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Ovarian dehydrogenases of the non-pregnant, pregnant and lactating Rhinopoma microphyllum kinneari (Chiroptera: Rhinopomatidae)
... The reproductive strategies of chiropterans display a wide spectrum of unique and cha ra c te ris tic patterns. Some bats have functionally equivalent ovaries, alternating in function annually; others show dextral or sinistral dominance (Wimsatt 1975, 1979, Gopalakrishna & Choudhari 1977, Ki t che ner 1973, Krutzsch & Crichton 1985, Jaroli & Lall 1987, Trivedi & Lall 1989, 2004). The present study was undertaken to monitor shifts in the histochemical pattern of 5'-Nucleotidase (5'-N) enzyme – substrate relationship to delineate aspects of bio-energetics of folliculogenesis in Rhinopoma microphyllum ovaries during different reproductive stages. ...
... is an insectivorous microchiropteran, having an annual breeding cycle (Anand Kumar 1965, Lall 1986, Trivedi 1991, Trivedi & Lall 2004). The profi le of enzyme substrate re la ti on ship, in ovaries during different reproductive stages in chiroptera has not been widely studied. ...
... In pregnant bats, the contralateral difference was evident as the ova ry bearing the corpus luteum had milder enzyme profi le as compared to the non-ovulating ovary of the same animal. This is similar to the profi le observed with Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in R. m. kinneari (Trivedi & Lall 2004). In the lactating bats, again no contralateral differences were seen and enzyme intensity observed was somewhere in between that of non-pregnant and pregnant phases. ...
... Several enzymes like dehydrogenases are involved in the cellular conversion of cholesterol into progesterone. Dehydrogenases of glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid (TCA, i.e., Krebs cycle) pathways play an essential role in providing the energy needed for various metabolic activities of somatic and germ cells [6]. The localization of diaphorases and esterases has not been studied and correlated with respect to its function in buffalo CL. ...
Despite numerous studies and surveys targeting Chiroptera in Rajasthan since 1955, Pipistrellus ceylonicus has not been observed in the state for more than a century since 1913. Based on an adult male specimen recovered from Kusthala village in Sawai Madhopur district of Rajasthan, we report the occurrence of this species from the state after more than a century.
This chapter gives an intensive account of the 25 species of bats recorded so far from Rajasthan. Some species are restricted in distribution, while others are widespread in the areas where suitable habitats and food resources exist. As many as 15 species from the desert region, 17 species from non-desert region and 16 species from the Aravalli Hills have been reported, out of which seven species are common to all regions of Rajasthan. No taxa are endemic to Rajasthan. Taxonomy, distribution and status of each species have been presented separately in the text. Drastic reduction in the rich diversity and extinction of many local species in Bikaner, Jaisalmer and Jodhpur districts have been attributed to the increasing tourism and the conversion and renovation of old havelis (big villas) and palaces into hotels and lodges. The recent appearance of fruit bats and increase in their diversity due to the changing ecology of the Thar Desert after the formation of Indira Gandhi Nahar Project (IGNP) have also been described. Implementation of a ban on disturbing bat roosts in old havelis and ruins has been suggested to protect their habitat. More research initiatives need to be taken up for well-planned and detailed fi eld studies.
Habitat preference of bats in the flood plain of the middle Morava river, near Olomouc (C Mo ra via, Czech Republic). Activity of foraging bats was studied using bat detectors in the flood plain of the Morava river. Moreover, characteristics of the river, riparian vegetation and the sur roun ding ha bi tats were surveyed. The highest foraging activity was found at ponds and streams, in contrast to the low activity in the forest habitat. Myotis dau ben to nii avoided parts of the river with running water and preferred water surfac shaded with vegetation, similarily like Nyctalus noctula. The activity of Pi pis t rel lus nathusii sig ni fi cant ly co r re la ted with the presence of open space above the ponds and the river (places without continuous riparian ve ge ta ti on). The absence of Nycta lus leisleri in the wooded part of the river, in the Litovel-Olomouc section, was rather surprising. In the open part, the Olomouc-Tovačov section, this species foraged at the ponds. It can be concluded that water bodies sur roun ded with well-developed riparian vegetation are of big importance to bat in the exploited ag ri cul tu ral landscape. Habitat preference, foraging activity, detectors
The aim of this study was to examine the biochemical composition of follicular fluid from different-sized follicles and its
relationship with that of blood plasma in buffalo. Ovaries of adult and healthy buffaloes were collected after slaughter.
Follicular fluid was aspirated from three size classes of follicles (4–5, 6–9, and 10–20mm diameter). Blood samples were
also collected from these buffaloes immediately before slaughter. The follicular fluid and blood plasma samples were analyzed
for metabolites (glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, and creatinine), ions (calcium
and phosphorus), and enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase).
The follicular fluid calcium, urea, creatinine, albumin, and ASAT and ALAT concentrations were not affected by the size of
the ovarian follicles. Follicular fluid concentrations of phosphorus, cholesterol, triglyceride, ALK, and LDH decreased from
small to large follicles. Phosphorus, albumin, and LDH concentrations in plasma were significantly lower than the levels in
all follicle classes. The plasma concentrations of glucose, creatinin, cholesterol, triglyceride, protein, and glubolin were
higher than in the small, medium, and large follicles. The concentration of glucose in the small follicles was significantly
lower than in the medium and large follicles. Total protein concentration in fluid of small follicles was significantly higher
than in the large follicles. The amount of globulin in medium follicles was higher than in the small and large follicles.
The plasma concentration of ALK was significantly lower than in the small and medium follicles. ALK concentration difference
between large follicles and plasma was not significant.
KeywordsBuffalo–Biochemical composition–Follicular fluid–Blood plasma
A detailed study of the reproductive habits of Rhinopoma kinneari (Wroughton) inhabiting a semi-arid region of India (Jodhpur) was made to fill in the paucity of such information in the Family Rhinopomatidae.
The reproductive pattern of Rhinopoma can be related to its seasonal movement which occurs just before and immediately after its winter torpor. The testes are permanently abdominal and these together with the accessory reproductive organs experience an annual sexual cycle. The females are monoestrous, breed in March and bring forth a single young during July-August. Pregnancy lasts for at least 123 days and parturition occurs by head presentation. The young are weaned after six to eight weeks of suckling and attain sexual maturity in their second year of age.
Bats are noteworthy in that anatomical and/or functional asymmetries of the female reproductive organs are far more frequent and profound than recorded for any other mammalian Order, being observed in representatives of all 13 familis so far examined. Asymmetry is expressed as a unilateral dominance of an ovary, the uterus, or both. Dextral dominance is most frequent, but cases of sinistral dominance are recorded. In general 6 basic patterns of asymmetry are recognizable. These are briefly described. Physiological factors which may condition expressions of asymmetry in specific cases are discussed, and some avenues for future research are suggested.
Normal rats with regular 4-day estrous cycles were exposed to continuous illumination, beginning at 90 days of age, to induce persistent vaginal estrus and follicular cystic ovaries. Animals were killed after 50, 100 and 150 days in continuous light. The ovaries were studied histochemically for the following enzymes: ΔB-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase, lactic dehydrogenase and succinic dehydrogenase. Growing follicles, until the vesicular stage, appeared indistinguishable from the normal. However, mature preovulatory follicles, such as are found in the normal rat at proestrus, were absent. Two types of enlarged, abnormal follicles were seen: one with a hyperplastic, infolded granulosa layer with strong Δ⁵-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities, and a second, cystic type lined by a thin layer of granulosa devoid of enzyme activity. Involuting corpora lutea with intense 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity were found after 50 days, and occasionally also after 100 days of illumination. An increase in amount of the interstitial gland tissue was apparent. Its enzyme activity was in general weaker than in normal ovaries. (Endocrinology 83: 329,1968)
Normal rats with regular 4-day estrous cycles were exposed to continuous illumination, beginning at 90 days of age, to induce persistent vaginal estrus and follicular cystic ovaries. Animals were killed after 50, 100 and 150 days in continuous light. The ovaries were studied histochemically for the following enzymes: ΔB-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase, lactic dehydrogenase and succinic dehydrogenase. Growing follicles, until the vesicular stage, appeared indistinguishable from the normal. However, mature preovulatory follicles, such as are found in the normal rat at proestrus, were absent. Two types of enlarged, abnormal follicles were seen: one with a hyperplastic, infolded granulosa layer with strong Δ⁵-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities, and a second, cystic type lined by a thin layer of granulosa devoid of enzyme activity. Involuting corpora lutea with intense 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity were found after 50 days, and occasionally also after 100 days of illumination. An increase in amount of the interstitial gland tissue was apparent. Its enzyme activity was in general weaker than in normal ovaries. (Endocrinology 83: 329,1968)
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