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Feeding Value of Mango Leaf ( Mangifera indica ) for Growing Rabbits
Abstract
A study was carried out to determine the intake and utilization of Mango leaf meal by growing rabbits. Twenty cross weaned rabbits of average weight 700 g were randomly assigned to the five iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets in which wheat offal was substituted at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. The results showed that rabbits weight reduced significantly (p-1 diet (^) decreased significantly as the level of dietary inclusion of Mango leaf meal increased from 0 to 100%. At the end of the study the highest savings on feed to produce kg-1 was obtained in the group which consumed 100% mango leaf meal diet. This was closely followed by rabbits on 75, 50 and 25%. It was therefore concluded that Mango leaf meal can be fed to weaner rabbits up to 50% level without any adverse effect on performance variables.
... Studies on MLs are limited, considering their role in improving the biomass and their suitability as fodder crop have been investigated in animal models. Studies conducted on MLs meal found crude protein (CP) content (171.4 g kg −1 DM) to determine performance, nutrient utilization, and carcass evaluation of growing rabbit [11]. ML protein was assessed for its efficacy as a fodder crop in the meals fed to animals such as rabbit and black Bengal goats [11,12]. ...
... Studies conducted on MLs meal found crude protein (CP) content (171.4 g kg −1 DM) to determine performance, nutrient utilization, and carcass evaluation of growing rabbit [11]. ML protein was assessed for its efficacy as a fodder crop in the meals fed to animals such as rabbit and black Bengal goats [11,12]. ML is a good source of supplementary protein, vitamins, and minerals. ...
... Crude protein 93.2 [12] Crude protein 171.4 [11] Lipids/oil profile (%) [16] α-pinene 3.0 ...
Mangifera indica L. belongs to the family of Anacardiaceae and it is an important fruit from South and Southeast Asia. India, China, Thailand, Indonesia, Pakistan, Mexico, Brazil, Bangladesh, Nigeria, and Philippines are among the top mango producer countries. The leaves of the mango plant have been studied for their health benefits which are attributed to the plethora of phytochemicals such as mangiferin followed by phenolic acids, benzophenones and other antioxidants such as flavonoids, ascorbic acid, carotenoids and tocopherols. The extracts from mango leaves (MLs) have been studied for their biological activities including anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-obesity, lipid-lowering, hepato-protection, and anti-diarrheal. In the present review we have presented the nutritional profile and phytochemical profile of the MLs. Further, various bioactivities of the ML extracts are also discussed critically. Considering the phytochemical profile, and beneficial effects of the MLs, they can be used as potential ingredient for the development of functional foods and pharmaceutical drugs. More detailed clinical trials are needed to be conducted for establishing the actual efficacy of the ML extracts.
... These trees produce abundant amount of leaves, which fall on the ground after fruit harvest season or are available during tree pruning season. Mango leaves contain 93.2 g crude protein (CP)/kg DM, 241 g crude fibre (CF)/kg DM, 46 g ether extract (EE)/kg DM and 8.75 metabolizable energy (ME) MJ/kg DM and have the potential to be used as animal feed (Akbar and Alam, 1991, Ajayi et al., 2005, Fafiolu et al., 2006. Dietary inclusion of mango leaves improved the growth rates of goats compared to those fed on green grass (Akbar and Alam, 1991). ...
... In order to have sufficient feeds for ruminants during the dry period, mango leaves should be preserved. Although meal can be successfully produced from mango leaves for animal feeding (Fafiolu et al., 2006), this method is costly and may not be affordable to the resource poor farmers. Research has shown that ensiling can be an alternative and simple method to preserve the nutritional value of tree leaves (Medhi et al., 2010). ...
A study was conducted to evaluate the ensilibility of mango (Mangifera indica) leaves under laboratory conditions. Mango leaves were shredded to achieve 15 mm cutting length and treated with: control (no additive), liquid whey and Lactobacillus buchneri (LB). The chopped materials were ensiled in 1.5 L jars (15 jars/treatment) and sampled on the days 2, 5, 10, 20 and 40 post-ensiling for analysis of nutritive value and silage fermentation characteristics. In addition, samples of 40 days were subjected to a 5 days aerobic test where CO 2 production was measured. After 40 days of ensiling, treatments did not affect silage pH and crude fibre content. The concentration of lactic acid was increased (P<0.05) with whey compared to the other treatments. Acetic acid concentration was increased (P<0.05) with LB compared to other treatments. Inoculation reduced (P<0.05) ammonia-N compared to control. The aerobic stability of silage was improved (P<0.05) with whey and LB as indicated by lower CO 2 production compared to control. It was concluded that silage produced from mango leaves was poorly fermented as indicated by high pH and low lactic acid contents.
... Data given in Table ( Alberts et al., (2002) depicted that mango leaves consisted of (5.5%) ash and Fafiolu et al., (2006) found that mango leaves consisted of protein (17.14 %). Phenolic and flavonoids of guava and mango L. ...
... This is a clear indication that the inclusion of PMNWA across the treatment can support the growth of the grass cutters, grass cutters fed diet 5 had a better final weight followed by diet 4, 3, 2 and 1 respectively and this could be due to a higher protein content contained in the experimental diet. This agrees with the findings of Odetola et al (2012); Olatunji et al (2016) and Fafiolu et al (2006) when Moringa leaf meals (MLM) and Mango leaf meal were fed to weaner rabbits but contrary to the reports of Hossein Abbasi et al (2015) on the effects of feeding different levels of Sweet orange pulp on the growth performance of broiler chickens and Ojabo et al (2012) on the effect of dried sweet orange fruit peel on the growth performance and haematology of rabbits. Preston and Leng (1987) reported that the growth rate of an animal is determined by the feed intake and digestibility, with feed intake being determined by balance of nutrients especially protein in relation to energy for metabolism. ...
This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of feeding different levels of Azolla pinnata, Polyalthia longifolia, Tithonia diversifolia, Moringa olifera, Azadirachta indica leaf meal infusion (PMNWA) as an organic supplement on the performance and nutrient retention of growing grass cutters. Experimental parameters covered growth performance and nutrient retention. Twenty, three weeks growing male grass cutters were randomly divided into five treatments groups with four replicates, each of one grass cutter in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Group 1 was fed basal diet without PMNWA, Group 2, 3, 4 and 5 were fed basal diets supplemented with PMNWA at levels of 5.00%, 10.0%, 15.0% and 20.0% respectively. The basal diet was formulated to meet the nutritional requirements of growing grass cutters according to Wogar (2011), the experiment lasted for 60 days and the results obtained showed that there were significant at P<0.05 differences among all treatments in the values of final live weight and feed conversion ratio . Results for feed intake, daily water intake and nutrient retention (protein, fibre and fat) were not significantly (P>0.05) affected with the inclusion of PMNWA. No mortality was recorded throughout the experimental period. Results obtained from this study showed that PMNWA is a good quality test materials with high contents of micro-nutrients which can improve the stability, palatability and shelf life of feed and its inclusion at 20.0% level does not have any deleterious effect on the general performance and health status of grass cutters
... Akinmutimi et al., (2006), noted that addition of raw African yam bean meal in the diet of weaner rabbits up to 10% as a replacement for soya bean meal produced good serum chemistry and better performance of diets as also the economics of production. Fafiolu et al., (2006) used mango leaf meal to replace wheat offal in the diet of rabbits up to 50%. This is because values of weight gain and feed conversion ratio of rabbits at that level were comparable with those on the control. ...
Insufficient supplies of feed and feed resources form the main constraint to efficient livestock production. Animal production in the tropics especially in Nigeria is adversely affected by high cost and insufficient feed supply. Unlike other monogastrics, rabbits can utilize alternative or non-conventional feed resources better. Also, unlike conventional feed resources, alternative feed resources are not highly demanded by man, they are cheap, many even go wasted and they are excellent sources of nutrients for livestock. However, they have some constraints such as ignorance of their existence and their potentials as feed stuffs and what amount can be tolerated by livestock. This paper therefore reviews findings of researches on utilisation of alternative feed resources, their effects on performance, carcass characteristics and their accepted inclusion levels in rabbit diets.
Shredded citrus (Citrus sinensis) leaves were treated with: Control (no additive), liquid whey and Lactobacillus buchneri (LB) and ensiled in 1.5 L anaerobic jars (15 jars/treatment). Jars were opened on day 2, 5, 10, 20 and 40 post ensiling for analysis of nutritive value and silage fermentation characteristics. In addition, samples of day 40 were subjected to a 5 day aerobic test where CO 2 production was measured. After 40 days of ensiling, inoculation reduced (P<0.05) silage pH, butyric acid and ammonia-N while increasing acetic and lactic acids content compared to control. The aerobic stability of silage was improved (P<0.05) with whey and LB as indicated by lower CO 2 production compared to control. It was concluded that silage produced from citrus leaves was poorly fermented as indicated by high pH and low lactic acid contents.
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