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Anti-inflammatory effects of medicinal plants mixture used by Bedouin people in Saudi Arabia

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Eman Ramadan Elsharkawy at Northern Borders University
Eman Ramadan Elsharkawy
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Abstract

S u m m a r y Due to toxic and adverse side effects of synthetic drugs, traditional herbal medicine has the potential as a source of new bioactive molecules. That is why we investigated this research, searching new anti-inflammatory drugs from plants growing around us. The anti-inflammatory effect of the mixture of different plants used in traditional medicine (Alkanna tinctoria, Rubia tinctorum and Artemisia herba alba) were studied using carrageenan-induced paw edema (oil mixture extract 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg). These material reduces carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats and shows inhibition after 4 h especially at a concentration 200 mg/kg. Oil mixture extract were investigated by capillary GC and GC–MS in combination with retention indices revealed the presence of about 17 compounds: artemisol, epiglobulol and α-bisabolol are the main constituents as well as volatile oil and other triterpenes: taraxasterol, stigmasterol, ursan-12-ene, olean-12-ene, betulin, germincol, lupeol acetate and lupeol. Other heterocyclic compounds: moropholine and piperidinol were also identified.
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





        







           






    

    



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
     


    
 
          
       
    

 
     




   




  







 
ī
      

     
       



  
       






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
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 
α
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

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

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  
β
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
α
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
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


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
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
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
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
 



      







    
   
   
       



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


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
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
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








         
       
    

        




     



   
  
 
  α
  
  α
  
 
  
  β
  
   
   
   α
   
   
  
  α




 
        
  
        
        
        


ª
Figure 1.
Bar diagram showing % inhibition
Figure 1.
Bar diagram showing % inhibition







α 


    





α 

     

        
β

        
β
βα
α





−−

≈


−

β 
βα

      


 
    








   
     


          




         






        




           
 
       


 
           

 

 

             
           




 


 

 

 


 

    

 

 
 

 
        

 


           

    

 
  

 

        

 

 
          

 

 

 

 

        

            

 


 
 

 
 
 

 
            



























  
        
          
  



    

α


   α    

... The anthraquinone has an effective anti-inflammatory efficacy in suppressing macrophages and neutrophils relevant to inflammation [41,42] . ...
... Anti-inflammatory activity: Purpurin along with other natural had showed promising anti-inflammatory activity [41] . It also showed the anti-inflammatory activities by regulating the pro-inflammatory Interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-18 systems [76] . ...
... Anti-inflammatory activity: The anti-inflammatory activity of quinizarin along with other natural quinones was evaluated [41] . ...
Ethno-Medicinal and Therapeutic Applications of Natural Anthraquinones: Recent Trends and Advancements
Article
Full-text available
Traditional and ethno-medicinal use of plants enforces a holistic approach towards human health by wittily utilizing the synergistic potency of the bioactive compounds. Quinones are unique molecules with several therapeutic properties that lead them as most vital compound in pharmaceutical system. They can easily undergo reduction reaction paving the path for many biological processing. This class of molecules helps in treatment of several chronic ailments. Many of the drugs in Ayurvedic formulations and/or modern medicinal sectors are having one or more types of quinone groups as a major bio-active compound. However these aforementioned properties of quinones make them unique and versatile. The biochemical knowledge of these compounds is necessary to understand their physiological and toxicological properties. Amongst all quinones found naturally, anthraquinones are one of its kinds due to wide spectrum utilization in several drug formulations. In this review a brief detail of six unique yet ethno-botanically and pharmacologically versatile quinone compounds are depicted with their natural resources, structural characterization and ethno-pharmacological activities. The gathered information regarding the above mentioned bio-active compounds would be helpful in identification and isolation of these compounds from a wide range of natural sources with structural characterization and pharmacological potency. These data would be pivotal in their precise identification for further use in both Ayurvedic and modern drug formulation sectors thereby lessening the threat status of the frequently used rare, endangered and threatened plants.
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... In the present study natural colorant obtained from Alkanet root was used to formulate our lipstick. Alkanna tinctoria, commonly known as the dyer's alkanet, orchanet, and bugloss belong to family Boraginaceous [5,6]. Alkanet roots produces a fine red colouring compound used for dying cloth, medicines, varnishes, food, braveries etc [5][6][7][8][9]. ...
... Alkanna tinctoria, commonly known as the dyer's alkanet, orchanet, and bugloss belong to family Boraginaceous [5,6]. Alkanet roots produces a fine red colouring compound used for dying cloth, medicines, varnishes, food, braveries etc [5][6][7][8][9]. The dye obtained from Alkanet are water insoluble but https://doi.org ...
... /10.37358/Rev.Chim.1949 Rev. Chim., 73 (4) soluble in organic solvents like ethanol, acetonitrile, ether etc [6]. ...
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Lipstick Containing Alkanet Root as a Natural Colorant
Article
Full-text available
  • Oct 2022
From ancient time peoples were using lipstick, which was made by natural sources to protect and to increase the beauty of lips. Herbal lipstick contains pigments, antioxidants, waxes, oils, fragrance and preservatives. Alkanet root is used as natural source of red pigment in cosmetics, food and textile industries. Alkanet roots are traditionally used to treat aging, wounds, inflammation and herpes. The herbal lipstick was formulated and subjected to evaluation by different parameters like breaking, melting and, softening points, surface anomalies, aging and perfume stabilities, solubility test and pH. The herbal lipstick presents quintessential properties after application. It was concluded that the formulated herbal lipstick provides less side effects and further clinical investigation is required to assess for better efficacy.
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Alkanna tinctoria leaves extracts: A prospective remedy against multidrug resistant human pathogenic bacteria
Article
Full-text available
Plants are rich source of chemical compounds that are used to accomplish biological activity. Indigenously crude extracts of plants are widely used as herbal medicine for the treatment of infections by people of different ethnic groups. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the biological potential of Alkanna tinctoria leaves extract from district Charsadda, Pakistan against multidrug resistant human pathogenic bacteria including Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Anti-multi-drug resistant bacterial activity of aqueous, chloroform, ethanol and hexane extracts of Alkanna tinctoria leaves were evaluated by well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of different extracts were determined. Moreover qualitative phytochemicals screening of the studied extracts was performed. All four selected bacteria including A. baumannii, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were categorized as multi-drug resistant (MDR) as they were found to be resistant to 13, 10, 19 and 22 antibiotics belonging to different groups respectively. All the four extract showed potential activity against S. aureus as compare to positive control antibiotic (Imipenem). Similarly among the four extracts of Alkanna tinctoria leaves, aqueous extract showed best activity against A. baumannii (10 ± 03 mm), P. aeruginosa (12 ± 0.5 mm), and S. aureus (14 ± 0.5 mm) as compare to Imipenem. The MICs and MBCs results also showed quantitative concentration of plant extracts to inhibit or kill MDR bacteria. When phytochemicals analysis was performed it was observed that aqueous and ethanol extracts showed phytochemicals with large number as well as volume, especially Alkaloides, Flavonoides and Charbohydrates. The undertaken study demonstrated that all the four extracts of Alkanna tinctoria leaves exhibited considerable antibacterial activity against MDR isolates. Finding from the current study will be helpful for further elucidation of lead molecules from Alkanna tinctoria leaves for future therapeutic use against MDR pathogens.
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Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Quadrupole Mass Spectroscopy
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2005
Adams, R. P. 2007. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry, 4th Edition. Allured Publ., Carol Stream, IL Is out of print, but you can obtain a free pdf of it at www.juniperus.org
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Chemical constituents and biological activities of Artemisia herba-alba
Research
Full-text available
  • Jul 2015
Artemisia, one of the larger genera in the family Asteraceae and the largest genus in the tribe Anthemideae, comprises from 200 to more than 500 taxa at the specific or subspecific level. Many Artemisia species have a high economic value in several fields, as food plants and as antihelminthic and antimalaria in medicine. Artemisia herba-alba was known for its therapeutic and medicinal properties, it was used in both traditional and modern medicine. Several papers have been published on the chemical composition of specimens of A. herba-alba. The aim of this work is to review all available scientific literature published on A. herba-alba.The focus will be on the chemical constitutions which have been identified from this species, in addition to all of the reported biological activities of this species have been included as well as the pharmacology and toxicology.
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Potential anti-inflammatory bioactives from medicinal plants of Western Ghats, India
Article
Full-text available
  • Apr 2012
Natural products have long been a thriving source for the discovery of new drugs because of their chemical diversity. With increased use of herbal remedies, traditionally used medicinal plants are receiving increased attention from scientific and pharmaceutical communities. The newer work on medicinal plants is mostly the rediscovery of traditional effects at cellular and molecular levels. Development of standardized, safe and effective herbal formulations as multi-target therapeutics and prophylaxis could be a tenable approach for the future. Hundreds of plant metabolites are reported to have many pharmacological activities although most of these reports are of academic interest and very few find entry at clinical trials. Compilation of the information would help promote wider acceptance and use of these plant based drugs in main stream of medicine. The present review is directed towards compilation of the pharmacological attributes of medicinal plants of Western Ghats, India in the drug discovery and development process as it could be a driving force to identify lead molecules providing an attractive strategy for novel and improved therapeutics.
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Teor e composição química do óleo essencial de Hyptis marrubioides Epling (Lamiaceae) em diferentes genótipos
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  • Jan 2009
Hyptis marrubioides Epling (hortelã-do-campo) é espécie de uso medicinal conhecida pelas suas atividades contra infecções gastrointestinais, infecções de pele, dores e câimbras. Objetivou-se com este trabalho, avaliar o teor e composição química do óleo essencial de H. marrubioides em diferentes genótipos (roxo e branco) e partes da planta fresca (folhas, inflorescências e caule). Os genótipos estudados foram identificados através das inflorescências das plantas que apresentam coloração roxa e branca. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, contendo as três partes da planta de ambos os genótipos, perfazendo um fatorial 3x2, com quatro repetições. O óleo essencial foi extraído por hidrodestilação por duas horas e analisado por Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada a Espectrometria de Massas (CG-EM). O maior teor de óleo essencial foi observado na inflorescência do genótipo roxo. A composição do óleo essencial de H. marrubioides variou quantitativamente entre as partes das plantas analisadas e entre os genótipos. O composto α-tujona apresentou a maior porcentagem de área do pico nas inflorescências de genótipo roxo. As porcentagens das plantas com genótipo roxo foram em média superiores às plantas com genótipo branco.
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Chemical composition and antiproliferative activity of essential oil from aerial parts of a medicinal herb Artemisia herba-alba
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Artemisia herba-alba Asso., Asteraceae, is widely used in Morrocan folk medicine for the treatment of different health disorders. However, no scientific or medical studies were carried out to assess the cytotoxicity of A. herba-alba essential oil against cancer cell lines. In this study, eighteen volatile compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis of the essential oil obtained from the plant's aerial parts. The main volatile constituent in A. herba-alba was found to be a monoterpene, Verbenol, contributing to about 22% of the total volatile components. The essential oil showed significant antiproliferative activity against the acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (CEM) cell line, with 3 µg/mL as IC50 value. The anticancer bioactivity of Moroccan A. herba-alba essential oil is described here for the first time.
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Pharmakologische Untersuchungen von Kamillen-Inhaltsstoffen
Article
  • Oct 1983
While it is known that chamomile contains matricine, so far it was not clear whether this chamazulene precursor is as pharmacologically active as chamazulene itself. As guajazulene, moreover, is frequently used instead of matricine and chamazulene in chamomile preparations it was the purpose of this work to compare the antiphiogistic activities of all these substances. The antiphiogistic properties after oral administration of chamazulene and matricine in comparison with guajazulene, (-)-α-bisabolol (INN Levomenol) and salicylamide were studied in rat paw carrageenin edema. Two and three hours after administration of the substances, matricine on a molar basis was similarly effective as (-)-α-bisabolol. Four hours after administration, no significant differences were found between the two substances. On the other hand, chamazulene und guaj azulene showed significantly less activity than (-)-α-bisabolol and matricine. After four hours, the pharmacological effects of guaj azulene decreased significantly whereas chamazulene showed nearly constant activities over the entire testing period. Guajazulene thus proves to have a therapeutic performance of shorter terms than chamazulene. The results prove that matricine, chamazulene and guajazulene must be considered as having different antiphiogistic activities and that these substances cannot be replaced by each other arbitrarily in chamomile preparations.
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Inhibitory Effect of Taraxastane-Type Triterpenes on Tumor Promotion by 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13Acetate in Two-Stage Carcinogenesis in Mouse Skin
Article
Two taraxastane-type hydroxy triterpenes, taraxasterol and faradiol, isolated from the flowers of Compositae plants Cynara scolymus (artichoke) and Chrysanthemum morifilolium (chrysanthemum), respectively, showed strong inhibitory activity against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation in mice. At 2.0 μmol/mouse, these compounds inhibited markedly the tumor-promoting effect of TPA (1 μg/mouse) on skin tumor formation following initiation with 7,12-dimethylbenz[α]anthracene (50 μg/mouse).Copyright © 1996 S. Karger AG, Basel
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GC-MS analysis of Artemisia herba alba Asso essential oils from Algeria
Article
Artemisia herba alba Asso (Compositae) essential oils, well known in the folk medicine for antispamodic and bactericidal properties and used in perfumery, have been widely studied in Morocco, Egypt, Spain, Israel, etc. Plants growing in Algeria were very little studied. Consequently, the goal of this work was to determine the composition of several populations of A. herba alba at different developmental stages and to compare them with those previously described in order to find out to which chemotype they belong. Among numerous GC-MS recorded mass spectra on nonpolar and polar columns, almost one hundred were identified. The oils are characterized by a high percentage of camphor (19–48%), 1,8-cineole (5–20%), chrysanthenone (5–22.5%), α-thujone (1.0–26.7%), β-thujone (1.65–9.3%), and camphene (1.7–7.9%). The presence of numerous chrysanthenyl esters not previously described is worth mentioning. The oils from Algeria belong to the camphor/thujones/chrysanthenone chemotype.
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