Rumenal acidosis

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pISSN 1598-298X
J Vet Clin 31(3) : 199-205 (2014)
199
Prevalence of Ruminal Lactic Acidosis and Clinical Assessments of Four
Therapeutics in Goats of Bangladesh
Md Mahbubur Rahman*, Mohammad Saiful Islam**, Adam G.O***,
Md Rafiqul Alam**** and Myung-Jo You**1
*Additional Veterinary Surgeon, District Veterinary Hospital, Faridpur, Bangladesh and Department of Surgery and Obstetrics,
Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensing, Bangladesh
**College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-safety Research Centre, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
***Department of Vet. Medicine, Pharmacolgy & Toxicology, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
****Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
(Accepted: January 25, 2014)
Abstract : Acidosis conditions either acute or chronic following ingestion of excessive amounts of readily fermented
carbohydrate are great production problems for goat in Bangladesh. This study designed to investigate the prevalence
of lactic acidosis and then response to different therapeutic agents. For this purpose, 1,128 goat were examined at
outdoor District Veterinary Hospital, Faridpur, Bangladseh for treatment of which 40 goats were found positive for
lactic acidosis showing 3.55% prevalence of disease. The highest occurrence found in female (4.64%) of over 3 years
age (4.64%) in indigenous goat (2.7%). For therapeutic assessment the forty affected goats were divided into four
groups A, B, C and D comprising of 10 animals each. Group A were given magnesium hydroxide 8% w/v at 1 g/
kg body weight orally. In group B magnesium hydroxide 8% w/v at a dose as group A combination with 7.5% sodium
bicarbonate at the rate of 0.9 ml/Kg body weight intravenously administered. Goat in group D were treated with mixture
of ginger, nuxvomica, sodium carbonate, cobalt sulphate, dried ferrous sulphate and thiamin mononitrate at the rate
of 1 g/kg body weight orally. Goat of group C treated with combination drugs of group A, B and D. The rectal
temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate, was performed before and after treatment. It was found that the highest recovery
in group C with an average period of 21 ± 1.8 hours. It was concluded that lactic acidosis is a common disease of
goats and its severity can be effectively reduced by using combination drugs.
Key words :Prevalence, acidosis, goat, therapeutics.
Introduction
Veterinary hospitals and clinics help in understanding the
geographic and environmental source of diseases and their
natural history (8). The goat is the most commercially impor-
tant species of small ruminants to the rural people of Bang-
ladesh. Carbohydrate engorgement is one of the most
commonly encountered gastrointestinal disorders of the goat
(1). The disease is clinically characterized by anorexia, de-
pression, abdominal distension, diarrhea, weakness and inac-
tivity. The disease is commonly encountered due to unin-
tended ingestion of large quantities of cereal grains or their
flour kept for human consumption (12). In clinically affected
animals morbidity rate varies from 10-50 percent and case
mortality in lactic acidosis may reach to 90 percent in
untreated cases whereas it may be 30-40 percent in treated
cases (13). In carbohydrate engorgement, there are abnormal
distension of rumen, lactic acidosis and atony of the rumen
leading to the retention of fermented gases and finally death
of the affected animal (2).
Sodium bicarbonate has been well researched, with the
product having been on the market for the past 40 years. The
ginger has got carminative and antizymotic effects on the
gastrointestinal tract (14). It increases gastric motility and
corpus motor response in human and animals (4). Cobalt is
an essential trace element, which is present in each molecule
of vitamin B12 (18). In the animals and human cobalt is used
to prevent and treat cobalt deficiency and to improve blood
profile (9). The ferrus sulphate has got hematinic effect in the
animal body (18). Thiamine derivatives and thiamine de-
pended enzyme are present in all tissues of the body. Thia-
mine is normally synthesized by the rumen microbes (bacte-
ria, protozoa etc). In carbohydrate engorgement the acidic
rumen pH resulting decrease in the population of rumen
microbes, this ultimately leads to the fall in biosynthesis of
thiamine. The oral administration of thiamine, however,
restores the function of the cells and tissues by replenishing
thiamine deficiency (17).
1Corresponding author.
E-mail :tick@chonbuk.ac.kr

200 Md Mahbubur Rahman, Mohammad Saiful Islam, Adam G.O, Md Rafiqul Alam and Myung-Jo You
Therefore, this clinical study was done to study the follow-
ing objectives-
i) To evaluate therapeutic efficacy of certain drugs alone or
in combination for the treatment of clinical cases of carbohy-
drate engorgement in goats.
ii) To study the Occurrence of clinical cases of carbohy-
drate engorgement in terms of age, sex and breed in goats.
iii) To study the postmortem changes of the carbohydrate
engorgement in this species.
Materials and Methods
This study was conducted to study the effect of various
treatments regimes on clinical cases of carbohydrate en-
gorgement in goats, brought to the District Veterinary Hospi-
tal, Faridpur, Bangladesh. A total of 1, 1,128 goats were
examined at outdoor District Veterinary Hospital, Faridpur,
Bangladseh for treatment of which 40 goats were found pos-
itive for lactic acidosis and treated during study period.
Occurrence of carbohydrate engorgement in goats
The occurrence of carbohydrate engorgement in goats in
terms of age (3 months to less than 1.5 years, between 1.5
and 3 years, and above 3 years), sex (male & female), and
breed indigenous (Black Bengal) goats, Jamunapari and oth-
ers) were recorded during the study period.
Experimental design:
The affected goats (n = 40) were randomly divided into 4
groups (each 10) and were treated with different drugs. The
therapeutic efficacies of drugs were assessed on the basis of
rumen deflatation, return of appetite, rumination, normal def-
ecation, urination and normal posture of the animal.
Group A
Consisted of 10 animals with clinical cases of carbohydrate
engorgement which were administered only Magmil® (100 ml
bottle, Pacific Pharmaceuticals, Bangladesh) containing mag-
nesium hydroxide 8% w/v). The drug was administered orally
1 g/kg body weight orally.
Group B
Also consisted of 10 clinically affected goats with carbohy-
drate engorgement. A combination of two drugs (i) Magmil®
and (ii) Sodib® inj 25 ml vial (Jayson Pharmaceuticals, Bang-
ladesh containing 7.5% sodium bicarbonate). The Magmil®
was administered similar doses with group A and Sodib®
were injected 0.9 ml/kg body weight intravenously.
Group C
Consisted of 10 clinically affected goats with carbohydrate
engorgement. In this group a combination of 3 drugs (i) Mag-
mil® (ii) Sodib® and (iii) Rumenal® 20 g sachet (FnF Pharma-
ceuticals, Bangladesh), which contain ginger, nuxvomica,
sodium carbonate, cobalt sulphate, dried ferrus sulphate and
thiamin mononitrate). The Magmil® and Sodib® were used
similar doses with group A and B. The Rumenal® was
administered orally at the dose rate of one pack per 20 kg
twice daily for two days.
Group D
This group also consisted of 10 clinical cases of carbohy-
drate engorgement which were treated administering only
Rumenal® one pack per 20 kg body weight twice daily for
two days.
Clinical parameters
The respiration rate, pulse rate, rectal temperature and
rumen motility were recorded routinely before the adminis-
tration of drugs and post treatment until recovery. The
progress of recovery of carbohydrate engorgement in ani-
mals in each group was monitored daily. The changes were
recorded in various treatment groups until recovery.
Postmortem findings
The post-mortem examination was performed only in the
animals that died from per acute cases of carbohydrate
engorgement. The gross changes in the different organs were
recorded. The specimen collected included rumen content,
rumen, abomasum, intestine, heart, kidney, liver, lungs etc.
Statistical Analysis
The data were collected, calculated and presented as
mean ± SD. the student’s t-test was done to analyze the data
and p< 0.05 or less was considered as statistically significant.
Results
Occurrence of carbohydrate engorgement
During the study period a total of 1,128 goats were brought
to the District Veterinary Hospital, Faridpur, Bangladseh for
treatment, out of which 40 goats were found to be affected
with carbohydrate engorgement, the occurrence being 3.55%.
The occurrence of carbohydrate engorgement on the
basis of age, sex and breeds of the affected goats
Among the 3 age groups the highest occurrence (4.91%) of
carbohydrate engorgement was observed in the goats over 3
years of age, whereas the lowest occurrence (2.55%) was
recorded in the age group between 3 months to 1.5 years.
The occurrence was 3.04% in age group between 1.5 to 3
years (Table 1). The highest occurrence of carbohydrate
engorgement was recorded in females as 4.64% in compari-
son to that of the males which was recorded as 2.19% (Table
2). Out of 1054 indigenous goats, 38 were affected with car-
bohydrate engorgement, the occurrence being recorded as
3.61%. Among 74 Jamunaprai goats, 2 cases of carbohy-
drate engorgement were recorded. The occurrence was calcu-
lated as 2.7%. The occurrence of carbohydrate engorgement
was higher in the indigenous goats in comparison to that of

Prevalence of Ruminal Lactic Acidosis and Clinical Assessments of Four Therapeutics in Goats of Bangladesh 201
the Jamunaprai goats (Table 2).
Evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of different drugs
In group A, 7 animals recovered in average period of
31.4 ± 4.6 h which represents 70% of animals. In group B, 8
animals out of 10 recovered in average period of 30 ± 4 h
which represents 80% of animals). In group C, 10 animals
out of 10 recovered in average period of 21 ± 1.8 h which
represents 100% of animals. In group D, 5 animals out of 10
recovered in average period of 29 ± 3.4 h which represents
50% of animals (Fig 1).
Clinical parameters
Effects on respiration
The pre-treatment respiration rates in the Magmil®, Mag-
mil®-Sodib® combination, Magmil®-Sodib®-Rumenal® combi-
nation and Rumenal® alone groups were 47.8 ± 10.73, 47.40 ±
5.61, 54.60 ± 5.48 and 57.60 ± 13.32 per min respectively
(Table 3). These values at 24 hours post-treatment decreased
to 43.7 ± 13.91, 37.00 ± 3.64, 40.20 ± 8.02, and 44.22 ± 92 per
min respectively. Respiration rates continued to decrease and
at 48 hours of treatment these values reduced to 34.8 ± 21.67,
35.44 ± 3.00, 35.40 ± 3.17 and 42.25 ± 15.09 per min, respec-
tively. These decreases at various stages of treatment were
significant (p < 0.05) as compared to pre-treatment values.
Effects on heart rate
The heart rates prior to treatment with Magmil®, Magmil®-
Sodib® combination, Magmil®-Sodib®-Rumenal® combination
and Rumenal® alone were 74.00 ± 5.29, 73.00 ± 3.90, 80.20 ±
12.88, 80.20 ± 9.77 per min, respectively (Table 4). These
values at 24 hours post-treatment decreased to 70.70 ± 7.13,
66.44 ± 4.187, 67.30 ± 5.29 and 70.22 ± 11.82 per min, respec-
tively (Table 4). Heart rates continued to decrease and after
48 hours of treatment these values decreased to 68.71 ± 5.78,
66.89 ± 3.33, 65.89 ± 4.76 and 68.00 ± 11.22 per min respec-
tively. These changes at various stages of treatment were sig-
nificant (p < 0.05) when compared with the pre-treatment
values.
Table 1. Occurrence of carbohydrate engorgement in goats of different age groups
Age groups No. of goats surveyed No. of animals affected
with carbohydrate engorgement Occurrence (%)
3 months to 1.5 years 314 8 2.55
Between 1.5 and 3 years 427 13 3.04
More than 3 years 387 19 4.91
Total mean 1128 40 3.55
Table 2. The occurrence of carbohydrate engorgement on the basis of sex and breed variation
Parameters Specific parameter No. of goats surveyed No. of clinical cases of
carbohydrate engorgement Occurrence (%)
Sex Male 503 11 2.19
Female 625 29 4.64
Breed Indigenous 1054 38 3.61
Jamunapari 74 2 2.70
Table 3. Effects of various drugs on respiration rate during carbohydrate engorgement affected goats (n = 40)
Groups Drugs Before treatment
‘0’ hour
After treatment
24 hours 48 hours 72 hours
A (n = 10) Magmil®047.8 ± 10.737 043.7 ± 13.913 034.8 ± 21.678* 034.6 ± 21.864*
B (n = 10) Magmil®+ Sodib® 47.40 ± 5.621 37.00 ± 3.640 35.44 ± 3.005 35.67 ± 2.872*
C (n = 10) Magmil®+ Sodib®+ Rumenal®54.60 ± 5.48 40.20 ± 8.02 35.40 ± 3.17* 35.30 ± 2.95*
D (n = 10) Rumenal®. 57.60 ± 13.327 44.22 ± 13.92 42.25 ± 15.09 37.00 ± 2.89*
Fig 1. Recovery period (hours) of carbohydrate engorgemen
t
treated with different drugs A, B, C and D. before and afte
r
treatment, A: Magmil® (magnesium hydroxide 8% w/v), B:
Magmil®-Sodib® (7.5% sodium bicarbonate) C: Magmil®-Sodib®-
Rumenal® D: Rumenal® (mixture of ginger, nuxvomica, sodium
carbonate, cobalt sulphate, dried ferrus sulphate and thiamin
mononitrate).

202 Md Mahbubur Rahman, Mohammad Saiful Islam, Adam G.O, Md Rafiqul Alam and Myung-Jo You
Effects on rectal temperature
The rectal temperature prior to treatment with Magmil®,
Magmil®-Sodib® combination, Magmil®-Sodib®-Rumenal® com-
bination and Rumenal® alone were 102.47 ± 1.05, 101.95 ±
1.23, 102.47 ± 1.61 and 103.07 ± 1.318oF, respectively (Table
5). At 24 hours post-treatment these values deceased to
102.44 ± 0.80, 101.87 ± 0.59, 101.72 ± 0.92 and 102.39 ±
0.95oF respectively. Rectal temperature continued to normal
and at 48 hours of treatment these values were recorded as
102.21 ± 1.22, 102.08 ± 0.46, 102.16 ± 0.51 and 102.39 ±
0.95oF, respectively. However, the changes in the rectal tem-
perature were no statistically significant (p > 0.05).
Effects on rumen motility
The pre-treatment rumen motility rates with Magmil®,
Magmil®-Sodib® combination, Magmil®-Sodib®-Rumenal® com-
bination and Rumenal® alone were 0.47 ± 0.05, 0.47 ± 0.06,
0.47 ± 0.05 and 0.48 ± 0.05 per min, respectively (Table 6).
These values at 24 hours post-treatment increased to 0.49 ±
0.08, 0.57 ± 0.07, 1.46 ± 0.05 and 1.32 ± 0.37 per min re-
spectively. Rumen motility rate continued to increase and at
48 hours of treatment these values increased to 1.33 ± 0.39,
1.46 ± 0.05, 1.47 ± 0.04 and 1.33 ± 0.37 per min, respec-
tively. These increases at various stages of treatment were
significant (p < 0.05) as compared to pre-treatment control
values.
Postmortem findings
The post mortem was done in the peracute cases of carbo-
hydrate engorgement affected goats. The goats were brought
to the District Veterinary Hospital, Faridpur, Bangladesh for
treatment and died of the diseases before giving any treat-
ment. The gross changes in the rumen, rumen content, retic-
ulum, intestine, heart, lungs, liver and kidney were recorded.
Undigested rice and paddy were found in the rumen content
Table 4. Effects of various drugs on heart rate in carbohydrate engorgement affected goats (n = 40)
Groups Drugs Before treatment
‘0’ hour
After treatment
24 hours 48 hours 72 hours
A (n = 10) Magmil®74.00 ± 5.292 70.70 ± 7.134 68.71 ± 5.794 68.86 ± 6.414*
B (n = 10) Magmil®+ Sodib®73.00 ± 3.801 66.44 ± 4.187 66.89 ± 3.333 66.22 ± 2.774*
C (n = 10) Magmil®+ Sodib®+ Rumenal®. 80.20 ± 12.88 67.30 ± 5.29 65.80 ± 4.76* 65.90 ± 4.46*
D (n = 10) Rumenal®. 80.20 ± 9.773 70.22 ± 11.82 68.00 ± 11.22 64.86 ± 5.79*
Ta b l e 5 . Effects of various drugs on rectal temperature in Carbohydrate engorgement affected goats (n =40)
Groups Drugs Before treatment
‘0’ hour
After treatment
24 hours 48 hours 72 hours
A (n = 10) Magmil®102.47 ± 1.058 102.44 ± 0.809 102.21 ± 1.222 102.43 ± 1.163
B (n = 10) Magmil®+ Sodib®101.95 ± 1.235 101.87 ± 0.596 102.08 ± 0.460 102.06 ± 0.464
C (n = 10) Magmil®+ Sodib®+ Rumenal®. 102.47 ± 1.61 101.72 ± 0.92 102.16 ± 0.51 102.26 ± 0.47
D (n = 10) Rumenal®. 103.07 ± 1.318 102.40 ± 0.87 102.39 ± 0.95 102.09 ± 0.52
Ta b l e 6 . Effects of various drugs on rumen motility in carbohydrate engorged goats (n =40)
Groups Drugs Before treatment
‘0’ hour
After treatment
24 hours 48 hours 72 hours
A (n = 10) Magmil®0.47 ± 0.05 0.49 ± 0.08 1.33 ± 0.39* 1.33 ± 0.40*
B (n = 10) Magmil®+ Sodib®0.47 ± 0.06 0.57 ± 0.07 1.46 ± 0.05* 1.49 ± 0.03*
C (n = 10) Magmil®+ Sodib®+ Rumenal®. 0.47 ± 0.05 1.46 ± 0.05 1.47 ± 0.04* 1.47 ± 0.03*
D (n = 10) Rumenal®. 0.48 ± 0.05 1.32 ± 0.37 1.33 ± 0.37* 1.48 ± 0.03*
Fig 2. The post mortem was done in the peracute cases of car-
bohydrate engorgement affected goats. (A) Presence of undi-
gested rice in rumen content, (B) Congestion in liver, (C) Severe
congestion in kidney, D: Severe congestion and hemorrhage in
lungs, (E) Congestion and reddish discoloration of intestine and
F: Severe congestion in omasum.

Prevalence of Ruminal Lactic Acidosis and Clinical Assessments of Four Therapeutics in Goats of Bangladesh 203
(Fig 2A). The rumen was filled with fluid. Severe conges-
tion and patechial hemorrhage were found in the liver (Fig
2B), kidney (Fig 2C), lungs (Fig 2D), intestine (Fig 2E) and
omasum (Fig 2F).
Discussion
During the study period a total of 1,128 goats were brought
to the District Veterinary Hospital, Faridpur, Bangladesh out
of which 40 goats were affected with carbohydrate engorge-
ment, the occurrence being recorded as 3.55%. The highest
(4.91%) and the lowest (2.55%) occurrence were recorded in
the animals of the aged group more than 3 years and less
than 1.5 years, respectively. These findings are in agreement
with the report of Blood and Johnston (2). The highest occur-
rence of the disease in the aged goats may be associated with
weak digestion capability, larger volume of the rumen and
voluminous ingesta as compared to that of the young ani-
mals. In this study the highest occurrence of the disease was
observed in the females (4.64%) in comparison to that of the
males (2.19%), which is similar to the report of Jani et al
(10). In our country context the meat of the male goats is
preferred to that of the females. That is why the male goats
are very often slaughtered for different purposes, resulting in
the decrease the population of the male goats in comparison
to that of the female goats. On the other hand, the female
goats are usually reared for production purpose. During preg-
nancy and immediately after parturition the females need
increased amount of nutritional demand. Therefore, during
these periods they may take indiscriminately larger volume
of carbohydrate rich feed. These might explain why the
occurrence of carbohydrate engorgement is found to be
higher in the females in comparison to that of the male goats.
The carbohydrate engorgement was recorded more in the
indigenous goats (3.61%) in comparison to that of the Jamu-
napari and other breeds (2.70%). These findings cannot be
compared and contrasted because of the lack of the similar
reports. However, the increased occurrence of the disease in
the indigenous goats may be due to the higher population in
comparison to the other breeds of goats.
The recovery percentage of carbohydrate engorgement was
higher in case of drugs used in combination, Magmil®+
Sodib®+Rumenal
® (100%), and Magmil®+ Sodib® (90%),
respectively in comparison to the drugs used alone Magmil®
(60%) and Rumenal® (70%). The commonly used oral antac-
ids in veterinary practice include relatively non-absorbable
salts of aluminum, calcium or magnesium. The antacids in-
crease pH of the ruminal contents through neutralization of
gastric acids. The Magmil® contains magnesium hydroxide
8% w/v. In ruminants 20% of the oral dose of magnesium
can be absorbed. Magnesium hydroxide has potent alkaliniz-
ing effect on rumen pH (15). In ruminant, magnesium
hydroxide is generally used to increase rumen pH and as a
laxative/purgative which helps to evacuate the rumen con-
tents in case of rumen engorgement, rumen acidosis, grain
overload rumen impaction etc. The Magmil® used in this
study helps to recovery from carbohydrate engorgement
through increasing the rumen pH and evacuating the rumen
contents through increased vowel movement.
Increased blood pH and metabolic acidosis also observed
in carbohydrate engorgement which needs to be neutralized.
The Sodib® (7.5% sodium bicarbonate) used to neutralize the
blood pH in this study. Suzuki K et al (16) also used sodium
bicarbonate to neutralize metabolic acidosis in carbohydrate
engorgement.
The Rumenal® contains ginger, nuxvomica, sodium bicar-
bonate, cobalt sulphate, dried ferrous sulphate and thiamine
mononitrate. The nuxvomica has similar tonic effects with
strychnine on the gastric mucous membrane. It stimulates
vasomotor and motor centre in the cord, increasing the activ-
ity of the circulation and promoting general systemic tone.
The ginger has good carminative and antizymotic effects on
the gastrointestinal tract (14). It increases gastric motility and
corpus motor response in human and animals (4). Cobalt is
an essential trace element, which is present in each molecule
of vitamin B12 (18). In the animals and human cobalt is used
to prevent and treat cobalt deficiency and to improve blood
profile (9). The ferrous sulphate has got hematinic effect in
the animal body (18). Thiamine derivatives and thiamine
depended enzyme are present in all tissues of the body. The
deficiency of which seems to adversely affect various sys-
tems. However, the nervous system and cardiovascular sys-
tem are particularly sensitive to thiamine deficiency, because
of their high oxidative metabolism. Thiamine is normally
synthesized by the rumen microbes (bacteria, protozoa etc).
In carbohydrate engorgement the acidic rumen pH resulting
decrease in the population of rumen microbes, this ulti-
mately leads to the fall in biosynthesis of thiamine. The oral
administrations of thiamine, however, restore the function of
the cells and tissues by replenishing thiamine deficiency (17).
The increased respiratory rate recorded during the pre-
treatment period in carbohydrate engorgement may be due to
metabolic and respiratory acidosis, which became normal
during post-treatment period, because of buffering effect of
sodium bicarbonate and other drugs (13).
The significantly increased (p < 0.05) heart rate recorded
on the pre-treatment period and became gradually normal,
during the post treatment period. In carbohydrate engorge-
ment, metabolic acidosis activates sympathetic nervous sys-
tem and causes trachycardia (13). The oral and iv adminis-
tration of sodium bicarbonate has buffering effects that neu-
tralizes acidosis and restore the blood and ruminal pH , lead-
ing to the decrease in the heart rate (6).
In this study there was no significant change in the rectal
temperature, during the pre-treatment and post-treatment peri-
ods. However, in some cases subnormal temperature was
recorded during pretreatment period, which become normal
after post-treatment. The fall in the temperature might be due
to the absorption of endotoxin in the circulation in case of
carbohydrate engorgement (5). This finding is in agreement

204 Md Mahbubur Rahman, Mohammad Saiful Islam, Adam G.O, Md Rafiqul Alam and Myung-Jo You
with the previous reports of the Blood and Johnston.
Usually the rumen motility becomes decreased or ceased
completely in carbohydrate engorgement. This is due to mus-
cle atony resulting from the depression of sympathetic and
sympathomymetic ganglion. The drugs and combination of
drugs used in this study contains several constituent which
have buffering and sympathomymetic effects (Sodium bicar-
bonate, nuxvomica, magnesium hydroxide etc). These drugs
help to re-established the rumen motility through restoration
of the intraruminal and metabolic acidosis (7).
Congestion in the rumen and intestinal wall was recorded.
The rumen wall also demonstrated patchy mucosal desqua-
mation. These changes might result from exerts corrosive
action of the rumen wall and this may cause sloughing of
mucous membrane (11). There is protrusion and congestion
of the tongue, marked congestion and haemorrhages of
lymph nodes to the head and neck, epicardium and upper res-
piratory tract, friable kidneys. The lungs are compressed and
there is congestion and haemorrhage of the cervical portion
of the oesophagus but the thoracic portion of the oesophagus
is pale and blanched (13). Usually, the liver is pale because
of displaced blood and interruption of blood supply (3,13).
The rumen and exfoliation of the cornified epithelium of the
rumen with marked congestion of submucosal tissues (13).
It was concluded that lactic acidosis is a common disease
of goats and its severity can be effectively reduced by using
magnesium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate and mixture of
ginger, nuxvomica, sodium carbonate, cobalt sulphate, dried
ferrous sulphate and thiamin mononitrate.
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Prevalence of Ruminal Lactic Acidosis and Clinical Assessments of Four Therapeutics in Goats of Bangladesh 205
방글라데시 염소에서 유산증의 분포 및 4가지 치료법의 임상적 적용
Md Mahbubur Rahman*,****·Mohammad Saiful Islam**·Adam G.O***·Md Rafiqul Alam****·유명조**1
*방글라데시 지역동물병원 수의외과, **전북대학교 수의과대학
***수단대학 수의약리독성학교실, ****방글라데시 농업대학 수의외과학교실
요약:쉽게 발효되는 탄수화물의 과도한 양의 섭취에 따른 급성 또는 만성의 산증은 방글라데시에서 염소의 생산성
문제로 나타나고 있다 . 본 연구는 유산증의 분포와 다른 치료제간의 반응을 조사하였다 . 본 연구를 위해 , 야외 지역 동
물 병원, Faridpur, Bangladseh에서 조사 한 1,128마리의 염소가 검사 되었으며 , 그 중 40마리의 염소 (3.55%의 분포율)
가 유산증에 대해 양성으로 확인되었다. 토종 염소 (2.7%)에서는 3 년 이상된 연령 (4.64%)의 암컷 (4.64%)에서 가장
높은 발병을 보였다 . 40마리 염소의 치료 평가를 위해서 염소는 그룹당 10마리씩 4개의 그룹 A, B, C와 D로 분류 하
였다. 그룹 A는 경구, 8% 수산화 마그네슘 (v/w)을 체중 1g/kg으로 경구 투여 하였다 . 그룹 B에서는 그룹 A와 같은 량
의 8% 수산화 마그네슘에 더하여 체중 0.9 ml/kg 비율로 7.5%의 중탄산 나트륨을 정맥 내 투여 하였다 . 그룹 D에서
염소는 생강, nuxvomica, 탄산나트륨, 황산 코발트 , 분말 형태의 황산제1철 과 티아민 질산염의 혼합물을 1g/kg 체중
의 비율로 경구 투여하였다. 그룹 C의 염소는 그룹 A, B와 D의 조합 약물로 치료하였다 . 각 그룹은 치료 전후에 직
장 온도, 맥박수 , 호흡 수를 검사하였다. 평균 21 ± 1.8 시간으로 그룹 C가 가장 높은 회복률을 보였다 . 결론적으로 유
산증은 염소에서 흔한 질병이며 치료효과는 약물의 조합을 통해서 효과적으로 증상을 감소 시킬 수 있었다.
주요어 : Prevalence, acidosis, goat, therapeutics