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OVERTIME EFFECTS ON PROJECT TEAM EFFECTIVENESS
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The fast-paced, competitive, and continually changing business environment is driven by information technology projects. The changing scope, requirements, and time pressure of projects requires overtime and long sprints. As commitments to an implementation date are established, the project team is left to absorb the additional time required to address project issues, new requirements and constraints. The extra load requires the project team to invest additional resource hours in order to achieve the target implementation date. In this paper, the impacts of overtime on the project team are considered as well as the implications on the project output. Recommendations are made on organizational improvements to structuring overtime more effectively, more effective team and personal coping mechanisms for dealing with overtime stress, in order to lessen the influence of overtime on the quality of the project deliverables.
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... This means that they get more rest in between crunches. This has been noted by Olson & Swenson as well: "While overtime may not be a problem if it occurs infrequently, it can be a serious problem when it becomes the mode of operating" [38]. ...
... When done in short intervals stress is unlikely to harm your health. If "recurrent, prolonged, or very intense" [38] it may however cause long term effects, both mental and physical. ...
... Employees in the gaming industry sometimes receive vacation days after a project is complete as compensation for immense overtime. According to Olson & Swenson [38] this does not necessarily reduce stress. Since the employees associate their workplace with stress they will quickly regain the same stress levels once they get back to work. ...
... Amadi et al. (2014) reiterated stakeholders' opposition as one of the main cause of PPP project failures emphasizing the frequency of the resistance of end users and stakeholders to PPP projects where individuals are expected to be charged directly for services. In preliminary studies carried out by Olson and Swenson (2011) and Xiao et al. (2013) the ignorance of end-users desires were condemned during the construction conference in North America. Olusola Babatunde et al. (2012), Sopha et al. (2013), and Knoeri et al. (2016) emphasized that communication lapses between clients, end-users, and project sponsor are susceptible. ...
The operational phase of public private partnership (PPP) projects in Nigeria has consistently witnessed serious challenges. Researches by various authors suggest that the major factors militating against the successful growth and development of PPP projects in Nigeria and other developing countries of the world is the marginalization of end-user stakeholder in PPP projects. As such, this study set out to reveal factors affecting the successful management of the diverse interests of end-user stakeholders of the PPP road projects in Nigeria. Using factors from related literature, a questionnaire was developed and distributed to users of two major PPP road in operation in Nigeria: Lekki/Epe Toll and Apakun Murtala Mohammed PPP toll road. A total of 282 questionnaires were returned representing 70.5% response rate. Cronbach’s alpha test was used to check reliability levels of the questionnaire variables (i.e., Likert scale questions) while factor analysis was used to establish the underlying factors affecting the successful participation of end-users stakeholders in PPP road in Nigeria. These underlying factors were fully discussed. It was concluded that active involvement of end-users stakeholders in decision-making from inception to conclusion will solve the problem of marginalization of end-user stakeholder’s in Nigeria PPP road projects.
Fazla mesai, birçok sektördeki faaliyetlerin bitirilmesine yönelik olduğu gibi yazılım projelerinin de öngörülen zamandan daha erken bitirilebilmesi veya kapsam değişikliği, kaynak yetersizliği, yönetim eksikliği gibi nedenlerden dolayı projelerde yaşanan gecikmelerin telafi edilebilmesi için sıklıkla başvurulan bir yöntemdir. Fazla mesai, uygulanması esnasında dışa bağımlılığın daha az olması nedeniyle sıklıkla başvurulan yöntemler arasındadır. Yazılım şirketlerinde proje ekibine fazla mesai yaptırılarak daha çok işin tamamlanabileceği ve projenin bitimi için daha hızlı yol alınabileceği düşünülür. Bu düşünceye rağmen fazla mesainin uygulanması sonucunda hedeflenen sonuçlara ulaşılamama durumu söz konusu olabilmektedir. Fazla mesainin doğru ve dengeli biçimde planlanarak uygulanamaması sonucunda çalışanların beden ve ruh sağlıklarının olumsuz biçimde etkilenebilmesi söz konusudur. Çalışanlarda farklı biçimde ve düzeyde fiziksel sorunlar, algılama, dikkat ve anlayabilme yetilerinde azalma gibi sorunların ortaya çıkmasına karşın planlı, dengeli ve işletme ile çalışanların kapasitesine uygun biçimde planlanan/uygulanan
fazla mesai, kaliteden ödün verilmeden iş çıktılarının miktarının artırılmasına katkı sağlayabilir. Bilişim sektöründe yer alan işletmeler ve çalışanlar için de durum farklı değildir. Özellikle mental ve düşünsel açıdan yorucu olan yazılım projelerinde, işlerin yetiştirilebilmesi adına yaptırılacak plansız ve sürekli fazla mesai, çalışanların verimliliği ve iş çıktılarındaki kalite üzerinde olumsuz sonuçlar ortaya çıkarabilir. Daha önce yapılan çalışmalar, fazla mesainin yazılım projeleri üzerinde olumlu ve olumsuz yönlerini, anket yöntemi ile ortaya çıkarmıştır. Ulusal literatürde, alanda yapılan çalışmaların verimlilik ve proje yönetimi kapsamında ele alındığı görüldüğünden
bu çalışmada diğerlerinden farklı olarak fazla mesainin iş çıktı kalitesine etkisi ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada, 5 farklı sektörden toplamda 10 yazılım proje ekibinin iş çıktıları doğal gözlem yöntemi ile gözlemlenerek fazla mesainin, iş çıktı kalitesi ile ilişkisi ve etkisi incelenmiştir. Literatürde, yazılım şirketlerinde fazla mesainin iş çıktı kalitesi ile ilişkisi doğrultusunda kaliteye olan etkisini araştırmaya yönelik araştırmaların çok kısıtlı olmasından dolayı, çalışmanın bu açığı doldurmaya yönelik fayda sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
W artykule przeanalizowano aspekt pracy w godzinach nadliczbowych przy tworzeniu gier komputerowych. Dostrzeżono, że zjawisko crunchu stanowi wyzwanie zarówno dla producenta, jak i zaangażowanych pracowników. Przeanalizowano pojawiające się wątpliwości prawne. W szczególności zwrócono uwagę na kwestie podstawy świadczenia pracy, przewidywalności nadgodzin oraz ochrony zdrowia pracowników.
Yazılım projelerinde, çalışma takvimine göre projenin belirlenen sürede yetişmeme durumu ortaya çıkabilir. Böyle durumlarda
fazla mesai yapılması çözüm olarak görülmektedir. Fakat çalışma saatlerinin artmasının proje sonucuna etkisi belirsizdir. Bu
çalışmada fazla mesainin, çalışanlar ve proje üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi için çalışanların fazla mesai ile çalışma
saatlerinin arttırılması konusundaki düşüncelerini almak amacıyla, çevrimiçi katılım sağlanarak cevaplanacak şekilde anket
hazırlanmıştır. 2019 Kasım ayı boyunca, çevrimiçi ortamda aktif olan ve 34 sorudan oluşan ankete, yazılım projelerinde görev
alan 180 kişi katılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, fazla mesaiden dolayı çalışanların dinlenemedikleri, fiziksel sağlık
sorunlarının ortaya çıktığı ve sosyal yaşamlarının olumsuz etkilendiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca art arda yapılan fazla mesailerin,
çalışanların mesai saatleri içerisindeki üretkenliğini de olumsuz etkilediği belirlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Fazla Mesai, Yazılım Mühendisliği, Yazılım Projeleri, Yazılım Kalitesi, Proje Yönetimi
Prior research in information systems generally finds that conflict during development can only have a negative impact and cannot be controlled even through effective processes. However, the literature examines direct impact to project success measures without considering the process as a mediator nor possible beneficial effects on criteria other than traditional measures of project budget and schedule. We extend the study of conflict by considering the quality of the software product in addition to the project measures and include the process as a specific mediator. Results from a survey of system developers finds that conflict does indeed impact both measures negatively and is not fully mediated by effective processes. Researchers and practitioners should turn their attentions earlier in a development project to prevent the detrimental effects of conflict.
We introduce the construct of sleep deprivation to the team-level management literature
by integrating theory and research on sleep deprivation and group behavior. We
propose that sleep deprivation has a negative monotonic, but nonlinear, influence on
team decision-making accuracy and problem solving. We then propose that task,
structural, and social characteristics accentuate or attenuate the influence of sleep
deprivation on team decision-making accuracy and problem solving.
Producing software requires an environment conducive to concentration and measured work. In this paper several projects are presented with varying degrees of overtime where the resultant quality of the applications in terms of defect counts varies directly. It is proposed that stress in the work environment driven by overtime adversely affects software quality.
This research deals with a vital and important issue in computer world. It is concerned with the software management processes that examine the area of software development through the development models, which are known as software development life cycle. It represents five of the development models namely, waterfall, Iteration, V-shaped, spiral and Extreme programming. These models have advantages and disadvantages as well. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to represent different models of software development and make a comparison between them to show the features and defects of each model.
With increasing cost-reduction pressures, outsourcing of information systems (IS) functions has emerged as an important option for managers in companies around the world. In this paper we present the results of our exploratory, empirical research comparing practices of domestic and global IS outsourcing in the USA, Japan and Finland. The research methodology of a mail survey with similar questionnaires was used in all three countries. The paper provides new empirical evidence comparing these countries on the types of functions being commonly outsourced, the extent to which these functions are outsourced, views of Chief Information Officers (CIOs) on the desired cost savings and the comparative ratings of the advantages and disadvantages of IS outsourcing. Also compared are the roles played by different executives in making outsourcing decisions. The implications of these results for IS managers and directions for future research are presented in the conclusions.
Stress in the workplace is fueled by budgets cuts, a heavy workload, and career pressure. If you're not careful, you could crack. Don't worry - here are some proven ways to help you unwind.
