The Act of Creation
... The inconsistencies that emerge from any transposed ordinary scene produce both an unexpected shift in perspective and what Arthur Koestler named "bisociation." 21 In the context of cartoons, bisociation is the simultaneous mental association of an element within the graphic anecdote with two fields that are usually not related to one another. In figure 1, the concept of the flea is associated with both its metaphoric and literal meanings. ...
This article aims to define the scope and typology of transfiguration in digital cartoons as independent artworks in order to explore its humoristic elements and functions, as well as to contrast canonical uses of art against innovative ones. Specifically, it discusses how anthropomorphic and zoomorphic representations, although triggering different emotional responses, remain consistent in their basic structure: they generate incongruity. Further, the article describes innovations from the canonical functions of art (didactic, universal, or anecdotal). At the core of these innovations is the relationship between artist and reader in the current context, ruled as it is by digital exchanges, interactivity, and information overload.
... In theory, humor has long been recognized as being related to creativity (Amabile, 1987;Koestler, 1964), and several empirical studies linked unspecific indicators of humor and creativity on the trait level, reporting, for instance, positive associations between individuals' "sense of humor" and their scores on various creativity tests (Galloway, 1994;O'Quin & Derks, 1997;Ruch & Heintz, 2019). Viewed in more detail, it seems natural and is widely agreed that the creation of jokes is an instance of 'acting creatively' (for a recent review see Ruch & Heintz, 2019). ...
Humor comprehension is increasingly recognized as showing parallels to more conventional creative cognition; yet our understanding of brain mechanisms underlying creative cognition in a humorous context is still limited. The present study addressed this issue by investigating functional patterns of EEG alpha activity while 93 participants viewed nonverbal humorous cartoons until they indicated having recognized the punch line, and subsequently vocalized their idea as to what constituted it. In a similar fashion, EEG was also assessed during performance of the Alternate Uses Task (AUT), in order to identify similarities and differences in EEG alpha activity implicated in conventional creative cognition vs. humor comprehension. Analyses revealed a pattern of robust task-related alpha power increases in both tasks, which were markedly more right-lateralized at ventral fronto-temporal sites in the humor task as compared to the AUT. Findings are interpreted in line with recent literature on the functional role of alpha activity in the creativity domain. Altogether, this study adds further evidence to the particular role of EEG alpha oscillations in creative cognition and supports the idea that conventional creative ideation and the comprehension of humor share neural mechanisms affiliated to creative cognition.
... Perhaps the most powerful example of ambiguity in mediating possible disruptions can be seen in the case of humor (Fine 1983). At a structural level, humor operates by creating a "bi-sociation" of meaning (Koestler 1964): actors embrace two levels of interpretation. Successful humor then derives from recognizing that both interpretations are correct, but in different registers (Mulkay 1988;Davis 1993). ...
Micro-sociological theory has traditionally stressed interactional pressures towards alignment: actors’ attempts to co-construct a shared definition of the situation. We argue that this model provides an insufficient account of the coordination of action and of the emergence of intersubjectivity among actors. To complement the focus on alignment, we develop a theory of disruption—a perceived misalignment of the dramaturgical structure of interaction in coordinating expected lines of action. We develop a theory of the interaction order that takes the interplay between interactional alignment and disruption as a foundational challenge both for sociology and for actors in their everyday lives. We focus on the practical ways in which actors negotiate both interactional breaches and wider relational ruptures, and how they differentiate between disruptions-of relations and disruptions-for them. By doing so, we connect the interaction order to a wider relational order, providing a bridge between micro-level interactionism and the sociology of culture.
... Da lungo tempo la risata è oggetto di studio di autori appartenenti a discipline diverse 1 (Lipps, 2013(Lipps, [1898; Bergson, 2018Bergson, [1900; Freud, 1970Freud, [1905; Preisendanz & Warning, 1976;Koestler, 1964) ed è comunemente considerata la reazione prototipica che si manifesta in seguito a una forma di comicità. La letteratura scientifica nell'ambito degli Humor Studies concorda nel descrivere la relazione tra comicità e risata non più come un rapporto di causa-effetto, quanto nel concepire la seconda come una risposta di natura cognitiva ed estetica, legata alla soggettività e alle esperienze del singolo (Glenn, 2003, p. 26;Partington, 2006, p. 17). ...
Laughter commonly represents the typical reaction to humour. However, in special communicative contexts, such as asymmetrical interactions, laughter diverts from humour and can be exploited by speakers to organize the conversation. This work offers an analysis of conversations in German language between a student and a professor (Corpus GWSS from the Institut für Deutsche Sprache of Mannheim), recorded during an oral examination. The aim is to see in which way laughter is exploited in managing asymmetries and in fostering in the meantime the interactive co-construction of the conversations. The corpus-analysis shows that laughter fosters affiliation, but its irregular distribution testifies the subordinate status of the interlocutors. Moreover, it mitigates a (possible) face-threatening act and it is also used to signal a temporary breakdown of the turn-construction.
... I would like to present two notable expressions as an example: , with a relevant search for limits of possible generalization. In terms of Koestler (1964), progress in understanding provides the basis for the exercise of understanding, and can even lead on to the "next level" of understanding. ...
To cite this version: Ilya Sinitsky. What can we learn from pre-service teachers' beliefs on and dealing with creativity stimulating activities?. This paper aims to highlight the different aspects of a discussion on creativity promotion from the point of view of an educator involved in professional development of pre-service teachers. Challenging the prospective teachers with open mathematical problems provides data on their beliefs and behaviour concerning creativity and creativity encouragement in the classroom. We emphasize a certain manner of revealing elements of relative creativity during students' activities. The final remarks suggest relevant agenda for further discussion and research.
“The progress of civilisation is essentially attributable to creative thinking” (Kemple and Nissenberg, Early Childhood Education Journal, 2000, p. 67). The framework within which the creative capacity proper to the human species is nowadays read is decidedly “positive”: it is very rare to come across “negative” readings, if not in a generally ironic sense (linked to “creative interpretations” of laws, morals, responsibility, etc.). Yet, this was not always the case. In this chapter, I will focus on the reconstruction of a historical-cultural framework that has also seen the social prestige of this energy change considerably, after which I will look at its theoretical categorizations, its practical and symbolic operational dynamics, and its relationship with intelligence. This introductory framework will allow us to enter more consciously into the specific investigation of this volume, namely the in-depth study of the social dimensions of this individual and collective capacity.
The author of this volume is a sociologist of cultural processes: the structural perspective therefore, with regard to both authors of reference and research methodology, is sociological. He wanted, however, to attempt the impervious and sometimes slippery road of “disciplinary contamination” for several reasons: (a) creativity, like all human realities and perhaps to a greater extent, overflows every disciplinary embankment; (b) to really learn something about creativity, it is necessary to come to terms with as many disciplines as possible that involve or have been involved by it and acknowledge that some (in this case, psychology) possess an investigative history of incomparable depth; (c) the fertile ground of creativity (we shall see) is curiosity: as children are well aware, curiosity and a receptive mind will push ajar many doors behind which can be glimpsed concepts, novelties, ideas for which our eyes and minds are not yet equipped. It is a risk worth taking.
Complexity theory provides a path toward understanding the development of ancient Andean societal progress from early settlements to later high population states. The use of modern hydraulic engineering methods to develop an understanding of the technical achievements of ancient societies (paleohydraulics), when combined with complexity theory, provides a path toward understanding the role of hydraulic engineering achievements to guide population increase and societal group cooperation on the path from early kin settlements to later statehood. An example case illustrating the paleohydraulics-complexity theory connection is presented for advancement of the pre-Columbian Bolivian Tiwanaku (600–1100 CE) society through their seasonal control of groundwater levels in urban city areas. This feature provided well water availability for city housing, public fountains, city hygienic and health benefits from the control of habitation dampness levels, water on a year-round basis for intra-city specialty crops, and the structural foundational stability of monumental religious structures. Commensurate with this application, Tiwanaku raised-field systems utilized groundwater control technologies to support multi-cropping agriculture to support growing population demands. Paleohydraulics theory together with complexity theory is applied to other major South American ancient societies (Caral, Tiwanaku, Chimú, Wari, Inka) to illustrate the influence of advanced hydraulic engineering technologies on advances from early origins to statehood.
This study examines the role of figurativeness and conceptual tension in the effectiveness of visual metaphors. It proposes that the level of figurativeness is rooted in both visual structure and visual context. An experimental study was conducted to test the effectiveness of contextual fusion over simple fusion and contextual replacement respectively in both low and high conceptual tension conditions. The results showed an interaction between metaphor type and conceptual tension. When conceptual tension is low, contextual fusion metaphors are more artful, more humorous and generate more favorable ad attitude than simple fusion and contextual replacement. When conceptual tension is high, simple fusion metaphors are more artful, more humorous and generate more favorable ad attitude than contextual fusions. For low conceptual tension metaphors, there is a simple mediation through artfulness to ad attitude, and a serial mediation from metaphor type to artfulness, humor and to ad attitude. For high conceptual tension fusion metaphors, artfulness and comprehension both mediate the effect of simple fusion (vs. contextual fusion) on ad attitude, and there is a serial mediation from metaphor type to comprehension, humor and to ad attitude. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
This brief primer on creativity research aims to recap the cornerstones of creativity research and sketch the field’s history.
This article sets out a unified behavioural research programme that integrates compatible elements of old, new and evolutionary behavioural approaches to economics as an alternative to the dominant unified approach to economics based on rational choice theory and a Walrasian view of market coordination. However, the proposed programme can also be viewed as a general framework for interdisciplinary research on consumer behaviour. It employs the view of scientific research programmes proposed by Lakatos, setting out groups of ‘hard‐core’ propositions and their associated ‘do’ and ‘do not’ rules for the conduct of researchers. The unifying theme is that evolution in the economy (and in human systems more generally) entails the creation, adoption and abandonment of rules for dealing effectively with open‐ended choice problems that are bedevilled by infinite regress problems and cognitive challenges that people seek to address via personal repertoires of hierarchically related rules. To anticipate behaviour, researchers need to develop knowledge of these rules (including heuristics and routines), their functionality and the processes by which they get changed or prove difficult to change even where they cause problems.
In this article, I explore the music-in-becoming as a dialogue. The thesis of my inquiry is that during musical composition, the composer’s listening is marked by both activeness and receptiveness; actively structuring the sounding work, and receptively letting the work express itself as it takes its form. Composer and work merge in sudden moments of attunement, the sensation of coherence between the so-fare completed and the anticipation of the as-of-yet unformed work. Composition is all about balancing writing as a handicraft with those rare, unexpected moments of attunement. I discuss the emerging work’s invitational character and the fact that during composition, the piece seems to request the composer’s attention. The audibility of the work’s voice depends on the composer’s ability to listen. Finally, the methodological considerations concerning sonic-artistic research show that researching sonic experiences requires competencies of being attentive, responsive, and reflective. Attentiveness is related to thorough listening experiences of the emerging music, responsiveness appears as a vital skill in a composer’s dialoguing with the music-in-becoming, and reflectiveness is associated with empirically documenting the processes. At the heart of this sonic research project, I place my lived experience of composing and the intimate relation between sound and listening.
This chapter addresses brain and its interconnection with the visual, aural, tactile and kinaesthetic systems. From research into the visual cortex of the brain, we have observed the realisation that nerve cells are highly selective as to the stimuli to which they respond. It appears that all forms of learning lead to synaptic growth, but rather while short‐term or working memory strengthens synapses, long‐term memory not only strengthens synapses but also creates new synapses. Whilst the focus of our senses is invariably on vision, further attention is warranted on all the other senses. Touch is more tangible, and the sense of feel is important also–the texture and roughness, warmth and cold, can all be sensed particularly by the extremities of the body, thumbs and toes and skin–and the sense of movement and proprioception of the body. In aural terms, the ear receives and distinguishes sounds, speech, language and music.
This research explores the joint role of a diffusion of a scent congruent with the proposed product and two types of stimulation (instruction to imagine mentally and iconic stimulus) in order to improve the resulting individual creativity (in terms of fluidity or quantity of ideas generated). Through two experiments performed on 126 and 442 respondents, respectively, our results highlight the following: (1) the direct and positive effect of a diffusion of a scent congruent with the proposed product on the number of ideas generated. We find no support of mental imagery formation simplicity as a mediator of this relation; (2) the use of a mental imagery instruction reinforces the impact of a congruent scent on the number of ideas generated, whereas a pictorial stimulus does not play a moderating role in the relationship. The two types of stimuli therefore do not produce the same effects. The implications and managerial perspectives, limits and avenues for future research are further discussed.
The role of intuition in decision making is widely recognized in many fields, which saw a strong network of an intuition-based research community in this early turn of the century. However, it is poorly studied in the design field and notably little has been published on its role in design decision making, especially on the early concept stages of the design process. Reviews of previous studies reveal that task uncertainty and creativity have a positive and significant impact on expert intuition. This makes it a more convincing case for studying the highly unstructured mode of problems that are typically found in design. The case study on intuition-driven design expertise was done as a triangulation of data source from the in-depth interview of ten expert and six senior-level designers, followed by four sessions of focus group involving thirty-two participants made out of novice-level designers. Working around the common theme of “Future Workplace for Designers in the Year 2050,” the result produced a rich comparative and descriptive attributions of intuition-driven decision making between experienced and novice designers at three different types of intuition. These findings later inform the three decision-making models for training design expertise based on (1) affective intuition which draws on emotion, heart and feelings; (2) heuristic intuition which draws on logic, theories, facts and hunches; (3) holistic intuition which draws on abstract thinking, big ideas and big picture.
The article examines the main ethnic stereotypes, prerequisites and ways of their formation in a humorous discourse presented by the genre of anecdote. The main means of ethnic prejudices of humorous stereotypes expression, the reasons and methods of their formation are analyzed. A new principle of their classification is given according to the consideration of stereotypes from the standpoint of psycholinguistics. The paper also presents the schemes of humor perception by Russian and German ethnic groups. Using the material of anecdotes as the main form of modern humorous culture, it is shown how these schemes work and how ethnic stereotypes manifest themselves in an anecdote, how the relevance of stereotypes affects the change and disappearance of certain anecdotes from national everyday life. The means of expressing ethnic prejudices in the discourse under consideration are negative-evaluative communicative strategies of value differentiation, distance, and discrediting foreigners.
The growing demand for online work with children, youngsters and their families during the Covid19 pandemic presented new challenges. The well‐trodden roads had to be left. In this article we explore novel online ideas in systemic and narrative therapy. Playfulness in online work invites curiosity, vividness and collaboration, and vice versa. We conceive of it as an antidote for pitfalls and as an inspiration for responses to the threat of reductionism that lurks around the corner, especially in online work. It offers a stepping stone to a serious exploration and sharing of experiences, stories and meanings that help to develop richer understandings and more creative ideas. It is a source of new ways of relating for family members as well as for the therapist and the family. Finally, playfulness enables the weaving of threads and experiencing a sense of continuity between sessions. We illustrate our quest using several case stories.
Practitioner points
• Playfulness as an atmosphere, attitude and intervention in online work invites curiosity, vividness and collaboration (and vice versa) while opening new therapeutic possibilities.
• Keeping a broad systemic scope and inviting members of the actual and imaginary network works as an antidote to the threat of reductionism in online therapy.
• A playful use of the online medium creates new relational dances between family members as well as between the therapist and the family.
The frequently-encountered wholesale dismissal of either interdisciplinary knowledge or research reflects a profound misunderstanding of their vital contributions to scholarship, society, and individuals. This article presents the only self-contained, comprehensive defense of interdisciplinary knowledge and research, arguing that they are important because: 1. Creativity often requires interdisciplinary knowledge. 2. Immigrants often make important contributions to their new field. 3. Disciplinarians often commit errors which can be best detected by people familiar with two or more disciplines. 4. Some worthwhile topics of research fall in the interstices among the traditional disciplines. 5. Many intellectual, social, and practical problems require interdisciplinary approaches. 6. Interdisciplinary knowledge and research serve to remind us of the unity-of-knowledge ideal. 7. Interdisciplinarians enjoy greater flexibility in their research. 8. More so than narrow disciplinarians, interdisciplinarians often treat themselves to the intellectual equivalent of traveling in new lands. 9. Interdisciplinarians may help breach communication gaps in the modern academy, thereby helping to mobilize its enormous intellectual resources in the cause of greater social rationality and justice. 10. By bridging fragmented disciplines, interdisciplinarians might play a role in the defense of academic freedom. The case against interdisciplinary knowledge and research is made up of many intrinsic drawbacks and practical barriers. Taken together, these rewards, drawbacks, and barriers suggest a mild shift in the contemporary world of learning towards interdisciplinary knowledge and research.
We elaborate Alfred Schutz's theory of musical communication empirically. Our technique for analysing musical communication aligns Schutz's sociological theory with the mathematics of anticipatory systems. Music, we argue, can be considered as an anticipatory system that articulates through its diachronic unfolding, fundamental symmetries which can be traced back to its initial moments. Following Bohm and Dubois, we argue that these symmetries are present in fractal structures that gradually increase in definition as the music progresses. Critically, we focus on the role of redundancy in this process of providing increasing definition. By analysing the entropy of musical data, we show how graphs of relative entropies can be produced from which a fractal is constructed. In arguing that coherence in music can be established through the alignment of self‐similar patterns, the connection between Dubois's anticipatory systems and Schutz's characterization of the dimensions of musical communication shows how redundancy underlies musical coherence.
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https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/sres.2738
This chapter focuses on the key factors of a creative process, thus opening up the question of the meaning of novelty. It looks back at the way creativity has been considered over time in order to fully understand what is at stake in thinking about creativity in terms of process. The Renaissance was a period teeming with creativity and inventions, but it was also the founding period of the modern approach to creativity and innovation. Considering creativity in terms of process has also paved the way for the consideration of “creative rationality”. The majority of innovations are incremental, meaning that they differ little from existing products. Radical innovations, or disruptive innovations to use a fashionable term, offer a new value proposition that strongly destabilizes the habits and behaviors of users and of the business model in place. Creativity allows concepts to emerge and to select them in particular with regard to meaning.
Rituals are customarily muted into predictable routines aimed to stabilise social orders and limit conflict. As a result, their magic lure recedes into the background, and the unexpected and disruptive elements are downplayed. Our collaborative contribution counters this move by foregrounding rituals of world politics as social practices with notable disordering effects. We engage a series of ‘world pictures’ to show the worlding and disruptive work enacted in rituals designed to sustain the sovereign exercise of violence and war, here colonial treatymaking, state commemoration, military/service dog training, cyber-security podcasts, algorithmically generated maps, the visit of Prince Harry to a joint NATO exercise and border ceremonies in India, respectively. We do so highlighting rituals’ immanent potential for disruption of existing orders, the fissures, failures and unforeseen repercussions. Reappraising the disordering role of ritual practices sheds light on the place of rituals in rearticulating the boundaries of the political. Rituals can generate dissensus and re-divisions of the sensible rather than only impose a consensus by policing the boundaries of the political, as Rancière might phrase it. Our images are essential to the account. They help disinterring the fundamentals and ambiguities of the current worldings of security, capturing the affective atmosphere of rituals.
This chapter investigates The Painted Bridge (2012) and Pinkerton’s Sister (2005) that seek to deny any nostalgic or veiled representation of madness. As such, they demonstrate how individual difference—or inclination, habit, nature and/or imagination—is often turned into a weapon to traumatise and silence persons, particularly women and children, who do not adhere to social expectations but see life “otherwise.” These neo-Victorian fascinations with Victorian madness will be considered in light of past and present ideas of the figuration of the “mad” person not only in Victorian terms of hysteria, neuroticism, but in current ideas of schizopathy, dissociation or cognitive disinhibition. Victorian narratives seem to derogate imagination as madness but, in fact, in neo-Victorian novels, creativity and/or what might be termed excessive intellectualism or misguided self-authority over one’s own person are not madness but rather a refusal of social constraints.
Der gerüstfreie Bau von Gewölben mit dünnen gebrannten Ziegeln hat rund um das Mittelmeer eine jahrhundertealte Tradition, die sich den verschiedenen lokalen Gegebenheiten angepasst hat. Die Ursprünge dieser Bautechnik lassen sich in der mesopotamischen, römischen wie auch der islamischen Baukunst nachweisen. Zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhundert wurde sie auf dem amerikanischen Doppelkontinent erfolgreich verbreitet.
Archivmaterial von Paul Basiner ermöglichte neue Untersuchungen, die zeigen, dass die „Baugesellschaft Gebrüder Rank“ in München diese Gewölbetechnik nach dem 2. Weltkrieg nutzte, um die zerstörten Gewölbe mit einfachen Mitteln und geringem Materialverbrauch wieder zu errichten.
Zusammen mit Carl Sattler wurden zunächst Ziegelgewölbe beim Bau der Landeszentralbank in München verwendet. In den Folgejahren konnte die Firma Rank viele Gebäude in und um München mit Ziegelgewölben ausstatten. Erst in den 1960er‐Jahren geriet diese Bautechnik aus der Mode und damit etwas in Vergessenheit.
Computational Creativity is a multidisciplinary field that tries to obtain creative behaviors from computers. One of its most prolific subfields is that of Music Generation (also called Algorithmic Composition or Musical Metacreation), that uses computational means to compose music. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of this research field, it is sometimes hard to define precise goals and to keep track of what problems can be considered solved by state-of-the-art systems and what instead needs further developments. With this survey, we try to give a complete introduction to those who wish to explore Computational Creativity and Music Generation. To do so, we first give a picture of the research on the definition and the evaluation of creativity, both human and computational, needed to understand how computational means can be used to obtain creative behaviors and its importance within Artificial Intelligence studies. We then review the state of the art of Music Generation Systems, by citing examples for all the main approaches to music generation, and by listing the open challenges that were identified by previous reviews on the subject. For each of these challenges, we cite works that have proposed solutions, describing what still needs to be done and some possible directions for further research.
The various ways schools of psychotherapy relate to dreams have been marked by isolationism and mutual conflict rather than self-examination and then integrating the discoveries and methods of other schools. Jung's method was in opposition to Freud's psychoanalysis. Existential psychology was dismissive of Freud's and Jung's discoveries, while cognitive dream interpretation and cognitive therapy sought other roads entirely. In addition, scientific and neuropsychological dream research has been only insignificantly tied to the psychotherapeutic dream theories. These conflicts and the lack of a comprehensive dream theory has made it convenient for the current rationalist collective consciousness and treatment systems to reject the often times challenging knowledge about ourselves that dreams can provide. This paper describes how contemporary theories of complex cybernetic information networks can create an overriding, constructive framework for uncovering common traits within the above-mentioned branches of dream research and dreamwork. Within this framework, ten core qualities are delineated, supported by both therapeutic knowledge as well as scientific research: 1) Dreams deal with matters important to us; 2) Dreams symbolize; 3) Dreams personify; 4) Dreams are trial runs in a safe place; 5) Dreams are online to unconscious intelligence; 6) Dreams are pattern recognition; 7) Dreams are high level communication; 8) Dreams are condensed information; 9) Dreams are experiences of wholeness; 10) Dreams are psychological energy landscapes. For each core quality I describe short dreamwork sequences from my own practice and a schematic image of how I perceive the overriding interaction between systems in the dreaming brain. For each core quality recommendations for practical dreamwork are provided. Finally, I draw attention to dreams as a huge psychological resource for humankind.
© 2020, The Society of Analytical Psychology.
Kreativität - einst Kernforderung der (künstlerischen) Gesellschaftskritik - scheint heute nicht mehr als ein omnipräsenter gesellschaftlicher Imperativ zu sein. Ihr emanzipatorisches Potenzial wurde verspielt zugunsten einer strategischen Verwertung durch Politik und Wirtschaft, so der allgemeine Vorwurf. Vor diesem Hintergrund thematisiert der Band das facettenreiche Verhältnis von Kreativität und Kritik. Dazu versammelt er Beiträge aus unterschiedlichen Forschungsdisziplinen, künstlerischer sowie aktivistischer Praxis entlang der zentralen Fragen: Wie lässt sich das Konzept der Kreativität kritisieren und (wie) kann sein ursprünglich kritisches Potenzial reaktualisiert werden?
he paper demonstrates that the most spread among the diseases of the spine, acquired as a result of doing sport, is intervertebral osteochondrosis; the distribution of degenerative changes in the spine according to the type of sport was studied. It was found out that the leading position is occupied by high-skilled athletes – masters of sports, candidates for masters, first-grade sportspeople (75% of cases). Keywords: spine, osteochondrosis, sport, prevention, rehabilitation.
The article highlights the opportunities of using coaching technologies as conditions for students’ professionalself-development. The author determines the factors of future socionomic sphere specialists’ readiness to use coaching technologies in terms of the choice of content and procedural educational alternatives, explores the opportunities of using coaching technologies when teaching socionomic sphere specialists’ at university. Keywords: coaching technologies, coach, methods of professional activity’s self-regulation, coaching techniques.
It is proved in the article that at the current stage of development of artistic and pedagogical education its traditional principles of development that are oriented at acquiring of knowledge, formation of experiences and skills, range of competences are established. It is defined that the new requirements are imposed on a teacher in the context of innovational approaches as follows: the modern society needs professionals who can perform professional functions and will be ready from the beginning of professional activity to manifest professionalism, competences in formation of the generation with a high level of aesthetic culture, values and ethical orientations. Methodological aspects of formation of scenically-shaped culture of future teachers of the musical art are highlighted. The concepts of methodological approaches in the context of problem formation of scenically-shaped culture of future teachers of the musical art are disclosed. It is defined that among the leading methodological approaches that determine the essence of scenically-shaped culture of a teacher of the musical art are cultural, axiological, competence-based and hermeneutic ones that enables definition of the corresponding professionally- meaningful quality, professional competence that allow a specialist to master the content of a musical composition as a particular cultural phenomenon, to consider it as synthesis of spiritual, emotional and aesthetic experience of humankind on the basis of interpretation of its artistic and sense dimension to build its scenic image and to relay it to the pedagogical, performing and vocal activities. This quality manifests itself in orientation on artistic image interpretation through a scenic image on the basis of universal and national culture experience, personal life and professional experience, value orientation in command of interpretative skills, vocal and acting techniques, pedagogical talent in decoding of shaped system of a musical composition through the mediation of a stage image, manifold quality, structural components of which are motivational and empathetic, cognitive and educational together with creative and active. Keywords: future teachers of the musical art; methodological foundations; scenically-shaped culture; cultural approach; axiological approach; hermeneutical approach; competency-based approach; image.
The article analyzes the scientific studies concerning general concepts of self-guided work. Special attention is paid to the periodization of projecting in the life of a society with a deep historical background. The authors argue that the phenomenon of projecting is related to such concepts as method, technology, activity. A multidimensional study of pedagogical projecting has led to the conclusion that due to its use in future physical education teachers’ self-guided work the following traits are formed: the style of projective thinking, the ability to create pedagogical projects, the formation of creative abilities and thinking, reflection, etc. Based on the conducted research, the authors present their position on the phenomenon of pedagogical projecting. They also prove the effectiveness of the attitude of future physical education teachers to the use of pedagogical projecting in self-guided work. Keywords: self-guided work, pedagogical projecting, project method, project activity.
On the most important tasks of modern educational degree is the skills preservation and strengthening of health of participants of the educational process. In this context, an important indicator of future doctors, including specialists in physical education, to favor of preserving the culture of the sport. Article observes the main questions of reform of physical education in a summer camp. Keywords: sport, health, education, summer camp, reforms.
The article focuses on the role of humor as the basic quality of the modern teacher personality, the use of humor in communication and in the methods of education, as well as the need to revise existing methods of education in order to improve the learning process. Keywords: communication, sense of humor, humor, methods of education.
Most ancient vowels in the period of the birth of the German language are revealed. The phonetic structure of a single-root German word in the Old High German and Middle High German periods of the development of the German language is described. The statistical frequency of using vowels in the above periods has been determined. Key words: vowels and consonants, Old High German and Middle High German periods, frequency of use
Implementation of educational standards of professional education entails significant enhancing of the scope of a teacher’s professional activity, related to educational and methodological support of the educational process: elaboration of educational and program documentation, control means, methodological provision of the educational process. Methodological activity of a teacher comes to the fore and, respectively, requirements to a teacher’s methodological culture in modern conditions increase, and the essence of teacher’s methodological culture requires a new understanding. The paper considers a topical issue of modern professional training of a future music teacher, namely the formation of their methodological culture. The paper substantiates pedagogical conditions for formation of methodological culture of a future music teacher on the grounds of hermeneutic approach. Keywords: high art education; methodical culture, future teacher of musical art, musical art; pedagogical condition; hermeneutic approach.
The interdisciplinarity of artistic education lies in the versatility of the influence of art on all cognitive processes of man and the ability of artistic-figurative embodiment of any topic and plot that concerns the person - the artist and the recipient. The origins of interdisciplinarity as a scientific paradigm lie in the theory of communication. The basis of interdisciplinarity lies in the scientific semantics: interdisciplinarity performs a syntactic role, on the one hand, and on the other, contributes to the growth of semantic connections in schemes and transitions between different subject areas. A promising strategic direction is to increase the cultural intensity of all academic disciplines. Simplified-practical use of art as an illustration, «figurative confirmation» of life's phenomena ignores its high purpose. Keywords: strategy, benchmarks, development, post-classical paradigm, artistic education, interdisciplinary discourse, innovative model, communicative practices.
The article analyzes the scientific literature, summarizes and systematizes pedagogically experience of the problem, reveals the essence and content of professional competence of future police officers, presents a functional and role-based view of communicative activities from the position of tutor, identifies the possibility of including a tutor tool in the formation of future communicative competence police officers. It is emphasized that tutor action is the most important emergent component of the holistic process of training future police officers, where the formation of communicative competence is an important task. Keywords: the communicative competence of the future police officers, a tutor, tutoring, a tutor, the higher education, the higher educational institution, the educational process.
The article discusses the indicators of the culture of professional interaction of future specialists in the socionic sphere, determined in accordance with the components of the phenomenon and the criteria for their evaluation: the existence of value orientations, motivation to achieve success, the direction of the personality (incentive criterion); familiarity with the specifics of professional interaction, communicative barriers, means of manipulation (knowledge criterion), possession of verbal and non-verbal means of communication, listening skills, use of media tools (operational criteria), the presence of skills for emotional regulation, prevention of conflict situations, decision-making (activity criterion ), the presence of moral and strong-willed qualities, tolerance, creativity (personal criteria). Keywords: future specialists in the socionic sphere, culture of professional interaction, criteria, indicators.
The article reveals the theoretical basis of understanding the meaning of the phenomenon "aesthetic culture of the teacher of artistic disciplines". The content of the concepts "culture", "aesthetic culture", "culturological preparation, aesthetic competence" are determined. The methodological basis of humanization of educational space of the pedagogical university is outlined by aesthetizing the professional training of future teachers of artistic disciplines. The determinants of the successful preparation of future teachers of artistic disciplines in higher education institutions are determined. Keywords: aesthetic culture, teacher of artistic disciplines, institution of higher education.
The article defines the role of the method of cultural dialogue in the tolerance formation of future foreign language teachers during professional training in pedagogical institutions of higher education. It is pointed out that one of the leading methods contributing to the formation of students' tolerance is the method of dialogue of cultures, in particular, in the classes of the educational discipline "Practice of Oral and Written Speech". It is noted that for the formation of tolerance in future teachers of a foreign language, the use of this method is most expedient in conducting tolerance classes, debates, discussions, organization of role-playing and business games that promote the acquisition of students' tolerance skills, virtual excursions that provide active creative activity for students. Keywords: future foreign language teachers, tolerance, method “dialogue of cultures”.
The paper considers psychological and pedagogical issues of formation of aesthetic competence of a future music teacher. Education plays a major role in the formation of a competent individual, and aesthetic competence is one of important components in training of a music teacher, since it is an ability of a person to aesthetic perception and comprehension of beauty, which presupposes knowledge of aesthetics, maturity of aesthetic beliefs, feelings, values, ideals, behavior in the field of music art. Keywords: aesthetic competence, general cultural competence, artistic and aesthetic values, personality, music teacher.
The article is devoted to innovative approaches that promote social adaptation of first-year students. The article highlights the results of the analysis and the experimental work, which was aimed at identifying problems in the first- year students’ adaptation to new learning environment. Keywords: adaptation, social adaptation, innovative approaches.
The purpose of this study was the study and development of methods of professionally directed training English language of the future teachers of pre-school educational institutions. As a method of stimulating the internal motivation of teaching English, the use of the method of professionally oriented, research and development projects, topics of that were discussed with students was chosen. Observing the work of students during the implementation of projects, interviews with them, as well as the results of the final questionnaire, showed that the implementation of professional-oriented research projects contributed to increasing the motivation of learning English. Keywords: English language, professionally oriented education, educator of children's institutions.
Conception of practical-oriented teaching-learning process, turned to the concrete results, is among the modern world educational trends. Physics teacher’s personal persuasion in a special, mutually penetrative, character of relations between Physics and Mathematics, his ability to demonstrate this character in teaching and educational process and to favor in such a way the formation of analogic persuasions of his students are among the most impotent concrete results of the process of such teacher’s, training. A system of mutual co-ordination between the course of General Physics and mathematical courses for the first-year students of physical specialties, together with the author’s concept of its implementation are represented. Keywords: Mathematics, Physics, practical-oriented training, mutually penetrative character of relations between Physics and Mathematics, educational curricula, intensive course of Elementary Mathematics.
The article analyzes the problem of professional self-determination through the historiography prism of existing pedagogical practice. The research attention is focused on the structuring of authors’ models of professional self-determination in modern high school. The close relationship of completed professional self-determination with the domination of the creative approach and innovative thinking of the individual, at the theoretical and practical levels, is conceptualized. Keywords: historiography, professional self-determination, personality, pedagogical practice.
In the article, the author dwells on the problem of future vocalist's emotional expressiveness formation as one of the main factors of his professional and vocal training. Based on the theoretical analysis of psychological, pedagogical, art and vocal pedagogical literature we highlighted scientific approaches and principles determining the formation of the emotional expressiveness, its quality, and effectiveness. Scientific approaches and principles will become the background for the methodological model of future vocalist's emotional expressiveness formation at solo singing classes. Keywords: scientific principles; scientific approaches; emotional expressiveness; professional training; future vocalist.
The article deals with the issues of professional development of a foreign language teacher and identifies its main features. It is stated that modern world demands new approaches to the organization and improvement of the teaching process of learning a foreign language. It is determined that improving the quality of teaching depends on many factors. It is stated that the constant professional development of teachers is characterized by a variety of forms, methods, approaches. It is noted that new technologies created conditions for fundamental changes in teaching methods, changed the conditions of professional activity of a teacher, transformed his/her role and functions, and also required mastering a range of new skills. The qualification characteristic of a teacher is formulated as an integral part of his/her professional culture, which is aimed at improvement and self-development. It is emphasized on the importance and necessity of increasing the effectiveness of acquiring knowledge and practical skills in the institutes of advanced training and improvement. Keywords: teacher, professional development, foreign language, students, innovative pedagogical technologies
The article deals with the urgent issue of training high school students for external independent testing, the necessary condition for which is formation of their subject-matter competency, in particular, the mathematical one. The essence of competency-based approach, concepts “competence”, “competency” are revealed. The author singles out the effective forms, methods, technologies of organizing high school students’ educational activity in mathematics lessons aimed at quality preparation for external independent testing. Keywords: competency-based approach, competency, competence, subject-matter competency, external independent testing.
The article substantiates the relevance of the study of the issue of culture relevant education, in particular of future teachers of musical art, the formation of a methodological culture in them. The data on the theoretical basis for the study of this issue are presented. On the basis of the analysis of the concepts «culture», «pedagogical culture», «professional and pedagogical culture», «methodological culture», the essence of the phenomenon «methodological culture of future teachers of musical art» is determined and its role in the process of their professional training in the conditions of the institution of higher education has been proved to be implemented professional activity. Keywords: culture, teacher of musical art, methodological culture, professional training, institution of higher education.
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