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Arboretum and demonstration site catalogue REINFFORCE (REsource INFrastructures for monitoring, adapting and protecting European Atlantic FORests under Changing climate)

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FOREWORD This document summarises the work that has been achieved after 5 years of efforts to set up the REINFFORCE infrastructure. It has been a huge challenge to move from the simple idea of designing a research tool for climate change adaptation to the actual implementation of this tool: to agree on protocols, find seeds, produce 150 000 seedlings, design demonstration sites and set up databases. I would like to thank all those who contributed to making this idea become a reality, which not only requested the necessary funding, but also a lot of patience and passion. This document does not describe the end of a story but rather the beginning of one. Thanks to INTERREG IVB EA funds, a unique research tool has been designed to work on forest adaptation to climate change. In this catalogue, you will find all useful information concerning the design and content of the 79 trials that are part of this infrastructure; information to understand the data collected, the species planted, the effects observed. You are welcome to contact the coordinator or trial managers directly for questions on some results or to propose collaboration on a specific species or a specific issue that has been addressed thanks to this infrastructure. Christophe Orazio
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... Established in 2012, this network, named the REINFFORCE Network (RÉseau INFrastructure de recherche pour le suivi et l'adaptation des FORêts au Changement climatiquE), extends from Scotland (North) to Lisbon (South), and from Bordeaux (East) to the Azores (West), taking advantage of very different climatic conditions. The north-south and east-west extent of this network allows responses such as survival and growth to be measured along gradients of climatic factors covering expected changes and the range of predicted future climate scenarios [18]. Each test site is planted with the same 33 species with three mandatory provenances each, with additional provenances selected by each partner [18]. ...
... The north-south and east-west extent of this network allows responses such as survival and growth to be measured along gradients of climatic factors covering expected changes and the range of predicted future climate scenarios [18]. Each test site is planted with the same 33 species with three mandatory provenances each, with additional provenances selected by each partner [18]. ...
... This network consists of 38 planting sites, called arboreta, each one of which contains a collection of exactly the same base material of 33 species ideally represented by three mandatory provenances selected from contrasting climate conditions within its current distribution range, in order to capture maximum species variability [18]. However, Eucalyptus spp. ...
Article
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To anticipate European climate scenarios for the end of the century, we explored the climate gradient within the REINFFORCE (RÉseau INFrastructure de recherche pour le suivi et l’adaptation des FORêts au Changement climatiquE) arboreta network, established in 38 sites between latitudes 37° and 57°, where 33 tree species are represented. We aim to determine which climatic variables best explain their survival and growth, and identify those species that are more tolerant of climate variation and those of which the growth and survival future climate might constrain. We used empirical models to determine the best climatic predictor variables that explain tree survival and growth. Precipitation-transfer distance was most important for the survival of broadleaved species, whereas growing-season-degree days best explained conifer-tree survival. Growth (annual height increment) was mainly explained by a derived annual dryness index (ADI) for both conifers and broadleaved trees. Species that showed the greatest variation in survival and growth in response to climatic variation included Betula pendula Roth, Pinus elliottii Engelm., and Thuja plicata Donn ex D.Don, and those that were least affected included Quercus shumardii Buckland and Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold. We also demonstrated that provenance differences were significant for Pinus pinea L., Quercus robur L., and Ceratonia siliqua L. Here, we demonstrate the usefulness of infrastructures along a climatic gradient like REINFFORCE to determine major tendencies of tree species responding to climate changes.
Technical Report
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D3.5 – Guidelines for the deployment of basic material and seed transfer Trees4Future ( FP7 284181) Page 4 of 27 1. S ummary As a result of climate change the presently used deployment areas for forest reproductive material (FRM) may not be the optimal in the near future. One way to address this problem is assisted migratio n (AM), which is defined as the human assisted movement of species in response to climate change. To estimate the optimal rate of transfer to be recommended, data from provenance trials can be used. Numerous provenance trials have been established during t he last century for many tree species. The response of the provenances to a transfer is the result of a combination of genetic change and phenotypic plasticity. On the other hand, the effects of a transfer on phenology, pests and diseases as well as pertur bations are not covered well by provenance trials. In order for assisted migration to be functional in Europe it is important that transfer of FRM can be applied without bothering political borders . Moreover, phenotypic plasticity is a relevant criterion t o be consider ed, but the adaptive/neutral/non - adaptive nature of plasticity for each trait or groups of traits must be taken into account. I t is very important that climate data on the smallest resolution available is used, and that also the most sophistic ated climate change scenarios are used. This paper presents three practical examples on the use of data from provenance trials for the definition of future deployment areas for FRM in Europe .
Laricio variety corsican -Slogne Vayrières -France PINI-VAYR Laricio variety calabrian -Les Barnes-Sivens -France PINI-SIVE Salzmannii -ES07b -Sistema Iberico Meridional, Sur de Cuenca -Spain PINI-CUEN Laricio variety corsican -Haute Sierre seed tree
  • Washington Cascade
  • Usa Psme-Wash Luzette -France
  • Psme-Luze Central California -Usa Psme-Ceca California -French Seed Orchard Psme-Cali Siskyou Oregon -Usa Psme-Orsi Variety Glauca Arizona
  • Usa Psme-Ariz Oregon Cascade -Usa Psme-Orca Oregon Coast -Usa Psme-Orco Northern California -Usa Psme-Noca Port Angeles Washington -Usa Psme-Poan Colorado -Usa Psme-Colo New Mexico -Usa Psme-Nmex Laricio
Washington Cascade -USA PSME-WASH Luzette -France PSME-LUZE Central California -USA PSME-CECA California -French seed orchard PSME-CALI Siskyou Oregon -USA PSME-ORSI Variety glauca Arizona -USA PSME-ARIZ Oregon Cascade -USA PSME-ORCA Oregon Coast -USA PSME-ORCO Northern California -USA PSME-NOCA Port Angeles Washington -USA PSME-POAN Colorado -USA PSME-COLO New Mexico -USA PSME-NMEX Laricio and Salzmannii Laricio variety corsican -Slogne Vayrières -France PINI-VAYR Laricio variety calabrian -Les Barnes-Sivens -France PINI-SIVE Salzmannii -ES07b -Sistema Iberico Meridional, Sur de Cuenca -Spain PINI-CUEN Laricio variety corsican -Haute Sierre seed tree orchard -France PINI-CORS Salzmannii -ES10 -Soria -Spain PINI-SORI Salzmannii -St Guilhem Besseges Gard -France PINI-BESS Salzmannii -ES08a -Cordillera Ceticas, Cazorla Alcaraz -Spain PINI-CAZO Pinus peuce Gotse Delchev -Bulgary PIPE-GODE Pelister National park -Macedonia PIPE-MACE Pinus pinaster Mimizan -Landes -France PIPT-LAND Picard (Lande Corse) -France PIPT-LACO Tamjout (Collobriere) -Morocco -French seeds orchard PIPT-TAMJ Leiria -Portugal PIPT-LEIR Cordal de Loba (Monfero) -Spain PIPT-CORD ES12 -Serrania de Cuenca -Spain PIPT-CUEN ES06 -Sierra de Gredos -Spain PIPT-GRED ES16 -Levante -Spain PIPT-LEVA Pinus pinea 2 Valles del Tietar y del Alberche -Spain PIPI-CAST Italy PIPI-ITAL Région méditerranéenne -France PIPI-FRAN Vendas Novas -Portugal PIPI-VEND ES A -Biar -Spain PIPI-LEVA Malaga -Spain PIPI-MALA Pinus ponderosa Southern Rockies (New Mexico) -USA PIPO-MEXI Central California -USA PIPO-CALI Oregon -USA PIPO-OREG Dakota -USA PIPO-DAKO Colorado -USA PIPO-COLO Idaho -USA PIPO-IDAH
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Effe cts of clim ate cha nge on fore st ecos yste ms in Iber ian Pen insu la. CIF-Lou rizá n
  • Arboretum De La Bonne Foussie
Arboretum de La Bonne Foussie. Sarlande, France. 2013. Effe cts of clim ate cha nge on fore st ecos yste ms in Iber ian Pen insu la. CIF-Lou rizá n, Spa in. 201 0