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Effect of chyawanprash on cognitive, autonomic and respiratory parameters in college students

September 2014
International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 5(4):435-438

DOI:10.7897/2277-4343.05489

Authors:

Sai Sailesh Kumar Goothy

NRI Group of Institutions, Bhopal

Archana Rajagopalan

Annai Medical College, Rajalakshmi Health City Dr.MGR Medical University

Soumya Mishra

Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences

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Chyawanprash is an Ayurvedic formulation used in India since ages for its medicinal and nutritional value. In Ayurveda, chyawanprash is classified under the category of Rasayana, which is useful for general wellbeing, vitality and help in delaying ageing process. Though, there are few studies available on the usefulness of chyawanprash in the cognitive functions however, studies on management of dementia in human beings are still inadequate. In the light of this, the present study was undertaken to explore the memory boosting potential of chyawanprash. 128 healthy college students (75 females and 53 males) were recruited from the students of various courses conducted in Little Flower Institute of Medical Sciences and Research. Chyawanprash was given orally in a dose of one teaspoon full (appox. 15 g) twice a day for 150 successive days to the subjects in the test group. On the basis of the study it may be concluded that chyawanprash is helpful in improving of cognition i.e. alertness, attention and concentration; well being and the academic performance for college students. Therefore, regular use of chyawanprash has a potential to build up academic performance of students.

Mean values of free recall of words, numbers and pictures in six rounds before administration of chyawanprash in both the groups

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Mean values of Blood Pressure, Pulse rate and Po2 in control and test groups before administration of chyawanprash in both the groups

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Kumar Sai Sailesh et al / Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. 5(4), Jul - Aug 2014

435

Research Article

www.ijrap.net

EFFECT OF CHYAWANPRASH ON COGNITIVE, AUTONOMIC AND RESPIRATORY PARAMETERS IN

COLLEGE STUDENTS

Kumar Sai Sailesh1, Archana R2, Soumya Mishra3, Symphoria4, Mukkadan JK5*

1Little Flower Medical Research Centre (LFMRC), Angamaly, Kerala, India

2Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, Saveetha Medical College, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

3Senior resident, Department of Physiology, JIPMER, Pondichery, India

4Vice Principal, St James College of Nursing, Chalakudi, Kerala, India

5Research Director and PhD Guide, Little Flower Medical Research Centre, Angamaly, Kerala, India

Received on: 24 /05/14 Revised on: 27/07/14 Accepted on: 22/08/14

*Corresponding author

Dr. Mukkadan JK, Research Director and PhD Guide, Little Flower Medi cal Research Centre, Angamaly, Kerala, India

E-mail: drmukkadan@gmail.com

DOI: 10.7897/2277-4343.05489

ABSTRACT

Chyawanprash is an Ayurvedic formulation used in India since ages for its medicinal and nutriti onal value. In Ayurveda, chyawanprash is cl assified

under the cat egory of Rasayana, which is useful for general wellbeing, vitality and help in delaying ageing process.. Though, there are few studies

available on the usefulness of chyawanprash in the cognitive functions however, studies on management of dementia in human beings are still

inadequate. In the light of this, the present study was undertaken to explore the memory boosting potential of chyawanprash. 128 healt hy college

students (75 females and 53 males) were recruited from the students of various courses conducted in Little Flower Institute of Medical Sciences and

Research. Chya wanprash was given orally in a dose of one teaspoon full (appox. 15 g) twice a day for 150 successive days to the subject s in the test

group. On the basis of the study it may be concluded that chyawanprash is helpful in improving of cognition i.e. alertness, at tention and concentration;

well being and the academic performance for college students. Therefore, regular use of chyawanprash has a potential to build up academic

performance of students.

Keywords: Chyawanprash, Cognition, College students.

INTRODUCTION

Learning is an enduring change in behavior that results

from sensory information. Memory is the acquisition,

storage and retrieval of sensory information.1 From

physiological point of view, memory is divided into

explicit and implicit forms.2 Working or short-term

memory, also known as primary memory, registers and

retains incoming information for a short time (matter of

seconds) after its input.3 Long term memory is a function

of neo-cortex. Alzheimer’s disease is most common

neuro-degenerative disorder affecting memory areas.3

There are various herbs and Ayurvedic formulations

which are well documented to have memory boosting

actions. Chyawanprash is an Ayurvedic formulation used

in India since ages for its medicinal and nutritional value.

In Ayurveda, chyawanprash is classified under the

category of Rasayana, which is useful for general

wellbeing, vitality and help in delaying ageing process4-5.

It is being used long before the clinical importance of

vitamins, minerals and antioxidants was known.

Chyawanprash is a complex mixture of multiple

Ayurvedic ingredients. The health benefits of the

ingredients have been well documented scientifically. The

combination of these ingredients used in Chyawanprash

will provide better health benefits. In addition to the other

health benefits, it is helpful in promoting digestion and

helps relieve cough and other common respiratory tract

infections6- 9.

Aim and objective

Though, there are few studies available on the usefulness

of chyawanprash in the cognitive functions however,

studies on management of dementia in human beings are

still inadequate. In the light of this, the present study was

undertaken to explore the memory boosting potential of

chyawanprash.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Chyawanprash (Chy)

Zandu Sona Chandi Chyawanprash Plus was used in the

present study, which was manufactured by Hemma herbs

Pvt Ltd, India, licensed user of Emami Ltd, Kolkata,

India.

Study design and participants

The study was approved by Institutional Ethics

Committee of Little Flower Hospital and Research

Centre, Angamaly and St James Nursing College,

Chalakudy, India. A written, informed consent was

obtained from all the participants. The study was carried

out in accordance with the “Ethical Guidelines for

Biomedical Research on Human Participants, 2006” by

the Indian Council of Medical Research and the

Declaration of Helsinki, 2008. The clinical study was

conducted at Little Flower Medical Research Centre,

Angamaly and St. James College of Nursing, Chalakudy,

Kerala, India. 128 healthy college students (75 females

and 53 males) were recruited from the students of various

courses conducted in Little Flower Institute of Medical

Sciences and Research. The subjects were recruited via

advertisement on notice-boards. The advertisements

includes the information that the relationship between the

Chyawanprash and health benefits. A detailed medical

history was obtained from all participants by a semi-

Kumar Sai Sailesh et al / Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. 5(4), Jul - Aug 2014

436

structured interview and by filling out a general socio-

demographic and medical questionnaire and they

underwent a standard physiological examination, which

enabled us to exclude individuals involved in

drug/alcohol abuse, and those taking any kind of

prolonged medication or suffering from chronic

debilitating disorders. The willing participants were

randomized into Control (n = 53) (35 females and 18

males) and test group (n = 75) (40 females and 35 males)

by simple randomization method using random numbers

generated through computer. Chyawanprash was given

orally in a dose of one teaspoon full (appox. 15 g) twice a

day for 150 successive days to the subjects in the test

group.

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

Inclusion criteria

Students with normal average height and weight and

without any major diseases were included in the study.

Exclusion criteria

Students with any serious diseases, not willing to give

consent, drug/alcohol abuse, suffering from Chronic

debilitating disorders and taking prolonged medication

were excluded from the study.

Cognitive Parameters

Short term memory

Short term memory performance reflects alertness,

attention and concentration of the subjects. In this study to

observe the cognitive functions, free- recall task of words,

numbers and pictures in six sessions were performed10-11.

These test parameters were earlier been studied in one of

the study conducted to see the difference in short term

memory in healthy males and females12. On day 0 before

the administration of chyawanprash, this task was

performed in both control and test groups. From day 1,

one teaspoon full of chyawanprash twice a day was given

orally to test group for 150 days. On 151st day, the task

was performed. The results were compared to observe

memory boosting effect of chyawanprash. At the

beginning plain paper was given to all the subjects in

which they were asked to write their age, sex and any

history of cognitive disorder or head injury. To test the

short-term memory of the subjects, six sessions were

planned. First three sessions were prepared with ten

words, numbers and pictures. In the first session a list of

ten words were displayed. Ten words were carefully

selected to ensure that they were unrelated. In second

session, ten random numbers were displayed; and in third

session, ten pictures were displayed which are unrelated.

The subjects were asked to recall the displayed words,

numbers and pictures. Numbers of the correct items

recalled were measured. In each session, ten words,

numbers and pictures were displayed to all the subjects

for one minute and one minute break was given where

words or numbers or pictures are not displayed and

discussions was done with the subjects about the sports

and politics to prevent them to recall the words. After this

one minute break, in each session all the subjects were

provided with one minute time to write the words,

numbers and name of the pictures displayed on a paper.

Similarly, the last three sessions were prepared with

twenty words, numbers and pictures in each session and

similar technique was followed. At the end of each

session, papers were collected from the participants.

Academic Performance

Performance of students in theory examinations was

compared between test and control groups at the end of

the study.

Autonomic and Respiratory Parameters

Blood pressure, pulse rate were measured and compared

between test and control groups. Po2 was recorded by

Pulse oximetry13. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20.0, using

Independent sample t test.

RESULTS

The results of effect of chyawanprash on cognitive,

autonomic and respiratory parameters in college students

are presented in Table 1 to Table 5. Table 1 showing

demographic information and Table 2 to 5 showing

changes in cognition, autonomic, respiratory parameters

before and after administration of chyawanprash. Figure 1

showing comparison of academic performance between

control and test groups.

Table 1: Mean age of t he subjects in control and test groups

Group

Number of participants

Age

Control

19.56 ± 1.59

Test

19.68 ± 1.53

Total

128

19.63 ± 1.55

Table 2: Mean values of free recall of words, numbers and pictures in six rounds before administratio n of chyawanprash in both the groups

Round number (Short te rm memory test)

Control

Test

p value

Round 1 (10 words)

8.62 ± 1.03

7.84 ± 1.25

< 0.001*

Round 2 (10 numbers)

7.52 ± 1.69

6.99 ± 1.59

0.073

Round 3 (10 pictures)

8.54 ± 0.64

9.01 ± 0.60

< 0.001*

Round 4 (20 words)

14.83 ± 1.88

14.71 ± 1.75

0.713

Round 5 (20 numbers)

15.25 ± 2.76

15.01 ± 2.07

0.584

Round 6 (20 pictures)

17.04 ± 2.19

17.07 ± 1.90

0.938

*P value < 0.001 i s statistically significant

Kumar Sai Sailesh et al / Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. 5(4), Jul - Aug 2014

437

Table 3: Mean values of Blood Pressure, Pulse rate and Po2 in control and test groups before administration of chyawanprash in

both the groups

Parameter

Control

Test

p value

Po2

96.64 ± 2.71

95.55 ± 2.79

0.030

Pulse rate

93.42 ± 7.17

87.59 ± 13.28

0.005

Systolic Blood Pressure

132.29 ± 19.09

125.57 ± 18.64

0.050

Diastolic Blood Pressure

79.37 ± 11.26

77.32 ± 11.99

0.335

P value < 0.001 is statistically significant

Table 4: Mean values of free recall of words, numbers and pictures in six rounds after administratio n of chyawanprash

Round number (short te rm memory test)

Control

Test

p value

Round 1 (10 words)

8.32 ± 1.28

9.35 ± 0.90

< 0.001*

Round 2 (10 numbers)

6.74 ± 1.67

7.80 ± 1.84

0.001

Round 3 (10 pictures)

8.08 ± 2.25

9.36 ± 0.99

< 0.001*

Round 4 (20 words)

15.13 ± 2.65

17.58 ± 2.03

< 0.001*

Round 5 (20 numbers)

14.49 ± 2.85

15.69 ± 2.83

0.020

Round 6 (20 pictures)

15.74 ± 2.55

18.93 ± 1.33

< 0.001*

*P value < 0.001 i s statistically significant

Table 5: Mean values of BP, Pulse rate and Po2 in control and test groups after chyawanprash administration

Variable

Control

Test

p value

Po2

95.62 ± 4.12

97.07 ± 2.47

0.015

Pulse rate

86.94 ± 8.04

85.07 ± 8.51

0.213

Systolic Blood Pressure

127.60 ± 13.26

118.76 ± 10.74

< 0.001*

Diastolic Blood Pressure

76.98 ± 7.43

73.70 ± 8.71

0.028

*P value < 0.001 i s statistically significant

Table 6: Mean values of academic performance (pe rcentage of marks in theory examinations) i n control and test groups

Variable

Control

Test

p value

Academic performance

46.45±14.69

61.64±11.72

<0.001

P value <0.001: statistically significant

DISCUSSION

According to the Charaka Samhita, Chyawanprash is "the

foremost of all rasayanas"14. Various plants and their

isolated phytochemicals have been used for treatment of

various disorders related to learning and memory15.

Chyawanprash is a traditional Ayurvedic formulation,

useful for general wellbeing, vitality, vigor and for

rejuvenation. In an earlier study, administration of

chyawanprash for 15 consecutive days significantly

improved the memory of aged mice when compared to

young mice. Chyawanprash increases cholinergic

transmission by inhibiting acetylcholineesterase. It also

decreases free radical generation and increased

scavenging of free radicals.16 In the present study,

chyawanprash was administered to 75 college students

and their cognition i.e. alertness, attention and

concentration and respiratory parameters were recorded

before and after administration. It has been observed that

their cognition improved significantly when compared

with control group in recall task of words, number and

picture. The vitals such as blood pressure, pulse,

oxygenation were also recorded which were within

normal range. Their academic performance in percentage

of marks in theory examination was significantly

improved when compared with control group. Zandu

Sona Chandi Chyawanprash Plus is enriched with natural

nootropic agents (NNA) like Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri),

Shankhapushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis), Ashwagandha

(Withania somnifera), Jyotishmati (Celastrus

paniculatus), Almond (Prunus amygdatus), Guduchi

(Tinospora cordifolia) etc along with other potential

Ayurvedic ingredients. It is being prepared from multiple

Ayurvedic ingredients majority of which help in

fortifying the natural immunity, thus protecting from

common day to day infection such as cough and cold.

Besides immunity, presence of NNA helps in improving

memory, concentration and in keeping the mind alert.

CONCLUSION

Basis the study it may be concluded that chyawanprash is

helpful in improving cognition i.e. alertness, attention and

concentration; well being and the academic performance

for college students. Therefore, regular use of

chyawanprash has a potential to build up academic

performance of students.

ACKNOWLEDGEME NT

We acknowledge with thanks to E mami Limited, Kolkata, India for their

support to provide free samples of Zandu Sona Chandi Chyawanprash

Plus for study. We also acknowledge the students of St. James College

of Nursing and Little Flower Institute of Medical Sciences, Angamaly,

India for their acti ve participation and support.

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Cite this article as:

Kumar Sai Sailesh, Archana R, Soumya Mishra, Symphoria, Mukkadan

JK. Effect of Chyawanprash on cognitive, autonomic and respiratory

parameters in college students. Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm.

2014;5(4):435-438 http://dx.doi.org/10.7897 /2277-4343.05489

Source of support: Nil, Conflict of interest: None Declared

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Full-text available

Nov 2020

Background: COVI9-19 is a global pandemic tightening its grip across the globe. Different systems of medicine are doing rigorous works in finding out ways to combat the SARS-CoV-2. Researches and previous pandemics have demonstrated the potential of Traditional systems like Ayurveda in managing viral infections. Aim: To explore the scientific rationale behind the AYUSH-Ayurveda guidelines and its possibility in prophylaxis or Management or post-infection rehabilitation against COVID 19. Materials and Methods: Ayurveda classics were searched for relatable pathogenesis, treatment, preventive and dietary advice. An electronic search was done in PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, and PMC using specific keywords related to AYUSH guidelines, and the data were evaluated. Result: The data from Ayurveda classics and studies from electronic databases evidenced the possible potential of the AYUSH-Ayurveda guideline in the management strategy of COVID-19. The results suggest that the guidelines take cares of multiple domains like-providing the first line of defence at the portal of entry (nasal oil installation, oil pulling, and steam inhalation); Measures to prevent mental stressors through Yoga, Pranayama, and meditation practice; Measures to maintain GUT-LUNG Axis homeostasis (Drinking Hot water & Spice usage in food and beverages) and immune modulation through Rasayana (rejuvenators) like Chyavanprasha. All the guidelines focus on improving the immune response of the host which is necessary during pandemic times. Conclusion: The current review establishes the four domains of probable action of AYUSH Ayurveda guidelines. The cost-effective, simple and time tested practices may be a possible way of integration along with the present social distancing norms and existing Government strategies in the fight against COVID-19. The potential of Ayurveda can also play a pivotal role in flattening the curve by modulation of the host immune system.

Chyavanprash: Choice of Drug for immunity boosting and health supplements during COVID -19 pandemic

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2020

Chyavanprash a known Ayurvedic formulation formulated by sage Chyavan to impart youth, charm, strength & prolonged life. It is very much valued for possessing numerous health benefits with respect to the preventive, curative and promotive aspects of health. Chyavanprash can be consumed throughout the year. Several scientific evidences support its wholesome and safe healthy tonic status that is favorable for all age groups and genders alike. In modern days, it has gained mammoth popularity throughout the world. CP is prepared with Amalaki (Emblica officinalis) as a prime drug with other nutrient rich herbs help to preserve stamina, strength and vitality. Various pre clinical (in vivo & in vitro), Experimental, Analytical and clinical studies conducted on CP and its individual components revealed its various pharmacological activities most of which are suggestive of immunity enhancer and health supplements. Hence an attempt is made in the present paper to find out and explore the scientific evidences based on therapeutic potential of CP with respect to immunity and health supplements and make evidences available to the common people to combat the COVID-19 menace effectively.

Chapter 14. Ayurvedic Formulations and Their Clinical Uses

Chapter

Nov 2022

Ayurvedic Medicine, or Ayurveda, is a traditional Indian health care system. Research into the medicinal plants utilised in Ayurveda is becoming a global endeavour, and large pharmaceutical companies are investing in novel drug discovery from Ayurvedic sources as a number of clinical studies have demonstrated efficacy of natural products from Ayurvedic plant extracts against common ailments such as arthritis and diabetes. Ayurvedic medicine and its components have been well described in the past, but this book represents a comprehensive source on the biochemistry and mechanisms of the pharmacological effects of natural products from Ayurvedic sources. This book is a valuable resource for researchers in natural products and alternative sources of bioactive compounds in drug discovery, as well as pharmaceutical experts and those in industry.

Role of Rasayana in Prevention of COVID-19 - A Review

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2020

The “Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)” is caused by “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)”, a newly discovered member of the Coronaviridae family of viruses which is a highly communicable. There is no effective medical treatment till date for Coronavirus disease hence prevention is the best way to keep disease away. Rasayana proved to be highly efficacious and cost effective for the Prevention and Control of viral infections when vaccines and standard therapies are lacking. Rasayana Chikitsa is one of the eight branches of Ashtanga Ayurveda which helps to maintain healthy life style. Rasayana improves immunity and performs many vital functions of human body. Vyadhikshamatva that is immune mechanism of the body is involved in Prevention of the occurrence of a new disease and it also decreases the virulence and progression of an existing disease. In COVID-19 the Respiratory system mainly get affected which is evident from its symptoms like cold, cough and breathlessness. Here the drugs help in enhancing immune system and strengthening functions of Respiratory system can be useful. For this purpose, the Rasayana like Chyavanprasha, Agastya Haritaki, Pippali Rasayana, Guduchi, Yashtimadhu, Haridra, Ashwagandha, Tulsi are used. Rasayana working on Respiratory system are best for Prevention of Coronavirus and boosting immune system. Rasayana Chikitsa can be effective in the Prevention as well as reducing symptoms of COVID-19.

Pulse rate and Spo2 in different phases of menstrual cycle in healthy women of Kerala

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2013

Background and Objectives: The studies on relationship between different phases of menstrual cycle and pulse rate and Sp02 changes in healthy women of Kerala are inadequate. So, this preliminary study was plan to report the same. Material and Methods: The present study was performed in twenty healthy women of Kerala, age ranging from 20-40 (mean age 27+/- 61054). Spo2 and pulse rate were recorded with pulse - oximeter in different phases of menstrual cycle and analysis of data was done by spss 20.0. Results: Variations of pulse rate and Spo2 in different phases of menstrual cycle are not statistically significant at p > 0.05. Conclusion: it was observed that there was slight increase in pulse rate in ovulatory phase and slight increase in Sp02 in secretory phase, though it is not statistically significant. It may be due to small sample size. Hence this study certainly merits continuing the work with more investigations in the field. Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2013) Vol. 1 (2): 65-69 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v1i2.9271

A Study on Difference in Short-Term Memory in Healthy Males and Females of Kerala

Article

Full-text available

Oct 2013

Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol. 2, No.2 Issue 4 May-October 2013 Page 57-61 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v2i2.8807

Principles of Medical Physiology

Book

Jan 2014

Sabyasachi Sircar

Traditional medicinal formulation, chyawanprash-A review

Article

Jan 2006

Natural products and plants as liver protecting drugs

Article

Jan 1986
FITOTERAPIA

Beneficial effect of chyawanprash on cognitive function in aged mice

Article

Jan 2011
PHARM BIOL

Chyawanprash is an Ayurvedic formulation which is used traditionally to increase vitality, vigor and for delaying the aging process. The present study sought to explore the beneficial effects of chyawanprash on cognitive function of aged mice. In the present study, chyawanprash (CHY) was administered orally in two concentrations (1 and 2% w/w of the diet) for 15 successive days to 17 different groups of young (8 groups) and aged (9 groups) mice. After 15 days of chyawanprash administration, the memory of the animals was assessed using Morris water maze and elevated plus maze. The brain acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE), the levels of brain thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were also estimated. The administration of chyawanprash (1 and 2% w/w) for 15 consecutive days significantly improved the memory of aged mice when compared to young mice. This Ayurvedic formulation decreased the acetylcholinesterase activity in aged mice, consequently leading to increased cholinergic transmission. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in brain TBARS and increase in GSH levels of aged animals after chyawanprash administration, thereby indicating decreased free radical generation and increased scavenging of free radicals respectively. Chyawanprash may be looked upon as a useful memory enhancer in aged animals by virtue of its antioxidant effect, pro-cholinergic action, improved learning ability, and increased retention capacity.

Hepatoprotective activity of Emblica officinalis and Chyavanaprash

Article

Oct 2000
J ETHNOPHARMACOL

Hepatoprotective activity of Emblica officinalis (EO) and Chyavanaprash (CHY) extracts were studied using carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) induced liver injury model in rats. EO and CHY extracts were found to inhibit the hepatotoxicity produced by acute and chronic CCl(4) administration as seen from the decreased levels of serum and liver lipid peroxides (LPO), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Chronic CCl(4) administration was also found to produce liver fibrosis as seen from the increased levels of collagen-hydroxyproline and pathological analysis. EO and CHY extracts were found to reduce these elevated levels significantly, indicating that the extract could inhibit the induction of fibrosis in rats.

Effect of Chyawanprash and vitamin C on glucose tolerance and lipoprotein profile

Article

Feb 2001
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol

Chyawanprash is an ancient Indian dietary supplement containing vitamin C (34 mg/100 g) derived from amla (Emblica officinalis). In addition, Chyawanprash also contains several other herbal products. The present study was designed to compare the effects of vitamin C with those of Chyawanprash. Ten normal healthy adult male volunteers (age 20-32 years) participated in the 16-week study. They were placed randomly in either the Chyawanprash group (n = 5) or vitamin C group (n = 5). Those in the former received 15 g/d of Chyawanprash while those in the latter received 500 mg/d vitamin C during the first 8 weeks of the study. For the next 8 weeks, no supplement was given. For each individual, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed, and lipoprotein profile in peripheral serum samples was determined at 0 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks and 16 weeks. In the Chyawanprash group, the 8 weeks Vs 0 weeks value (mean +/- S.D.) respectively for various indices which were significantly different were fasting plasma glucose (100.2 +/- 5.58 mg/dl vs 116.2 +/- 11.6 mg/dl), area under 2-h plasma glucose curve (245.9 +/- 15.13 mg.dl-1.h vs 280.8 +/- 37.09 mg.dl-1.h), HDL cholesterol (53.2 +/- 4.56 mg/dl vs 42.7 +/- 7.17 mg/dl), LDL cholesterol (82.4 +/- 8.80 mg/dl vs 98.26 +/- 12.07 mg/dl), LDL/HDL ratio (1.56 +/- 0.28 vs 2.38 +/- 0.63). In the Vitamin C group, only the LDL/HDL ratio was significantly lower at 8 weeks than at 0 weeks (1.99 +/- 0.44 vs 2.29 +/- 0.43). All the variables that changed significantly were no longer significantly different from the 0 weeks value at 16 weeks. Chyawanprash reduces postprandial glycemia in the oral glucose tolerance test and reduces blood cholesterol level to a significantly greater extent than vitamin C.

Ganong's review of Medical physiology. 24 th edition: New Delhi; Tata Mc Graw-Hill Education Pvt Ltd

Jan 2012
283

E Kim
Susan M Barrett
Scott Barman
Boitano
L Heddwen
Brooks

Kim E Barrett, Susan M Barman, Scott Boitano, Heddwen L Brooks. Ganong's review of Medical physiology. 24 th edition: New Delhi; Tata Mc Graw-Hill Education Pvt Ltd; 2012. p. 283.

Best and Taylor's Physiological basis of medical practice