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Arecaceae: The Majestic Family of Palms

  • September 2014
Authors:
Basu Saikat
Basu Saikat
Basu Saikat
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Sengupta R
Sengupta R
Sengupta R
  • This person is not on ResearchGate, or hasn't claimed this research yet.
Peiman Zandi at Yibin University
Peiman Zandi
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Abstract and Figures

Arecaceae (Syn. Palmae) is a monocotyledonous plant family containing species of tropical climbers, shrubs and trees commonly known as Palm trees or simply Palms (Figs 1-3). The Arecaceae is a monotypic family in the order Arecales. The family contains several commercially important species such as coconuts, area nuts and date palms, as well as a large number of indoor and ornamental species. Palms are commonly cultivated and well known horticulturally across the planet.
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Arecaceae: The Majestic Family of Palms
Published: September 25, 2014, 11:35 am
Author: Saika t Basu
Author: Ratnabali Sengupta
Author: Peima n Zandi
Editoria l Revi ew: David Hassen zahl
Topics: Bio log y
Biodi versity
Botany
Arecacea e in Ca yo Sombre ro, Venezu ela (By Rj castillo (Own work) [CC -BY-SA-3.0
(http://creativecommo ns.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimed ia Com mons)
Arecaceae (Syn. Palmae) is a monocotyledonous plant family containing species of tropical climbers,
shrubs and trees commonly known as Palm trees or simply Palms (Figs 1-3). The Arecaceae is
a monotypic family in the order Arecales. The family contains several commercially important species such
as coconuts, area nuts and date palms, as well as a large number of indoor and ornamental species. Palms
are commonly cultivated and well known horticulturally across the planet.
Distribution
Palms are most conspicuous in coastal areas in tropical and sub-tropical ecological zones as well as in the
Logi n Not a Member?
Arabian deserts and throughout the continents of Africa, Latin America, South and South-East Asia,
Oceania and coastal US and adjoining island groups. Palms are also common in tropical evergreen forests
and in every available ecological habitat in the tropics and sub-tropics covering a widely diverse
geographic distribution. In the tropical forests several palms constitute the canopy while others serve as
under growing bushes and shrubs.
Tall canopy forming Palms are adopted as safe nesting sites by several species of birds and smaller
mammals for their huge arching foliage that provide shade and protection against the elements of nature
and due to their heights serve also excellent nesting sites against different predators. Nypa fruticans is the
only Palm species that is well adapted to the mangrove biome and is seen distributed in the coastal and
estuarine zones of India, Bangladesh and several Pacific island groups. Palms like coastal mangrove
species serve as important wind breaks and are essential for protecting the erosion and destruction of
coastal areas from the impact of sporadic cyclones and tornados. However, due to extensive and non-
judicious exploitation of several coastal species across the planet (particularly in the developing and under
developed countries) the coastal regions have become extremely vulnerable to coan disturbances and
global climate change.
Morphology
Palms are well known for their great heights, exclusive foliages, conspicuous inflorescences and big seeds.
Lodoicea maldivica is known for producing the largest seed in the entire plant kingdom. Palms are
predominantly perennial species and remaining green throughout the year. The inflorescence patterns of
Palms are noteworthy and show wide morphological and structural adaptations (Fig 4) necessary for their
successful evolution over a long geological past. They are characteristically branched, either racemose
panicles or often spadix-like spikes, enclosed and protected by one or more woody bracts (spathes).
Inflorescences usually occur either between the foliages or in some species beneath or above them; they
may be occurring either solitary or in multiple aggregation (Fig 4). Often the inflorescences is found to be
modified into an elongated organ, whip-like in appearance characterized by downward curving spines
(flagellum) enabling the plant to cling to nearby vegetation or available support and help in climbing.
Important Species
Some important species belonging to this majestic plant family include edible and commercially significant
members as well as ornamental and roadside as well as forest species: Areca Palm-Areca triandra, Royal
Palm-Roystonea regia; Foxtail Palm-Wodyetia bifurcata, Fishtail Palm-Caryota mitis; Edible Date
Palm-Phoenix dactilifera, Borassus flabellifer; Christmas Palm-Veitchia merillii, European Fan
Palm-Chamaerops humilis, Majestic Palm-Ravenea rivularis, Senegal Date Palm-Phoenix reclinata, Indian
Date Palm-Phoenix sylvestris, Bismarck Palm-Bismarckia nobilis; Queen Palm-Syagrus romanzoffiana,
Chinese Fan Palm-Livistona chinensis, Coconut Palm-Cocos nucifera, Sylvester Palm-Phoenix sylvestris;
Branched Palm-Hyphane indica; H. dichotoma etc.
Different ornamental species of palms from West Asia, South and South east Asia are presented in Fig 5.
The members of the family Arecaceae is presented in Table 1.
Table 1. Members of the Arecaceae family
Scientific & English name Origin Plant use Ref.
Acoelorrhaphe wrightii (Griseb. &
H. Wendl.) H. Wendl. ex Becc →
Everglades palm
Central America Ornamental tree USDA,2014
Acrocomia vinifera Oersted →
Coyol palm
South America Ornamental tree USDA,2014
Aiphanes caryotifolia (Kunth) H.A.
Wendl. → Coyure palm
South America Ornamental tree USDA,2014
Archontophoenix alexandrae (F.
Muell.) H. Wendl. & Drude → King
Alexander palm
North-east Australia Ornamental tree USDA,2014
Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc.→ Jelly
palm
Argentina, Brazil,
Uruguay
Ornamental tree, fruit USDA,2014
Calyptronoma rivalis (O.F. Cook)
L.H. Bailey→ Manac palm
Puerto Rico, Haiti,
Dominican Republic
Ornamental tree USDA,2014
Caryota urens L.→ Toddy palm Indian sub continental,
South east Asia
Ornamental tree USDA,2014
Chamaedorea elegans Mart.→
Parlour palm
Belize , Mexico,
Guatemala
Ornamental tree USDA,2014
Coccothrinax barbadensis (Lodd.
ex Mart.) Becc.→ Thatch palm
Venezuela , Caribbean
islands
Ornamental tree USDA,2014
Cocos nucifera L. → Coconut palm Tropical and subtropical
area
Ornamental tree, oil, milk,
fruit
USDA,2014
Dypsis lutescens (H. Wendl.)
Beentje & Dransf.→ Butterfly palm
Madagascar Ornamental tree USDA,2014
Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortes →
American oil palm
South and Central
America
Ornamental tree, palm oil USDA,2014
Gaussia attenuata (O.F. Cook)
Becc.→ llume palm
Puerto Rico, Dominican
Republic
Ornamental tree USDA,2014
Livistona rotundifolia (Lam.)
Mart.→ Serdang palm
Sri Lanka, tropical Asia Ornamental tree USDA,2014
Phoenix dactylifera→ Date palm Persian gulf region (Iran,
Iraq, Saudi Arabia)
Fruit, juice Elshibli
(2009)
Phoenix reclinata Jacq.→ Senegal
date palm
Tropical Africa Ornamental tree, fruit, palm
heart as vegetable, palm
wine from its sap
USDA,2014
Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb.→
Sugar Date Palm
Iran, India, Pakistan,
Nepal, Bhutan, Burma
and Bangladesh
Ornamental tree, fruit, sap,
palm heart as vegetable
USDA,2014
Prestoea acuminata (Willd.) H.E.
Moore → Sierran palm
Puerto Rico Ornamental tree, fruits feed
by parrots
USDA,2014
Pritchardia affinis Becc.→ Kona
palm
Hawaiian Islands Ornamental tree, seeds
were eaten by ancient tribes
USDA,2014
Pritchardia glabrata Becc. &
Rock→ Hawaiian fan palm
Maui island in Hawaii Ornamental tree USDA,2014
Pritchardia hillebrandii (Kuntze)
Becc.→ Loulu palm
United states, tropical
Pacific Islands
Ornamental tree USDA,2014
Pritchardia limahuliensis H. St.
John→ Limahuli Valley pritchardia
Hawaii (United states) Ornamental tree USDA,2014
Pritchardia munroi Rock→ Kamalo
Pritchardia
Hawaii (United states) Ornamental tree USDA,2014
Pritchardia perlmanii C.E.
Gemmill→ Wai'Oli Valley
Pritchardia
Hawaii (United states) Ornamental tree USDA,2014
Pritchardia waialealeana Read→
Poleline pritchardia
Hawaii (United states) Ornamental tree USDA,2014
Pseudophoenix sargentii H.
Wendl. ex Sarg.→ Florida cherry
palm
United states, Belize,
Cuba, Bahamas
Ornamental tree USDA,2014
Ptychosperma elegans (R. Br.)
Blume→ Solitaire palm
Northeastern Australia Ornamental tree USDA,2014
Ptychosperma macarthuri (H.
Wendl. ex hort.) G. Nicholson→
Macarthur feather palm
United states of America Ornamental tree USDA,2014
Rhapidophyllum hystrix (Pursh) H.
Wendl. & Drude ex Drude→
Needle palm
North America Ornamental tree USDA,2014
Roystonea borinquena O.F.
Cook→ Royal palm
Hispaniola(Puerto Rico),
Virgin Islands.
Ornamental tree, fruits used
to feed pigs
USDA,2014
Sabal mexicana Mart.→ Texas
Sabal Palm
North America Ornamental tree, the palm
hearts and drupes are eaten
USDA,2014
Sabal minor (Jacq.) Pers.→ Dwarf
Palmetto
Southern USA Ornamental tree USDA,2014
Serenoa repens (W. Bartram)
Small→ Saw palmetto
United states of America Ornamental tree USDA,2014
Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.)
Glassman→ Queen palm
Brazil Ornamental tree USDA,2014
Thrinax radiata Lodd. ex Schult. &
Schult. f.→ Florida Thatch Palm
South and central
America
Ornamental tree USDA,2014
Washingtonia filifera (Linden ex
André) H. Wendl.→ American
cotton palm ,desert fan
Southwestern North
America
Ornamental tree USDA,2014
Washingtonia robusta H. Wendl.→
Mexican Fan Palm
Mexico Ornamental tree USDA,2014
References and Further Reading
Elshibli S (2009) Genetic Diversity and Adaptation of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)PhD dissertation,
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. http://hdl.handle.net/10138/20761
USDA (2014) Classification for Kingdom Plantae Down to Family Solanaceae. United States Department of
Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Available at:
https://plants.usda.gov/java/ClassificationServlet?source=profile&symbol=Solanaceae&display=63
[Accessed on 8th July, 2014]
Moore Jr., H.E. New Genera and Species of Palmae from New Caledonia. L.H. Bailey Horatorium
http://cybertaxonomy.eu/media/palmae/protologe/palm_tc_38309_P.pdf
List of Arecaceae genera. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Arecaceae_genera
Kahn, F. and E.J.L. Ferreira (1995) A new species of Astrpocarryum (Palmae) from Acre, Brazil. Candollea
50: 321-328. http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_6/b_fdi_43-
44/010004024.pdf
Tropical nature: Palms. JungleView- Stock Photography of Jacques Jangoux.
http://jangoux.photoshelter.com/gallery/Palms-Family-Arecaceae-or-Palmae/G0000s7cgeOtYkCI/
Henderson, A. (1986) A review of pollination studies in the Palmae. The Botanical Review 52:221-
259. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02860996
Bozbuga, R. and A. Hazir (2008) Pests of the palm (Palmae sp.) and date palm (Phoenix dactylifera)
determined in Turkey and evaluation of red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier)
(Coleoptera:Curculionidae). EPPO Bulletin 38:127-130. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-
2338.2008.01197.x/abstract
Hahn, W.J. (2002) A Molecular Phylogenetic Study of the Palmae (Araecacae) Based on atpB, rbcL, and
18S nrDNA Sequences. Systematic Biology 51:92-
112. http://sysbio.oxfordjournals.org/content/51/1/92.full.pdf
Henderson, A. J. (2004) A Multivariate Analysis of Hyosphathe (Palmae). American Journal of Botany
91:953-965. http://www.amjbot.org/content/91/6/953.short
Araceae (Palmae) http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/arec.htm
Araceae (Palmae) http://www.dipbot.unict.it/palms/Arec_fam.html
Kahn, F. amd B. Milan. (1992) Astrpcaryum (Palmae) in Amazonia A preliminary treatment.
http://www.ifeanet.org/publicaciones/boletines/21%282%29/459.pdf
Uhl, N.W. (1972) Inflorescence and flower structure in Nypa fruticans. American Journal of Botany 59:729-
743. http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2441145?
uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=21104545599833
Yanase, H., S. Sata, K. Yamamoto, S. Matsuda, S. Yamamoto, and K. Okamoto. (2007) 73:2592-
2599. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1855588/
Hedstrom, I. (1986) Pollen carriers of Cocos nucifera L. (Palmae) in Costa Rica and Ecuador (Neotropical
region). Revista de Biological Tropical 34: 297-301. http://www.ots.ac.cr/rbt/attachments/volumes/vol34-
2/22_Hedstrom_Pollen_carriers.pdf
Lethal yellowing of coconut (Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae) Plantwise Knowledge Bank.
http://www.plantwise.org/KnowledgeBank/Datasheet.aspx?dsid=38647
Koseck, P.R., D. S. Alviano, C.S. Alviano, and C.R. Gattass. (2007) The husk fiber of Cocos nucifera L.
(Palmae) is a source of anti-neoplastic activity. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research (2007)
40: 1339-1343. http://www.scielo.br/pdf/bjmbr/v40n10/6669.pdf
Mahabale, T.S. (1967) Pollen grains in Palmae. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 4:299-
304. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0034666767901996
Galetti, M. and P.R. Guimaraes Jr. (2004) Seed dispersal of Attalea Phalerata (Palmae) by Crested
Caracaras (Caracara Plancus) in the Pantanal and a review of frugivory by raptors. Ararajuba 12:133-
135. http://www4.museu-goeldi.br/revistabrornito/revista/index.php/BJO/article/viewFile/2607/pdf_298
Araceae (Palmae) (palm family) Arizona-Sonora Desert
Museum. https://www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_aracaceae_new.php
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... Numerous biochemical and anticancer effects are also present in many of the plants in this family. The palm trees of this family are primarily found in coastal areas in the tropics and subtropics, as well as in the Arabian Desert (Basu et al., 2014). This family includes great diversities of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, sterols, triterpenes, glyceryl derivatives,...etc and biological activities as antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, cardioprotective, cytotoxic,...etc (Mohammed et al., 2022). ...
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Stingless bees are effective pollinators of native tropical flora. Their environmental service maintains flow of pollen through pollination, increase reproductive success and influence genetic structure in plants. The management of stingless bees "meliponiculture", is an activity limited to the countryside in Ecuador. The lack of knowledge of their managers about pollen resources can affect the correct maintenance/production of nests. The objective is to identify botanical families and genera of pollen grains collected by stingless bees by morphological features and differentiate potential species using geometric morphometry. Thirty-six pot pollen samples were collected from three Ecuadorian provinces located in two climatically different zones. Pollen type identification was based on the Number, Position, Character system. Using morphological features, the families and genera were established. Morphometry landmarks were used to show variation for species differentiation. Abundance , diversity, similarity and dominance indices were established by counting pollen grains, as well as spatial distribution relationships by means of Poisson regression. Forty-six pollen types were determined in two study areas, classified into 27 families and 18 gen-era. In addition, it was possible to identify more than one species, classified within the same family and genus, thanks to morphometric analysis. 1148 ± 799 (max 4211; min 29) pollen grains were counting in average. The diversity showed a high richness, low dominance and similarity between pollen resources. Families Melastomataceae and Asteraceae, genera PLOS ONE
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BOTANICAL STUDY AND FATTY ACIDS CHARACTERIZATION OF THE LEAVES OF DYPSIS PEMBANA (H.E. MOORE) BEENTJE &J. DRANSF. FAMILY ARECACEAE CULTIVATED IN EGYPT
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The Arecaceae family contains wide classes of phytoconstituents and possesses wide range of pharmacological Activities members of this family are used in folk medicine for treatment of several diseases. Dypsis pembana (H.E.Moore) Beentje& J. Dransf. is a palm tree growing in Tanzania belongs to family Arecaceae. In this study, a detailed macromorphological characters of stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit in addition to micromorphological characters of the leaves of Dypsis pembana Family Arecaceae cultivated in Egypt were studied for the identification of the plant in both entire and powdered form, in addition to characterization of fatty acids of the leaves by GC-MS analysis. Thorough analysis of the chromatogram of the n-hexane fraction and careful matching examination of the acquired spectra resulted in identification of 12 phytochemicals and revealed the presence of saturated fatty acids mainly as Palmitic acid methyl ester, Lauric acid methyl ester, Methyl tetradecanoate, Methyl stearate , Margaric acid methyl ester, Eicosanoic acid methyl ester and Capric acid methyl ester and polyunsaturated fatty acids mainly as Linolenic acid methyl ester and Linoleic acid methyl ester in addition to other phytochemicals as 2,2-Dimethylocta-3,4-dienal , 3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,4- dodecadiene and 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol.
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Bio-Fabrication, Spectroscopic Investigation and Antibacterial Potency of Ag-Co Bimetallic Nanoparticles Synthesized from the Root Extract of Borassus aethiopum (Palmyra Palm)
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  • Dec 2020
In this study, silver-cobalt bimetallic hybrid nanoparticles were synthesized using green method from AgNO3 and CoCl2 metal precursors as well as the locally available root extract of Borassus aethiopum acting as the reducing agent. The formation of bimetallic nanoparticles was first noticed by a color change of the reaction mixture from light pink to light brown as the result of Surface Plasmon absorptions. The optical measurements using UV-Vis showed the maximum absorption wavelength at 420nm while the functional group identification using FT-IR revealed some replacements in the absorption of functional groups, disappearance, and appearance of some others in the spectra of the BMNPs relative to that of the root extract indicating that those involved in the bio-reduction process. In vitro antibacterial potency was investigated against five clinically isolated bacteria. The outcome of the result suggested that they inhibit the tested bacteria especially against Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Thus, it can be developed as a bio-control agent for the treatment of diseases caused by these bacterial pathogens.
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Seed dispersal of Attalea phalerata (Palmae) by Crested Caracaras (Caracara plancus) in the Pantanal and a review of frugivory by raptors
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  • Dec 2004
We observed Crested caracaras (Caracara plancus) consuming and dispersing fruits of the palm Attalea phalerata at Pantanal, Brazil. We reviewed the literature of seed dispersal by raptors and suggest that raptors may affect seed dispersal by three different paths: secondary seed dispersal by preying on frugivorous birds, primary seed dispersal of ornithocoric fruits and primary seed dispersal of large, lipid-rich fruits. The latter path may be an important long-distance seed dispersal mechanism for large seeds.
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A Molecular Phylogenetic Study of the Palmae (Arecaceae) Based on atp B, rbc L, and 18S nrDNA Sequences
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  • Mar 2002
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The husk fiber of Cocos nucifera L. (Palmae) is a source of anti-neoplastic activity
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  • Nov 2007
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Pollen grains in Palmae
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The paper gives an account of Palmae pollen grains, which usually have a smooth sporoderm but rarely are spiny or warty. The sporoderm is spiny in the Pandanaceae and smooth in the Sparganiceae, families closely related to the Palmae. The classification of the Palmae into subfamilies as given by Drude (1889) and Moore (1960) has been taken as standard, and the characteristics of pollen grains in various genera belonging to these have been compared. Apart from shape, size, polysporic or unisporic nature of the pollen grains, single double nuclei at the time of shedding, it is thought that more reliable characteristics for classification and phylogeny are the number and nature of the colpi. There is a strong correlation in the primitive nature of monocolpate pollen grains among many species of Cocos, but not in all species believed to belong to that genus. For example, C. schizophylla has a triradiating colpus, considered to be primitive. This agrees with the view expressed by Beccari (1917) and Beccari and Pichi-Sermolli (1956) regarding the redistribution of species of this genus. That Nipa is a distinct, isolated member of the Palmae is supported by its non-colpate pollen grains. In the closely related tropical palm, Phytelephas macrocarpa, pollen grains are monocolpate. These two members thus seem to be unrelated, a conclusion further supported by morphology, anatomy, and embryology. Palynologically and anatomically, Nipa shows affinities with the related families Pandanaceae, Aroideae, and Cyclanthaceae.
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Pests of the palm (Palmae sp.) and date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) determined in Turkey and evaluation of red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier) (Coleoptera:Curculionidae)
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  • Apr 2008
This paper covers the palm (Palmae sp.) and date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) pests which were determined by studies conducted in Turkey between 1941 and 2006. In total 15 species have been found to date: 1 belonging to Coccidae, 9 to Diaspididae, 1 to Margarodidae and 2 to Pseudococcidae families of the order Homoptera and 1 species to Scarabaeidae and 1 to Curculionidae families of the order Coleoptera. Among these pests, red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier) has caused a great deal of damage in recent years.
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A Review of Pollination Studies in the Palmae
Article
  • Jul 1986
A review is given of the literature concerning palm pollination. Results of this review indicate great diversity in pollination, but three basic syndromes are common in the family, cantharophily, mellitophily, and myophily. Anemophily appears uncommon and derived. Evidence of a close association between certain beetles and palms may be indicative of ancestral cantharophily. Se presenta una revisión bibliográfica sobre la biología de la polinización de las palmas. Los resultados indican que hay una gran diversidad en cuanto a los modos de polinización, pero tres de ellos dominan, cantarófila, melitófila, y miófila. La amenófila parece escasa y derivada. La asociación íntima entre ciertos coleópteros y palmas surgiere que la polinización cantarófila es ancestral.
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A multivariate analysis of Hyospathe (Palmae)
Article
  • Jun 2004
Previous systematic treatments of the neotropical palm genus Hyospathe have recognized from two to 18 species. An explicit, quantitative, repeatable sequence of operations for delimiting and testing groups of specimens and applying species concepts is carried out. Multivariate statistical analysis of morphological data is used to delimit and test groups of specimens. Cluster analysis is used to distinguish between characters and traits. Analysis of qualitative and quantitative characters reveals six groups of specimens, and the Phylogenetic Species Concept is applied to these groups. Two species, H. peruviana Henderson and H. frontinensis Henderson, are described as new. One of the specimen groups is large and widespread, and six geographically separate subgroups can be recognized within it. These subgroups can be distinguished by one or more significantly different quantitative characters. A Phylogenetic Subspecies Concept is applied to these subgroups. Three subspecies, H. elegans subsp. costaricensis Henderson, H. elegans subsp. sanblasensis Henderson, and H. elegans subsp. tacarcunensis Henderson are described as new, and two new combinations are made: H. elegans subsp. sodiroi (Dammer ex Burret) Henderson and H. elegans subsp. concinna (H. E. Moore) Henderson. One subspecies occurring in the Amazon region is complex morphologically and is not resolved by the methods used here.
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Astrocaryum (Palmae) in Amazonia–A preliminary treatment
Article
  • Jan 1992
ASTROCARYUM (PALMAE) EN AMAZONIE. TRAITEMENT PRÉLIMINAIRE. Le genre Astrocaryum est composé de 24 espèces amazoniennes: cinq appartiennent au sous-genre Pleiogynanthus et 19 au sous-genre Monogynanthus (3 à la section Munbaca et 16 à la section Ayri). Une clé d’identification est proposée, ainsi que la description de chaque espèce, complétée par de nouvelles observations et suivie de notes sur la distribution géographique, l’écologie et les utilisations. Six espeses nouvelles sont décrites. ASTROCARYUM (PALMAE) EN LA AMAZONIA. TRATAMIENTO PRELIMINAR. Astrocaryum consta de 24 especies amazónicas, 5 de las cuales pertenecen al subgénero Pleiogynanthus y 19 al subgénero Monogynanthus (3 a la sección Munbaca, 16 a la sección Ayri). Se presenta una clave para diferenciar las especies, y para cada una, su descripción con nuevos datos, así como notas sobre la distribución geográfica, la ecología y los usos. Se describen seis especies nuevas. In the Amazon, Astrocaryum includes 24 species of which five belong to the subgenus Pleiogynanthus and 19 to the subgenus Monogynanthus - three in the section Munbaca and 16 in the section Ayri. A key to these 24 species is presented followed by description based on new data, and notes on their distribution, ecology and uses. Six new species are described.
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