Creativity: Understanding Innovation in Problem Solving, Science, Invention, and the Arts
Abstract
How cognitive psychology explains human creativity
Conventional wisdom holds that creativity is a mysterious quality present in a select few individuals. The rest of us, the common view goes, can only stand in awe of great creative achievements: we could never paint Guernica or devise the structure of the DNA molecule because we lack access to the rarified thoughts and inspirations that bless geniuses like Picasso or Watson and Crick. Presented with this view, today's cognitive psychologists largely differ finding instead that "ordinary" people employ the same creative thought processes as the greats. Though used and developed differently by different people, creativity can and should be studied as a positive psychological feature shared by all humans.
Creativity: Understanding Innovation in Problem Solving, Science, Invention, and the Arts presents the major psychological theories of creativity and illustrates important concepts with vibrant and detailed case studies that exemplify how to study creative acts with scientific rigor.
Creativity includes:
Two in-depth case studies—Watson and Crick's modeling of the DNA structure and Picasso's painting of Guernica— serve as examples throughout the text
Methods used by psychologists to study the multiple facets of creativity
The "ordinary thinking" or cognitive view of creativity and its challengers
How problem–solving and experience relate to creative thinking
Genius and madness and the relationship between creativity and psychopathology
The possible role of the unconscious in creativity
Psychometrics—testing for creativity and how personality factors affect creativity
Confluence theories that use cognitive, personality, environmental, and other components to describe creativity
Clearly and engagingly written by noted creativity expert Robert Weisberg, Creativity: Understanding Innovation in Problem Solving, Science, Invention, and the Arts takes both students and lay readers on an in-depth journey through contemporary cognitive psychology, showing how the discipline understands one of the most fundamental and fascinating human abilities.
"This book will be a hit. It fills a large gap in the literature. It is a well-written, scholarly, balanced, and engaging book that will be enjoyed by students and faculty alike."
—David Goldstein, University of Toronto
... Some experience rapid growth in website traffic, customer conversions, and product sales, while others may face challenges and uncertainties in achieving their goals. These differences raise critical questions about what influences 2. Literature Review 3.3 Creativity Weisberg (2006) highlights that creative thinking involves a cognitive process that fosters innovation, paralleling the mental activities used in daily life [7]. Such thinking is integral to the development of new, innovative products. ...
... Some experience rapid growth in website traffic, customer conversions, and product sales, while others may face challenges and uncertainties in achieving their goals. These differences raise critical questions about what influences 2. Literature Review 3.3 Creativity Weisberg (2006) highlights that creative thinking involves a cognitive process that fosters innovation, paralleling the mental activities used in daily life [7]. Such thinking is integral to the development of new, innovative products. ...
... This involves both the creation of entirely new concepts and the innovative rearrangement of existing knowledge and experiences. Three aspects put forward by [7] in creative thinking are input in the form of stimuli, process, ordinary thinking, and outcome, a creative product. Creative thinking using ordinary thinking means a complex activity involving various components. ...
Digital marketing has become one of the most sought-after mediums by the general public and businesses today. This marketing method allows for an expanded market reach, faster communication, and ease in transaction processes. This research aims to investigate and describe the relationship between the level of creativity in a company's digital marketing strategy and its success in achieving marketing goals, such as increased website traffic, customer conversions, or product sales. This study adopts a qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews with respondents as the primary method. A literature review is also used to obtain theoretical or secondary data in this research. The literature review involves researching books, literature, and official documents relevant to the research topic. The research results indicate that creativity in digital marketing plays a crucial role in achieving marketing success. Entrepreneurs must possess entrepreneurial creativity that enables them to create or modify new ideas in running their businesses. The steps in digital marketing assist companies in promoting and marketing their products or services more effectively. Another advantage is the ability to convey information to consumers more rapidly and efficiently regarding geographical reach and communication methods. This research has significant implications for companies looking to enhance their digital marketing performance. Companies can develop more effective approaches to achieve their marketing objectives by understanding the importance of creativity in digital marketing strategies. Additionally, the results of this research can serve as a foundation for further studies in this field and contribute to a better understanding of the role of creativity in digital marketing success.
... Creativity drives new ideas by transforming practical knowledge into innovative solutions, and when linked to customer needs, products and services can be customized (Tippmann, Sharkey Scott, and Parker 2017;Weisberg 2006). ...
... By facing real challenges and seeking practical solutions, problem solving increases practical knowledge through experience in implementing solutions and overcoming obstacles, refining the necessary technical and operational skills, providing a solid foundation for the development of innovative solutions, creating insights into technical limitations, available resources and best practices that can be applied in the innovation process, allowing emerging customer needs to be met more effectively (Weisberg 2006;López Hernández, Edwards Schachter, and Fernández-Mesa 2018). ...
Organizations have been searching for strategies to adapt to technological changes and maintain their competitive advantage. In the search for innovation as a competitive differential, the demand for technical and interpersonal skills emerges to enhance the value cocreation efficiency and the company–customer relationship. However, we identify a gap in the literature regarding the characterization of these competencies. Therefore, the present study intends to contribute by mapping the competencies and their effects on the value cocreation. Thus, this research aims to identify which competencies (described as knowledge, skills and attitudes) are necessary to cocreate value in the technological environment. As a result, through a systematic literature review, a set of knowledge and skills have been identified: (i) innovation capacity, (ii) detailed understanding of customer's needs, (iii) involvement in networks, (iv) practical knowledge, (v) creativity and (vi) solving problems skills. These competencies contribute to the understanding and structuring of cocreation actions.
... The dimension of an idea includes the birth of the idea (Thompson, 1965), the introduction of the idea (Gupta, 2018), the transformation of the idea, and the implementation of the product of creativity (Alves et al., 2007). The dimension of a practice includes acceptance, implementation of a new idea, process (Thompson, 1965), creative process (Weisberg, 2006), methodology, device, or process (Gupta, 2018). The dimension of an object includes a new product (Thompson, 1965) or creative product (Weisberg, 2006). ...
... The dimension of a practice includes acceptance, implementation of a new idea, process (Thompson, 1965), creative process (Weisberg, 2006), methodology, device, or process (Gupta, 2018). The dimension of an object includes a new product (Thompson, 1965) or creative product (Weisberg, 2006). Innovation at the very least encompasses a new product and new process (Simonetti et al., 1995) produced by a creative individual. ...
This article discusses the process and products of innovation in batik motif design in the Fashion Design study program of the Faculty of Art and Design in Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Surakarta, Indonesia. The research population is 15 students and the report descriptions of each of their art theses. In the context of the innovation process, it was found that artefacts, ceremonies, legends, nature, and performing art phenomena all served as sources of inspiration for innovation in the design of batik motifs which were manifested in various alternative sketches, developed to become selected sketches, and perfected in the final design. In the context of the products of innovation, it was found that the innovations in batik motif design were based on single and multiple motifs that were arranged based on repetition, single, additive, and hypotactic patterns on the medium of a large piece of cloth, using techniques of drawing, dabbing, and painting, to become a piece of batik cloth or a batik painting.
... Several lines of research have attempted to explain the process responsible for solving a well-known class of problems defined as insight problems. Most approaches in the literature agree that non-insight problems can be solved through a continuous step-by-step process based on trial and error; however, there is no concordance among these theories for insight problems (Gilhooly et al. 2018), in particular between the special process view (e.g., DeCaro and Wieth 2016;Jung-Beeman et al. 2004;Kershaw and Ohlsson 2004;Knoblich et al. 1999Knoblich et al. , 2001Öllinger et al. 2006;Schooler et al. 1993) and the business-as-usual approach (e.g., Chronicle et al. 2004;Chuderski and Jastrzębski 2018;Danek et al. 2016;Weisberg 2004, 2013;Kaplan and Simon 1990;Perkins 1981;Stuyck et al. 2022;Weisberg 2006Weisberg , 2015, to such an extent that some researchers even consider the traditional classification of problems into insight and non-insight categories irrelevant (i.e., Salmon-Mordekovich and Leikin 2023). ...
While there is broad consensus that non-insight problems are typically solved through conscious, stepwise processes, the mechanisms underlying insight problem solving remain under debate. According to the special process view, insight relies on an unconscious restructuring that is susceptible to verbal overshadowing. In contrast, the business-as-usual approach maintains that insight and non-insight solutions both emerge via similar, conscious procedures that should be unaffected by verbalization. A third, challenging, perspective, the unconscious analytic thought approach, claims that the insight problem-solving process is not only unconscious but also analytic, instead of being merely associative. Actually, this process requires cognitive resources also works at an unconscious layer, suggesting that it can be disrupted by forced verbalization, which demands great cognitive effort. Therefore, according to this approach, being asked to verbalize the simultaneous processing of insight problem solving would hampers restructuring. To disentangle these positions, we compared participants’ performances on an insight problem and a non-insight problem under either concurrent verbalization or silent conditions. Our results show that verbalization significantly hampered insight problem solving, yet dramatically aided non-insight performance. Overall, our results provide evidence supporting the role of unconscious analytic processes in the resolution of insight problems, in contrast with the stepwise, conscious procedure used for the resolution of non-insight problems.
... Thus, the data for this case include our construction of his life (acting as his newest gatekeepers), accounts of his view of himself, and written material about Fritz Haber, the man. Similar to Weisberg's (2006) case studies about the discovery of the DNA double helix and Picasso's Guernica, the case study of Haber provides ''us with 'data' of a sort we will have occasion to refer to many times as we consider theorizing'' legacy as a creative process (p. 6). ...
Issues of legacy are central to our modern discourse as we reexamine the actions, values, and virtues of individuals using contemporary social mores. This tension between creative development and present-day ethics highlights an enigma for the person who wishes to be remembered through the generations. However, the answer is simple: a person’s legacy is a creative product of gatekeepers. We look at the life of Fritz Haber—famed chemist, Nobel laureate, and the father of chemical warfare—to illustrate this phenomenon. Primary data in this case are print material (e.g. biographies) that were coded for their characterization of Haber as either a “brilliant scientist,” “unethical antagonist,” or a hybrid as a “complex man.” Our analysis demonstrated that Haber’s characterization was informed by the lenses and roles of the print material authors. Results demonstrated the situated, complex, and dynamic ways that gatekeepers portrayed Haber, and thus constructed his legacy for posterity. This case study exemplifies the emergence of legacy as social creation among gatekeepers.
... Pengetahuan memainkan peran penting dalam berbagai aktivitas mental, termasuk pemecahan masalah, berpikir kreatif yang memengaruhi proses kognitif seperti penyimpanan dan pengambilan informasi dari ingatan, perhatian selektif, dan pemahaman bahasa. Penggunaan pengetahuan sebelumnya membantu kita menangkap, mengingat, dan memproses informasi lebih efektif di berbagai situasi (Weisberg, 2006). Pemecahan masalah adalah proses kreatif dimana melalui kegiatan penelitian dan penemuan, memungkinkan siswa membentuk, merevisi, dan mengaitkan pengetahuan mereka dengan sistem yang lebih luas (Nikolić & Antonijević, 2024). ...
Pembelajaran digital telah memberikan peran penting dalam menjembatani belajar konsep, media ini dirancang dengan memfokuskan pada aktivitas belajar yang dapat mengarahkan pada kemampuan berpikir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi efektivitas penggunaan media Interactive Digital Teaching Material (IDTM) dalam meningkatkan kemampuan decision making dan problem solving mahasiswa konsep metabolisme. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain pre-eksperimen one group pretest-posttest, dengan subjek sebanyak 36 mahasiswa semester III di Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi. Kemampuan pengambilan keputusan dan pemecahan masalah diukur melalui aktivitas mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan studi kasus yang tersedia pada IDTM. Instrumen yang digunakan : 1. instrumen lembar kerja mahasiswa dan instrumen test masing-masing sebanyak 2 soal. Hasil menunjukkan kemampuan pengambilan keputusan dan pemecahan masalah memperoleh nilai n-gain 56,19 dan 56,25 pada kriteria cukup efektif dan pada taraf signifikasi (α 0,05) IDTM memberikan peningkatan yang sangat signifikan. Hal tersebut menunjukkan pembelajaran melalui IDTM mengarahkan aktivitas pembelajaran seperti mengamati, mendeskripsikan tabel, mendiskusikan berbagai variabel, menganalisis hubungan antara faktor penyebab dan variabel, mengevaluasi data, mengidentifikasi pola, serta membuat kesimpulan ilmiah. Belajar melalui Fitur studi kasus di IDTM membantu mahasiswa mengintegrasikan pengetahuan teoretis dengan konteks nyata, meningkatkan keterampilan analitis, evaluatif, kolaborati sehingga berpotensi menjadi media pembelajaran efektif untuk mengembangkan kemampuan decision making dan problem solving.
... These hypotheses can be categorized into two main groups: the conscious-work hypothesis and the unconscious-work hypothesis (Sio & Ormerod, 2009). The conscious-work hypothesis suggests that the incubation reduces mental fatigue, allowing individuals to engage in intermittent conscious work during this stage (Browne & Cruse, 1988;Posner, 1973;Weisberg, 2006). In other words, problem-solving processes still involve conscious control during the incubation. ...
The present study employed a multivariate meta-analysis technique to investigate the influence of incubation on creative tasks, examining the role of moderators in their relationship. Analyses with 195 effect sizes obtained from 52 studies found a mean effect size of Cohen’s d = 0.393, 95% confidence interval [0.253, 0.533]. Further analysis focused on moderators and indicated that the incubation effect in creativity was moderated by the cue type. When effect sizes were compared at beneficial or irrelevant cues, a stronger and more negative mean effect size was obtained at misleading cues, suggesting a pronounced impact of incubation in facilitating cognitive rigidity, fostering unconventional thinking, and facilitating the emergence of creative ideas. Remarkably, the incubation effect remained consistent across various moderator variables, such as cognitive load, underscoring its robustness as a cognitive phenomenon. This meta-analysis contributed to a deeper understanding and practical application of incubation in the domain of creativity, while offering valuable reference points for future investigations into its underlying mechanisms.
... The inherent combinatorial characteristic of innovation has led scholars to focus on the question of how new technologies build on prior art and on how inventors combine and transfer knowledge across technological domains. Specifically, the mechanism of analogical transfer Weisberg, 2006;Gentner and Markman, 1997) has been shown to apply quite broadly and is the most important cognitive mechanism used by inventors. Such recombination of ideas underlies ongoing technological change and is one aspect of generating economic spillover or benefits to a given sector not due to that sectors efforts alone. ...
The purpose of this study is to investigate the structure and evolution of knowledge spillovers across technological domains. Specifically, dynamic patterns of knowledge flow among 29 technological domains, measured by patent citations for eight distinct periods, are identified and link prediction is tested for capability for forecasting the evolution in these cross-domain patent networks. The overall success of the predictions using the Katz metric implies that there is a tendency to generate increased knowledge flows mostly within the set of previously linked technological domains. This study contributes to innovation studies by characterizing the structural change and evolutionary behaviors in dynamic technology networks and by offering the basis for predicting the emergence of future technological knowledge flows.
... Scholars such as Simonton (2007) and Weisberg (2006) have categorized interpretations of creativity into two distinct positions. One position emphasizes rationality and logic, while the other position highlights randomness: ...
This article explores the relationship between play and creativity within an educational context, both theoretically and empirically. Empirically, it analyzes and discusses twelve didactic playful learning tools developed by educators in higher education as part of the Danish Playful Learning Project. Theoretically, it outlines key discussions within the field of creativity and relates these to play theory. From the perspective of creativity theory, the study suggests that incorporating coincidences, disruptions, and domain-general approaches in playful learning can enhance participation opportunities, foster flexible thinking, allow room for experimentation, and provide freedom from rigid rules. However, it may also limit possibilities for expression, immersion, improvisation, elaboration, and craftsmanship. Thus, the article demonstrates that insights from the field of creativity can help clarify and improve didactical choices in playful learning.
... The H 6 result proved that training and development significantly influence administrative innovation in SMEs. These findings are in line with the previous research findings (Jiménez-Jiménez & Sanz-Valle, 2008;Laursen & Foss, 2003;Shipton et al., 2005;Tan & Nasurdin, 2011;Weisberg, 2006), which claim that wide-ranging training and development practices leverage employees' growth potential by acquiring critical competencies, skills, extending the breadth and depth of knowledge, and improving the ability to learn and apply learnt behaviour in the innovation process. Performance appraisal is a prime driver for shaping individuals' behaviour competencies and inspiring them to achieve organisational goals (Laursen & Foss, 2014). ...
In the modern business world, organisations are confronting a severe competitive and unceasingly changing condition. In this context, innovation has gained significant popularity in management and entrepreneurship literature as vital in reaping competitive advantage. Thus, organisational practitioners are in the quest to better encourage and organise innovation within their firms to warrant sustainable competitive advantage. However, how to promote innovation within organisations remains obscure and paradoxical. The past literature shows that human resource management practices are the antecedents of firm innovation. Therefore, studies are investigating the role of human resource management in facilitating firm innovation. Nevertheless, empirical evidence remains inconsistent, and theory is fragmented. Notably, the link between human resource management and innovation in Sri Lanka echoes several unresolved aspects. Since scant empirical research has addressed those relationships in developing country contexts, this study explicitly investigates the relationship between human resource management practices and firm innovation in Sri Lankan SMEs. Data were marshalled through a self-reported questionnaire with 214 Sri Lankan SMEs. As a caveat, the reliability and validity of the variables were confirmed. The hypotheses were tested with statistical software, PLS-SEM (Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling). The study revealed that recruitment and selection, training and development, and performance appraisal significantly impact firm innovation. However, compensation and reward systems positively impact product innovation, not process innovation, and this study found a negative impact of compensation and reward systems on administrative innovation. The study contributed to the extant human resource management and innovation literature in many ways discussed at the end of the paper. On an equal footing, practical implications for HR managers, practitioners and employees were lucidly discussed. The present becomes a springboard for future scholarly works.
... Wallas's (1926) four-stage model highlights the cognitive processes underlying creative problem-solving. Later theories expand on these stages, integrating intuition, insight, and conscious analysis (Weisberg, 2006;Csikszentmihalyi, 1996). ...
This research investigates the relationship between creativity and self-rated performance among employees in Bangladeshi organizations. Drawing on a rich array of literature, the study employs a quantitative methodology, utilizing a structured questionnaire for data collection. A sample of 100 employees from various Bangladeshi organizations was analyzed through descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analyses. The findings demonstrate a significant positive correlation between employee creativity and self-rated performance. Employees who perceive themselves as more creative tend to rate their performance higher. This correlation suggests that creativity not only influences self-perception of performance but may also have broader implications for actual performance outcomes within organizations. The study further explores the implications of these findings for organizational practices, emphasizing the importance of fostering a creative environment to enhance employee performance. The research highlights the need for organizational leadership and human resource strategies that support creativity. It also acknowledges the complex and multifaceted nature of the relationship between creativity and performance, influenced by various factors like organizational culture and job roles. The paper concludes with recommendations for organizations to harness the transformative power of creativity, thereby driving innovation and sustainable growth. This study contributes to the understanding of creativity's role in organizational settings and its impact on individual performance, providing valuable insights for academia and industry.
... When an idea or problem solution appears, it can produce a distinct and powerful phenomenology-a feeling of profound understanding and truth known as an insight moment [1][2][3] . This largely ineffable experience appears to play a pivotal role in the development and adjustment of beliefs and although often associated with verifiably correct discoveries and adaptive personal growth 4,5 , insight phenomenology can be triggered by unrelated or misleading information 6,7 and for objectively incorrect problem solutions 8 . ...
Psychedelics are recognised for their potential to re-orient beliefs. We propose a model of how psychedelics can, in some cases, lead to false insights and thus false beliefs. We first review experimental work on laboratory-based false insights and false memories. We then connect this to insights and belief formation under psychedelics using the active inference framework. We propose that subjective and brain-based alterations caused by psychedelics increases the quantity and subjective intensity of insights and thence beliefs, including false ones. We offer directions for future research in minimising the risk of false and potentially harmful beliefs arising from psychedelics. Ultimately, knowing how psychedelics may facilitate false insights and beliefs is crucial if we are to optimally leverage their therapeutic potential.
... This research is based on the third paradigm, cognitive creativity, because it is up-to-date and based on solid scientific evidence in cognitive sciences. It should be noted that, in addition to cognitive sciences, nowadays, this paradigm can be seen in various schools and approaches with the specific vocabulary of those discourses, for example, in the psychology of creativity (Weisberg, 2006), post-structuralist literary criticism (with concepts such as the death of the author (Foucault, 1977), new ideas in the field of image studies (Sontag, 2005) and even creative techniques such as the theory of TRIZ (Trenenko, 2002). ...
Since the middle of the 19th century until now, there have been many discussions around the principles of modern
design, and many design histories books have explained and developed these principles. But there are two
problems in those works: first, there is no comprehensive consensus about these principles and the second problem is
that the historiography and stylistics of modern design, influenced by the forms of creationism based on genius, illustrate
an apparently coherent narrative of the principles of modern design which is completely author-centered (by Author we
mean all creators like artists and designers) and relies on the genius, author’s intention, and the final meaning of the
work. However, this form is rejected by various schools, nowadays. Considering these two issues, the question of the
current research is "What are the modern design principles?" and "under the influence of what contextual factors these
principles were formed?". To find the answer, the principles of the modern design have been categorized into seven items,
using the metasynthesis method. In the next step, this research has dealt with the genealogy of the extracted principles
(focal categories) by leaving aside the modern paradigm of creativity and modern theoretical horizons, relying on new
findings of creativity. The genealogy of principles shows that modern principles and meta-narrations have not been
created based on the author’s intention but in a bilateral interaction between the formal language and the transformations
and inconsistencies that occurred in the social and cultural field of the design. This formation is historical and has
happened over a long period of time. These principles are not only related to the overall socio-cultural context of design,
but each of them somehow behaves like a context and a peripheral force for other principles
... Proses berpikir kreatif merupakan tahapan kreativitas siswa yang terjadi sebagai salah satu teori tahapan berpikir kreatif dikemukakan oleh Wallas. Empat tahapan telah dilalui orang dalam berproses berpikir kreatif (Weisberg, 2006). Dimensi proses kreativitas merupakan tahapan-tahapan berpikir yang mencakup tahap persiapan, inkubasi, iluminasi dan verifikasi. ...
Homework is a task that must be done by elementary school students. These learning activities have long been carried out by elementary school students even before the 2000s or what is known as the millennial era. However, homework activities had several obstacles when the pandemic began to strike. The purpose of this research is to look for a literature review regarding homework and things that support the implementation of homework activities. This article is written using the library research method. The library materials are searched using Google Scholar. The data collected relates to homework done by elementary school students. Data analysis uses a model from Huberman which includes the stages of data reduction, data display, and data verification. The results obtained are how to find a literature review using Google Scholar. The search words used are home work and elementary school. There are 3 things that can be done to support homework activities in elementary schools, namely the assignment method, parental guidance, and creative thinking. The assignment method can be done by the teacher to train student learning at home. Parental guidance can be done to bring feelings and kindness closer to the family. How to think creatively can be done by a student or elementary school child with the direction of a teacher as a giver of knowledge. Abstrak Pekerjaan rumah adalah suatu tugas yang harus dikerjakan siswa sekolah dasar. Kegiatan belajar tersebut telah lama dilakukan oleh siswa sekolah dasar bahkan sebelum tahun 2000an atau yang dikenal dengan era milenial. Namun kegiatan homework memiliki beberapa kendala ketika masa pandemi mulai menyerang. Tujuan penelitian adalah mencari tinjauan pustaka mengenai homework dan hal-hal yang mendukung terselenggaranya kegiatan homework.. Penulisan artikel ini menggunakan metode library research.Bahan pustaka yang dicari menggunakan Google Scholar. Data yang dikumpulkan berkaitan dengan pekerjaan rumah yang dilakukan siswa sekolah dasar. Analisis data menggunakan model dari Huberman yang meliputi tahap reduksi data, tampilan data, dan verifikasi data. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah cara mencari tinjauan pustaka yaitu menggunakan Google Scholar. Kata-kata pencarian yang digunakan adalah home work dan elementary school. Ada 3 hal yang dapat dilakukan untuk mendukung kegiatan homework di sekolah dasar yaitu metode penugasan, bimbingan orang tua, dan cara berpikir kreatif. Metode penugasan dapat dilakukan guru untuk melatih belajar siswa di rumah. Bimbingan orang tua dapat dilakukan untuk mendekatkan perasaan dan kebaikan dalam keluarga. Cara berpikir kreatif dapat dilakukan seorang siswa atau anak sekolah dasar dengan arahan seorang guru sebagai pemberi ilmu. PENDAHULUAN Pekerjaan rumah atau homework adalah suatu tugas yang harus dikerjakan siswa sekolah dasar. Kegiatan belajar tersebut telah lama dilakukan oleh siswa sekolah dasar bahkan sebelum tahun 2000an atau yang dikenal dengan era milenial. Namun kegiatan homework memiliki beberapa kendala ketika masa pandemi mulai menyerang. Pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan Indonesia mengeluarkan beberapa himbauan kepada masyarakat seperti seruan work from home dan pembelajaran secara daring (dalam jaringan) yang dilaksanakan oleh hampir seluruh kegiatan pembelajaran di Indonesia
... Third, our analysis of the relationship between BD, creative employment, and wealth is not causal and there is the possibility of reverse causality. For example, it is possible that BD leads to certain choices of occupation, but it is also possible that the choice of a certain job creates stress, e.g., over financial uncertainty, which may trigger latent pre-dispositions to develop BD and other mood and anxiety disorders 35 . ...
Research in psychology and medicine has linked mental health disorders, and particularly bipolar disorder (BD), to employment in creative professions. Little is known, however, about the mechanisms for this link, which could be due to biology (primarily through a person’s genes) or environmental (through socioeconomic status). Using administrative data on mental health diagnoses and occupations for the population of Denmark, we find that people with BD are more likely to be musicians than the population, but less likely to hold other creative jobs. Yet, we also show that healthy siblings of people with BD are significantly more likely to work in creative professions. Notably, people from wealthy families are consistently more likely to work in creative professions, and access to family wealth amplifies the likelihood that siblings of people with BD pursue creative occupations. Nevertheless, family wealth explains only a small share of the correlation between BD and creative employment.
... Conservatives tend not to like (or, fear) change, and, don't usually think creatively. Creativity Science explains this process Simonton, 2004;Weisberg, 2006). ...
ABSTRACT
This chapter summarizes the Scientific Meta-Meta-Paradigm (i.e., All-Disciplinary Matrix) of Evolutionary Culturology. The (supra-Kuhnian) Scientific Meta-Meta-Paradigm of Evolutionary Culturology studies the universal (1) units, (2) scale-levels, (3) mechanisms, and (4) Three Laws of evolution, across all substrates. This scientific Meta-Meta-Paradigm includes: The standard scientific Problem-Solution Model as applied in Evolutionary Culturology; Definitions of key concepts in Evolutionary Culturology; Evolutionary Culturology’s Meta-Meta-Scientific: Aims, Methods (Protocols), Methods of Measuring Information, Standards, a list of core Models (also expanded in other chapters), Observational facts, Laws of Cultural Evolution, Assumptions, Criteria (of units, scale-levels, and phenomena in culture), Questions, Unsolved Scientific Problems, Implications, Applications, and finally Predictions of Evolutionary Biology, versus Predictions of Evolutionary Culturology. Works on Science examined include Kuhn (1962), Popper (1981), Toulmin (1972), Lakatos (1978), Chalmers (2013), and also Simonton (2004) on Creativity in Science, and Meta-science (2019). Evolutionary Culturology is a meta-meta-Science of all domains and disciplines.
Keywords: Science, meta-science, meta-meta-science, Evolutionary Culturology, Applied Evolutionary Epistemology, Biological Evolution, Bio-cultural Evolution; Cultural Evolution, Creativity, Consilience, Convergence, All-Disciplinary Scientific Matrix, Informatics, Informetrics, Scientific Meta-Meta-Paradigm, fractal HOLON/partons
... Creative design evaluation is mostly carried out by experts or other types of human subjects, with or without structured guidance or procedures (Sarkar & Chakrabarti 2007;Brown 2015;Ahmed & Fuge 2018;Hay et al. 2019;Sosa 2019). However, human experts are subject to their personal knowledge, experiences, opinions and intuitions (Weisberg 2006;Oman et al. 2013). What appears original to one group of experts might not be so to others. ...
Innovation, typically spurred by reusing, recombining and synthesizing existing concepts, is expected to result in an exponential growth of the concept space over time. However, our statistical analysis of TechNet, which is a comprehensive technology semantic network encompassing over 4 million concepts derived from patent texts, reveals a linear rather than exponential expansion of the overall technological concept space. Moreover, there is a notable decline in the originality of newly created concepts. These trends can be attributed to the constraints of human cognitive abilities to innovate beyond an ever-growing space of prior art, among other factors. Integrating creative artificial intelligence into the innovation process holds the potential to overcome these limitations and alter the observed trends in the future.
... Creative design evaluation is mostly carried out by experts or other types of human subjects, with or without structured guidance or procedures (Sarkar & Chakrabarti 2007;Brown 2015;Ahmed & Fuge 2018;Sosa 2019;Hay et al. 2019). However, human experts are subject to their personal knowledge, experiences, opinions, and intuitions (Weisberg 2006;Oman et al. 2013). What appears original to one group of experts might not be so to others. ...
Innovation, typically spurred by reusing, recombining, and synthesizing existing concepts, is expected to result in an exponential growth of the concept space over time. However, our statistical analysis of TechNet, which is a comprehensive technology semantic network encompassing over four million concepts derived from patent texts, reveals a linear rather than exponential expansion of the overall technological concept space. Moreover, there is a notable decline in the originality of newly created concepts. These trends can be attributed to the constraints of human cognitive abilities to innovate beyond an ever-growing space of prior art, among other factors. Integrating creative artificial intelligence (CAI) into the innovation process holds the potential to overcome these limitations and alter the observed trends in the future.
... Discovery and Invention (Csikszentmihalyi, 1996), Creativity in Science: Chance, Logic, Genius, and Zeitgeist , Why Most Published Research Findings Are False (Ioannidis, 2005), and Creativity: Understanding Innovation in Problem Solving, Science, Invention, and the Arts (Weisberg, 2006 Ioannidis (2005) contains a useful practical list of potential pitfalls to avoid in doing science, including bias in experimental design, data, analysis, and presentation. Other pitfalls examined include: small sample size; small effect size; total number of relationships versus tested relationships; flexibility in (a) definitions, (b) analytical modes, and (c) study or experiment design; financial conflicts of interest; and `hotness' of the domain in culture (Ioannidis, 2005). ...
CHAPTER ABSTRACT - In the new scientific light of the meta-meta-Science of Evolutionary Culturology, and the fractal HOLON/parton structure and function of all units of culture, this chapter presents a brief review of past literature on Science, the Philosophy of Science, and also `Metascience’ (firstly, in an older sense of the term, namely Logology, or metascience as `the Science of Science’) and, Meta-meta-science in a new sense. Key works reviewed in Science, and the Philosophy of Science include: Comte, Popper, Kuhn, Lakatos, Feyerabend, Chalmers, and D T Campbell. Works reviewed in `Metascience / Logology’ include D K Simonton, Csikszentmihalyi, E O Wilson, and Ioannidis. Scientometrics, Informatics, Informetrics, and Journalology are also examined. Heuristics for doing Science, and pitfalls to be avoided in Science are outlined. The conclusion drawn is that the phenomenon of creativity (the emergence of a cultural artifact judged `new, useful, and surprising’ by the Field of experts in that Domain) is universal across all domains: the Sciences, Social Sciences, and Arts/Humanities, and thus creativity serves as a consilient `bridge’ between all these three great branches of the tree of knowledge. Finally, a completely different approach is introduced: Evolutionary Culturology, using the scale levels of: (1) Individual Sciences (micro scale), (2) Meta-sciences (meso/medium scale: namely meta-sciences such as Systems Science, Information Science, Communication Science, the meta-Science of Cultural Evolution, Creativity Science), and a new meta-meta-science - Evolutionary Culturology - which reduces all (1) systems and (2) units of culture to their simpler scientific entity, fractal HOLON/partons, and thus the meta-meta-science of Ev Cult applies to the medium scale (meso) meta-sciences (Systems Science, Information Science, etc.), and the (micro) individual sciences (Physics, Chemistry, Astronomy, Geology, Biology, Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology, and Culturology). Evolutionary Culturology is a new meta-meta-scientific worldview.
Keywords: Science, Meta-science, Meta-meta-science, Evolutionary Culturology, Applied Evolutionary Epistemology, Biological Evolution, Cultural Evolution, Creativity, Consilience, Informatics, Informetrics, Philosophy of Science; Thomas Kuhn, Karl Popper, D T Campbell, Richard Feynman, Velikovsky of Newcastle, The EthiSizer AI
... H3a: The Chatbot customization has a positive impact on pro-environment attitude H3b: The Chatbot customization has a positive impact on individual willingness to pay for environment protection Problem solving is the use of logical thinking and imagination to understand the problem, thereby providing the optimal solution in any given situation (Weisberg, 2006). Krishnan et al. (2022) revealed that AI Chatbot handles arising issues quickly. ...
Plain language summary
The effect of AI Chatbots for environment protection
AI Chatbots are increasingly well-defined research subjects in different contexts, but the implementation of Chatbots in preserving the natural environment is still in the early stages of development. This study aims to examine the impact of AI Chatbots on pro-environment attitudes and willingness to pay for environmental protection. By employing quantitative methodology, this study conducted Multivariate data analysis to investigate the effects of four Chatbot dimensions (interaction, anonymity, customization, and problem-solving) on pro-environmental attitudes and individual willingness to pay for nature conservation. This study reveals the critical role of Chatbots in encouraging people to protect the environment. Problem-solving is found to be the highest influence on both pro-environmental attitudes and individual willingness to pay for nature conservation. Meanwhile, interaction, anonymity, and customization were revealed to affect WTP indirectly through pro-environmental attitudes. Therefore, digitalization by exploring new technology like AI Chatbot becomes an important concern to reduce the negative actions of humans on the environment and Carbon emissions and develop agricultural tourism activities toward green production.
... Such transformation in engineering education requires changes in attitude, time and effort. Every stakeholder, including students, educators, and institutions, must play a crucial role in improving teaching creativity in online engineering education (Marquis & Henderson, 2015;Weisberg, 2006). Moreover, because creativity combines knowledge and skills (Ertas et al., 2003), educational institutes must restructure and move from a focussed discipline orientation to a transdisciplinary learning approach (Rugarcia et al., 2000). ...
Creativity is a crucial skill for future engineers. Hence, it is becoming increasingly important for higher education (HE) engineering educators to foster and enhance engineering students' creative abilities. Simultaneously, online learning has found a place in engineering education. Nevertheless, we find that HE engineering educators in all domains continue to express a sense of inadequacy when it comes to fostering creativity in hybrid and online learning environments. This sentiment persists despite the existence of scholarly work that suggests strategies for addressing these challenges. In this paper, we assume that the rationale behind this is that the proposed pedagogical approaches are primarily established through conceptual reflections, whereas the perspective of the HE engineering educators on the perceived barriers has thus far been largely neglected. Therefore, we present a study that uses data from experience interviews and focus group techniques involving 71 HE engineering educators from Ireland, Germany, Denmark and Turkey to identify the common challenges that HE engineering educators perceive when facilitating creativity in online and hybrid classroom environments. These are used to extend theory by developing a four‐field conceptual model organizing the eight overarching challenges encountered. This model can be used as a basis for defining measures to support HE engineering educators in facilitating creativity online and serves as a guide for future research studies.
... According to these models, attempts to solve problems failed, impasses were reached, restructuring occurred, and the "a-ha" moment led to a solution (Weisberg, 2015). However, some studies have suggested that creativity is identical to analytical problem solving, and that insight and impasse have no influence on it (Weisberg, 2006(Weisberg, , 2013Ball and Stevens, 2009;Chein and Weisberg, 2014). According to this view, insight tasks differ due to their high domain specificity. ...
Despite the fact that insight is a crucial component of creative thought, the means by which it is cultivated remain unknown. The effects of learning traits on insight, specifically, has not been the subject of investigation in pertinent research. This study quantitatively examines the effects of individual differences in learning traits estimated using a Q-learning model within the reinforcement learning framework and evaluates their effects on insight problem solving in two tasks, the 8-coin and 9-dot problems, which fall under the umbrella term “spatial insight problems.” Although the learning characteristics of the two problems were different, the results showed that there was a transfer of learning between them. In particular, performance on the insight tasks improved with increasing experience. Moreover, loss-taking, as opposed to loss aversion, had a significant effect on performance in both tasks, depending on the amount of experience one had. It is hypothesized that loss acceptance facilitates analogical transfer between the two tasks and improves performance. In addition, this is one of the few studies that attempted to analyze insight problems using a computational approach. This approach allows the identification of the underlying learning parameters for insight problem solving.
... Creative thinking, often regarded as the bedrock of problem-solving, innovation, and adaptive thinking [58,124], has gained increasing prominence in our rapidly changing world. In an era marked by technological advancements and continuous shifts in societal and professional landscapes, the ability to think creatively is not just advantageous but essential. ...
Recent studies have increasingly focused on the cognitive benefits of acute physical activity, particularly in enhancing creative thinking. Despite extensive research linking physical activity and creative cognition, significant gaps remain in understanding how specific types and intensities of physical activities influence this relationship. This review aims to synthesize the current findings, highlighting the notable impact of various physical activities on creative thinking. One key finding is the enhancement of divergent thinking, a critical component of creativity, through activities like walking at a natural pace. Moderate intensity aerobic exercise and dance, though based on limited studies, also appear to facilitate divergent thinking. Additionally, vigorous intensity aerobic exercise may enhance secondary aspects of divergent thinking, including the quantity and flexibility of idea generation. However, the review also identifies multiple research gaps, especially on the effects of resistance exercise and structured moderate to vigorous intensity aerobic exercise on creative thinking, pointing to an area ripe for future exploration. Recognizing the critical importance of creative thinking, it becomes essential to understand how different physical activities, and their intensity levels, affect creative cognition. This knowledge can guide both academic research and practical applications, offering valuable insights for targeted strategies aimed at enhancing cognitive function and creativity through physical activity in real-world settings such as classrooms and workplaces. The review underscores the need for a more comprehensive exploration of this topic, which could have significant implications for the fields of cognitive and exercise psychology.
... Creative solutions to ill-defined problems result from a rational process, which relies on a general cognitive process and domain expertise. Ericsson, (1999) ;Simon, (1981Simon, ( , 1989; Weisberg, (1999Weisberg, ( , 2006 ...
Purpose - The provision of rewards to employees for their innovative ideas and creative ideas acts as a motivational factor, encouraging them to sustain their efforts in developing novel and innovative solutions. The objective of this research is to examine the effects of employee rewards and work environment on employee creativity and innovation.
Design/Methodology/Approach - This research used a quasi-experimental approach (specifically, an explanatory design). This inquiry relied on secondary sources. The collection of secondary material was conducted by using multiple online search platforms and specialist journals.
Research Findings - Employees' ability to be creative and innovative is bolstered by all three types of rewards: intrinsic rewards, which have a positive effect on intrinsic motivation, extrinsic non-financial rewards, and extrinsic financial rewards, which can either encourage or discourage employees' efforts to be creative and innovative. Organizational environments that promote and cultivate employee creativity and receptiveness to novel ideas are more inclined to cultivate a culture that fosters creativity and then innovation.
Originality - The significance of this research study adds value to the existing corps of information about understanding the effects of employee rewards with the aid of the work environment on employee creativity and innovation.
Practical Implications - Drawing from the findings of this study it has been proven that in the corporate world employees are different with various types of needs. Hence to successfully motivate them to be creative and innovative organizations must provide employee rewards that are comprehensive and at the same time must balance the employee rewards they offer with the conducive work environment with employees' individual needs.
... By pursuing the opinion of psychologists and scholars in the field of creativity, Gruber, and Wallace (1999), Sternberg and Lubart (1991), and Weisberg (2006) comprehend individuals' thinking, discovering, and investigating that it can significantly lead to creativity and innovation. Furthermore, according to personality researchers such as Feist (1999) and MacKinnon (1962), personality factors differ more among less creative individuals. ...
Revelation is one of the distinctive characteristics of a human being, which immensely contributes to its progress and success; in fact, an individual is born with the power of revelation and curiosity, which makes him strive and discover the world around him. Accordingly, inquisitive individuals are more motivated to face and solve diverse situations. Revelation and inquisitiveness are additional in individuals, showing the degree of crystallization of their creativity and innovations in different ways. Inquisitive individuals do creative things, which is a vital point for them. Consequently, it is necessary to pay attention to the environmental conditions, specifically the educational environment, and meet the requirements of individuals, particularly students from teachers and academic staff in the educational environment. It not only encourages the development of the individual but even assists the development of society. This literature focuses on the role of revelation and curiosity of students in the educational environment and in creating creativity that must be considered and supported by teachers and academic staff at educational centers. This focus can be helpful for all in charge to provide a dynamic atmosphere for the students and offer them the need to grow their creativity to have a better future and career.
... This complexity can be daunting. When faced with creative thinking or problem-solving challenges, people often hesitate to self-identify as "creative" or are uncomfortable engaging in intellectual risk-taking and open-endedness (Weisberg, 2006). The inherent uncertainty and open-endedness of creative work can be emotionally and mentally taxing, requiring environments that are psychologically safe and supportive as well as dynamic and interesting. ...
In this chapter, we discuss fundamental principles that define a creative learning environment and how these can be integrated into pedagogical design. Utilizing research, a creative environment instrument, and diverse learning settings as a springboard, we emphasize the link between a learning environment’s design and how it nurtures creativity. We propose the use of the SCALE (Support for Creativity in a Learning Environment) instrument (Richardson & Mishra, 2018) as a frame for understanding and evaluating the characteristics of creative learning environments. Using the SCALE’s constructs—characteristics of the environment, learning climate, and learner engagement—as benchmarks, we consider how these offer criteria to build into the design of learning environments. We examine the theoretical underpinnings of creativity, creative environments, and learning, identifying gaps in classroom research that the SCALE instrument can bridge. This chapter discusses applications of these principles across various environments, including online and blended spaces, acknowledging that different environments present distinctive affordances, opportunities, constraints, and possibilities. Our implications take a future-oriented perspective on online creative learning environment design in both research and practice (https://edtechbooks.org/foundations_of_learn/creativity)
... These sources concur that individuals lacking sufficient knowledge may not be able to fully explore the boundaries of their creative potential (Baer, 2012;Boden, 2001;Csikszentmihalyi, 1996;Gero & Maher, 2013;Feldhusen, 1995;Ivcevic, 2007;Kulkarni & Simon, 1988). According to Weisberg (2006), the fulfilment of domain-specific knowledge is a prerequisite for engaging in creative endeavors. In the realm of science education, the provision of a complete and accurate information base to students can significantly enhance their ability to participate in creative thinking and make meaningful contributions to scientific discoveries. ...
This study aimed to investigate the effect of the present science curriculum and textbook exercises on scientific creativity. The study utilized document analysis as a form of qualitative investigation. The study utilized data derived from the academic performance of students in the 7th and 8th grades, specifically focusing on the outcomes of the 2018 scientific curriculum and the activities presented in the associated textbooks. The descriptive analysis technique was applied to examine the results and activities, which are qualitative data. The study comprised an analysis of achievements and activities, concentrating on predefined themes within the sub-dimensions of the Scientific Structure Creativity Model. The study yielded findings that demonstrated a connection between the curricular outcomes and textbook activities across all grade levels. Particularly, these educational materials effectively included scientific knowledge and phenomena, hence promoting the development of creative thinking skills. It is essential to emphasize that the science curriculum and textbook mainly prioritize the creative results and process aspects, whereas characteristics such as fluency, adaptability, and originality, which are crucial to creativity, receive comparatively less emphasis. Furthermore, it was determined that the goals of education and instructional materials for seventh and eighth-grade students were congruent concerning the characteristics of scientific creativity.Keywords: Science education, scientific creativity, curriculum, textbook, document analysis
... Many studies have been done proving that teachers need to master and implement creativity in the teaching and learning process. Many studies both domestic and foreign have discussed this matter (Chamorro and Richenbacher, 2008;Chumo, 2014;Diamantes, 2007;Hyde & Thomas, 2005;Maybien & Swan, 2007;Niu & Stranberg, 2006;Park, 2011Park, , 2012Rusdi, 2020;Robert, 2006;Sabelius, 2002;Storm & Storm, 2002). ...
The aim of this study was to contribution of the Tpack model toward teaching creativity among Arabic language instructors in Malaysia. The sample of this study involved 530 Arabic language teachers based on a population of 7,309. A quantitative approach and random sampling were preferred for data collection purposes. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Vol. 21. While a regression test was conducted to identify the contribution of the Tpack model to Arabic instructors’ creativity. The outcomes of this study indicated that four main factors contribute to the creativity of teaching Arabic teachers in Malaysia. To further enhance creativity in teaching Arabic, it can be concluded from this study that Arabic language teachers in Malaysia need to concentrate on the four elements listed above. Because it is the primary driver of the creativity of Arabic language instructors in Malaysia, the emphasis on these four knowledge areas, particularly Pedagogical Knowledge, needs special attention.
... Banyak kajian semenjak dari dulu hingga sekarang telah dijalankan dan mendapati bahawa antara elemen yang diperlukan bagi seorang guru untuk membentuk sikap kreatif ialah sabar, bertenaga serta suka mendidik kanak-kanak. Sifat-sifat ini merupakan faktor penting dalam mencetuskan kreativiti kanak-kanak pada peringkat persekolahan (Chamorro & Richenbacher, 2008;Maybien, & Swan, 2007;Niu & Sternberg, 2006;Robert, 2006;Storm & Storm, 2002). Fakta ini telah disokong oleh satu kajian yang dibuat oleh Foundation for Critical Thinking yang mendapati hampir 90% responden bersetuju elemen kreatif merupakan unsur utama yang membantu kejayaan proses pengajaran (Debra Jackson & Paul Newberry, 2012). ...
ABSTRAK Kajian ini menjelaskan tentang model kreativiti pengajaran guru bahasa Arab di Malaysia. Model Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledg (TPACK) telah dijadikan sebagai model utama dalam kajian ini. Kajian ini dijalankan dengan tujuan utama untuk membina model kreativiti pengajaran guru bahasa Arab di Malaysia. Model ini dibina berdasarkan kajian terhadap 530 guru bahasa Arab yang menjadi responden kepada 7,309 populasi di seluruh Malaysia termasuk Sabah dan Sarawak. Pendekatan kuantitatif dan persampelan rawak mudah telah digunakan untuk tujuan kutipan data. Data telah dinalisis dengan menggunakan Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Vol. 21. Dapatan kajian ini menjelaskan model kreativiti pengajaran guru bahasa Arab di Malaysia perlu memberi tumpuan kepada empat penyumbang utama kepada kreativiti pengajaran guru bahasa Arab iaitu Pengetahuan Pedagogi, Pengetahuan Teknologi Pedagogi Kandungan, Pengetahuan Pedagogi Kandungan dan Pengetahuan Teknologi Pedagogi. Kesimpulannya, berdasarkan kajian ini guru bahasa Arab di Malaysia perlu memberi tumpuan kepada empat elemen yang telah dinyatakan bagi mengembangkan lagi pengetahuan dalam kreativiti pengajaran. Oleh kerana itu, tumpuan khusus kepada Pengetahuan Pedagogi perlu kepada perhatian khusus kerana ianya merupakan penyumbang utama kepada model kreativiti pengajaran guru bahasa Arab di Malaysia. ABSTRACT This study investigates the model of creativity of teaching Arabic in Malaysia. Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledg (TPACK) has been made as the main model in this study. This study was conducted with the main purpose of building a model of teaching creativity of Arabic language teachers in Malaysia. This model is based on a study of a sample of 530 from a population of 7,309 Arabic language teachers in Peninsular Malaysia including Sabah and Sarawak. Quantitative research method was used and random sampling was carried out for the collection of data. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The findings of this study explain the model of teaching creativity which needs to focus on Pedagogical Knowledge, Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge, Pedagogical Content Knowledge and Technological Pedagogical Knowledge. In conclusion, the finding clearly indicate that the Arabic language teachers in Malaysia need to focus on the elements that have been stated to develop an excellent knowledge in creativity of teaching. Furthermore, a special focus on Pedagogical Knowledge needs special attention because it is a major contributor to the model of teaching creativity of Arabic language teachers in Malaysia.
This chapter considers the myth of the creative genius. It argues that this myth derives from a person-centred account of creativity divorced from process, product and social communication. The chapter considers how the myth of the scientific genius is a key trope within normative account of creative scientific breakthrough. It argues that this myth is a contemporary manifestation of religious ex nihilo understandings of creativity discussed in Chap. 2. The chapter argues that creative breakthrough in science and art is an inherently messy social process and not the result of a pure rupturing of an accepted belief.
The nature and basis of creative thought has been the subject of wide-ranging inquiry. It is well established that people tend to struggle to solve problems that require an insight—and that this limitation is not readily alleviated. What can help produce more successful creative cognition? We propose a benefit from increased focus on the relations that hold between the elements of a problem situation. The present research addresses a novel technique to promote relational encoding by guiding participants to generate relational content connecting problem elements. In two experiments, we find that participants who engage in relational encoding are more likely to solve insight problems than controls. Theoretical and applied implications of the findings are addressed.
In this chapter of our exploration into the marriage of virtual reality and psychology, we delve into the captivating realm of immersiveness and its profound impact on cognitive functions. This chapter explores how the immersive qualities of virtual reality can captivate and influence the human mind, driving cognitive engagement within virtual environments. By eliciting deep and authentic emotional responses, VR environments make the study of cognitive functions and emotions more ecologically valid. A key focus of the chapter is the investigation of problem-solving within virtual reality. It examines the cognitive processes at play when individuals are immersed in digital worlds, addressing how VR affects problem-solving abilities, decision-making, and critical thinking. Central to this discussion is a compelling case study titled “Processes of Planning in a Virtual Reality Experience: The Link Between Arousal and Problem Solving.” This research explores the connection between emotional arousal and problem-solving skills in a VR setting, highlighting the interplay between emotional states and cognitive abilities. As the chapter progresses, it becomes evident that immersiveness in VR has the potential to transform not only the study of cognitive functions but also practical applications in education and therapy. The intersection of emotions, cognitive processes, and VR’s immersive qualities offers vast opportunities for researchers, practitioners, and enthusiasts.
Buku ini merupakan panduan komprehensif bagi mereka yang ingin mengembangkan jiwa kewirausahaan sejak dini. Dimulai dengan pengantar yang menjelaskan definisi, sejarah, dan pentingnya kewirausahaan dalam perekonomian, buku ini juga membahas karakteristik wirausahaan sukses serta tantangan dan peluang yang akan dihadapi. Pembaca diajak mengembangkan ide bisnis melalui proses kreatif, teknik brainstorming dan studi kelayakan bisnis, serta memahami pentingnya inovasi dan tren dalam dunia bisnis. Buku ini juga membahas perencanaan bisnis yang meliputi penyusunan visi, misi, analisis pasar, strategi pemasaran, serta proyeksi keuangan. Panduan praktis memulai dan mengelola usaha, dari struktur organisasi hingga manajemen keuangan, juga disertakan. Bab terakhir membahas strategi mengatasi tantangan bisnis, membangun jaringan, ekspansi usaha, dan manajemen perubahan memastikan pembaca siap menghadapi risiko dan mengembangkan usaha mereka menuju sukses.
This research aims to develop an Assessment as Learning (AaL) model to enhance creative thinking skills within the framework of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) among mathematics education students at UIN Syahada Padangsidimpuan. In today's educational context, fostering creative thinking skills is crucial not only for solving complex problems but also for preparing students to innovate and adapt in a rapidly changing environment. ESD provides a relevant framework to integrate these skills into the curriculum, emphasizing responsible decision-making for environmental, economic, and social sustainability. Traditional assessment methods often focus solely on measuring learning outcomes rather than actively contributing to the learning process. AaL, however, positions assessment as an integral part of learning, encouraging students to engage actively, reflect on their understanding, and develop higher-order thinking skills. By embedding AaL practices, this study seeks to empower mathematics education students to connect mathematical concepts with real-world sustainability issues, thereby enhancing their understanding and application of mathematics in practical contexts. The proposed AaL model for ESD integrates various strategies such as problem-based learning, case studies, interdisciplinary collaboration, and authentic assessment methods like portfolios and presentations. These approaches aim to provide meaningful learning experiences that go beyond theoretical knowledge, enabling students to tackle real-world challenges creatively and innovatively. Implementation of the AaL model will involve iterative cycles of development, implementation, and evaluation. The effectiveness of the model will be assessed through tests of creative thinking skills, observations, and interviews, providing insights into its impact on students' learning outcomes and perceptions. This research contributes practical guidelines for educators to integrate creative thinking skills and ESD principles effectively into mathematics education. It advocates for broader adoption of the AaL model across educational institutions to equip students with the competencies needed to address global challenges and contribute to sustainable development.
ABSTRACT
In the light of the discovery of (1) the fractal HOLON/parton Structure and Function of the Units and Scale-Levels of Culture, and (2) the Fractal Systems Metamodel of Bio-Cultural Evolutionary Creativity from the new meta-meta-Science of Evolutionary Culturology (Velikovsky 2016-2020), this chapter Selects, Varies, and Transmits to readers certain units of culture (ideas, processes, and products – or tools–or scientific models) from Creativity Science. Sources include: (1) Csikszentmihályi, (2) Simonton, (3) Sawyer, and (4) The Newcastle School of Creativity, on the Evolutionary Sociocultural Systems Model of Creativity; and (5) Boden’s P-creativity and H-creativity. These five models are synthesized into a fractal meta-model. Darwin’s evolutionary algorithm in biology is demonstrated to be identical to Csikszentmihályi’s in culture. The new meta-meta-Science of Evolutionary Culturology uses substrate-independent evolutionary algorithms to examine the same evolutionary phenomena in bio-culture and external culture. This process is then redescribed in terms of Applied Evolutionary Epistemology, drawing on Campbell, Popper, Simonton, and Gontier. Then the principles of creativity in the meta-meta-science of Evolutionary Culturology are described.
Keywords: Science, meta-science, meta-meta-science, Evolutionary Culturology, Applied Evolutionary Epistemology, Biological Evolution, Bio-cultural Evolution; Cultural Evolution, Creativity, Creativity Science, Consilience, Evolutionary Epistemology, Information Theory, Scientific Meta-Paradigm, Systems Science, Systems Philosophy, Systems Theory, units of culture, fractal HOLON/partons
Vengono esaminati i problemi posti dalle patografie di Leonardo scritte da Freud. Si ricostruisce il percorso storico del problema del rapporto fra genio e patologie mentale, mostrando che la psi-coanalisi si inserisce in un filone molto attivo in quel tempo esprimendo diversi approcci teorici con cui si rapporta Freud. L'interesse per il problema è poi proseguito, con alterne risposte, fino ai giorni attuali. Vengono prese in esame le distorsioni operate da Freud nella descrizione patogra-fica di Leonardo, un aspetto ampiamente esaminato da diversi autori, che peraltro non si distanzia né da quanto Freud attua in altre sue opere, né da quanto facevano gli altri patografi del tempo. Si tratta inoltre di un comportamento usuale nell'ambito della storia della scienza e ben conosciuto nella epistemologia moderna che individua nello sviluppo delle teorie la importanza anche degli strumenti retorici con cui gli scienziati le sostengono. Si sottolinea come non si possa leggere in questi comportamenti di Freud degli aspetti psicologici particolari, facendo di fatto una patografia dell'autore di patografie, ma solo ricondurre il suo operare alla coerenza dei contesti storici in cui opera.
The quality of mathematics education in Indonesia is of great concern. This is proven based on the survey results conducted by international survey institutions such as PISA and TIMSS and national survey institutions such as ACTION. This conclusion is strengthened by the fact that the UN scores for junior high and high school levels have decreased. Improving the quality of mathematics education in Indonesia, especially among Muslims, research on the relationship of students' persistence in performing worship with their high-level thinking skills was conducted. The purpose of this research is to (1) Formulating the application of the 7 Sunnahs of the Prophet Muhammad S.A.W. in mathematics using Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). (2) Analyzing the effect of implementing the 7 Sunnahs of the Prophet Muhammad S.A.W. in improving students' higher-order thinking skills/HOTS. (3) Analyzing the practice of worship that is most influential in the implementation of the 7 Sunnahs that affect the higher-order thinking skill/HOTS. This study uses a quantitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, surveys, questionnaires, and documentation. The data is processed and analyzed using a computer as a tool and using the SPSS 16 for Windows program to determine the correlation of existing data. The research resulted in (1) A model of implementing the 7 Sunnahs in mathematics learning. The lesson begins with reciting surah Al-Fatihah, praying to the prophet, praying before studying, reciting Asmaul Husna, and reciting short surah in the Quran and ends with the advice to motivate students to be persistent in carrying out worship. (2) The implementation of the 7 sunnah that has significant influences is tahajud pray while the achievement of the competition that has a significant influence are KMNR competition, OSN competition, and International competition (3) The implementation of the 7 Sunnah that has significant influences are congregational pray, Dhuha prays, almsgiving, reading the Qur'an, sunnah fasting and maintaining ablution. This study found that the spiritual activity approach influenced improving students' higher-order thinking skills in mathematics. This learning model can be used in various non-formal educational institutions with having the same vision. This learning model can also be applied in formal education after being adapted to the situation and conditions of the school.
This detailed account of the literature covers, in the first instance, the development of the singular term culture industry to the pluralized cultural industries. It then looks briefly at the term creative industries followed by an overview of the authoritative, rationally argued and empirically derived research into creativity. A comparison follows of the way creativity, as a concept, has been conceived of in the research literature on creative industries. The thorny issue of the extant definition of the creative industries is then raised before the chapter provides an operational definition for this book.
The cyclic nature of studies on talent development (TD), in the spirit of use-inspired research, suggests a systematic, reciprocal process, from more basic research to an increasing applied focus, with a focus on developmental diversity, specificity, and complexity, integrating biological, cognitive-affective, developmental, sociocultural levels of analysis from a developmental science perspective. This chapter provides an overview and critique of what has been done in recent decades that fit the delineation of six types of research on TD delineated in Chap. 3. First, it summarizes a survey of research between 2010 and 2020 to obtain a glimpse of the efforts along the line and offer a tentative critique. Second, it further explores how well current TD studies have addressed developmental diversity and specificity at an empirical level, including the appropriateness of research designs and methods. Third, it asks how well, at the conceptual level, the accumulated studies are coordinated in a way that allow integration across different levels of analysis to capture the level of developmental complexity as the developmental science framework stipulates. Fourth, it compares advances in TD research with those in developmental criminology and developmental psychopathology, highlighting how insights from these fields of research can inspire and inform TD research.
Extended Abstract
Background and Objectives: Creativity has been a constant concern of artists and architects in different periods of history. Contemporary challenges and problems require new solutions that fit the requirements of current period. Knowing that the ultimate goal of architecture is to create a place for people to live, creativity in this field should also be directed towards enhancing the quality of human existence and addressing the evolving challenges of each period. Therefore, achieving a systematic model that allows assessing the creativity of the architectural works that introduces the influential components of this field, can solve many problems related to both human society and the environment. Such a model can also contribute significantly to the design of innovative and valuable architectural creations. In this study, a model for evaluating the creativity of architectural designs has been introduced, utilizing the SAPPhIRE method, adapting it to architectural contexts, and considering the authentic human environmental needs. This model takes into account multiple facets of architectural creativity and its compatibility with human well-being, ultimately quantifying the creativity level of each building with a specific numerical value. The model was applied to assess the creativity of LalehPark, Atlas, and Setarehbaran Commercial Buildings in Tabriz city, and the findings have been deliberated upon.
Methods: In this research, two research strategies have been used. At first, with the aim of providing a model to assess the creativity of architectural work, the Delphi research method has been used. The Delphi technique provides a convenient way for experts to reach consensus on a topic without face-to-face interaction. According to this method, in order to adapt and interpret the SAPPhIRE creativity assessment method with the architectural space, an open interview was conducted with architectural elites in the first stage. Next, every participant in the Delphi panel received a questionnaire and ranked and assigned scores to the summarized points derived from the initial phase. By specifying the desired components of the elite panel, the architectural creativity assessment model was completed. Then, with the aim of assessing the level of creativity of selected commercial buildings in Tabriz city, a survey strategy has been used with a quantitative approach. To achieve this objective, the approach involved distributing questionnaires to individuals who had firsthand experience residing in the designated areas, as well as conducting interviews with architects and experts in the field of architecture within the city. Finally, in the present research, after collecting information based on bibliographic studies and understanding the concepts and components of architectural creativity and establishing a logical connection between these components through the Delphi technique and using the opinions of experts, a model was provided for assessing the creativity of architectural works. The authors utilized the provided model to evaluate the creativity levels of LalehPark, Atlas, and Setarehbaran Commercial Buildings in Tabriz city. This assessment involved the completion of questionnaires and conducting interviews, and the subsequent compilation and presentation of the results.
Findings: In most definitions of creativity, two main elements have been introduced for an architectural work to be recognized as creative, innovative and useful. The main benefit and purpose of architecture is to create a suitable environment for human life; therefore, the creativity of architectural works should also be realized in line with attention to human beings and their quality of life. It is not possible to provide human living environment without considering human needs. This is when architecture becomes important – it helps meet those needs in the environment. On the other hand, architectural creativity is valuable when it serves human life and responds to human needs. As a result, architectural creativity should focus on finding fresh and innovative ways to meet human needs in the environment. In this article, we introduced a model to assess the creativity of architectural designs by evaluating their ability to meet human needs within the environment (the benefit of architecture) and measuring the uniqueness of these solutions (architectural innovation). This model was used to assess the creativity of three commercial complexes: LalehPark, Atlas, and Setarehbaran Commercial Buildings. Our findings indicated that LalehPark scored 0.77 in terms of benefit, Atlas scored 0.71, and Setarehbaran scored 0.67. Regarding creativity, LalehPark scored 0.36, Atlas scored 0.35, and Setarehbaran scored 0.30. Consequently, the overall creativity ratings were as follows: LalehPark at 0.28, Atlas at 0.25, and Setarehbaran at 0.20.
Conclusion: Based on the test results, the foremost priority for users of commercial complexes is addressing their physical requirements. In these buildings, spiritual needs hold the least significance for users. Over the past decade, especially during the shopping mall trend in Tabriz city, designers and builders have taken these preferences of the public into account. By incorporating elements like spacious lobbies, enhanced spatial transparency, establishing visual connections between levels, and ensuring clear visibility of vertical access points from main areas, they have successfully created an environment contributing to creativity and meeting the physical needs of visitors. Simultaneously, the introduction of diverse amenities such as cinemas, food courts, amusement parks, and coffee shops has attracted a wide range of people from various age groups and societal backgrounds, leading to the prosperity of these complexes.
Sanatsal yaratıcılık, temelde orijinalite ile ilintili ve sosyalite ile bağlantılıdır. Dolayısıyla sanatsal yaratıcılık toplumsal yaratıcılığın izdüşümüdür. Her sanatsal üslup, akım veya paradigma, içine dahil ettiği sanatçıyı hem bireysel hem de kolektif açıdan sınıflandırarak ve konumlandırarak sorumluluk yükler. Doğal olarak sanatsal orijinalite meşruiyet, özgünlük ve mülkiyet anlamında bir profile sahip olur. Bu durumla ilgisinde temellük sanatının “sanatta” ve “sanatsal” temellük ayrımında bir değer ile mukabele ve değerlendirme görmesi söz konusudur. Temsil, tasarım ve uzlaşımsal kriter ve kabullere muhalefet etmemesi de ayrıca gözlemlenmektedir. Sanatsal ihlal ve ihmaller ile temellük sanatı arasında kurulan doğal hukuki tartışmalar geçmişte olduğu kadar şimdi de devam etmektedir. Temellük sanatının telif hakları, adli kullanım ve cezai müeyyide açısından yaşadığı sorunları “yaşayacağı sorunlar” biçiminde görüp “yineleme ve yenileme” mantık çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir.
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