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Urban planning and design methods for sustainable development
Fareea Shahreen, Angioletta Voghera
Politecnico di Torino, Italy
Urban planning and design for sustainable development is the process of shaping the physical setting for
life to deal with the three-dimensional spaces in cities, towns and villages which concerns the environ-
mental, social and economical factors. In contemporary context many cities and urban residents will be
directly affected by many of the impacts of environmental changes, which include increased intensity and
frequency of extreme weather events, heat waves, flooding from sea-level rise, water shortages and other
effects. On the other side, in the big cities of Europe, migration is increasing greatly for the need of work,
study purpose, treatment facility and the result is economical crisis, urban sprawl, high density, transport
problem, increase energy use and pollution. e sustainable debate was not only dominated by environ-
mental issues and economic concerns, but also included the social issues. Social sustainability refers to the
personal and societal assets, rules and processes, physical boundaries of places etc. For concern of these
themes, the argument of the paper is ‘what are planners methods in the urban planning and design for
sustainable develpoment ?’. e objectives are: (1) analysis of the sustainable changes in urban areas (2)
analysis of the methods for urban planning and design in the context of these changes. is paper develops
arguments in two phases. Firstly we analyze sustainable changes from urban planning and designing view-
points. Secondly, we analyze different phases of urban development such as data analysis, site survey, initial
concept develop, design development and constructions phase. After analyzing different phases of urban
developments, we propose methods that will guide to develop urban projects, concerns with current urban
changes, the environment-economic-social structure of an area. e method would set within a theoreti-
cal framework. If we did not concern about urban planning and design for these sustainable development
then planners practice doesn’t relate to the practical situations. For achieving a successful urban planning
and design, we have to emphasis on the sustainable development of well–functioning environments.
Keywords: development, methods, sustainable, urban planning, urban design
1. Introduction:
Urban design is the process of shaping the physical setting for life to deal with the three-
dimensional space in cities, towns and villages, and its objective relies in accordance with the
vision of the future that they represent. Urban design involves coordinated and self-conscious
actions in designing new cities and other human settlements or redesigning existing ones and/or
their precincts in response to the needs of their inhabitants (Jon Lang, 2005).It is founded upon
the social, environmental, political, aesthetic and economic importance of design in the public
realm, serving the public interest and to provide opportunities and cultural dimensions. It
focuses on the intersections between architecture, landscape design and planning. Urban design
is related to urban planning, but it focuses more on the physical design of places and deals the
more fine-tuned scale and more detail design approaches.
Urban planning is concerned with conceptual, scientific, and design approaches of land use
planning (J.E. Rodiek, 2008). e simplest definition of urban planning is that it is the
organization of all elements of a city/town planning or other urban environment, using different
tools (land use plan, the operational plan or strategic plan, structural plan all are the parts of
urban planning). e land use plan is identified two major ways in which a municipality may
shape its pattern of land use – by zoning and regulations. Zoning regulations are usually passed
by local authorities. Zoning regulates should decide the use of land in areas for residential,
commercial, industrial, agricultural or other land use. In the same way, the structure plan is a
high-level plan that shows the arrangement of land-use types and identifies public infrastructure,
such as streets, schools, rail, reservoirs and natural features. e strategy plan is a policy
document that describes in words and images a vision for developing a neighborhood, town, city
or region. e operational plan is the implementation planning system purpose and general
statement of program actions regarding ordinances, planning process and plan or
implementation revisions and changes.
In urban planning and design for sustainability is an important issue in the 21st Century.
Better urban planning and design of cities is a closely related challenge for sustainable
development. is includes not just the design of public spaces, streets, neighborhood and
homes, but the configuration of and greenway systems, regions growth patterns, transportation
network, water and sewerage systems and even industrial process. Design systems requires
thinking about how they relate to all other elements of a given community, combining physical
planning(related to land use, infrastructure and the design of places) with public policy
frameworks(includes tax regulation and economic incentives) that can support such changes.
e paper is analysis the contemporary changes and problems arise in urban area and propose
the urban planning and design methods for sustainable urban built project development. e
main theme of the paper is to find out the urban planning and design methods for sustainable
development.
2. Purpose of the methods:
In contemporary context many cities and urban residents will be directly affected by many of the
impacts of environmental changes, which include increased intensity and frequency of extreme
weather events, heat waves, flooding from sea-level rise, water shortages and other effects. On
the other side, in the big cities of Europe, migration is increasing greatly for the need of work,
study purpose, treatment facility. e result is in territorial sectors are the various demands for
land in and around cities are becoming increasingly acute. e rapid, visible and conflicting
changes in land use which are shaping landscapes in cities and around them as never before. is
expansion is occurring in a scattered way throughout Europe's countryside (urban sprawl) and
high density in inner side of cities. Also the transport problem, increase energy use and
pollution. e sustainability debate was not only dominated by environmental issues and
economic concerns, but also included the social issues. Social sustainability refers to the
personal and societal assets, rules and processes, physical boundaries of places etc. In the
perspective of urban project functions are not always well balance, that’s why it creates higher
density cities.
e writing of design theorists implies that the traditional methods are simple for the growing
complexity of the world. For concern of these themes, the argument of the paper is “what are the
planners’ methods in the urban planning and design for sustainable development?”. e paper
explores ways in which urban planning and design method can be adapted to achieve measuring
and evaluating large-scale urban projects in terms of the contribution for sustainable
development.
e objectives are:
(1) Analysis of the sustainable changes in urban areas
(2) Proposed methods for urban planning and design in the context of these changes,
which are adapt by the review of many urban planner , theoretical policies, professional
experience and personal experience from professional practice.
3. Sustainability-definition
e concept of sustainability has been introduced to combine concern for the well-being of the
planet with continuous growth and human development. ough there is much debate as to
what the word actually suggests, we can view the definition offered by the World Commission on
Environment and Development: "Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs."
In its original context, this definition was stated solely from the human point of view. In order to
include the idea of essential value, the meaning must be expanded to allow all parts of nature to
meet their own needs - now and in the future. Designing for sustainable development requires
awareness of the full short and long-term consequences of any transformation of the
environment, social and economy. Finally we find the, urban planning and design for
sustainability is the process of shaping the physical setting for life to deal with the three-
dimensional spaces in cities, towns and villages which concerns the environmental, social and
economical factors. In cities it is also important for landscape. Landscape planning prescribes
alternative spatial configurations of land uses, which is widely understood as a key factor in
planning for sustainability (Ahern, 2005).
3.1. Environmental sustainability: e average global temperatures rose by modest but
significant amounts during the twentieth century; such changes are small by comparison with
some of the very warring future scenarios. e 1990s was the warmest decade on record (since
the 1860s, when full records began). In the last 30 years there has also been a reduction in snow
and ice cover in the Northern Hemisphere of about 10 percent and a retreat of mountain glaciers
in non-polar regions over the last 100 years. Also the average sea level rose by between 0.1 and
0.2 meters and rainfall increased over continental northern latitudes during the twentieth
century, with a decrease in rainfall for sub tropical zone. Over mid- to high latitudes of the
Northern Hemisphere in the second half of the last century there was a significant increase of
cloud cover and heavy rainfall event. In cities, these impacts will negatively impact water,
sewage, and energy distribution and transportation systems. ey will damage buildings, urban
trees and green spaces. ey will increase illness and deaths in vulnerable populations.
(Reference: Adrian Pitts, Planning and design strategies for Sustainability and profit, page-13,
2004). Our territorial planning, landscape and infrastructure are not designed for the new
climate. Several features of modern cities interact with the changing climate to exacerbate the
risks and increase vulnerability to climate change. ese include:
Asphalt, concrete and other hard surfaces in the city absorb radiation from the sun, causing the
urban heat island effect, which exacerbates heat waves and puts pressure on electricity
generation and distribution systems.
Hard surfaces also prevent absorption of rainfall, creating runoff that carries pollution to lakes
and streams and can overwhelm storm water systems, leading to sewer backups and flooding
during heavy precipitation events.
Combined sewers that carry both storm water and sewage are common in many city centers.
Protracted or intense precipitation leads to overflows in these sewer systems, washing
untreated pollutants into local water bodies.
e concentration of people in urban centers puts pressure on vegetation and green spaces that
could reduce heat, storm water runoff, pollution and social pressures.
Far-flung supply lines combined with just-in-time shipping practices can result in shortages of
needed goods when transportation is disrupted by extreme weather.
Centralized power sources, longer distribution lines, and an increasingly interconnected grid
increases vulnerability to blackouts when electricity demands are high – during heat waves, for
example – and when storms occur. e impact of blackouts has also grown as homes and
businesses have become more dependent on electronic control and communication systems.
e concentration of people in large cities creates a large demand for water and can strain
local water supplies, making them more susceptible to water shortages in drought conditions.
Urban sprawl and competition for building sites has led to construction in locations such as
floodplains or steep slopes that are vulnerable to extreme weather.
Low-income city dwellers in substandard and poorly insulated buildings that increase the risks
from heat waves and other extreme weather. Homeless people have almost no protection from
these events. (Jennifer Penney, Ireen Wieditz,2007)
It is essential for future development; a clear relationship is established between urban design
and local climate at macro/regional level as well as at the local micro-climatic level. On the basis
of understanding the climate change to improve the design processes the planner use proper
materials, skill, technologies and tools. In urban design the issues concerns are:
•Site layout, exposure and orientation.
•Form size and layout of new structure and open spaces.
•Relationship and effect on surrounding building, open space, topography and landscape.
•Use of passive and active design features matched to the climate.
•Choice the use of material, construction, service system.
3.2. Economical sustainability: During the last decades, the cities are accelerated extremely.
Urban areas rather than states are the nexus of the movement of people, ideas, investment,
communications and technology. Migration and its repercussions is an important element in
cities. Migration is targeted to cities rather than countries. In the cities of Europe, migration is
increasing greatly for the need of work, study purpose, treatment facility and the result is
economical crisis, urban sprawl, high density, transport problem, increase energy use and
pollution. Urban mixed use function projects improves access to employment, and enhances job
opportunities.
e policy questions raised by this trend of economical sustainability are regarded as critical to
the future well-being of our societies. When start an urban projects it is essential that create
design according to budget. Cost estimation is the practical sector for develop an urban project.
rough financial outline a project is decided that how much it could be proceed, decide labor
cost, material cost, construction cost and so on. With out a cost calculation a project cannot run.
Developers also try to find their job and analysis the market value for a project. Good urban
design can sometimes cost more upfront, but it also offers significant benefits to the community.
Benefits may spill over to a whole city, and this matters increasingly in an age in which the
quality of an urban area is an important part of its comparative advantage. Well-designed urban
areas have greater potential to be focal points for interaction, enterprise and innovation.
3.3. Social sustainability: Social sustainability refers to the personal and societal assets, rules
and processes that empower individuals and communities to participate in the long term and fair
achievement of adequate and economically achievable standards of life based on self-expressed
needs. At a more practical level, social sustainability stems from improvements in thematic areas
of the social realm of individuals and societies, ranging from capacity building and skills
development to environmental and spatial inequalities. Sustainable communities are places
where people want to live and work, now and in the future. ey meet the diverse needs of
existing and future residents, are sensitive to their environment, and contribute to a high quality
of life. ey are safe and inclusive, well planned, built and run, and offer equality of opportunity
and good services for all.
Most of the work has focused on the ‘compact city’ versus ‘urban sprawl’ debate. Several studies
claim that higher density of compact cities can enhance public transport systems, improve access
to facilities and services and reduce social segregation (Burton, 2000). Compact cities may also
entail shorter travel to work and fewer car journeys, which in turn reduce pollution, congestion
and noise levels. From a sociological perspective, density is also able to impact on social
interactions amongst city dwellers with uncertain results on the social sustainability of urban
areas. Some authors argue that higher density can facilitate social interactions (Talen, 1999)
whilst others contend that social ties and the sense of community may lower in high density
areas (Freeman, 2001).
4. What is an Urban design methods?
Definition of method includes a number of key words such as procedure, systematic or orderly
arrangement together with the idea of a clearly defined goal as an end product. e Pocket
Oxford Dictionary described the definition of method as, ‘way of doing something, systematic
procedure’. e online dictionary Die.net defines methods as, ‘a way of doing something,
especially a systematic one; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)’. Urban
design method is an iterative process, cyclical in nature, use for procedures, achieve objective
and implementation of plan.
Urban projects methods is a way that it guide a project – how to deal. When a project start the
methods has guide a designer how to start a project, how to fix a goal, analysis and develop
concepts for a particular project. en the next step of planner is to draw the project, evaluate
the drawing and talk with client. Sometimes conflict in designer with client, design with budget,
people interest, political situations, etc. en reviews the plans many times before
implementation and when the project is start to imply in a site. May be the plan was change in
future, but the planner had carry on the project in that way.
4.2 Urban design methods for sustainability:
In this paper we had discussed the urban built project sustainable development methods on the
cities, fringes areas and neighborhoods. Because now-a-days urban projects of cities faces these
sustainable changes rather than the villages. Urban design develop methods is indicate that type
of development which doesn’t damage the physical environment and which contributes to the
city’s ability to sustain its social and economic structures. erefore the aim of the paper to
establish a methods through some urban planners practical methods, authors review and our
personal experience. e methods are develop by some stapes, in the following we discuss about
the details of these steps:
4.2.1. Step-1: Objective:
Urban design is the visual motif of the city, or a particular part of the city, to achieve a high
quality of life for the public. Livability is the goal of urban design. e goal and objective of urban
design are social progress that recognizes the need of everyone, facilitating the restructuring and
enhancement of the local economy, prudent use of natural resources and protection of the
environment, increase the facilities, development the built structure in urban area. It also
includes objectives and character of the area, continuity and enclosure, quality of the public
realm, ease of movement, legibility, adaptability, diversity.
Urban planning and design for sustainable development basic objective is that, to deal with
needs for present situation also compromise the future changes and needs. Development should
not be confused with growth. ink about what planner want to achieve, the urban environment
we are working with, and the community that lives there. e urban projects for sustainability
had four objectives. ese are:
-e urban projects are functionally well adjusted with the local environment.
-It also structurally sounds that for safety and future extension or modification.
-e project development policy always concern with the sustainable changes.
-Concern for public interest
-e project should have aesthetic quality.
From the starting of an urban design, some basic things need to introduce such as project
programmes or schedule of uses and building floor space for a specific site. e ideal situation
for the planner and the developer is to control design development that is already design and
planning guidance available for a given site. is advice appears in a number of different places:
it can be found in the local plan or in the master plan which may also include planning briefs,
design briefs, planning frameworks, specific site guidance (topography, zoning, infrastructures,
and community facilities), city centre action plans, planning act etc. When producing site
development guidance a realistic look is important, for example the designer need to have a solid
idea of the cost of achieving development and the land value. e title of the project is important
as it gives clear ideas about the design requirements for any given site. ese whole negotiation
development control process was done between the developer and local authority.
4.2.2. Step -2:Survey:
It is essential to understand and examine the site properly. ere are three main aspects of city
analysis. e first concern is the legibility of the urban structure, that is, the way in which people
perceive, understand and react to the environment. It concerns those qualities of a place which
give it an immediate identity, one which is quickly perceived or grasped by its users to identify
the important public and religious buildings, land mark, district. e second aspect of townscape
analysis concerns the permeability of the environment, that is, the choice it presents to the user
(like street, paths, edges, and parks, square). e third aspect, the visual analysis includes studies
of urban space, the treatment of facades, pavement, roofline, street sculpture and an analysis of
the complexity of visual detail which distinguishes one place from another.
For the sustainable changes we understand, “what urban environment we will work with?” and
survey the size and characteristics of the urban environment. e surveys for sustainable
changes are:
Understanding Place - Sustainable design development begins with an intimate
understanding of place. If we are sensitive to the nuances of place, we can inhabit without
destroying it. Understanding place helps determine design practices such as solar orientation
of a building on the site, preservation of the natural environment, etc.
Connecting with Nature - Whether the design site is a building in the inner city or in a more
natural setting, connecting with nature brings the designed environment back to life.
Effective design helps inform us of our place within nature.
Understanding Natural Processes - In nature there is not waste. e byproduct of one
organism becomes the food for another. In other words, natural systems are made of closed
loops. By working with living processes, we respect the needs of all species. Engaging
processes that regenerate rather than deplete, we become more alive. Making natural cycles
and processes visible bring the designed environment back to life.
Understanding Environmental, social and economical Impact - e design attempts to have
an understanding of the sustainable impact of the design by evaluating the site, the embodied
energy and toxicity of the materials, the energy efficiency of design, construction techniques,
zoning policy and social need.
Embracing Co-creative Design Processes - Sustainable designers are finding it is important to
listen to every voice. Collaboration with systems consultants, engineers and other experts
happens early in the design process, instead of an afterthought. Designers are also listening to
the voices of local communities. Design for all user (neighborhood residents or office
employers) are becoming a standard practice.
Understanding People – e project must take into consideration the wide range of cultures,
races, religions and habits of the people who are going to be using and inhabiting the built
environment. is requires sensitivity and empathy on the needs of the people and the
community.
4.2.3. Step -3:Analysis:
When we would start the analysis we clear the steps are as following:
■ Why we are analysis – what’s our purpose? Do we want information about specific parts of the
urban site? If so, which ones? Or do we want the specific informative data?
■ What information do we want – and how much? Do other council units want to use it for
other projects? Are there any local issues, like long-running zoning, transportation, migration or
others?
■ Who do we want to collect these information? from council and the community?
It all depends on our purpose. When we choose our consultation method, we’ll be consulting
with people according of the age, ethnicity, literacy levels, and so on of the community. Asking
people, in telephone, questionnaire, or face-to-face surveys, these three open-ended questions:
-What do you like about (place)?
-What don’t you like about (place)?
-What would you like to change about (place)?
For a particular site we should analysis the sustainable data as following:
Environmental sustainability
Economical sustainability
Social sustainability
- average temperatures rise per
year, for designing the shading
and ventilation process
- average sea level rise and
rainfall per year, for find out the
flood area and design in safe
zone and height
-market analysis for economic
status position for developing a
project
- government policy
-zoning
-building law
-‘compact city’ versus ‘urban
sprawl’
We also analysis some general topics, such as:
• Strengths, Weakness, Opportunity and reats (SWOT): SWOT analysis is a useful technique
for the collection and structuring the data. e SWOT analysis can assist clearer definition of the
design and point the way to design solutions. e major theme in sustainable changes is people
realm, environmental change, economical sector (for budget allocation) and government policy.
As for example, we find through data collection that the site orientation and climate are very
fluctuate situation. So it is guide and aware us, when we develop design.
• Trend, forecast and scenario: e analysis of trends, forecast and scenario, making predictions
about the future. e plan was then based upon those predictions. It was found from experience
that predictions and forecasts about the future can be wildly out when based on such
calculations. e major events such as a change in political attitudes; a stock market crash and
many other possible future events can be built into a series of different scenarios. ese
scenarios can be fed back into the forecasts, which in turn result in a set of different trends for
any topic analyzed. As for example migration, we collect the data for particular city that how
many people migrate in every year and why, so it could help us to calculate the users rates. For
prepare an urban project is a long time process .Sometimes the present data are not appropriate
for future, when the project is complete. If we prepare proposal with the concern of present and
future data then the project would fulfill the users need.
• Constraints and possibilities: e constraints map contains information, for example, on the
location and design of any approved projects such as road widening, sites with planning
approvals, land use or building height restrictions, buildings designated as of historic interest,
together with any important features of the land or its servicing. e possibilities map includes
items such as areas ripe for development, possible linkages with adjacent areas in the city,
features which are special to the area, groups of buildings of outstanding architectural
significance, with a change of use, positions where development would enhance the appearance
of the built environment and areas where landscape intervention would be advantageous.
• Sieve mapping: Analyzing constraints and possibilities can be expressed graphically as a series
of sieve maps.
4.2.4. Step-4: Draw plan and design statement:
Drawing is an important element for achieve the destination. If drawing is incomplete or
contradictory, builder cannot rely on the quality of the built outcomes. For large, complex and
sensitive sites, design statements are needed to help applicants to explain their approach. For all
situation some steps of drawing are required, these are:
oSite and area diagram
oConstraints-limits to development
oOpportunity- scope for development
oHow development will integrate with the town or village and enhance character
oHow the site layout of access, buildings, space and parking make the best use of the site and
work well.
oHow sitting, scale and massing relates to the area
oReasons for its appearance (elevation, ground surface)
oHow the design is sustainable (energy efficient, long lasting, accessible to all, safe and easy
to maintenance).
4.2.5. Step-5: Evaluation of plan:
Moderate to large-scale urban design projects are aimed at improving social, economic and
infrastructure conditions rather than focusing on the single objective of physical urban renewal.
For that, projects aimed at regenerating inner cities are planned as a series of interrelated actions
in which the increase of employment levels is interlinked with sustainable improvement in
general. For this type of project the issue of methods needs to be considered from an economic
and social perspective. Such as,
* Economic evaluation of urban design: e most important tool used to carry out an economic
evaluation of urban design projects is cost–benefit analysis.
* Environmental impact assessment: Assessment the impact on the physical environment, quality
of air, water, soil, cultural heritage conservation areas, animal environment, landscape, climate.
*Identification of impacts: Identify the impact on local economy, local environment, aesthetic
and cultural values, Infrastructure.
Evaluation occurs at many levels ranging from meeting technical demands to the ability to gain
public acceptance. It is the phase in which the preliminary plans generated in the synthesis phase
are compared to the original goals and problem definitions. e evaluation are categories two
way:
a) How well the solution fit the problem.
b) How readily the proposals can be implemented.
e problems are constantly changing. Developing solution for problems which are in a state of
flux is like shooting at a moving target. Problem changes in time as citizen participation has
gained important.
4.2.6.Step-6: Alternative of plan:
When generating methodology, there should be scope for alternative design solutions. is part
emerge design concepts which reflect an understanding of the constraints of the problem and
propose optimum solution. In this phase, the data gathered and the analysis of the problem must
be translated into proposal for action. In these phase, there may be a number of concepts
proposed. ere is usually more than one way to solve a particular set of problems. Alternative
plan is approach the old problem in new way. It analysis and present data in different way .
Sometimes the conversation of client and consultant are conflict in one plan. So it is important
the alternatives plans that present possible action in given situation.
4.2.7. Step-7: Presentation:
Design as a process based on conversation and perception. In essence this means how designers
come to understand problems and get ideas about solutions through a process that is
conversation-like. Presentation is the tools available for expressing urban design ideas. It
discusses, in particular, the style of report writing, effective public speaking, the use of drawings,
three-dimensional material and the computer in the presentation of the urban design project.
Presentation tools depend on the project, its document, skill and audience.
4.2.8. Step-8: Choice of plan:
After survey, analysis, review of plan, series of meetings with the client, planner, consultant and
others, the discussion address to consider a plan for implementation. All urban designs are
ultimately shaped not only by design ideas but also they should consider-
-e sustainable changes concern in plan which consider the needs for future
-Public and private sector marketing decisions and sources of financing.
After choice the plan there are two important steps towards implementation, these are:
oFraming the permission: Planning permissions are one of the most sensitive tools available for
controlling the quality of design. e plan was grant by the authority with legal law for
building and zoning conditions. After all the process was completed there was a question that
the design are maintain the law of the country. Different country had different law and
building act. Zoning system are also particular (like- residential, commercial, etc) or should
be mixed use, it depend on the area and their use.
oKeeping involve after planning permission: After permission, the planning is to start practical
works, and can be watered down and subcontracted, and the vision lost. In that time the
planner job is to keep track on this.
4.2.9. Step-9: Implementation:
When we start to implement a project in a particular site, we need some documents-
• Site layout requirements: ese may include, among other things, minimum setbacks
(minimum distance from structure to front, side, or rear lot line), maximum percentage of site
that may be covered by structure, placement of driveways or curb cuts, parking requirements,
screening requirements and limits on the size or placement of signs.
• Requirements for structural characteristic: ese may include maximum height of structure,
maximum number of stories, and maximum floor area of structure. e last is often cast in
terms of floor area ratio (FAR), which indicates a maximum permissible ratio of floor area to site
area.
• Uses to which structures may be put: Zoning ordinance will generally specify which uses are
permitted and which are not in a particular area. Like residential area, commercial area, etc
zones are different from one to another for functional structure.
• Procedural matters: A common arrangement is that the building is the permit application. e
ordinance will generally also specify an appeals procedure by which an applicant can apply for
relief.
Project management is the important factor to the setting-up of the project, implementation at
the construction stage of the process. Project management was used as a powerful way of
controlling communities and to convince them towards a clearly established goal. e key to
successful project management is to actually follow the project planning , monitoring with the
current situation and keep track of how the project is progressing. Projects management is an
important part of project control and keeping the project plan up-to-date.
Planning is a continuous process that begins with a vision and establishes goals, objectives,
policies and recommendations to achieve that vision. Planning must recognize existing
conditions to the extent that they affect the future. e results of the implementation process to
achieve that vision are evaluated, and the goals, objectives, policies and recommendations are
modified and readopted. e planner often receives a range of requests for changes, many of
which need careful scrutiny. Reviewing the scheme on site as it is built, preferably with the
developer, is most valuable for picking up critical aspects of detail. In practical situation there
was lack of project monitoring system, so the project was completed but not a successful design.
So for design methods and review systems is very important in practice of urban design.
Figure: Propose design method
5. Conclusion:
e whole paper describes the methods for urban build project for sustainable development that
will help to asses for future urban project development. We summarize the paper in the way that,
we have followed the method step by step. First we fixed an objective, secondly survey and
analysis of the site and data. en draw plans, improve plan, consults with client, evaluation of
the plan, alternative solution of plan and choice a plan. In these drawing process plans may be
change several times .When we are do these we must aware of the zoning, law , regulation and
permission from the local authority of planning. Other sectors are public interest, budgets are
important. All urban designs are ultimately shaped not only by design ideas but also by public
and private sector marketing decisions and sources of financing. en the implementation step,
which take a long time- sometimes year after year. So in implementation level we were
monitoring the process from site analysis to implementation, because in respect of the time the
starting conditions of site are different from the project implementation time. Sustainable issues,
functions, cultural dimensions are change due to time. So after certain time to time it is required
to analysis the project. e implementation of more sustainable practices now is essential so that
we can enjoy a great quality of life today while ensuring that future generations will also have the
resources they will need.
Reference:
Books:
Alexander Garvin, (1996), e American City: What Works and What Doesn't,
Adrian Pitts, (2004), Planning and design strategies for Sustainability and profit,
Bryan Lawson, What Designers Know, (2004)
Bryan Lawson, How Designers ink: e Design Process Demystified,(2005), fourth edition
Cliff Moughtin with Peter Shirley, Urban Design: Green Dimensions, second edition,(1999),
Cliff Moughtin, Urban Design: street and square,(2003)
Cliff Moughtin, Rafael Cuesta, Christine Sarris and Paola Signoretta, Urban Design:
Methods and Techniques, (1999),
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