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Effect of seaweed liquid fertilizer of Sargassum wightii on the growth and biochemical characteristics of Abelmoschus esculentus (l.) Medikus

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Abstract

The effect of different concentrations (20%, 40% 60%, 80% and 100%) of seaweed liquid fertilizer (SLF) of Sargassum wightii on the growth and biochemical characteristics of Abelmoschus esculentus was studied. The low concentration (20%) of S. wightii extract promoted the shoot length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll, carotenoid, protein, amino acid, reducing sugar, total sugar, α-amylase and β-amylase activities in Abelmoschus esculentus.

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... Those chemicals could act as fertilizers and play important role in germination, the formation of new plants, and better crop development [6]. The use of seaweed to stimulate plant growth has been implemented in various crops, for instance okra [7], Tagetes [8], chickpeas [9], [10], and chili [11]. Additionally, beneficial bacteria have been widely used as bio-stimulants in various plants, including lettuce [12], rice, corn [13], strawberry [14], rice [15], and chili [16]. ...
... In their study [11] found that 7 times application of 1 mL L-1 seaweed and compost to chili plants could increase the weight of marketable chili fruits. A dose of 20% seaweed extract solution can increase the growth of okra sprouts [7]. Bio-stimulant could be applied in different methods including seed soaking and plat drenching. ...
Conference Paper
In Indonesia, the chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is popular. Unfortunately, its current productivity is lower than its potential yield. The low productivity is due to the cultivation methods or varieties used in the field. Seaweed is a known bio-stimulant and combining it with a microbial consortium could be an effective way to boost crop productivity. The goal of this study was to examine how a combination of bio stimulants enriched with a microbial consortium can affect the productivity of two chili varieties, Tanjung-2 and Ciko. The experiment used a complete randomized block design with a single factor, namely a combination of bio-stimulants (B1-B6). In comparison to other formulas, the bio-stimulant B4 formula was found to be the most effective.
... showed in Fig. 5a. Jothinayagi and Anbazhagan (2009) worked in V. radiata the nutrients NPK were increased (3.46 ± 3.27 mg/g) than the control. ...
... The lower doses of seaweed compost waste significantly increase the growth (10%) concentration as compared to the control than V. Akila, et al. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 18 (2019) 101035 the high doses (Jothinayagi and Anbazhagan, 2009). This approach would improve and the advantage of energy conversion from the end biomass of various biofuels. ...
Article
Nowadays the increasing prices of petroleum-based fuels have persistently focused on the development of alternative energy sources, whereas the solid residue can be used as an organic fertilizer which can be one of the solutions from depending on conventional synthetic fertilizer. The research work mainly focused on biomethanation and development of biofertilizer from the seaweed Ulva sp. The Ulva sp. mixed with organic matter (cow dung) has been used in different concentrations for biogas production and the methane was theoretically computed that 1.528 kg/m ³ volatile solids (VS). The ratio 3:1 proportion obtained was 574 ± 26 ml -g VS biogas production than the control and 1:1, 2:1 ratio. The cumulative biogas was quantitatively analyzed by gas chromatography for the proportion of methane (CH 4 ) and ranged from 72% in Ulva sp.: cow dung 3:1. The solid residue was used as an organic fertilizer for the growth of Vigna radiata. The results revealed that the physicochemical parameters, pigments and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) analysis were increased in the 3:1 ratio when compared to the others. The Ulva sp. was used in eco-friendly and zero waste management process. From the seaweed Ulva sp. to reduce the sustainable and clean environment; to improve the agricultural crop production and also enhances the soil fertility.
... these results were in coincidence with those reported by Khalaf and abdul Kareem (2020), who found that spraying algae extract at 1.5 ml/l improved the corm productivity of freesia plants. this could be because algae extract has been employed as a bio-stimulator and it is a rich basis of organic materials, carbohydrates and growth regulators such as auxins, cytokines and gibberellins (Spinelli et al., 2009;Jothinayagi & anbazhagan, 2009). ...
Article
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The cyanobacteria may contribute significantly to sustainable agriculture by enhancing plant growth, productivity and environmental quality. Tuberose is ranked among the ten most significant cut flowers in the world. In this regard, this study intends to improve the tuberose plant’s growth, flowering, corms, and concrete oil under sandy soil conditions by employing a sufficient amount of N fertilizer or/and Spirulina platensis extract. N was added to the pot at a rate of 2, 4 g and the control treatment (without adding; 0). S. platensis extract was foliar sprayed at concentrations of 10, 15 %, and distilled water. Results showed that N or S. platensis increased the leaves dry weight, no. of florets/spike, spike dry weight, corms and cormels dry weight, total chlorophyll, and concrete oil. Ultimately, a combination of 2 g N/plant with a 15% concentration of S. platensis extract proved to be the most successful treatment for all the features under investigation.
... It is therefore necessary to obtain alternative ways to improve plant traits in growth and production (Metting, et.al, 1990). Different studies have been carried out by researchers on the use of seaweed for its contents complex group of carbohydrates, biological stimulants, regulating hormones for growth (jibrelins, cytokines and oxins), abyssic acid, similar substances whence of the effect of hormones, vitamins, antibiotics, antioxidants and other important and effective material that enter the vital processes of the plant cell, which lead to improve indicators of growth and production (Jothinayagi and Anbazhagan, 2009;Spinelli, et.al., 2009), In addition to increasing the resistance of the plant to the frozen, stress conditions, reduce incidence of fungus and insects (Jolivet, et.al., 1991;Sultana, et.al., 2011) . ...
Article
نفذت التجربة خلال الموسم الزراعي الربيعي 2017 في مشتل بعقوبة التابع لمديرية زراعة ديالى– محافظة ديالى وشملت الدراسة ثلاثة أصناف من البطاطا (AXENIA وOSIRIS وHERMES) وأربعة تراكيز من مستخلص الطحالب البحرية (APPETIZER) (0 و0.75 و1.5 و2.25 مل. لتر-1 ماء) وبمعدل ثلاث رشات. بهدف دراسة تأثير التركيب الوراثي للأصناف وتركيز السماد في حاصل البطاطا. تضمنت التجربة 12 معاملة ناتجة من التوافيق ما بين عوامل الدراسة المذكورة أنفاً. وطبقت تجربة عاملية بتصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة Randomized complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) وبثلاث مكررات وكان التحليل الإحصائي باستخدام برنامج (SAS) وتم مقارنة المتوسطات باستخدام اختبار دنكن متعدد الحدود وتحت مستوى احتمال5 %. أوضحت النتائج تفوق الصنف OSIRIS معنوياً بتسجيل أعلى معدل في صفة عدد درنات النبات الواحد وحاصل النبات الواحد والحاصل القابل للتسويق والحاصل الغير قابل للتسويق والحاصل الكلي، بينما تفوق الصنف AXENIA في معدل وزن الدرنة القابل للتسويق وتفوق الرش بمستخلص الطحالب البحرية بتركيز 01.5 مل. لتر-1 بشكل معنوي في معظم الصفات المدروسة إضافة إلى وجود تفوق معنوي عند تداخل ما بين عوامل الدراسة.
... The consumption of nitrogen fertilizers in August, which was used for pistachios, can lead to an increase in protein in August. According to previous reports, the increase in the protein content maybe due to the presence of acetic acid or similar compounds and also due to the presence of growth stimulants in seaweed extract [46]. ...
Article
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Background Due to the important economic role of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) the cultivation of this valuable crop has been extended. Various abiotic stresses harm the growth and performance of pistachio. Seaweed extract containing various substances such as pseudo-hormones that stimulate growth, nutritional elements, and anti-stress substances can cause more resistance to abiotic stresses, and increase the quantity and the quality of the fruit. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar application of Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jol. seaweed extract on some biochemical traits related to abiotic stress in Pistacia vera L. cv. Kaleh-Ghoochi. The first factor of foliar spraying treatment included A. nodosum seaweed extract at four levels (0, 1, 2, and 3 g/L), and the second factor was the time of spraying solution which was done at three times (1- at the beginning of pistachio kernel growth period at the end of June, 2- at the stage of full kernel development at the end of August, and 3- Spraying in both late June and August). Results The results showed that all investigated traits were significant under the treatment of seaweed extract compared with the control. The seaweed extract concentrations had a significant effect on all traits except soluble carbohydrates, but the time of consumption of seaweed extract on soluble carbohydrates, protein, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase enzymes was significant, while had no significant effect on the rest of the traits. According to the interaction effect of time and concentration of consumption of seaweed extract, the highest values of the biochemical characters were as follows: total phenol content: 168.30 mg CAE/g DW, flavonoid content: mg CE/g DW, catalase: 12.66 µmol APX min− 1 mg− 1 protein, superoxide dismutase: 231.4 µmol APX min− 1 mg− 1 protein, and ascorbate peroxidase: 39.53 µmol APX min− 1 mg− 1 protein. Conclusions Based on the results of this study, it seems that it is possible to use fertilizers containing A. nodosum seaweed extract with a concentration of 3 g/L in August to increase the tolerance of the pistachio cultivar “Kaleh-Ghoochi” to abiotic stresses.
... Biological catalysts are any microorganism or substance applied to the plant, seeds, or root environment to stimulate and stimulate biological processes within the plant and thereby increase the efficiency of fertilizer use and reduce non-biological stresses (Traon, 2014). Marine algae has been used as a bio stimulants and is a good source of organic materials as Contains a group of carbohydrates and contains growth regulators such as oxins, gibberellins and cytokines as well as similar substances in their effect of hormones such as betanes as well as vitamins and antioxidants and contain a wide range of biological stimuli (Spinelli et al., 2009) (Jothinayagi and Anbazhagan, 2009). ...
Article
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The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse of the research station in the Department of Horticulture and Gardening Engineering, College of Agriculture, University of Diyala to study the effect of Four combinations of growth Medium (M4-M3-M2-M1) and spraying the seaweed extract (Alga plants), using two concentrations 1.0 and 1.5 ml. Liters-1 in the characteristics of vegetative growth, flowering, and bulb of Freesia hybrida. The experiment was carried out for a factorial experiment (4 x 3) according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and with three replicates. The cultivation of Freesia plant in the medium of growth M4 resulted in a significant increase in both the Leaves area and the leaf content of chlorophyll carotenoids the dry matter in the leaves, the number of inflorescences, the diameter of the flower, the number of florets in the inflorescence, length of Inflorescence stem, the time of flowering, and the early date for flowering and the highest content of anthocyanins In flowers and the largest diameter of corms, while the growth medium M1 gave the highest rates for both the height of the plant and the number of leaves and corms diameter, while the growth medium M3 gave the highest percentage of dry weight in the inflorescence. Treatment S2 improved all vegetative, flowering and corms growth characteristics, with the exception of the characteristic number of leaves that increased significantly when treatment S1.0.
... The use of seaweed to stimulate plant growth has been widely carried out, such as in the tagetes [43], dates [51], okra [52], sugarcane [10], beans [41], [53]- [55], tomato [42], [56], mustard [38], chilli [49], [57], [58], shallot [59], [60], etc. ...
Article
The use of biostimulants from endophytic bacteria enriched with seaweed is still rarely used in shallot plants. This study was conducted to determine the effect of reducing NPK chemical fertilizers and adding biostimulants to shallot plants in the highlands. The research was conducted in Lembang, Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute, Indonesia (IVEGRI) from January to July 2021. A two-factor Randomized Complete Block Design used two types of biostimulant formulation (biostimulant A, and biostimulant B), and the chemical fertilizer dose factors (7 levels with 3 replications. The observed parameters included plant height, number of leaves, clump fresh weight and dry weight of bulbs per sample and per hectare, as well as the Relative Agronomic Effectiveness (RAE). The results showed that the application of 75% NPK plus biostimulant at a dose of 3ml/L applied as much as 5X gave the same RAE value as NPK 100%.
... Especially in the imbibition stage in order to start the enzymatic activity and carry out the vital metabolic processes in the seeds and to complete the stages of germination, as the addition of washed sea algae led to an increase in the capacity of the sand and the preservation of moisture and improved aeration conditions in the soil, it also reduced the pressure and density of both media and the consequent good correlation between the components of the medium, which in turn was reflected in the improvement of germination and growth indicators. So that the seedlings were able to penetrate the surface of the agricultural medium and helped their roots to easily penetrate into the growth medium in general [56,39]. ...
Article
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Clean (organic) agriculture is defined as an integrated production, economic, social and environmental system in line with the historical foundations that humans have followed in agriculture throughout history, it has been confirmed during the long history of agriculture on the surface of the earth that this method has the character of continuity or sustainability. It is also known as the method of agricultural production in which the use of harmful chemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides is avoided. Many may think that clean farming methods are one method, but in fact there are several methods, all of which fall under the concept of developing vital natural systems. The disposal of marine plant residues is still a major problem at the present time, which requires finding appropriate solutions in order to reduce environmental pollution problems. One of the most important methods used recently is its use in plant nutrition, as marine algae are an important organic source that is used in low concentrations in supplying plants with essential nutrients, it contains micro and macro nutrients, amino acids and organic matter, as well as containing growth-promoting substances such as vitamins, polysaccharides, auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins. Algae compost and extracts are used as fertilizer supplements, either by adding them directly to the soil or spraying them on the vegetative system of plants in order to improve growth and production, as well as reducing pollution as it is one of the safe nutrients for the environment and humans.
... In addition, biostimulants decline the demand for fertilizers [9,10]. Various studies have been conducted by researchers on the use of marine plants because they contain a complex group of carbohydrates and biological stimulants, and growth-regulating hormones (gibberellins, cytokinins and auxins and abscisic acid and similar substances in terms of effect on hormones, vitamins, antibiotics, antioxidants and other important and effective substances that enter into the vital processes of the plant cell, which in turn leads to improving growth and production indicators [11,12].Due to the lack of studies in the field of adding physiological stimulants that contain marine algae during the different growth stages of wheat and its importance through interaction with planting dates, the thesis aimed to know: ...
Article
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A field experiment was conducted during the winter season 2022-2021 in the field experiments field of the College of Agriculture - Al-Qasim Green University in the south of Babylon province, located at latitude 32.40 north and longitude 44.39 east. In order to study the effect of planting date and stages of spraying with the physiological stimulant Appetizer on the growth and yield of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)), the experiment was conducted by arranging the split plots according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The planting dates included the main plot T1, a suitable first date on 15/11 and T2 a second late date on 15/12, while the subplot included spraying with the physiological stimulant (Appetizer) according to the stages of wheat growth within the Zadoks classification, which was given the symbols (A0 without spraying and A1 stage, The results showed that the date of 11/15 was significantly superior to the studied traits, where the number of spikelets in spike was 20.1 spikelets. spike ⁻¹ The number of grains in the spike is 43.6 grain. spike ⁻¹ The number of spikes is 364. The weight of 1000 grains is 36.26 g, and the grain yield is 3.84 tons. ha1-. The biological yield is 11.25 tons. ha ⁻¹ and the carbohydrate content is 73.29%, while the date of 15/12 is significantly excelled on trait of the protein content, as the average was 9.43% As for the phases of spraying with the physiological activator (Appetizer), they were significantly excelled at the elongation and booting stage in the studied traits, including the number of spikes of 20.6 spikes. Plant ⁻¹ The number of grains is 48.9 grains. spikes ⁻¹ and the weight of 1000 grains is 40.7 g. The grain yield is 4.17 tons. hectare 1- and a biological yield of 11.01 tons. ha ⁻¹ The protein content is 9.56% and the carbohydrate content is 77.03%. As for the number of spikes, the number of spikes was significantly excelled at the tillering stage g and elongation, where their average values reached 368 spikes.m ² . As for the interaction between planting dates and the phases of spraying with the physiological activator (Appetizer) it was significant in all the studied traits, the interaction between the date of 15/11 and the stages of spraying with the physiological activator at the elongation and end stage gave the highest average number of spikelets in the spike of 20.8 spikelets. spike ⁻¹ The number of grains in the spike is 52.7 grains. spike ¹⁻ and the weight of 1000 grains is 42.42 g. The grain yield is 4.66 tons. ha ⁻¹ has a biological yield of 11.46 tons. ha ⁻¹ and the carbohydrate content is 77.76%. As for the number of spikes, the interaction was significant between the date of 15/11 and the spraying phase when treating the tillering and elongation, as the average was 381 spikes. It reached 9.65%.
... In addition, biostimulants decline the demand for fertilizers [10,11]. Various studies have been conducted by researchers on the use of marine plants because they contain a complex group of carbohydrates and biological stimulants, and growth-regulating hormones (gibberellins, cytokinins and auxins and abscisic acid and similar substances in terms of effect on hormones, vitamins, antibiotics, antioxidants and other important and effective substances that enter into the vital processes of the plant cell, which in turn leads to improving growth and production indicators [12,13]. Due to the lack of studies in the field of adding physiological stimulants that contain marine algae during the different growth stages of wheat and its importance through interaction with planting dates, the thesis aimed to know: ...
Article
Full-text available
A field experiment was conducted during the winter season 2022-2021 in the field experiments field of the College of Agriculture - Al-Qasim Green University in the south of Babylon province, located at latitude 32.40 north and longitude 44.39 east. In order to study the effect of planting date and stages of spraying with the physiological stimulant Appetizer on the growth and yield of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)), the experiment was conducted by arranging the split plots according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The planting dates included the main plot T1, a suitable first date on 15/11 and T2 a second late date on 15/12, while the subplot included spraying with the physiological stimulant (Appetizer) according to the stages of wheat growth within the Zadoks classification, which was given the symbols (A0 without spraying and A1 stage, The results showed that the date of 11/15 was significantly excelled in the studied traits for plant height 83.24 cm, spike length of 11.82 cm, area of flag leaf 38.09 cm 2, chlorophyll content of 71.98, and number of grains in spike 43.6. grain. Spike ⁻¹ The number of spikes is 364. Spikes. m ⁻² The grain yield is 3.84 tons. ha ⁻¹ and the harvest index is 34.14%, As for the phases of spraying with the physiological stimulant Appetizer, they significantly excelled at the elongation and booting growth stage in the studied traits, including plant height 81.70 cm, spike length 11.80 cm, chlorophyll content 74.65, number of grains 48.9 grains, spike 1- and grain yield 4.17 tons. ha ⁻¹ and a harvest index of 37.75%. As for the area of the flag leaf and the number of spikes, they significantly excelled at the stage of tillering and elongation, as their mean values reached 40.08 cm ² and 368 spikes.m ² respectively. As for the interaction between the planting dates and the phases of spraying with the physiological stimulant (Appetizer), it was significant in all the studied traits. The interaction between the date of 15/11 and the phases of spraying with the physiological stimulant at the elongation and booting stage gave the highest average plant height of 84.14 cm and spike length of 12.57 cm. the content of chlorophyll and the number of grains in the spike is 52.7 grains. spike ⁻¹ and the grain yield is 4.66 tons. ha ⁻¹ and the harvest index is 40.64%. As for the area of the flag leaf and the number of spikes, the interaction was significant between the date of 11/15 and the spraying phase when treated at tillering and elongation averaged 45.29 cm ² and 381 spikes.m ² sequentially.
... Due to the presence of potassium chloride in seaweed, they are used as bio-fertilizers or manure in many countries for cultivating crops and for plants that require growth promoters, including potash, sulphate, trace elements and radicals (Kumar et al., 2012;Muthezhilan et al., 2014;Baliah et al., 2017;Uthirapandi et al., 2018). Liquid fertilizer extracted from S. wightii when used as foliar spray has been found to induce faster growth and yield in vegetables, fruits, orchards and horticulture plants (Sivasankari et al., 2006;Jothinayagi and Anbazhagan, 2009;Divya et al., 2015). Liquid fertilizer prepared from S. wightii contain auxin, cytokinin, gibberellins and minerals in high concentrations and if used in appropriate quantity can enhance crop yield (Sridhar and Rengasamy, 2010; , 2014). ...
Article
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Seaweed, Sargassum wightii is a brown macroalgae (Phaeophyceae) rich in bioactive compounds such as fucoxanthin, flavonoids, sterols, sulfated polysaccharides, polyphenols, proteins and beta-carotene pigments. The purpose of the present review is to focus and discuss the usefulness of bioactive compounds of S. wightii to humans and animals as they exhibit diverse therapeutic activities like analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-tumor, immune-modulatory, anti-coagulant, hepatoprotective, anti-viral activities, etc. The present review clarifies the nutritional, therapeutic potential and health benefits of brown seaweed algae. Nowadays, attention is being paid on the use of seaweeds for human health, food, cosmetics, energy, fertilizer and in the field of aquaculture, poultry and other industries due to their nutritive value. It is being utilized in the wastewater treatments to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus-containing compounds. This review is an attempt to highlight the nutritional and commercial value of Sargassum wightii, due to its bioactive compounds related to health status and disease prevention in humans and animals. Sargassum wightii
... Additionally, seaweeds support the soil with trace amounts of elements such as magnesium, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen, sulfur, Cu, Zn, Mn they contain (Rengasamy, 2004). Organic matter-rich nature of seaweed extracts aids in retention of minerals and reaching to plant roots within the upper soil layer (Jothinayagi and Anbazhagan, 2009). Seaweed extract applications increased Na, K, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu and Mo values of mung beans as compared to the control (Zodape et al., 2010). ...
Article
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This study was carried out to evaluate the agro-morphological characteristics of new chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars in Kayseri conditions. The research was established and carried out in 2022 in the experimental area located in the central campus of the Erciyes University Agricultural Research and Application Center, according to the randomized blocks trial design with 3 replications. In our experiment; registered in our country between 2015-2021 years that Aslanbey (2016), Atabay (2019), Aydoğan (2018), Bahadır (2019), Çiftçi (2021), Göktürk (2019), Karlı (2018), Nihatbey (2020) and Tunç (2019) varieties were used. According to the results obtained in the research; plant height 37,33-50,00 (cm), first pod height 23,0-34,3 (cm), number of main branches per plant 2,3-3,3 (pieces), number of pods per plant 18,3-31,3 (pieces), number of seeds per pod 0,860-0,980 (pieces), The number of grains per plant was 16,00-30,67 (pieces), the grain yield per unit area was 207,3-436,67 (kg/da), and the hundred grain weight was 33,00-43,67(g). Accordingly, Atabay and Aslanbey varieties, which have the highest grain yield in terms of grain yield, are known to be recommended for Kayseri ecological conditions.
... The activity of nanoparticles of A. nodosum S. sclerotiorum in reduction of growth may be due antibiotic compounds and toxins showing activity against plant pathogens (Kiviranta et al 2006, AL-Himiary 2013. A. nodosum extract showed high growth inhibition activity against many plant pathogens including Fusarium oxysporum on culture media at 0.5-1% (Jayaraman et al 2010). The normal algae extract provide suitable medium for fungal growth due to its content of organic compounds, carbohydrates, vitamins, and many nutritive elements which are associated with increase in number and size of sclerotia (Jensen 2004, Jothinayagi and Anbazhagan 2009, Spinelli et al 2009, Lee et al 2013 Table 3. Effect of foliar application of extract on white mold disease development in eggplants A. nodosum Effect of soil treatment with extract on white A. nodosum mold disease development: Both normal and nanoform of A. nodosum S. sclerotiorum extract caused reduction in development associated with decrease in disease incidence and severity compared with control (untreated inoculated plants). ...
Article
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The study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of nano and normal extract of the sea alga to control Ascophylum nodosum white mold disease caused by on eggplant. The addition of nanoparticles of extract into potato dextrose Seclerotinia sclerotiorum A. nodosum agar (PDA) at 0.5, 1, 2, 3% caused reduction in radial growth by 80.17, 97.22, 100, 100% respectively .Soil treatment with 2% S. sclerotiorum nanoparticles of induced high reduction in disease incidence and severity, 41.67% and 31.253%, respectively compared with A. nodosum normal extract and on plants inoculated with SSK isolate only. Foliar application of nano and normal extract on inoculated 1 A. nodosum eggplants caused high significant reduction in disease incidence and severity, 41.670% and 31.253%, respectively on plant treated with nanoparticles compared with plants treated with normal extract and plants inoculated with SSK only. The restriction of disease development in 1 treated plants were associated with increase in peroxidase activity, 47.20 units/min/g compared with 10.85 units/min/g in control. Significant increase in P, K, N, total protein percentages after 7 days of treatment was observed in treated plants compared with infected plants. The results obtained of this study indicated to the activity of the extract against may be promising in management of A. nodosum S. seclerotiorum white mold disease.
... Additionally, seaweeds support the soil with trace amounts of elements such as magnesium, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen, sulfur, Cu, Zn, Mn they contain (Rengasamy, 2004). Organic matter-rich nature of seaweed extracts aids in retention of minerals and reaching to plant roots within the upper soil layer (Jothinayagi and Anbazhagan, 2009). Seaweed extract applications increased Na, K, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu and Mo values of mung beans as compared to the control (Zodape et al., 2010). ...
Article
Organic farming is an environment-friendly agricultural system able to eliminate negative impacts of chemicals on agricultural lands and environment. Experiments were conducted in 2020 and 2021 growing seasons to investigate the effects of organic-certificated liquid fertilizers obtained from seaweed extracts on morphological and technological traits and mineral composition of beans(Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Organic-certified fertilizers namely as Hygro Amin (HAM), Hygro Algin (HAL) and Rooting Plus (RP) obtained from seaweed were used as fertilizer sources. Positive effects were especially encountered on seed yield, cooking time, number of dispersed seeds after cooking and mineral composition (Fe, Zn, Na, Mg). Biplot analysis on morphological and technological traits and mineral composition revealed that there were positive relationships among Fe, Co, seed yield, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, plant height and the first pod height since these parameters had close vector lengths to each other and placed into the same region and all hygro algin treatments increased these parameters.
... The dry weight of Cajanus cajan was recorded in the plants that received 20% seaweed extract of Chaetomorpha linum compare to 10% and 50% concentration of seaweed foliar spray (Seenivasan et al., 2010). Jothinayagi et al., (2009) stated that spraying of 20% Sargassum wightii was provided maximum fresh and dry weight (4.0, 1.2 g/seedling) of Abelmoschus esculents seedling and compare to 40% seaweed extract. The highest dry weight in Vigna mungo was observed at 25% seaweed (Sargassum myriocystum) extract and the lowest value of dry weight was observed at 50%,75%, and 100% seaweed extract (Kalaivanan et al., 2012). ...
Article
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The Seaweed (Padina antrillarum) abundantly found in the coastal region of Eastern Sri Lanka. Seaweed contains a wide range of nutrients and hormones for plant growth. An experiment was conducted at the Crop Farm, Eastern University, Sri Lanka to assess the effects of seaweed (Padina antrillarum) extract on the flowering of roses var. ‘Local’ from July to September 2020. Four treatments were used in this experiment viz. 10% (T1), 20% (T2), and 30% (T3) seaweed extracts with control treatment (T4). Treatments were applied at once-a-week interval. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with three replications. All other management practices were followed uniformly. Measurements were done at once a month. Collected data were analyzed. The higher performances in measured parameters (plant height, leaf area, plant biomass, number of flowers per plant) were observed in T2. It showed that once a week application of 20% seaweed liquid extract had the potential to increase growth and flower production in roses. It might be due to the presence of nutrients and the growth hormones in seaweed extract and optimum concentration of seaweed extract received by plants at T2. In T1 and T3, plants received sub-optimum and higher concentration respectively. It could be the reason for the lowest performances in these treatments. From this experiment, it could be concluded that once a week application of 20% seaweed liquid extract of Padina antrillarum is suitable to increase flowering in roses of treatment tested.
... Seaweed specie Crop Concentration of seawee (Hidangmayum and Sharma, 2017) Ascophyllum nodosum Allium cepa 0,55% (Kocira et al., 2018) Ascophyllum nodosum Glycine max L. (Annushka) 0,70% (Kocira et al., 2018) Ascophyllum nodosum Glycine max L. (Atlanta) 0,70% (Kocira et al., 2018) Ascophyllum nodosum Glycine max L. (Mavka) 1,00% (Kulkarni et al., 2019) Ecklonia maxima Spinacea oleracea L 0,40% (Rengasamy et al., 2016) Ecklonia maxima Brassica oleracea 0,40% (Sivasankari et al., 2006) Caulerpa chemnitzia Vigna sinensis 20,00% (Sivasankari et al., 2006) Sargassum wightii Vigna sinensis 20,00% (Jothinayagi and Anbazhagan, 2009) Sargassum wightii Abelmoschus esculentus 20,00% (Shah et al., 2013) Kapaphycus alvarezii Triticum aestivum 7,50% (Shah et al., 2013) Gracilaria edulis Triticum aestivum 7,50% ...
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In order to meet increasing food demands in the future, we will need to improve the current crop productivity. Abiotic stresses like drought and salinity are major factors resulting in crop yield losses and soil degradation worldwide. Recent studies suggest that seaweed-based biostimulants could be a solution for this problem. Here we summarise the current findings of using these biostimulants and highlight current knowledge gaps. Seaweed extracts were shown to enhance nutrient uptake and improve growth performance in crops under stressed and normal conditions. Seaweed extracts contain phytohormones, polysaccharides, polyphenols, lipids, amino acids and proteins. Although it has been shown that some of these compounds are active and have growth-promoting properties on plants, their underlying molecular mechanism of action and optimal applications especially in crops exposed to abiotic stress remains understudied. Seaweed extracts were shown to also improve protein content of crops and contribute to a healthy soil by facilitating water retention, soil aeration and nutrient availability, thereby promoting plant growth. In this paper we review the role of these extracts and their bioactive compounds as plant biostimulants. The targeted application to improve crop performance and the impact of seaweed extracts for enhancing the protein content of crops are discussed.
... When applied to flowers, crops, vegetables and fruit, some improvements included increased nutrients uptake, higher yields, improved vigor, increased level of resistance to some pests and diseases, the extended shelf life of fruit, seed germination enhancement, and improved defense against abiotic stresses (Chatzissavvidis & Therios, 2014). Seaweed manure is proven to be more important than chemical fertilizers due to its richness in organic matter, help in retaining moisture and adding minerals as well as making them accessible to plant roots in the upper soil level (Jothinayagi & Anbazhagan, 2009). Raghunandan et al. (2019) reported that presence of fatty acid, carbohydrate and protein in seaweed facilitates nutrient and moisture retention in the soil which in turn improve soil texture and stimulate activities of soil microorganisms. ...
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Seaweeds are plants found in sea that have tremendous applications in the fields of agriculture and environment. It comprises of three giant classes with a large number of different species. their ability to adopt to various conditions qualifies them more applicable to various environmental and agricultural arena. Agriculturally, both three classes Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta and Chlorophyta, have significant roles in promoting plant growth and productivity and soil protection as well as reclamation with class Phaeophyta has highest contribution due to its alginic acid content and other multifaceted components that are higher followed by Rhodophyta and Chlorophyta. Seaweed (living or dead biomass) has ability to phycoremediate environment against heavy toxic metals and lessen the excessiveness of non-metal inorganic elements via physisorption, chemisorption with the aid of binding sites provided by proteins and carbohydrates functional groups existing in their cell walls and secretion of organic acids and intracellular transformation and accumulation. Seaweed is an important factor in environmental remediation and soil restoration processes.
... Recently, it is assured that the seaweed extract containing highly valuable nutritious and promotes faster germination of seeds and increase yield and resistant ability of many crops Moreover compared with chemical fertilizers, the extracts derived from seaweeds are biodegradable, non toxic, non-polluting and non-hazardous to humans, animals and birds [12,13]. Keeping this point in mind, the present study was aimed to develop seaweed extract of Sargassum accelerated the seed germination and early growth of the Mung bean (Vigna radiata) in terms of length in both radical and plumule then biochemical estimation also analysed [14,15]. ...
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The use of chemical fertilizers in modern agriculture has resulted in an increase in food production. The use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture is toxic to the environment and disrupts the soil's beneficial microorganisms. As a result, using seaweed as a fertilizer in agricultural fields will help to maintain moisture content while also being environmentally friendly. With this in mind, the current study investigated whether a Sargassum seaweed extract accelerated seed germination and early growth of the Mung bean (Vigna radiata) in terms of length in both radical and plumule, as well as biochemical estimation. In this study, the root and shoot length of the Vigna radiata were examined, and leaf weight and area were calculated. Biochemical tests such as protein, carbohydrate, lipid, and chlorophyll estimation are also carried out. Seaweed liquid fertilizer is primarily useful for improving plant health and assisting plants in coping with environmental stressors such as heat, cold, wind, drought, and disease, as well as increasing overall nutrition, which includes protein content. The ability to spray this directly onto the plant is the biggest benefit. SLF is a good growth complement because of these benefits. SLF is a good growth complement because of these benefits. Seaweed Liquid Fertilizers can be used on a variety of crop plants to increase the growth and yield of cultivable plants by enriching the soil's nutrient content.We tried using ordinary water in the fermentation process for liquid seaweed fertilizer but were unable to achieve the best carbohydrate results. We could have gotten better carbohydrate results if we had included other ingredients like coconut water, rice water, and so on.
... Although there have been several studies that indicated the role of seaweed as probiotic of plant growth, including study (Jothinayagi and Anbazhagan 2009, Ramya et al. 2010, Sangeetha and Thevanathan 2010, the treatment with algae extract F. vesiculosus gave discouraging results when added individually as it showed a decrease in germination rates and for all concentrations compared to other treatments. Its effect on plant height, number of branches, soft and dry weight and its content of some chemical compounds was slight compared with filtrate fungus, mixture and distilled water, but it gave better results than filtrate fungus when estimating plant content of phenol ,the reason for this may be that the content of this algae of secondary metabolic products such as tannins, turbines, flavonoids, proteins and coumarin slightly, although it contains many mineral elements such as potassium, magnesium, sodium, iron and zinc and this confirmed (Samurai 2013) in its study of the chemical content of algae as noted by (Michalak et al. 2017) that Brown algae contain fluorotanin, a complex polymeric phenolic compound produced only by brown algae as well as minerals and vitamins. ...
... Xavier and Jesudass (2007) also reported that 100% seed germination was found in lower concentrations of Caulerpa recemosa extract. Jothinayagi and Anbazhagan (2009) also reported the effect of different concentrations of SLE of Sargassum wightii on germination percentage of Abelmoschus esculentus; where seeds germination (100%) was found at 20% concentration. A. esculentus seeds soaked with lower concentrations of the S. wightii extracts showed higher rates of germination, while the higher concentrations of the extracts inhibited the germination. ...
Article
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Biostimulants were considered as biological, organic and synthetic components that promote the plant growth; recently seaweed extracts have been reported as plant biostimulants applied to agricultural systems and there were reported positive effects of them on germination and root promotion. The aim of the present work was to analyze and compare the effect of four seaweed extracts from Gracilaria debilis, Sargassum liebmanni, Sargassum vulgare and Ulva fasciata on germination and root elongation of Lens esculenta. The plant root elongation promoting (PREP) activity assay was employed to analyze the effect of seaweed liquid extracts on Lens esculenta seeds by a tolerance index, the normalized residual percentage of germinated seeds index and the normalized residual elongation root index. Even there was a toxic effect of the extracts from two of the seaweeds tested: S. vulgare and U. fasciata on L. esculenta germination; all the seaweed liquid extracts showed a good response at low concentrations; particularly the employ of S. liebmannii and U. fasciata are recommended at a moderate dilution rate of their extracts for the increase of germination and growth of plants tested. Ke ywo rds Biostimulants Lens esculenta Liquid seaweed extracts
... Marine algae are defined as aquatic plants belonging to the thallophyte of plant kingdom [1]. This kingdom of particular plants reveled as a potential source bioactive molecule, nutrients, phytohormones and other compounds with crucial role in biology [2]. ...
... The enhanced germination percentage of brinjal seeds due to pre-soaking in Sargassum extract obtained in this study may be due to the organic nature of seaweed extract containing several minerals, vitamins and plant growth hormones (Hong et al., 2007 andKumari et al., 2002). Previous studies reveal that higher concentrations of seaweed extracts do play negative role in promoting germination (Jothinayagi and Anbazhagan, 2009;Kumar et al., 2012 andGayathri et al., 2014). ...
Article
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Seaweed liquid fertilizer prepared from aqueous extracts of red and brown seaweeds were tried on Brinjal, Solanum melongena, L. under lab conditions. Basal application of aqueous extract of Sargassum wightii to Brinjal was found beneficial to boost the height of the plant, number of flowers/ plant considerably and the levels of chlorophyll pigments 27% more than the control. This increased the fruit yield exhibited by number and weight of fruits over control as well as the extract of red seaweed Grateloupia lithophila. However, extracts of G. lithophila promoted early flowering, delayed senescence of leaves of eggplant. Biochemical constituents in the treated plants such as total sugars, proteins and lipids too showed considerable increase (mg/g dry weight, P<0.001) due to application of Sargassum extract. These results enabled us to confirm that use of extracts of Sargassum as manure to crops can improve yield, save chemical fertilizers and protect soil fertility.
... Moreover, these authors associated the increased chlorophyll production in treated plants to the presence of betaines in seaweed extract. However, according to the literature, there is a close relationship between chlorophyll synthesis and the applied dose of seaweed extract; where lower doses would be the most effective in promoting increases in chlorophyll content (Jothinayagi and Anbazhagan, 2009). The method of application is also referred as crucial factor to trigger increases in the chlorophyll content (Matysiak et al., 2011). ...
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Genetic, biochemical and physiological parameters of plants can be changed by applying seaweed extract-based products. However, there is scarce information about the influence of seaweed extract on yarrow performance (Achillea millefolium L.), which is widely used in the folk medicine. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ascophyllum nodosum extract on plant development (leaf and root biomass, and leaf area), physiological indexes (leaf weight ratio, and root: leaf ratio), secondary metabolite synthesis (phenolic compounds) and antioxidant activity of yarrow. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments (seaweed extract concentrations 0, 3, 6 and 9 mL L-1) and 10 replications. The higher concentration of seaweed extract caused higher total dry weight of plants (from 17.8 to 19%), especially due to increases in the root biomass (up to 28.5%). Only plants that received the highest concentration of seaweed-based product presented increments in the number of leaves when compared to the control plants (18.3 %). Furthermore, the use of A. nodosum extract 9 mL L-1 provided increases in the antioxidant activity and synthesis of phenolic compounds in leaves (up to 30.44%). In conclusion, application of A. nodosum is a potential tool to improve the quality of raw material from yarrow plants, since it increased the phenolic compound content and antioxidant activity in leaves, which are the plant organs commonly used in folk medicine.
... Pusa Gold and beyond this concentration, these variables decreased significantly. Also there are reports of the effect of this LSE concentration from this seaweed on the fresh and dry weigth of Abelemoschus esculentus (Jothinayagi andAnbazhagan 2009). Vinoth, et al. (2012) report the effect of extracts from Gracilaria edulis and Sargassum wightii in shoot elongation and rooting of elongated shoots of Lycopersicon esculentum at concentrations of 30% and 50%, respectively; and noted that they have better results than the application of synthetic hormones to the cultures, particularly, through micropropagation technique. ...
... After washing, the seeds were sterilized by keeping in 0.1% mercuric chloride for 5 minutes. The surface sterilized seeds were washed in distilled water and rinsed 5 times for 5 minutes each 12 . The surface sterilized and rinsed seeds were employed for the present study. ...
Article
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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer (SLF) obtained using Colpomenia sinuosa (Mert. ex Roth) Derbes & Solier collected from Koothankuzhi, Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu, India on seed germination, shoot length, root length, biochemicals and pigment content of Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek. The seeds of Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek. were treated in different concentration such as 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% of Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer prepared from Colpomenia sinuosa (Mert. ex Roth) Derbes & Solier. The seed germination, shoot and root length, the biochemicals such as total carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, phenols, chlorophylls and carotenoids were increased when the Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek. treated from 2.5% to 10% of Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer. The seed germination, shoot length, root length, biochemical and pigment content were maximum at 10% SLF.
... After washing, the seeds were sterilized by keeping in 0.1% mercuric chloride for 5 minutes. The surface sterilized seeds were washed in distilled water and rinsed 5 times for 5 minutes each 10 . The surface sterilized and rinsed seeds were employed for the present study. ...
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The present study was carried out to investigate the influence of Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer (SLF) of the brown seaweed Colpomenia sinuosa (Mert. ex Roth) Derbes & Solier on the seed germination, shoot length, root length, biochemical contents and pigment characteristics of Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. Experiments were conducted on Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. to study the potential brown seaweed Colpomenia sinuosa (Mert. ex Roth) Derbes & Solier as a biofertilizer. The Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer was prepared in four different concentrations separately (2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10%). The 10% concentration of SLF showed the best positive results on seed germination, shoot length, root length, biochemicals such as total carbohydrates, total proteins, total lipids, total phenols and pigments namely total chlorophylls, total caraotenoids. The data generated from the present study reveal that the Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer of Colpomenia sinuosa (Mert. ex Roth) Derbes & Solier can be used as biofertilizer to increase the product of Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.
... After washing, the seeds were sterilized by keeping in 0.1% mercuric chloride for 5 minutes. The surface sterilized seeds were washed in distilled water and rinsed 5 times for 5 minutes each 12 . The surface sterilized and rinsed seeds were employed for the present study. ...
Article
Full-text available
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer (SLF) obtained using Colpomenia sinuosa (Mert. ex Roth) Derbes & Solier collected from Koothankuzhi, Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu, India on seed germination, shoot length, root length, biochemicals and pigment content of Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek. The seeds of Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek. were treated in different concentration such as 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% of Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer prepared from Colpomenia sinuosa (Mert. ex Roth) Derbes & Solier. The seed germination, shoot and root length, the biochemicals such as total carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, phenols, chlorophylls and carotenoids were increased when the Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek. treated from 2.5% to 10% of Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer. The seed germination, shoot length, root length, biochemical and pigment content were maximum at 10% SLF.
... Seaweeds have recently gained importance as foliar sprays for several crops because the extract contains growth promoting hormones (IAA and IBA), cytokinins, trace elements, vitamins and amino acids. Seaweed fertilizer was found to be superior to chemical fertilizer because to the high level of organic matter aids in retaining moisture and minerals in the upper soil level available to roots [4]. ...
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The aim of the present research is to study the influence of Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer of Gracilaria dura (Ag.) J.Ag. on seed germination, shoot length, root length, biochemicals and pigment content of Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. The Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer prepared from Gracilaria dura (Ag.) J.Ag. was observed to have the positive effects on the shoot and root length of Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. The biochemicals such as total carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, phenols, chlorophylls and carotenoids also increased when the Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. treated with high concentration of Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer. The seed germination, shoot length, root length, biochemical and pigment content was found maximum at 10% SLF. Hence Gracilaria dura (Ag.) J.Ag. can provide dietary alternatives due to their nutritional values and can be used as biofertilizer for the growth of Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. INTRODUCTION Seaweeds have been used for several purposes especially for human consumption in many parts of the world. Seaweeds can also serve as a source of minerals, vitamins, free aminoacids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Seaweeds can be classified as red algae (Rhodophyta), brown algae (Phaeophyta) and green algae (Chlorophyta) depending on their nutrient and chemical composition. Seaweeds are rich in beneficial nutrients, in countries such as China, Japan and Korea. Seaweeds have been commonly utilized in human alimentation. Further, marine algae have been utilized in Japan as raw materials in the manufacture of many seaweed food products, such as jam, cheese, wine, tea, soup and noodles and in the western countries, mainly as a source of polysaccharides for food and pharmaceutical uses [1,2]. In recent years, numerous species of red seaweeds were evaluated for the potential growth rates and dry weight yields. The studies demonstrated that the genus Gracilaria was the most attractive candidate because of its ability to achieve high yields and while producing commercially valuable extracts. Gracilaria (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) is a seaweed group with more than300 species of which 160 have been accepted taxonomically. These are usually red, green or greenish brown with a three-phase cycle and can be found in tropical and subtropical seas. Seaweed extracts as liquid fertilizers have come in market. Recent researches have proved that SLF (Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer) is better than other chemical fertilizers [3]. Seaweeds have recently gained importance as foliar sprays for several crops because the extract contains growth promoting hormones (IAA and IBA), cytokinins, trace elements, vitamins and amino acids. Seaweed fertilizer was found to be superior to chemical fertilizer because to the high level of organic matter aids in retaining moisture and minerals in the upper soil level available to roots [4]. Seaweed is constantly worn down by tides and eaten by fish, so it must grow rapidly to survive. A frond of seaweed can grow a foot or more a day, given optimal conditions. The seaweeds when applied to plants as a foliar spray can increase the rate of cell division and elongation in those plants. The hormones also increase root growth when applied to the soil as a meal or when seaweed extract is used as a root dip. The seeds soaked in liquid seaweed extract showed rapid germination and the resulting seedlings had increased root mass and stronger plant growth than seedlings from untreated seeds. They also had a higher survival rate. Soaking plant roots in seaweed extract reduces transport shock and speeds root growth. Seaweed foliar sprays promote faster, stronger stem and leaf growth and earlier blossoming and fruit set sprayed on leaves and flower buds [5]. The present study intends to investigate the effect of Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer (SLF) prepared from Gracilaria dura (Ag.) J.Ag. on the growth, seed germination, biochemicals and pigment concentration of Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.
... Venkataraman Kumar et al. (1993) reported to promote early seedling growth in black gram up to 0.75% and in green gram 1.5% with the prepared extract from Sargassum plagiophyllum and commercial seaweed extract (SM3). Jothinayagi and Anbazhagan (2009) has been reported that at 20% concentration of brown alga of Sargassum wightii and red alga Rosenvingea intricata (Thirumaran et al., 2009) increased shoot length, root length, fresh and dry weight of Abelmoschus esculentus and Cyamopsis tetragonolaba, respectively. ...
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Today, the challenges faced for higher yield of crop, require implementing modern agricultural practices including use of variety of fertilizers. The commercially available inorganic fertilizer has many environmental hazardous issues that have been supplement by Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer. Seaweeds contains considerable amount of micronutrients and plant growth hormones which helps in seed germination. The Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer prepared from Ulva lactuca, Ulva reticulata, Padina pavonica, Sargassum johnstonii. The effect of Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer by different concentrations like 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and control (without treatment) were studied for electrical conductivity, seed germination, shoot height, root height, seedling length and seed vigour index content of Solanum melongena, Solanum lycopersicum and Capsicum annum baby plant. The aim of our study was to evaluate effect of different concentration of Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer on vegetables seeds by the paper towel method and pot method maintained under natural conditions. The finding of the present study showed that the brown Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer gave better result as compared to green Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer at 4% concentration.
... The Seaweed extracts such as Cold extract, Hot water extract and Low temperature extract were subjected to phytochemical analysis to confirm the presence of biomolecules using standard qualitative analysis. It helps to determine the presence of phytochemicals in seaweed extracts which indirectly influences the growth and yield of the selected plant 18 . ...
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Agriculture is the backbone of our country. Now-a-days synthetic fertilizers were mostly used in agriculture when compared with bio-fertilizers. Prolonged usage results in diminishing soil fertility, soil erosion, health threads to human, livestock and also microbial community present in the soil. To overcome this problem and to increase the efficiency of plant cultivation, seaweed extracts can be used as fertilizers in sustainable agriculture. Seaweed extracts act as bio stimulants mainly due to the presence of plant hormones. The phyto-hormones identified in seaweed extracts are auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid and ethylene. When compared to other marine algae Phaeophyceae (brown algae) shows better results than Chlorophyceae (green) and Rhodophyceae (red). Efficiency of the Seaweed Liquid Extract was observed by performing the experiments at different concentration such as 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% and 1%. Seaweed extractwas applied to plant in three different ways such as soil treatment, foliar spray and Seed Treatment. By observing the germination percentage, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot length, root length, wet weight, and dry weight of the plants; efficiency of the Seaweeds Liquid Fertilizer can be determined. The objective of this study is to increase the soil fertility using algal extract (Sargassum tenerrimum) as a fertilizer and also to improve the seed germination, growth, yield as well as quality for better production and process.
... The phycocolloids retain soil moisture, porosity, favour rhizosphere micro organisms, there by caused more nutrients and nitrate absorption resulted into higher overall growth performance as established in the present investigation. Liquid extract obtained from seaweeds has recently gained much interest as soil and foliar spray for inducing shoot growth and yield in orchards and horticultural plants [14][15][16][17][18][19]. Seaweed or its products are commonly used in agriculture to stimulate plant growth and enhance productivity. ...
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This study was undertaken to determine the effect of Kappaphycus alvaerezii SLF on growth, biomass and biochemicals in mulberry leaves, Morus alba L. and its impact on Bombyx mori L. It was found that soil application of SLF of Kappaphycus alvaerezii has enhanced the shoot length, number of leaves, leaf area, circumference of stem, root growth and total biomass by 107%, 100%, 135% , 91%, 140% and 140% respectively at third month after the application of SLF of Kappaphycus alvaerezii in comparison with control. Application of SLFof Kappaphycus alvaerezii also increased the level of total soluble protein by 190%, carbohydrate by 108% and total free amino acid by 131% with respect to control. The impact of SLF grown leaves on overall growth of Bombyx mori was analysed. First instar silkworm larvae were reared on SLF grown leaves as test and leaves normally grown as control. Length and weight of larvae increased at second instar stage by 21% and 18% and fourth instar stage by 11% and 24% over the control. At fifth instar stage, the weight was increased by 37% on compared to control. At first instar stage, larvae fed with test leaves showed an increased total soluble protein level by 49%, carbohydrate by 10% and total free amino acid by 32% more in relation to the control. Moreover at fifth instar stage protein content was more by 41% with respect to the control. From the study it is evidenced that application of SLF of Kappaphycus alvaerezii improved the quality and quantity of mulberry leaves, the only food for Bombyx mori. This impact inturn had a direct bearing on the growth, biomass and biochemical status of Bombyx mori and the quality of cocoon.
... In modern agriculture, marine macroalgae were used as organic fertilizers for many crops [16][17][18][19][20], hence, brown and red algae contain high amount of potassium but have low nitrogen and phosphorus [21]. Ramya et al. [22] concluded that brown alga which contains more hormones, nutrients, vitamins etc., than other seaweeds could be effective in enhancing the growth and physiology of certain plants. ...
... Lower doses of seaweed extract strongly induced the growth in chlorophyll as high doses gave negative result. The effect of extracts from algae on the chlorophyll content in leaves is not identical, and many authors confirm a close relation between the process of formation of the chlorophyll dye and the dose of seaweed extracts (Jothinayagi and Anbazhagan, 2009). ...
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The effect of seaweed liquid fertilizer (SLF) of Hypnea musciformis (wulf.) Lamour.was tested at different concentrations (1, 2, 3 and 4 g/ml) on seed germination and biochemical constituents of Vigna radiata L. The extracts promoted seed germination at lower levels of SLF application. The seeds treated with, 2 g/ ml concentration showed maximum seed germination, radicle length, hypocotyl length, seedling length, fresh weight, phytomass, productivity, phytotoxicity, and photosynthetic pigments like Chlorophyll A, B, and total chlorophyll. Moreover, the different extracts of seaweed were subjected to phytochemical screening. All the tested compounds (tannins, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, and steroids) were present in varied degrees in Hypnea. The result of the present study can help in the identification and selection of raw materials in agriculture and drug industry.
... Zhang et al. 2003;Smit, 2004;Estefanía et al. 2014;Anisimov et al. 2013;Briceño-Domínguez et al. 2014), particularly in India (e.g. Zodape, 2001;Dhargalkar and Pereira, 2005;Christobel, 2008;Jothinayagi and Anbazhagan, 2009;Sridhar and Rengasamy, 2010;Rajarajan et al. 2014). This includes the use of extracts from Sargassum, Ulva, Macrocystis and Gracilaria seaweed genera. ...
Article
Abiotic stresses like drought and salinity are major factors resulting in crop yield losses and soil degradation worldwide. To meet increasing food demands, we must improve crop productivity, especially under increasing abiotic stresses due to climate change. Recent studies suggest that seaweed‐based biostimulants could be a solution for this problem. Here, we summarise the current findings of using these biostimulants and highlight current knowledge gaps. Seaweed extracts were shown to enhance nutrient uptake and improve growth performance in crops under stressed and normal conditions. Seaweed extracts contain several active compounds e.g. polysaccharides, polyphenols and phytohormones. Although some of these compounds have growth‐promoting properties on plants, the molecular mechanisms that underly seaweed extract action remain understudied. In this paper, we review the role of these extracts and their bioactive compounds as plant biostimulants. The targeted application of seaweed extract to improve crop performance and protein accumulation is also discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Algae are a large and diverse group of autotrophic organisms that are multicellular and single-celled and found in a variety of environments. Biofuel production and value-added chemicals produced through a sustainable process are represented by the biorefinery of algae. Algae are important because of the production of polysaccharides, lipids, pigments, proteins, and other compounds for pharmaceutical and nutritional applications. They can also be used as raw materials for biofuel production. Moreover, they are useful for wastewater treatment. All these factors have absorbed the attentions of researchers around the world. This review focuses specifically on the potentials, properties, and applications of algae as a sustainable renewable resource, which can be a good alternative to other sources due to their high biomass production, less land required for cultivation, and the production of valuable metabolites.
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Seaweed or benthic marine algae are the group of plants that live either in marine or brackish water environment. Like the land plants seaweed contains photosynthetic pigments and with the help of sunlight and nutrient present in the seawater, they photosynthesize and produce food. Seaweeds are found in the coastal region between high tide to low tide and in the sub-tidal region up to a depth where 0.01 % photosynthetic light is available. The application of seaweed fertilizer for different crop was of great importance to substitute the commercial chemical fertilizers and to reduce the cost of production. Liquid fertilizers derived from seaweeds are found to be superior to chemical fertilizers due to high level of organic matter, micro and macro elements, vitamins and fatty acids and also rich in growth regulators. In the present study the effect of seaweed liquid fertilizer prepared from different seaweeds Grateloupia lithophila (Red algae), Chaetomorpha linum (Green Algae), Sargassum wightii (Brown algae) at different concentrations (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 100%) on the plant Cajanus cajan were studied. At 30% concentration the SLF prepared from Chaetomorpha linum showed maximum growth parameters on Cajanus cajan. Similarly SLF of Sargassum wightii promoted maximum photosynthetic pigments and biochemical parameters at 20% concentration than the control. Among the three seaweeds used Sargassum wightii and Chaetomorpha linum showed better results than the Grateloupia lithophila at lower concentration. (SLF-Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer).
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The aqueous fresh leaf extract of Rhizophora mucronata Lam. is used for germination of Triticum aestivum (Wheat) and Brassica juncea (Mustard) seeds. The seeds treated with the aqueous extract showed high percentage of germination as well as longer root and shoot length as compared to control and other commercially used biofertilizer like Sargassum treated seeds.
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The study was performed in Horticulture lath house / college of Agriculture & Forestry, University of Mosul to investigate the effect of seed soaking in three concentration of both KNO3 (0, 1000 , 2000 and 3000 mg.l-1 ) and hypertonic (0, 1 and 2 cm3.l-1 ) for 48 hrs and their interaction treatments on percentage germination seed and seedlings growth of "Lotus" persimmon rootstock. Then the seeds stratified in peat moss and sand in nylon bags at 5°C for 100 days. After the period of stratification, the seeds were planted in black polyethylene bags in the lath house on 20th of March, 2010. Parameters of seeds germination and seedling growth were recoded. The results were as follow: Interaction between 2000 mg.l-1 KNO3 and 2 cm3.l-1 hypertonic gave the highest germination of the seeds (85.71%), and Interaction between 3000 mg.l-1 KNO3 and 1 cm3.l-1 hypertonic resulted in a significant increase in seedlings height and diameter and leaves number per seedling as compared with control treatment, while the interaction treatment between 3000 mg.l-1 KNO3 and 2 cm3.l-1 of hypertonic was superior in leave surface area.
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The study was performed in Horticulture lath house / college of Agriculture & Forestry, University of Mosul to investigate the effect of seed soaking in three concentration of both KNO3 (0, 1000 , 2000 and 3000 mg.l-1 ) and hypertonic (0, 1 and 2 cm3 .l-1 ) for 48 hrs and their interaction treatments on percentage germination seed and seedlings growth of "Lotus" persimmon rootstock. Then the seeds stratified in peat moss and sand in nylon bags at 5°C for 100 days. After the period of stratification, the seeds were planted in black polyethylene bags in the lath house on 20th of March, 2010. Parameters of seeds germination and seedling growth were recoded. The results were as follow: Interaction between 2000 mg.l-1 KNO3 and 2 cm 3 .l-1 hypertonic gave the highest germination of the seeds (85.71%), and Interaction between 3000 mg.l-1 KNO3 and 1 cm3 .l-1 hypertonic resulted in a significant increase in seedlings height and diameter and leaves number per seedling as compared with control treatment, while the interaction treatment between 3000 mg.l-1 KNO3 and 2 cm3 .l-1 of hypertonic was superior in leave surface area.
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Seaweeds or marine macroalgae are rich in diverse compounds like lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, phytohormones, amino acids, osmoprotectants, antimicrobial compounds and minerals. Their potential for agricultural applications is used since antiquity, but recent demands of organic farming and organic food stimulated much the application of organic treatments like seaweed extracts in agriculture. The benefits of seaweeds application in agricultural field are numerous and diverse such as stimulation of seed germination, enhancement of health and growth of plants namely shoot and root elongation, improved water and nutrient uptake, frost and saline resistance, biocontrol and resistance toward phytopathogenic organisms, remediation of pollutants of contaminated soil and fertilization. In this review, scientific progress in this field was collected and critically assessed to lay grounds for further investigations and applications.
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Exploitation of seaweed as a manure has only met with variable success owing to rising cost of collection and transportation of the raw material, the introduction of mineral fertilizers, and the lack of published scientific evidence about the value of seaweed as a plant nutrient. Results of some controlled field experiments indicate that seaweed is of benefit to crops while other evidence is contradictory. It is probable that erratic results have been due to variation in any of the following: climatic and soil conditions of field experiments, botanical and geographical source of seaweed, method of seaweed processing, and form of seaweed products. The authors have set out to demonstrate on a small scale whether or not seaweed extracts promote the growth of higher plants and have begun an analysis of the factors which affect the response. A method of screening seaweed extract has been employed using vermiculite as culture medium, with mustard, Sinapis alba, as test plant and growth was determined by measuring height of seedlings, also fresh weight and dry weight. Extracts of fresh seaweeds were prepared and their effects on the growth of mustard compared with those of a commercial seaweed extract. Significant results were obtained twenty days after germination of the seed and the method is useful for giving a fairly rapid assessment of the growth response obtainable with numerous batches of seaweed extracts.
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The present status of work on gibberellins and gibberellin-like substances in algae has been reviewed in the light of recent developments in research on higher plants. We emphasize the needs to develop specific algal bioassays, and to establish the chemical identity of gibberellins which are indigenous to algae. The attainment of these objectives will provide a firmer foundation from which to speculate and experiment upon the role(s), if any, which gibberellins and gibberellin-like substances play in the physiology and ecology of algae.
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Application to the soil of an aqueous alkaline extract ofAscophyllum nodosum resulted in higher concentrations of chlorophyll in the leaves of treated plants in comparison to control plants treated with an equivalent volume of water. Positive results were obtained with all species tested (tomato, dwarf French bean, wheat, barley, maize). When the seaweed extract was applied as a foliar spray, similar effects on leaf chlorophyll contents were obtained, except in the case of dwarf French bean plants, for which no significant difference was recorded between test and control plants. When the betaines present in the seaweed extract were applied as a mixture in the same concentrations as those in the diluted seaweed extract (-aminobutyric acid betaine 0.96 mg L–1, -aminovaleric acid betaine 0.43 mg L–1, glycinebetaine 0.34 mg L–1), very similar leaf chlorophyll levels were recorded for the seaweed extract and betaine treated plants. This suggests strongly that the enhanced leaf chlorophyll content of plants treated with seaweed extract is dependent on the betaines present.
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Since 1922 when Wu proposed the use of the Folin phenol reagent for the measurement of proteins (l), a number of modified analytical pro- cedures ut.ilizing this reagent have been reported for the determination of proteins in serum (2-G), in antigen-antibody precipitates (7-9), and in insulin (10). Although the reagent would seem to be recommended by its great sen- sitivity and the simplicity of procedure possible with its use, it has not found great favor for general biochemical purposes. In the belief that this reagent, nevertheless, has considerable merit for certain application, but that its peculiarities and limitations need to be understood for its fullest exploitation, it has been studied with regard t.o effects of variations in pH, time of reaction, and concentration of react- ants, permissible levels of reagents commonly used in handling proteins, and interfering subst.ances. Procedures are described for measuring pro- tein in solution or after precipitation wit,h acids or other agents, and for the determination of as little as 0.2 y of protein.
Seaweeds as manure: II pot culture manorial experiments on wheat
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