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MODEL PENGEMBANGAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN (SMK) DALAM MENCIPTAKAN KEMANDIRIAN SEKOLAH
Abstract
Abstrak Peran Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) dalam kancah persaingan pasar global dalam rangka menyiapkan tenaga menengah terampil Kata kunci : kewirausahaan, kemandirian sekolah, model pengembangan Pendahuluan Globalisasi yang terjadi selama ini telah melahirkan perubahan di segala bidang. Lingkungan organisasi setiap saat berubah pula, sehingga organisasi bisnis dituntut untuk selalu melakukan perubahan dan melakukan adaptasi agar selalu dapat memenangkan persaingan. Ultrich (1998) menyatakan bahwa kunci sukses menghadapi sebuah perubahan ada pada sumber daya manusia. Perdagangan bebas yang akan direalisasikan pada tahun 2010 dan 2020 menuntut tersedianya tenaga kerja yang terampil serta memiliki kompetensi yang tinggi untuk bersaing di pasar tenaga kerja, baik regional, nasional dan internasional. Konsekuensinya, lembaga pendidikan formal seperti Sekolah Menengah Umum (SMU), Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) dituntut untuk menghasilkan lulusan yang siap bekerja, memiliki sikap, watak dan perilaku wirausaha serta ketrampilan (life skill) untuk bekerja di segala bidang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dunia industri. Di sisi lain, dengan adanya otonomi daerah, peranan pemerintah kota / kabupaten sangat vital dalam mengembangkan pendidikan dan peningkatan kualitas pendidikan. Keberpihakan pemerintah pusat maupun pemerintah kota / kabupaten dalam pengembangan pendidikan tercermin dalam besarnya anggaran pendidikan di APBD maupun APBN. Selama ini masing-masing pemerintah kota/kabupaten belum mampu mengalokasikan anggaran pendidikan sebesar 20 persen sesuai dengan amanat undang-undang. Sebagai akibatnya, pembangunan pendidikan belum mampu memberikan pelayanan secara merata kepada seluruh lapisan masyarakat Rata-rata angka partispasi sekolah (APS) kelompok usia 13-15 tahun pada tahun 2003, kelompok 20 persen terkaya sudah mencapai 81,01 persen, sementara APS kelompok 20 persen termiskin baru mencapai 67,23 persen. Untuk usia 16 – 18 tahun, APS kelompok terkaya sebesar 75,62 persen dan APS kelompok termiskin hanya 28,52 persen. Data Depdiknas menunjukkan bahwa sekitar 88,4% lulusan SLTA tidak melanjutkan ke perguruan tinggi, dan 34,4% lulusan SLTP tidak melanjutkan ke SLTA. Kondisi ini mengindikasikan bahwa terjadi kesenjangan antara penduduk miskin dan penduduk kaya. Sulitnya masyarakat untuk memperoleh layanan pendidikan sebagai akibat tingginya beban biaya pendidikan, baik menyangkut SPP maupun pengeluaran lain di luar SPP. Akibatnya angka putus sekolah yang tinggi, sehingga berpotensi menciptakan masalah sosial serta pengangguran yang semakin tinggi.
... According to Gitosudarmo and Sudita (2008), work attitude/behavior is the orderly attitude of a person's feelings and thoughts and the tendency to act towards aspects of their environment. According to Hornby (in Hakim, 2010), Attitude is the way one places or carries oneself, or how one feels, thinks, and behaves. Hakim (2010) also explains that attitude is a complex mental condition that involves beliefs and feelings, as well as a disposition to act in a certain way. ...
... According to Hornby (in Hakim, 2010), Attitude is the way one places or carries oneself, or how one feels, thinks, and behaves. Hakim (2010) also explains that attitude is a complex mental condition that involves beliefs and feelings, as well as a disposition to act in a certain way. This opinion is further enriched by Ramdhani (in Hakim, 2010) that attitude is a mental and neural condition acquired from experience, which dynamically directs and influences individual responses to all related objects and situations. ...
... Hakim (2010) also explains that attitude is a complex mental condition that involves beliefs and feelings, as well as a disposition to act in a certain way. This opinion is further enriched by Ramdhani (in Hakim, 2010) that attitude is a mental and neural condition acquired from experience, which dynamically directs and influences individual responses to all related objects and situations. According to Robbins (2015), attitude is also an evaluative statement, whether pleasant or unpleasant, about objects, people, or events. ...
This research aims to analyze the role and influence of Knowledge Management, Skill and Attitude simultaneously and partially on the performance of West Papua Province Food Security Service Employees. This research was conducted at the West Papua Province Food Security Service for one month, with a sample of 75 respondents. Data collection used a questionnaire and analysis used multiple linear regression. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, especially the F test, it was found that the research model consisting of knowledge management, skills and attitude has a positive and significant influence on work performance. Furthermore, based on the results of hypothesis testing, it was found that knowledge management, skills and attitude had a significant and partially positive influence on the performance of West Papua Province Food Security Service employees. Skill is the variable that has the most dominant influence on the performance of employees of the West Papua Province Food Security Service, while knowledge management and attitude are the second and third variables that influence the performance of employees of the West Papua Province Food Security Service.
... Hal ini tentu menjadi tantangan dan kendala tersendiri bagi tim pengelola program. Menurut (Hakim, 2010), kurangnya pelatihan kewirausahaan bagi guru menyebabkan pembelajaran kewirausahaan akan dangkal dan belum menyentuh substansi kewirausahaan yang sebenarnya. Program kewirausahaan di lingkungan MI PERSMIN dilaksanakan melalui beberapa praktik usaha, seperti koperasi madrasah, kantin madrasah, hidroponik dan bank sampah anorganik. ...
... Adanya kendala-kendala seperti yang dipaparkan sebisa mungkin masih diatasi dengan baik dan tidak menurunkan semangat belajar kewirausahaan. Hal ini sejalan dengan pendapat (Hakim, 2010) bahwa dukungan sarana dan prasarana serta laboratorium kewirausahaan sangat penting dalam mempengaruhi dan mendukung kesuksesan pelaksanaan program. Sementara menurut (Jannah & Sontani, 2018) sarana prasarana menjadi faktor penting yang bisa memfasilitasi dan mengoptimalkan siswa untuk belajar dengan mudah, nyaman dan menyenangkan. ...
Abstrak: Perubahan kurikulum merdeka belajar mencanangkan adanya program kewirausahaan pada proyek penguatan profil pelajar pancasila yang dapat menumbuhkan jiwa kewirausahaan dan membentuk karakter yang kreatif, inovatif, serta tangguh. Dalam pelaksanaanya program kewirausahaan mengalami beberapa kendala, sehingga perlu dilakukan evaluasi sebagai bahan tindak lanjut pengembangan program. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan evaluasi program kewirausahaan di MI PERSMIN Wonokromo Surabaya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian evaluasi dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan design model CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product). Subjek dalam evaluasi ini adalah kepala sekolah, pengurus program kewirausahaan dan siswa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data melalui tiga tahapan yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Keabsahan data diperoleh melalui triangulasi teknik dan triangulasi sumber. Hasil temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aspek konteks program kewirausahaan baik dari sisi kebijakan maupun tujuan dirumuskan dengan baik. Aspek input sudah dikelola dengan baik oleh tim pengurus kewirausahaan, akan tetapi sarana dan prasarana kurang mendukung program kewirausahaan. Aspek proses, secara keseluruhan pelaksanaan praktik usaha terealisasikan dengan baik, beberapa hambatan masih dapat diatasi dengan baik. Aspek output melalui bentuk bimbingan dan arahan pembina, program kewirausahaan menghasilkan siswa-siswi yang memiliki jiwa dan karakter wirausaha. Meski demikian, MI PERSMIN Wonokromo berusaha mengembangkan program kewirausahaan agar bertambah baik. Abstract : Changes to the independent learning curriculum proclaim an entrepreneurship program to strengthen the Pancasila student profile who can foster an entrepreneurial spirit and form creative, innovative, and resilient characters. However, there are still obstacles during its process. This study aims to evaluate the entrepreneurship program at MI PERSMIN Wonokromo Surabaya, using a qualitative approach using CIPP model (Context, Input, Process, Product). The research subjects were school principals, entrepreneurship program administrators and students. The data were collected through observation, interviews and documentation. The data were analyzed through three stages: data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Technical and source triangulation was also done. The results indicated that the aspects of the entrepreneurship program both in terms of policies and objectives were well formulated. The input aspect has been well managed by the management team, but the infrastructure and facilities did not support the program. Regarding the process aspect, the overall implementation of business practices has been well realized and the obstacles can be overcome properly. The output aspect was realized through guidance and direction from the coach, the entrepreneurship program produces students with entrepreneurial spirit and character. Apart from that, MI PERSMIN Wonokromo is striving to make the program better.
... According to Miller Entrepreneurship represents organizational behavior in which the main elements of entrepreneurship are risk-taking, proactive and innovative (Thomson, 2006). According to Usman, entrepreneurial understanding in the context of management is someone who has the ability to use resources, such as finance, raw materials and labor to produce a new product, new business, production process or organization development where the entrepreneur is someone who has a combination of elements internal that includes a combination of motivation, vision, communication, optimism, encouragement and ability to take advantage of business opportunities so that it can be concluded that the entrepreneur is a pioneer in business, innovators, risk takers, who have a vision for the future and have excellence in achieving in business (Hakim, 2010). ...
... In the 1950s, entrepreneurship education began in several countries such as Europe, America and Canada, since the 1970s many universities or universities have taught entrepreneurship "entrepreneurship" or "small business management" or "new venture management" in the 1980s nearly 500 schools in the United States provided Entrepreneurship education, which at that time in Indonesia entrepreneurship was studied only limited to certain schools or colleges only (Hakim, 2010). Entrepreneurship education has been taught as an independent independent discipline, which according to Soeharto Prawirokusumo is due to: 1. Entrepreneurship contains a "body of knowledge" that is full and distinctive, ie there is a complete theory, concept, and scientific method. ...
The emergence of a new business organization is caused by the human resources factor and the decision to entrepreneurship is determined by the environmental factors that influence a person to become an entrepreneur. Interest of entrepreneurs to entrepreneurship is still low so still need further research in order to increase the interest of learners especially in Vocational School (SMK) to become entrepreneur. It is necessary to increase the number of entrepreneurs as one determinant of the development of an area and the State. Entrepreneur is someone who has the advantage in running a business. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the family environment with interest in entrepreneurship vocational school students in Subang Regency. The method used in this study is a survey where the techniques of collecting and analyzing data in the form of opinions from the subjects studied through questionnaires, interviews, and observation. In this study gives an idea that the family environment gives a significant influence on entrepreneurship interests of vocational school students in Subang Regency with a score obtained 0.000 - 0.043. This research has a high degree of reliability that is equal to 0.703.
... S ekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) merupakan model lembaga pendidikan yang bertujuan untuk menghasilkan lulusan siap pakai, di mana lulusannya memiliki kompetensi yang sesuai dengan industri sasaran (Hakim, 2010;Premono, 2010;Winarno, 2009). Khurniawan et. ...
... Hal ini sejalan dengan gagasan Gaol (2014) yang menjelaskan bahwa rekrutmen adalah proses pencarian pelamar yang potensial, dalam praktiknya, seringkali hotel sangat selektif di dalam memilih karyawan tetap. Bahkan, untuk mencari yang berkualitas, pihak human resources sering kali memublikasikan informasi pencarian karyawan pada grup yang terpercaya, misalnya ikatan asosiasi human resources Indonesia. ...
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana peluang kerja bagi lulusan perempuan sekolah kejuruan untuk diterima sebagai karyawan di hotel. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui penyebaran kuesioner menggunakan formulir google dengan teknik probabilitas sampling dan wawancara dengan metode Tremblay terhadap Departemen Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) yang terpilih. Analisis sampel menunjukkan bahwa 45% lulusan SMK diterima sebagai pekerja harian; 28,30% adalah karyawan kontrak; 18.30% adalah karyawan tetap. Khusus untuk lulusan perempuan Kejuruan 27.22% kesempatan untuk diterima bekerja di bidang housekeeping, 21.30% di front office, 21.30% di food and beverage production, 24.86% di food and beverage service dan departemen lainnya baik sebagai teknisi dan administrasi sebanyak 5,40%. Khusus untuk posisi admin, lulusan harus memiliki keterampilan administrasi operasi hotel, namun lulusan kejuruan masih minim yang menguasai sistem. Artikel ini berpendapat bahwa hotel membuka diri untuk menerima lulusan sekolah kejuruan termasuk perempuan, dan untuk dapat menjadi karyawan tetap, lulusan harus memiliki keterampilan yang memadai. Kata kunci: peluang kerja, lulusan perempuan, SMK Perhotelan, Bali
... Menurut Miller Kewirausahaan mewakili perilaku organisasi dimana elemen utama kewirausahaan yaitu berani mengambil resiko, proaktif dan melakukan inovasi (Thomson, 2006). Menurut Usman, pengertian wirausahawan dalam konteks manajemen adalah seseorang yang memiliki kemampuan dalam menggunakan sumber daya, seperti finansial, bahan mentah dan tenaga kerja untuk menghasilkan suatu produk baru, bisnis baru, proses produksi ataupun pengembangan organisasi dimana wirausaha adalah seseorang yang memiliki kombinasi unsur-unsur internal (Hakim, 2010). Dalam lampiran Keputusan Menteri Koperasi dan Pembinaan Pengusahan Kecil Nomor 961/KEP/M/XI/1995, dicantumkan bahwa Kewirausahaan adalah semangat, sikap, perilaku dan kemampuan seseorang dalam menangani usaha atau kegiatan yang mengarah pada upaya mencari, menciptakan serta menerapkan cara kerja, teknologi dan produk baru dengan meningkatkan efisiensi dalam rangka memberikan pelayanan yang lebih baik dan atau memperoleh keuntungan yang lebih besar. ...
... Tahun 1950-an, pendidikan kewirausahaan mulai dirintis di beberapa negara seperti di Eropa, Amerika dan Canada, sejak tahun 1970-an banyak universitas atau perguruan tinggi yang mengajarkan kewirausahaan "entrepeneurship" atau "small business management" atau "new venture management", pada tahun 1980-an hampir 500 sekolah di Amerika Serikat memberikan pendidikan Kewirausahaan, yang saat itu di Indonesia kewirausahaan dipelajari baru terbatas pada beberapa sekolah atau perguruan tinggi tertentu saja (Hakim, 2010). Pendidikan kewirausahaan telah diajarkan sebagai suatu disiplin ilmu tersendiri yang independen, yang menurut Soeharto Prawirokusumo adalah dikarenakan oleh: 1. Kewirausahaan berisi "body of knowledge" yang utuh dan nyata (distinctive), yaitu ada teori, konsep, dan metode ilmiah yang lengkap. ...
... With creativity and innovation, a business or business can have a competitive advantage and can maintain its survival longer. With creativity and innovation, a business or business can be superior and different from its competitors' products (Hakim, 2010). ...
The intense competition in the food and beverage sector has led to increased consumptive behavior, which supports the economy. This presents a promising business opportunity for graduates of SMK Tata Culinary through Teaching Factory (TEFA) learning. This study aims to analyze the factors supporting and hindering TEFA's implementation, test its effectiveness, and describe the work readiness of students in Culinary Vocational High Schools in East Java. Using a mixed-method approach, the study sampled 6 schools from Surabaya, Sidoarjo, Ngawi, Lumajang, Tulungagung, and Magetan, with 50 culinary students from each school. Data collection included interviews, observations, and questionnaires, focusing on preparing students for entrepreneurship. Data were analyzed using one-factor ANOVA with SPSS 22. The results showed that student involvement in TEFA activities provided contextual experiences, enhancing critical thinking and problem-solving skills. In conclusion, TEFA's application in Vocational High Schools under the Independent Curriculum fosters creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship, offering significant benefits for startups, business innovation, and job creation.
... This study for policy and practice implies that policymakers and practitioners could learn from Vocational High School Nurut Taqwa's model, potentially adapting and applying its strategies to other educational settings (Hakim, 2010). As we enter an era where traditional sources of education financing are increasingly constrained, exploring alternative, sustainable sources such as waqf can provide viable solutions for financing education, particularly for marginalized and vulnerable groups like orphans (Noor Ariffin et al., 2021). ...
This research investigates the strategic utilization of Islamic philanthropy for financing education, focusing specifically on its role in empowering orphans. It explores the Foundation of Self-Determined Owners of Banyuwangi's application of zakat and the waqf-based educational justice instrument in Vocational High School Nurut Taqwa. The study adopts a descriptive qualitative approach and includes observation, interviews, and document analysis to collect data. The findings demonstrate the efficient use of Islamic philanthropy in providing free education and support for orphans and underprivileged individuals. The school's structured financing approach, leveraging immovable and mobile waqf supplemented by various sources, ensures transparency and accountability. This research provides valuable insights into the strategic use of Islamic philanthropy in education financing and its potential for empowering marginalized individuals. It also highlights the need for future studies to assess the model's applicability in different settings and its potential scalability.
... Namun kendala dalam berwirausaha adalah kurang antusias dan motivasi dalam menumbuh kembangkan jiwa usaha siswa (Taufik & Akmal, 2019). Hal ini dikarenakan persaingan global menunjukkan lulusan SMK masih kurang terserap di dalam dunia industry (Hakim, 2010). Kemendikbud mendorong Direktorat SMK untuk meningkatkan jumlah sekolah yang ada di Indonesia agar lulusan siap bekerja dan mengurangi pengangguran di Indonesia. ...
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect, of economic, academic, and social environment on the career choices of vocational students after graduating from vocational high school. The method used in this research is the postmodern phenomenology model. The location of research was conducted at SMK Negeri 9 Surakarta. Data collection techniques in research use several methods and are adapted to the circumstances and data needs needed in research. The data collection method consisted of observation, interviews, and document analysis. The process of obtaining data in research goes through the following stages: (1) the orientation or description stage; (2) the reduction or focus stage; (3) the selection stage. The result of this research is that the economic factor comes from the income of parents and the income of vocational students. Academic achievement factors come from the interests, talents, and personal motivation of students and parents. Social factors come from the family and community environment.
... Selain itu, persiapan ekstrakurikuler mendorong karakteristik kepeloporan karena praktik pembelajaran ekstrakurikuler membantu peserta didik menjadi imajinatif sesuai kebutuhan, batasan, bakat, dan minat mereka (Luthfiyah et al., 2020). Lingkungan belajar sebagai salah satu variabel yang mempengaruhi minat berbisnis juga dapat membangun rasa percaya diri, dimana ketangguhan mental juga merupakan salah satu variabel yang mempengaruhi minat (Hakim, 2010;Fardila et al., 2015;Husna, 2020). ...
This exploration is directed to determine the mental, emotional, and psychomotor improvement of students in business ventures. This examination was completed using a subjective methodology, which was then depicted by a graphical method. The observers in this study were the educators at SMPN 23 Simbang Maros. The procedure for determining the sources in this review uses a purposive examination strategy, by setting the benchmarks for witnesses, including (1) filling in as instructors and giving data to understudies about the significance of business (2) Assigning at the junior high school level, especially at SMPN 23 Simbang Maros. After being examined subjectively, the results were obtained if the teacher had understood and applied the importance of improving students' mental, feeling, and psychomotor as well as the role of junior high school in the entrepreneurial development of students.
... Disimpulkan bahwa dosen di PGSD Unissula memiliki pandangan dan kemampuan Volume: 7 Nomor : 4 Bulan : November Tahun : 2021 yang baik dalam menerapkan model kewirausahaan kepada mahasiswa. Pandangan dikuatkan oleh hakim yang menyatakan bahwa evaluasi masukan menunjukkan bahwa kepercayaan diri guru dalam menerapkan keterampilan mengajar dan tersedianya sarana prasarana yang dibutuhkan sangat efektif (Hakim, 2010). ...
This study aims to analyze the application of the character-based entrepreneurship model implemented in PGSD UNISSULA. Includes evaluation of inputs, namely from lecturers' teaching by applying a character-based entrepreneurship model and then observing student and lecturer perceptions of the implementation of the model. Product evaluation to observe the level of knowledge achievement and entrepreneurial motivational character of students after participating in learning with the entrepreneurship model. Data were collected from 105 students and 42 lecturers of PGSD UNISSULA. The instrument used for data collection in the form of a questionnaire and then analyzed using descriptive statistics with survey methods. The findings show that overall respondents agree that the perceptions of lecturers and students towards the implementation of the character-based entrepreneurship model in terms of inputs and products are at a fairly high and high level. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan model kewirausahaan berbasis karakter yang diimplementasikan di PGSD Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (Unissula). Meliputi evaluasi masukan yaitu dari pengajaran dosen dengan menerapkan model kewirausahaan berbasis karakter kemudian diamati persepsi mahasiswa dan dosen terhadap implementasi model. Evaluasi produk untuk mengamati tingkat pencapaian pengetahuan dan karakter motivasi berwirausaha mahasiswa setelah mengikuti pembelajaran dengan model kewirausahaan. Data dikumpulkan dari 105 mahasiswa dan 42 dosen PGSD Universitas Islam Sultan Agung. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk pengumpulan data berupa kuesioner kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistik deskriptif dengan metode survei. Temuannya menunjukkan secara keseluruhan responden setuju bahwa persepsi dosen dan mahasiswa terhadap implementasi model kewirausahaan berbasis karakter dalam hal input dan produk berada pada tingkat yang cukup tinggi dan tinggi.
... Pada umumnya diskusi dilakukan pada kelas yang masih didominasi guru, materi yang dibahas tidak sesuai dengan kontek dan isu-isu moral yang sedang berkembang dalam masyarakat, terutama yang berhubungan dengan kewirausahaan. Ada kecenderungan siswa hanyalah sebagai pendengar penjelasan guru atau hanya sekedar melengkapi Lembar Kerja Siswa [4]. ...
Tujuan penelitian yaitu (1) Mengetahui cara pengembangan model pembelajaran Prakarya dan Kewirausahaan melalui unit produksi di SMK, (2) Menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran Prakarya dan Kewirausahaan melalui unit produksi di SMK, (3) Menguji tingkat kevalidan, kepraktisan, dan keefektivan model pembelajaran Prakarya dan Kewirausahaan yang dikembangkan untuk digunakan di SMK. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research & Development yang mengacu pada model Borg and Gall yang kemudian disederhanakan dan dimodifikasi sesuai kebutuhan penelitian. Produk pengembangan yang dihasilkan adalah Model Pembelajaran Prakarya dan Kewirausahaan melalui Unit Produksi di SMK beserta buku panduan model, modul pembelajaran, dan Rencana Perangkat Pembelajaran (RPP). Penelitian pengembangan ini dilaksanakan di SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Bontoala Makassar. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah (1) Model pembelajaran dikembangkan dengan model pengembangan yang diadaptasi dan dimodifikasi dari model Borg and Gall yang terdiri dari 7 tahap, yaitu: (a) Penelitian Terhadap Produk yang Telah Ada, (b) Perancangan, (c) Pengujian Internal, (d) Revisi, (e) Uji Coba (f) Revisi, (g) Kajian Produk Akhir, (2) Perangkat yang dihasilkan yaitu berupa Buku Panduan Model Pembelajaran, Modul Pembelajaran, dan RPP, (3) Model dan perangkat yang dikembangkan telah teruji valid, praktis dan efektif.
... Di negara-negara tersebut, kewirausahaan memiliki tugas yang sangat banyak, antara lain, tugas dalam mengambil keputusan yang menyangkut kepemimpinan teknis; kepemimpinan organisatoris dan komersial; penyediaan modal; penerimaan dan penanganan tenaga kerja; pembelian, penjualan, pemasangan iklan; dan sebagainya. Pada tahun 1950-an, pendidikan kewirausahaan mulai dirintis di beberapa negara, seperti di Eropa, Amerika Serikat, dan Canada (Hakim, 2010;Wuisang, 2013;dan Hamzah, 2019 Dahulu ada pendapat yang menyatakan bahwa kewirausahaan merupakan bakat bawaan sejak lahir, yakni: "entrepreneurships are born, not made", sehingga kewirausahaan dipandang bukan hal yang penting untuk dipelajari dan diajarkan. Namun, dalam perkembangannya, ternyata bahwa kewirausahaan bukan hanya bakat bawaan sejak lahir, atau bersifat praktek lapangan saja. ...
ABSTRAKSI: Pembelajaran berbasis kearifan lokal Sunda memiliki keunggulan tersendiri, karena dapat memanfaatkan kultur masyarakat Sunda untuk diintegrasikan dengan pembelajaran. “Babasan” dan “Paribasa” merupakan bagian dari nilai-nilai kearifan lokal, yang merupakan suatu tradisi lisan yang berkembang seiring tumbuh-kembangnya masyarakat Sunda. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan naturalistik kualitatif, yang mengacu pada kondisi lingkungan alamiah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat nilai-nilai kearifan lokal yang terkandung dalam “Pupuh Sekar Ageung”, yang disebut dengan KSAD (Kinanti, Sinom, Asmarandana, dan Dangdanggula). Karakter yang muncul dalam “Pupuh” tersebut selaras dengan karakteristik kewirausahaan, yakni: bekerja keras, kreatif, mandiri, dan jujur; sedangkan dalam “Babahasan” dan “Paribasa” terdapat nilai-nilai kearifan lokal yang selaras dengan sikap-sikap kewirausahaan. Dengan terciptanya pembelajaran yang terintegrasi dengan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal, maka siswa mampu bersaing di era globalisasi tanpa melupakan akar budayanya sendiri.KATA KUNCI: Integrasi Nilai-nilai; Kearifan Lokal Sunda; Pembelajaran Kewirausahaan. ABSTRACT: “The Integration of Local Wisdom Values in the Entrepreneurship Learning in Public Vocational High School 10 of Bandung City”. Sundanese local wisdom-based learning has its own advantages, because it can take advantage of Sundanese culture to be integrated with learning. “Babasan” (Adage) and “Paribasa” (Proverb) are part of local wisdom values, which are an oral tradition that develops along with the development of Sundanese society. The method used is descriptive method with a qualitative naturalistic approach, which refers to natural environmental conditions. The results showed that there were local wisdom values contained in “Pupuh Sekar Ageung” (Great Flower Song), which was called the KSAD (Kinanti, Sinom, Asmarandana, and Dangdanggula). The characters that appear in the “Pupuh” (Song) are in line with entrepreneurial characteristics, namely: working hard, being creative, independent, and honest; while in “Babahasan” and “Paribasa”, there are local wisdom values that are consistent with entrepreneurial attitudes. With the creation of integrated learning with local wisdom values, students are able to compete in the globalization era without forgetting their own cultural roots.KEY WORD: Integration of Values; Sundanese Local Culture; Entrepreneurship Learning. About the Authors: Prof. Dr. Endang Komara adalah Guru Besar Magister Pendidikan IPS (Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial) di STKIP (Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan) Pasundan, Jalan Permana No.32-B Cimahi, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Mohamad Ibrahim Adiraharja, M.Pd. adalah Dosen FISS UNPAS (Fakultas Ilmu Sastra dan Seni, Universitas Pasundan), Jalan Dr. Setiabudhi No.193 Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Untuk kepentingan akademik, Penulis bisa dihubungi dengan alamat emel: endang_komara@yahoo.co.id dan adiraharja1983@gmail.comSuggested Citation: Komara, Endang Mohamad Ibrahim Adiraharja. (2020). “Integrasi Nilai-nilai Kearifan Lokal dalam Pembelajaran Kewirausahaan di SMK Negeri 10 Kota Bandung” in MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN: Jurnal Indonesia untuk Kajian Pendidikan, Volume 5(2), September, pp.117-130. Bandung, Indonesia: UPI [Indonesia University of Education] Press, ISSN 2527-3868 (print) and 2503-457X (online). Article Timeline: Accepted (May 2, 2020); Revised (July 3, 2020); and Published (September 30, 2020).
... Siswa tidak hanya diwajibkan menguasai teori tetapi juga harus mampu menerapkannya di kehidupan sosial. Salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan agar siswa dapat menerapkan ilmunya di kehidupan sosial adalah dengan penerapkan pendidikan berbasis kewirausahaan (Hakim, 2010). Pembentukan jiwa kewirausahaan umumnya banyak ditemukan pada pendidikan kejuruan. ...
This study aims to describe: (1) the strategies of principals, teachers, and alumni in developing the entrepreneurial spirit of students; (2) strategies of principals, teachers, and alumni in developing student’s entrepreneurial abilities; (3) the role of principals and teachers in the implementation of a double track learning system; (4) alumni participation in the implementation of learning entrepreneurship practices for students; (5) constrains encountered in developing student’s entrepreneurial spirit and abilities; and (6) solutions to overcome the constraints to the development of entrepreneurial motivation and capacities. This research method used qualitative approach with a case study design data would collected through observation, interview, and documentation techniques. Based on the research data it can be concluded that principals, teachers, and alumni have several strategies in developing the spirit and entrepreneurial abilities of students. The strategy includes requiring students to go directly into school entrepreneurship activities, providing material related to entrepreneurship practices, implement literacy programs to develop, brainstorm, and create dream books. In addition, principals and teachers play a role as policy makers in the implementation of double track learning policies. Alumni also actively participate in the implementation of entrepreneurship practice learning. The constraints experienced by principals, teachers, and alumni in developing spirit and entrepreneurial abilities are the students have low awareness and confidence. These constraints can be overcome by providing motivation, assistance, and student insight. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) strategi kepala sekolah, guru, dan alumni dalam pengembangan jiwa kewirausahaan siswa; (2) strategi kepala sekolah, guru, dan alumni dalam pengembangan kemampuan kewirausahaan siswa; (3) peran kepala sekolah dan guru dalam penerapan sistem pembelajaran double track; (4) partisipasi alumni dalam pembelajaran praktik kewirausahaan siswa; (5) hambatan kepala sekolah, guru, dan alumni dalam mengembangkan jiwa dan kemampuan kewirausahaan siswa; dan (6) solusi kepala sekolah, guru, dan alumni dalam mengatasi hambatan pengembangan jiwa dan kemampuan kewirausahaan siswa. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif jenis studi kasus dengan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan data penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kepala sekolah, guru, dan alumni memiliki beberapa strategi dalam pengembangan jiwa dan kemampuan kewirausahaan siswa. Strategi tersebut diantaranya adalah mewajibkan siswa terjun langsung dalam kegiatan kewirausahaan sekolah, pemberian materi yang berkaitan dengan praktik kewirausahaan, penerapan program literasi buku pengembangan, curah pendapat, dan pembuatan dream book. Selain itu kepala sekolah dan guru berperan sebagai pembuat kebijakan dan pelaksanaan kebijakan pembelajaran dengan sistem double track. Alumni juga berpartisipasi aktif dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran praktik kewirausahaan siswa. Hambatan yang dialami kepala sekolah, guru, dan alumni dalam pengembangan jiwa dan kemampuan kewirausahaan siswa adalah kesadaran siswa dan tingkat kepercayaan diri siswa. Hambatan tersebut dapat diatasi dengan pemberian motivasi, pendampingan berkelanjutan, serta membuka pemikiran para siswa.
... Pendidikan Indonesia diharapkan dapat menghasilkan lulusan yang berkompeten (Hakim, 2010), berkarakter dan inovatif demi kemajuan dan peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia dalam negeri. Oleh karena itu, persaingan di dunia kerja setelah peserta didik maupun mahasiswa lulus dari sekolah dan universitas akan semakin berat karena pada era industri 4.0 ini juga terdapat kecerdasan buatan seperti robot yang saat ini sudah sangat banyak dimanfaatkan oleh industri demi mencapai tujuan produksi dengan mengurangi biaya tenaga kerja dengan bukti nyata pada kasus PHK pada tahun 2017 yang mencapai 9. 822 orang di Indonesia. ...
p> The 4.0 industrial revolution brought various changes in various fields of life especially related to the development of individual careers. This development has positive and negative impacts that create opportunities and challenges. This has become material for BK / Counselor teachers, especially in the implementation of career guidance in schools. The following will be explained related to the opportunities and challenges of career guidance in vocational high schools in the industrial revolution era 4.0. This paper was written using a literature study of various references related to the topics discussed. Reference literature in this manuscript is from textbooks, scientific journals of research results, online proceedings, and other supporting literature. </p
... The research on the development of entrepreneurship learning models was also conducted by Hakim [14] with the title "The model of entrepreneurship development in VHS in creating school independence". The results showed that: (1) the average quality of entrepreneurship learning in Vocational High Schools was perceived well by students, but in practice, some entrepreneurship material taught was not complete and did not reach the desired goals for printing entrepreneurs; (2) policies implemented in entrepreneurship learning in vocational schools, on average perceived well by teachers, but in reality many Vocational Schools do not have a clear road map on developing entrepreneurship in vocational schools; (3) networking with an industrial world that is still low causes learning of entrepreneurship in schools to be ineffective; and (4) in this study an integrated model is proposed, so that Vocational Schools are able to produce graduates who have high entrepreneurial motivation and skills. ...
... Regulation of the Minister of National Education of the Republic of Indonesia Number 13 of 2007 requires Entrepreneurship competencies that must be present in a school Headmaster, as follows. According to Hakim (2010) Headmasters who have an entrepreneurial spirit in general have certain goals and expectations outlined in a realistic vision, mission, goals and strategic plans. In essence entrepreneurship in this school does not have to be interpreted as activities that are able to generate profits for the school materially (money) but the productivity of the school as a learning tool for students for the wider community. ...
This study originated from the results of a preliminary study that the Headmaster of State Vocational school (SMK) 6 Palembang has an important role and function in achieving the vision, mission and goals of education. One form of competency development is developing entrepreneurship at State Vocational school 6 Palembang. The purpose of this study was to analyze entrepreneurial competency of the headmaster of State Vocational school 6 Palembang in preparing vocational students for entrepreneurship. This study uses a qualitative research model. The subjects in this study were the heads of State Vocational school 6 Palembang. The results of this study concluded that entrepreneurial competency of the headmaster of State Vocational school 6 Palembang played an important role in advancing the school. From the results of the Headmasters' entrepreneurial competency indicators in terms of innovative and creative competencies, it shows that Headmasters create new ideas/ideas about school plans and programs. The headmaster of the Palembang 6th State Vocational School cooperates with several industries. The Headmaster's entrepreneurial competency in terms of hard work competency, shows that the headmaster of State Vocational school 6 Palembang is always on time and comes home later than the teacher and staff, never satisfied with the success of the school, and works and is responsible as the Headmaster. The Headmaster's entrepreneurial competency in terms of motivational competency, efforts made such as the frequent holding of seminars with the release of famous entrepreneurs, invites alumni who have succeeded in entrepreneurship and are also given honorariums if these students get a large number of orders so the students become more enthusiastic and motivated. The Headmaster's entrepreneurial competency in terms of abstinence, this shows that when failing activities, the Headmaster builds up and rises to complete, the Headmaster is principled towards good direction for school, the Headmaster is calm and in no hurry to take action, and the Headmaster follows and applies the development of science and technology through the media.
... Regulation of the Minister of National Education of the Republic of Indonesia Number 13 of 2007 requires Entrepreneurship competencies that must be present in a school Headmaster, as follows. According to Hakim (2010) Headmasters who have an entrepreneurial spirit in general have certain goals and expectations outlined in a realistic vision, mission, goals and strategic plans. In essence entrepreneurship in this school does not have to be interpreted as activities that are able to generate profits for the school materially (money) but the productivity of the school as a learning tool for students for the wider community. ...
This study originated from the results of a preliminary study that the Headmaster of State Vocational school (SMK) 6 Palembang has an important role and function in achieving the vision, mission and goals of education. One form of competency development is developing entrepreneurship at State Vocational school 6 Palembang. The purpose of this study was to analyze entrepreneurial competency of the headmaster of State Vocational school 6 Palembang in preparing vocational students for entrepreneurship. This study uses a qualitative research model. The subjects in this study were the heads of State Vocational school 6 Palembang. The results of this study concluded that entrepreneurial competency of the headmaster of State Vocational school 6 Palembang played an important role in advancing the school. From the results of the Headmasters' entrepreneurial competency indicators in terms of innovative and creative competencies, it shows that Headmasters create new ideas/ideas about school plans and programs. The headmaster of the Palembang 6th State Vocational School cooperates with several industries. The Headmaster's entrepreneurial competency in terms of hard work competency, shows that the headmaster of State Vocational school 6 Palembang is always on time and comes home later than the teacher and staff, never satisfied with the success of the school, and works and is responsible as the Headmaster. The Headmaster's entrepreneurial competency in terms of motivational competency, efforts made such as the frequent holding of seminars with the release of famous entrepreneurs, invites alumni who have succeeded in entrepreneurship and are also given honorariums if these students get a large number of orders so the students become more enthusiastic and motivated. The Headmaster's entrepreneurial competency in terms of abstinence, this shows that when failing activities, the Headmaster builds up and rises to complete, the Headmaster is principled towards good direction for school, the Headmaster is calm and in no hurry to take action, and the Headmaster follows and applies the development of science and technology through the media.
... Cultivating the college students' entrepreneurial spirits is believed to be an alternative way out to reduce unemployment because the scholars are expected to become young educated entrepreneurs who can pioneer businesses independently (Suharti and Sirine, 2011). Hakim (2010) found that in average, the students' perceptions of entrepreneurial learning taught by vocational school teachers were relatively sufficient and adequate; however, in terms of presentation and systematics of entrepreneurship materials needed for better sharpening so that the students could absorb the entrepreneurial materials well, this is a consideration to provide continuous materials and practices which should be done by the students in order to have the experience to be used in the real-world business; this can be done through the business incubator programme which should be applied in the school or college. ...
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to produce a business incubator training model for students to form
graduates in order to have competence in the field of entrepreneurship in an effort to reduce high
unemployment.
Design/methodology/approach – The method used in this study was research and development (R&D)
that consisted of the following five stages: first, planning based on the result of initial observation in the field,
second, development of training model, third, validity test model, fourth, limited test and fifth, final model
determination. This research used and involved 12 beauty successful beauty salon entrepreneurs as validator
models of business incubator training management.
Findings – The test results show that the training model developed is effective in forming entrepreneurship
competence of graduates, so it is feasible to be applied in Beauty Education Study Program, Engineering
Faculty of Universitas Negeri Semarang.
Practical implications – The resulted model can be used as a learning model that can develop the skill of
entrepreneurship level for students.
Originality/value – This study provides contribution to the unemployment level decrease and
employment acceleration.
Berdasarkan penelitian awal mengenai kondisi berpikir kritis siswa X TKJ 1 SMK Yabujah Segeran Indramayu dapat diketahui bahwa kemampuan siswa dalam menganalisis, mengevaluasi dan menyimpulkan hasil disertai alasan yang logis belum dilakukan. Penelitian ini menerapkan pembelajaran STEM berbasis PjBL, dimana pada tahapan reflection siswa diberi bahan untuk belajar mandiri, research melakukan riset kecil, discovery menemukan sendiri hasil risetnya, application selanjutnya diterapkan dalam memecahkan masalah, communication akhirnya melaporkan hasil belajarnya. Tujuan penelitian ini menunjukkan pembelajaran tersebut efektif, dan mendiskripsikan capaian sikap entrepreneurship dan berpikir kritis siswa. Indikator berpikir kritis yang digunakan merupakan modifikasi dari indikator berpikir kritis Facione – Angelo, yaitu menginterpretasikan, menganalisis, menerapkan, mengevaluasi dan menyimpulkan hasil disertai bukti pendukung. Penelitian diterapkan mix method. Ruang lingkup penelitian ini adalah siswa di atas. Variabel penelitian ini adalah sikap entrepreneurship, keterampilan berpikir kritis dan kemampuan berpikir kritis. Data diambil dengan observasi, angket, dan tes dan diolah dengan analisis deskriptif dan uji statistik deskriptif serta perhitungan statistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terjadi peningkatan sikap entrepreneurship dan keterampilan berpikir kritis dengan masing-masing skor gain 0,8 dan 0,55 . Berpengaruh positif sebesar 90,2% serta efektif terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis yang ditandai dengan perangkat pembelajaran valid, nilai rata-rata 80,69 yang berarti tuntas KKM dan lebih baik dari kelas control.
This research aims to describe an entrepreneurship education model carried out in the boarding school which includes the process of instilling independent values, the management, and the obstacles during the implementation of education model. This research employed qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach. The participants of this research were the entire stakeholders in Bahrul Maghfiroh Islamic Boarding School Malang. The key informants of this research were the leader of the boarding school, teachers, and the students. The data analysis employed 6P simultaneous stages which include approach, discovery, comprehending, conforming, interpreting, and presenting. The research results show that the implementation of entrepreneurship education which applies double-track education model enables students to prepare them entrepreneurship theory in classroom and allows them to acquire actual practices in carrying out business activities in the real-life context. This model, furthermore, allows students to improve their independent thinking and creativity in carrying out business. However, this program has several obstacles to overcome such as a limited movement of students in accessing technology during the study in the boarding school.
ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the level of understanding of PKK teachers on the characteristics and application of the PjBL model in PKK learning on the construction and property technology expertise program of N SMK in DIY. This research is quantitative descriptive. The method used is a survey with data collection techniques using Guttmann’s model questionnaire. Based on the results of the study, the PKK teacher's level of understanding of the characteristics and application of the PjBL model in PKK learning in the construction and property technology expertise program of DIY Vocational High Schools showed that there were 20 teachers (83.33%) in the "very good" and 4 teachers (16, 67%) "good" category. Overall the level of PKK teacher's understanding of the characteristics and application of the PjBL model in PKK learning in the construction and property technology expertise program of DIY Vocational High Schools was included in the "very good" category with an average observation of 90.5. Keywords : understanding, PjBL model, PKK ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pemahaman guru PKK terhadap karakteristik dan penerapan model PjBL dalam pembelajaran PKK pada program keahlian teknologi konstruksi dan properti SMK N di DIY. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Metode yang digunakan adalah survey dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket model Guttman. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh tingkat pemahaman guru PKK terhadap karakteristik dan penerapan model PjBL dalam pembelajaran PKK pada program keahlian teknologi konstruksi dan properti SMK Negeri se-DIY menunjukkan sebanyak 20 guru (83,33%) kategori “sangat baik” dan 4 guru (16,67%) kategori “baik ” . Secara keseluruhan tingkat pemahaman guru PKK terhadap karakteristik dan penerapan model PjBL dalam pembelajaran PKK pada program keahlian teknologi konstruksi dan properti SMK Negeri se-DIY termasuk kategori “sangat baik” dengan rata-rata observasi sebesar 90,5. Kata kunci: Pemahaman, Model PjBL , PKK
As education systems, Islamic boarding school has several advantages such as teaching religious knowledge, science and various extracurricular activities. Modern Islamic Boarding School of Darussalam GontorInodonesia is a boarding school that has a holistic education system, which is not only educate the academic skill but also educate students in developing entrepreneurship skills. This study aims to determine the effect of joining the business unit to the motivation and ability of entrepreneurship among students. This research used ethnography method with interviews and observations in business units in Darussalam Gontor. The results of this study indicate that Darussalam Gontoris a boarding school which implements 24-hour education system with various activities, such as praying togather, muajjah, learning in class, sports, mahkamatullughohand others. Differences of Darussalam Gontor with other boarding school is because Darussalam Gontor requires senior student to be responsible for business unit, such as Darussalam Press, Wisma Darussalam, La Tansa bookstore and other units. Result of this study shows that after joining the business unit, students become more motivated to develop their own business. Students also get enough knowledge to start a business or become an entrepreneur. The data showed that many alumni who have success become entrepreneurs. The entrepreneur character is heavily influenced by the role of alumni as a student of Darussalam Gontor. The alumni's businesses include production of songkok, ice cream, bookstore, travel agent, garment businessman and others. Keywords: Business unit, education system, entrepreneurship, Islamic boarding school, Islamic education
This study aims for developing students’ worksheet of entrepreneurship-oriented small-scale chemical industry, and investigating the quality of entrepreneurship-oriented small-scale chemical industry that is appropriate to be implemented in learning. This study is classified to research and development which refers to Borg & Gall development model. This research consists of four steps: which are introduction, planning, developing, and product evaluation. The product evaluation was conducted by peers, material and media experts, and chemistry teachers. The data collection instruments used validation sheet of the products. The results show that the developed products are in the form of students’ worksheet of entrepreneurship-oriented small-scale chemical industry, and the result of the assessment by chemistry teachers shows the average assessment is a good category so that this worksheet is feasible to be used in learning.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.