipidemic activities of the tea extracts of Moringa oleifera Lam., Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and their blend at different concentrations, using experimental animal model; examination of the antileishmanial potential of Senna spectabilis (DC.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby to reduce the parasitic burden of macrophages infected with Leishmania sp. in vitro; evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Chrozophora rottleri (Geiseler) A. Juss. ex Spreng. extracts; determination of the effect of fermentation and germination, and the addition of sweet potato tuber paste on the chemical composition and bioavailability of Zn and Fe in kunu-zaki, a Nigerian traditional beverage; assessment of the phytochemical and antifungal efficacy in vitro of leaf and stem bark extracts of Parkia
biglobosa Benth. on the fungal pathogens isolated from infected green bean seeds obtained from the field in Akpabuyo, Cross River State, Nigeria; investigation of the new bioactive substances isolated from aqueous methanolic extract of Calendula officinalis L.; identification of the antimicrobial activity of chloroform and methanolic extracts of Opuntia cochenillifera (L.) Mill.
There are also presented several reviews which devoted to comprises scientific data concerning morphological, distribution and phytochemical characters of the genus Astragalus; discussion of the effects of most common plants (foenugreek, nigella and termis) used in Saudi Arabia and some other Arab countries as antidiabetic agents; observation from a critical point of view recent investigations in relation to islet transplantation performed upon primate, porcine, murine and rabbit models.
Several medicinal plants possessed a wide range of dermatological effects included antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, anticancer, hair growth-promoting activity, wound healing effects, for the treatment of burns, eczema, acne, vitiligo, and psoriasis, as skin lightening, as skin protection therapy and to slow down skin ageing. The current review will discuss the medicinal plants which showed dermatological effects and applications.
Introduction: Burn injury is always associated with high morbidity and mortality depending on the percentage of burns. Slow wound healing, infection, pain, and hypertrophic scarring continue to remain a major challenge to the clinicians in the management of it. Aim: To study the burn wound healing potential of Honey, Sandal wood, Calendula and cooling with tap water on wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Fifty four rats of either sex weighing 180-200 gm were (n=6) divided into nine groups which were-Group 1: Control (Ointment base), Group 2: Honey, Group 3: Sandalwood paste, Group 4: Calendula ointment, Group 5: Honey and Sandalwood paste (H+S), Group 6: Honey and Calendula ointment (H+C), Group 7: Honey and sandalwood and Calendula (H+C+S), Group 8: cooling with tap water and Group 9: 1% Silver sulfadiazine. Rats were anaesthetised with thiopental sodium and placed in supine position touching shaved back to the bottom of tray containing hot water 90°C for 6 seconds. The animals were resuscitated with 5 mL of normal saline intra-peritoneally. Drug treatment was given according to groups topically for 25 days. Wound contraction was expressed as reduction in percentage of the original wound size. The parameters observed were epithelisation period and percentage of wound contraction. Statistical analysis was done with One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. Results: Significant improvement in wound contraction was seen in all the groups except in control and H+C+S group. Epithelisation started early in H+S combination group, significant (p<0.001) improvement with complete healing and hair growth was seen. Results of Calendula, Honey and Tap water groups were comparable with silver sulfadiazine. Conclusion: Honey, sandalwood, calendula and cooling with tap water was effective in reducing the initial damage. Honey and Sandalwood combination showed better effect with complete burn wound healing. © 2018, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. All rights reserved.
The in vitro antifungal activity of Calendula officinalis flower extracts have been investigated against Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus japonicum, Candida albicans, Candida tropicallisand Rhodotorula glutinis. The extracts of Calendula officinalis showed high degree of activity against all test fungi. The inhibitory effects of extracts are very close and identical in magnitude and are comparable with that of standard abtibiotics used.
The effects of feeding various levels and combinations of retinyl acetate, beta-carotene, or retinoic acid on skin wound healing in rats was investigated. Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a vitamin A-free diet for 2 weeks to produce marginal vitamin A status. After a paravertebral incision was made and closed with suture, one of several diets were fed for either 5 or 14 days. Surgery and recovery did not reduce liver vitamin A nor serum retinol levels compared to nonoperated pair-fed controls. Supplemental retinyl acetate feeding at five times the NRC-suggested allowance resulted in a mild, but significantly increased postmortem wound tensile strength after 5 days compared to rats fed the suggested allowance. Although a low level of retinoic acid in the diet (1.3 microgram/g diet) depressed wound strength at 5 days, a higher level (5.2 microgram/g) increased the strength 57% above controls. Still higher levels (49.1 microgram/g) did not further increase the tensile strength of the wound. beta-Carotene fed the requirement level for 5 days (with compensation made for utilization as one-sixth that of retinol) doubled wound strength compared to rats fed the requirements as retinyl acetate. Vitamin A feeding did not enhance wound strength after 14 days of feeding. It is concluded that supplemental retinyl acetate, beta-carotene, or in some cases all-trans-retinoic acid can be effective in enhancing wound strength, 5 days, but not 14 days after surgery, of young male rats with marginal vitamin A status.
In this study it was determined that a Calendula officinalis water extract can reduce the immune response to three different viruses in broiler chickens, associated with improvement in body weights.
The experiment was conducted on broiler chickens divided into two groups of 105 birds each. The first group received a Calendula officinalis water extract orally, while the second group received drinking water only. All birds in the two groups were similarly exposed to three different live vaccine viruses. Quantitative assessment of humoral immunity to each of the 3 viruses and records of bursal and thymus weight indices were taken. Performance, as observed in weight records at 21 and 41 days of age, feed conversion, and% mortality up to market age, was also evaluated.
There was a reduction in immune response to IB virus at 42 days of age, to ND virus at 29 and 42 days of age, and to IBD virus at 14, 29, and 42 days of age in the Calendula officinals-treated birds in comparison with controls. This immune reduction in Calendula officinalis-treated birds was associated with insignificant reduction in the bursal weight index at 42 days of age and an improvement in mean weights at 21 and 41 days of age; the feed conversion and mortality rates were similar in the two groups (P>0.05).
Calendula officinalis had an immunomodulation effect against three different live viruses in broiler chickens.
In post-natal life the inflammatory response is an inevitable consequence of tissue injury. Experimental studies established the dogma that inflammation is essential to the establishment of cutaneous homeostasis following injury, and in recent years information about specific subsets of inflammatory cell lineages and the cytokine network orchestrating inflammation associated with tissue repair has increased. Recently, this dogma has been challenged, and reports have raised questions on the validity of the essential prerequisite of inflammation for efficient tissue repair. Indeed, in experimental models of repair, inflammation has been shown to delay healing and to result in increased scarring. Furthermore, chronic inflammation, a hallmark of the non-healing wound, predisposes tissue to cancer development. Thus, a more detailed understanding in mechanisms controlling the inflammatory response during repair and how inflammation directs the outcome of the healing process will serve as a significant milestone in the therapy of pathological tissue repair. In this paper, we review cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling inflammation in cutaneous tissue repair and provide a rationale for targeting the inflammatory phase in order to modulate the outcome of the healing response.
An extract of Calendula officinalis. Linn. (Compositae) was evaluated for its antioxidant potential in vitro. and in vivo.. Calendula officinalis. extract was found to scavenge superoxide radicals generated by photoreduction of riboflavin and hydroxyl radicals generated by Fenton reaction and inhibited in vitro. lipid peroxidation. Concentrations needed for 50% inhibition (IC50) were 500, 480, and 2000 µg/mL, respectively. Extract scavenged ABTS radicals and DPPH radicals and IC50 were 6.5 and 100 µg/mL, respectively. IC50 values were compared with that of ginger extract, which is a standard antioxidant extract. The drug also scavenged nitric oxide, and the IC50 was found to be 575 µg/mL. Extract also produced dose-dependent scavenging of nitric oxide in culture. The oral administration of Calendula. extract inhibited superoxide generation in macrophages in vivo. by 12.6% and 38.7% at doses of 100 and 250 mg/kg b.wt. Oral administration of Calendula officinalis. to mice for 1 month significantly increased catalase activity. The extract produced significant increase in glutathione levels in blood and liver. Glutathione reductase was found to be increased, whereas glutathione peroxidase was found to be decreased after administration of Calendula. extract. These results indicated Calendula officinalis. has significant antioxidant activity in vitro. and in vivo..
Gentiana lutea Linn (Gentianaceae), commonly known as gentian, is widely used in the traditional system of medicine as an anti-inflammatory and wound healing agent. We examined the effectiveness of alcohol and petrol ether extracts of rhizomes of Gentiana lutea at 500 and 1000 mg/kg doses orally in the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, xylol-induced mouse ear edema and cotton pellet-induced chronic inflammatory models. Both extracts showed significant dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activities in all of these models. Both extracts exhibited significant wound healing activity at 300 and 500 mg/kg, p.o., in excision, resutured incision and dead space wound models.
The healing of irradiated wounds has always been a central consideration in medical practice because radiation disrupts normal response to injury, leading to a protracted recovery period. The quest for clinically effective wound healing agents is important in the medical management of irradiated wounds. Therefore, the present study was conceptualized to investigate the effect of curcumin (natural yellow, diferuloylmethane), a major yellow pigment and an active component of turmeric on wound healing in mice exposed to whole-body gamma-radiation. A full-thickness wound was created on the dorsum of mice whole-body irradiated to 2, 4, 6, or 8 Gy. The progression of wound contraction was monitored periodically by capturing video images of the wound. The collagen, hexosamine, DNA, nitric oxide, and histological profiles were evaluated at various postirradiation days in mice treated and not treated with curcumin before exposure to 0 or 6 Gy. The whole-body exposure resulted in a dose-dependent delay in wound contraction and prolongation of wound healing time. Irradiation caused a significant reduction in collagen, hexosamine, DNA, and nitric oxide synthesis. Pretreatment with curcumin significantly enhanced the rate of wound contraction, decreased mean wound healing time, increased synthesis of collagen, hexosamine, DNA, and nitric oxide and improved fibroblast and vascular densities. This study demonstrates that curcumin pretreatment has a conducive effect on the irradiated wound and could be a substantial therapeutic strategy in initiating and supporting the cascade of tissue repair processes in irradiated wounds.
Influence of finger millet and kodo millet on rat dermal wound healing was assessed by making a 4 cm2 (2 x 2 cm) excision wound on the shaven back of rats under ether anesthesia. Finger millet or kodo millet flour (300 mg) as aqueous paste was applied topically once daily for 16 days. The granulation tissue formed on day 4, 8 and 12 was used to estimate some biochemical parameters like protein, DNA, collagen and lipid peroxides. There was significant increase in protein and collagen contents and decrease in lipid peroxides. Biophysical parameters like rate of contraction and number of days for epithelialization were also studied. Rate of contraction was 88-90% in kodo millet and finger millet treated rats in comparison to 75% in untreated rats. The number of days for complete closure of wounds was lower for finger millet (13 days) and kodo millet (14 days) treated rats in comparison to untreated (16 days) rats. The results implicate a possible therapeutical role for finger millet and kodo millet in accelerating the process of wound healing.
Three extracts of Calendulae officinalis flos (Asteraceae): heptane, ethyl acetate and methanol were introduced to a human skin fibroblast (HSF) cells culture and a culture of human breast cancer cells (T47D), cell culture collection ECACC number 85102201. The ethyl acetate but not the heptane and methanol extracts in concentrations above 25 microg/mL, can stimulate cell proliferation and cellular metabolism by increase of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. However, concentrations exceeding 75 microg/mL are toxic for cells. The second part of the study concerned elaborating of optimal chromatographic systems for quantitative analysis of these extracts by the use of HPTLC with densitometry. Oleanolic acid, beta-amyrin, beta-amyrin acetate, rutin, narcissin, 3-glucoside of isorhamnetin, quercetin, isoquercitrin, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, protokatechuic acid, p-coumaric acid and syringic acid were all identified.