What is Job Crafting and Why Does It Matter?

Abstract

Job crafting captures the active changes employees make to their own job designs in ways that can bring about numerous positive outcomes, including engagement, job satisfaction, resilience, and thriving. This briefing introduces the core ideas of job crafting theory for management students by defining it, describing why it is important, summarizing key research findings, and exploring what it means for employees, managers, and organizations.

Full text

Released 10/09/2007
Revised 8/01/2008
From the Center for
Positive Organizational Scholarship
THEORY-TO-PRACTICE BRIEFING
What is Job Crafting
and Why Does It Matter?=
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By
Justin M. Berg
Research and Development Consultant
Jane E. Dutton
Robert L. Kahn Distinguished University Professor of Business
Administration and Psychology
Amy Wrzesniewski
Associate Professor of Organizational Behavior - Yale School of
Management
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ABSTRACT
Job crafting captures the active changes
employees make to their own job designs
in ways that can bring about numerous
positive outcomes, including engagement,
job satisfaction, resilience, and thriving.
This briefing introduces the core ideas of
job crafting theory for management
students by defining it, describing why it
is important, summarizing key research
findings, and exploring what it means for
employees, managers, and organizations.

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY
©2007 Regents of the University of Michigan

I take on as much event planning as I can, even though it wasn’t originally part of my job. I do it
because I enjoy it, and I’m good at it. I have become the go-to person for event planning, and I like
my job much more because of it.
Ó=j~êâÉíáåÖ=`ççêÇáå~íçê=
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When I first came here, we started using the new higher-speed equipment. Then lots of new guys
came in. So I started helping them learn the job. Now it’s just expected that I train the new guys. I
did this in my previous job, so I have experience with it, and I like it because I’m able to help and
work with guys from different backgrounds.
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Music is a very important part of my life . . . I often liken teaching to being a musician because
when I’m in front of a classroom, I put on my performance face. It’s the same way with music. I
remember when I was performing with my rock band and the high I got from playing in front of
people was very similar to the high I get from performing teaching in front of students.
Ó=råáîÉêëáíó=iÉÅíìêÉê=
CORE IDEA
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©2007 Regents of the University of Michigan Page 1 of 8

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Page 2 of 8 ©2007 Regents of the University of Michigan

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Individual Outcomes
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Page 4 of 8 ©2007 Regents of the University of Michigan

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For Employees in General
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í~ëâë=~åÇ=áåíÉêéÉêëçå~ä=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=íÜ~í=ã~âÉ=ìé=~=àçÄ=~êÉ=~=ÑäÉñáÄäÉ=ëÉí=çÑ=ÄìáäÇáåÖ=ÄäçÅâë=íÜ~í=Å~å=
ÄÉ=êÉçêÖ~åáòÉÇI=êÉëíêìÅíìêÉÇI=~åÇ=êÉÑê~ãÉÇ=íç=ÅçåëíêìÅí=~=ÅìëíçãáòÉÇ=àçÄK=qÜÉëÉ=ÄìáäÇáåÖ=ÄäçÅâë=
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ìíáäáòÉÇ=ïÜÉå=àçÄ=Åê~ÑíáåÖK=qÜÉ=ëìÅÅÉëë=çÑ=~=àçÄ=Åê~ÑíÉê=ã~ó=ÇÉéÉåÇ=ä~êÖÉäó=çå=Üáë=çê=ÜÉê=~Äáäáíó=íç=
í~âÉ=~Çî~åí~ÖÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëçìêÅÉë=~í=Ü~åÇK=cçê=Éñ~ãéäÉI=ÅçåëáÇÉê=íÜÉ=~ÑçêÉãÉåíáçåÉÇ=êÉëí~ìê~åí=Åççâë=
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ãÉÇáìãI=âáíÅÜÉå=~ééäá~åÅÉë=Äó=ìëáåÖ=íÜÉã=íç=ÅêÉ~íÉ=~êíïçêâI=~åÇ=ÅìëíçãÉêë=Äó=îáÉïáåÖ=íÜÉã=~ë=
ÄÉåÉÑáÅá~êáÉë=çÑ=íÜÉáê=~êíïçêâK=cáÖìêÉ=O=ìëÉë=íÜÉ=ÄìáäÇáåÖ=ÄäçÅâë=~å~äçÖó=íç=ÇÉéáÅí=~=ÜóéçíÜÉíáÅ~ä=
Éñ~ãéäÉ=çÑ=Üçï=çåÉ=çÑ=íÜÉëÉ=Åççâë=êÉëçìêÅÉÑìääó=~åÇ=ÅêÉ~íáîÉäó=Åê~ÑíÉÇ=Üáë=àçÄK=^ÅÅçêÇáåÖ=íç=íÜÉ=
êÉëÉ~êÅÜ=ÇáëÅìëëÉÇ=~ÄçîÉI=êÉëçìêÅÉÑìääó=àçÄ=Åê~ÑíáåÖ=äáâÉ=íÜÉëÉ=Åççâë=ã~ó=ÜÉäé=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=ÖÉí=ãçêÉ=
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©2007 Regents of the University of Michigan Page 5 of 8

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Exposure to Resources:
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Cook’s Job Design Before Crafting
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Utilization of Resources:
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Important Takeaways:
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! _çíÜ=íÜÉ=Before= ~åÇ=After=àçÄ=ÇÉëáÖåë=ÉñéçëÉ=íÜÉ=Åççâë=íç=íÜÉ=ë~ãÉ=êÉëçìêÅÉëI=Äìí= íÜÉ=After=ÇÉëáÖå=áë=Åê~ÑíÉÇ=íç=ÄÉííÉê= ìíáäáòÉ=
~î~áä~ÄäÉ=êÉëçìêÅÉëK=
! qÜÉ=í~ëâë=~í=íÜÉ=Äçííçã=çÑ=íÜÉ=After=Çá~Öê~ã=~êÉ=éä~ÅÉÇ=íÜÉêÉ=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=íÜÉó=ëÉêîÉ=~ë=íÜÉ=ÑçìåÇ~íáçå=íÜ~í=ëìééçêíë=~åÇ=ëìëí~áåë=
íÜÉ=~Åíì~ä=ÅêÉ~íáçå=çÑ=Åìäáå~êó=~êíK=iáâÉïáëÉI=íÜÉ=åÉï=í~ëâ=çÑ=ÚëÉÉâáåÖ=ÑÉÉÇÄ~Åâ=Ñêçã=ÅìëíçãÉêëÛ=áë=çå=íçé=ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ=íÜÉ=ÄäçÅâë=
ÄÉåÉ~íÜ=áí=ÅêÉ~íÉ=~=ÅçåíÉñí=áå=ïÜáÅÜ=ÑÉÉÇÄ~Åâ=Ñêçã=ÅìëíçãÉêë=áë=ãçêÉ=ãÉ~åáåÖÑìäK=
! ^ää=íÜêÉÉ=Ñçêãë=çÑ=àçÄ=Åê~ÑíáåÖ=~êÉ=áääìëíê~íÉÇ=áå=íÜáë=Éñ~ãéäÉ=~åÇ=~êÉ=~ää=áåíÉêÅçååÉÅíÉÇ=~åÇ=ãìíì~ääó=êÉáåÑçêÅáåÖ=áå=~=î~êáÉíó=
çÑ= ï~óëK= cçê= áåëí~åÅÉI= íÜÉ= ÅçÖåáíáîÉ= êÉÑê~ãáåÖ= çÑ= ÅççâáåÖ= ~ë= ~å= ~êí= ÅÜ~åÖÉë= Üçï= íÜÉ= ~Åíì~ä= ÅççâáåÖ= ~åÇ= ÅäÉ~åáåÖ= áë=
éÉêÑçêãÉÇI=~äíÉêë= íÜÉ= ÅççâÛë= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë= ïáíÜ=ÅçJïçêâÉêëI=~åÇ=éêçîáÇÉë=ãçíáî~íáçå= Ñçê= ëÉÉâáåÖ= ÑÉÉÇÄ~Åâ= Ñêçã= ÅìëíçãÉêëK=
qÜÉëÉ=í~ëâ=~åÇ=êÉä~íáçå~ä= Åê~ÑíáåÖ= íÉÅÜåáèìÉë= ÅêÉ~íÉ= çééçêíìåáíáÉë=Ñçê= êÉáåÑçêÅáåÖ=íÜÉ=çêáÖáå~ä=ÅçÖåáíáîÉ= êÉÑê~ãáåÖK= få= íÜáë=
ï~óI=íÜÉ=íÜêÉÉ=Ñçêãë=ïçêâ=íçÖÉíÜÉê=íç=ÉåÖÉåÇÉê=íÜÉ=ÅççâÛë=åÉï=îáÉï=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëçÅá~ä=éìêéçëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=àçÄK==
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Page 6 of 8 ©2007 Regents of the University of Michigan

For Managers
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í~âáåÖ=çå=~ÇÇáíáçå~ä=í~ëâëI=~äíÉêáåÖ=íÜÉáê=áåíÉê~Åíáçåë=ïáíÜ=çíÜÉêëI=çê=îáÉïáåÖ=íÜÉáê=àçÄë=áå=~=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=
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páåÅÉ=íÜÉ=êÉëçìêÅÉÑìäåÉëë=áåîçäîÉÇ=áå=àçÄ=Åê~ÑíáåÖ=áë=ÇÉêáîÉÇ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=àçÄ=Åê~ÑíÉêë=íÜÉãëÉäîÉë=ê~íÜÉê=
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Åê~ÑíáåÖK=bãéäçóÉÉë=ã~ó=ÄÉ=äÉëë=êÉëçìêÅÉÑìä=àçÄ=Åê~ÑíÉêë=áÑ=íÜÉó=Çç=åçí=ÑÉÉä=íêìëíÉÇ=íç=ÅÜ~åÖÉ=íÜÉ=
ëí~íìë=èìçK=`çåîÉêëÉäóI=íêìëíáåÖ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=~åÇ=ã~å~ÖÉêë=ã~ó=ÜÉäé=ìåäçÅâ=
~åÇ=ÉîÉå=ëíáãìä~íÉ=éçëáíáîÉ=àçÄ=Åê~ÑíáåÖI=~ë=íêìëí=ã~ó=ÜÉäé=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=ÑÉÉä=ãçêÉ=ÅçãÑçêí~ÄäÉ=í~âáåÖ=
êáëâë=íÜ~í=ÅçìäÇ=éçíÉåíá~ääó=äÉ~Ç=íç=ÄÉåÉÑáÅá~ä=çìíÅçãÉëK
CONCLUSION
^=ÑÉï=î~äì~ÄäÉ=äÉëëçåë=Å~å=ÄÉ=Ö~áåÉÇ=Ñêçã=àçÄ=Åê~ÑíáåÖ=íÜÉçêóK=cáêëíI=ÇÉëáÖåáåÖ=àçÄë=áë=åçí=àìëí=~=íçéJ
Ççïå=éêçÅÉëëÔÉãéäçóÉÉë=Å~å=~åÇ=Çç=ÉñÉêÅáëÉ=~ÖÉåÅó=íç=êÉÇÉëáÖå=íÜÉáê=çïå=àçÄëK=pç=àçÄ=Åê~ÑíáåÖ=
ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ=~å=áåÑäìÉåíá~ä=Ñ~Åíçê=áå=Üçï=ÉãéäçóÉÉë=ÅçåÇìÅí=~åÇ=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=íÜÉáê=ïçêâK=
pÉÅçåÇI=àçÄ=Åê~ÑíáåÖ=Å~å=éêçÇìÅÉ=éçëáíáîÉ=çê=åÉÖ~íáîÉ=çìíÅçãÉë=Ñçê=áåÇáîáÇì~äë=~åÇ=çêÖ~åáò~íáçåë=
~äáâÉI=ïÜáÅÜ=éêÉëÉåíë=ã~å~ÖÉêë=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=ÅÜ~ääÉåÖÉ=çÑ=ÑçëíÉêáåÖ=ÄÉåÉÑáÅá~ä=Åê~ÑíáåÖ=ïÜáäÉ=~îçáÇáåÖ=
©2007 Regents of the University of Michigan Page 7 of 8

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Åê~ÑíÉêë=~êÉ=áå=ÉëëÉåÅÉ=ìíáäáòáåÖ=íÜÉáê=àçÄë=~ë=êÉëçìêÅÉë=íç=~ÅÜáÉîÉ=ÇÉëáê~ÄäÉ=çìíÅçãÉëX=ëç=ìåäçÅâáåÖ=
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NOTES
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Academy of Management Review, 26I=NTVJOMNK=
qÜÉ=Éñ~ãéäÉ=çÑ=êÉëí~ìê~åí=Åççâë=Åê~ÑíáåÖ=íÜÉáê=àçÄë=ï~ë=çêáÖáå~ääó=ÑêçãW=
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Science Quarterly, 41I=VMJNNRK=
cáåÉI=dK^K=ENVVSF=Kitchens: The culture of restaurant workK=_ÉêâÉäÉóW=råáîÉêëáíó=çÑ=`~äáÑçêåá~=mêÉëëK=
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EbÇëKFI=Handbook of Industrial/Organizational PsychologyK=m~äç=^äíçW=`çåëìäíáåÖ=mëóÅÜçäçÖáëíë=mêÉëëK=
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m~ìäÇáåÖI=qK=C=pï~óåÉI=gK=EOMMTFK=Crafting task significance in service work: Meaning-making through difference-making.=
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Page 8 of 8 ©2007 Regents of the University of Michigan