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The Vegetative Propagation Possibilities of Black Alder [ Alnus glutinosa subsp. barbata (C. A. Mey.) Yalt.] by Softwood Cuttings
Abstract
In this study, the collecting date of softwood cuttings, rooting media, ortet age and cutting type were investigated on Alnus glutinosa subsp. barbata (C. A. Mey.) Yalt. Rooting media and cutting type showed no significant effect on the rooting percentage (RP), ramet height (RH) and rootlet number (RN) while ortet age showed significant effect on these parameters. The highest RP as 56.7 and 48.3% were obtained for the tip cuttings and basal cuttings of 1+0 aged ortets, respectively, while the lowest RP as 0%, was obtained for the tip cuttings of 2+0 aged ortets. Determining of the lower RP for the cuttings of 2+0 aged ortets than the cuttings of the older ortets can be explained together with the ortet genetic character. The highest RH (18.3 cm) was obtained for the tip cuttings of the 1+0 aged ortets and RN (8.3 number) was obtained for the basal cuttings of the same ortets. The highest mean RP were obtained for the cuttings of 1+0 aged seed originating ortets and physiologically 1+0 aged sprout originating ortets as 41.35 and 35.55%, respectively. Based on the results of this study, basal cuttings of the young ortets, collected in the middle of the June should be used in the autovegetative propagation of Alnus barbata .
... Almost half of the cuttings collected at the later date rooted successfully. The best results achieved here are slightly lower than those reported by Ayan et al. (2006) and Schrader and Graves (2000), who respectively tested the rooting abilities of Alnus glutinosa subsp. barbata and Alnus maritima. ...
... The fi rst period, N = number of cuttings connected with the breakdown of endogenous dormancy of the mother plant, is from December to February and the second one, before the onset of dormancy, is from July to September (Psota, 1987). Therefore it is widely recommended to take either hardwood cuttings from January to April (Psota, 1987) or soo wood cuttings in June or July (Obdržálek and Pinc, 1997; Schrader and Graves, 2000; Ayan et al., 2006). Comparing the dates in our trial, signifi cant diff erences (p < 0.05) in rooting were observed between the 1 st and 2 nd dates in both groups of treated cuttings whereas no diff erences were observed in the control cuttings. ...
... Comparing the dates in our trial, signifi cant diff erences (p < 0.05) in rooting were observed between the 1 st and 2 nd dates in both groups of treated cuttings whereas no diff erences were observed in the control cuttings. Cuttings prepared in the second half of July rooted more successfully under both treatments, even though Ayan et al. (2006) recommend collecting shoots of Alnus glutinosa subsp. barbata in the middle of June rather than at the beginning of July. ...
Although alder is readily propagated by seeds our objective was to examine the feasibility of propagating mature Alnus glutinosa (L.) trees by vegetative means that could be used to propagate trees resistant to Phytophthora alni. Both softwood and hardwood cuttings were taken. In the case of hardwood cuttings, two diff erent treatments, based on diff erences in temperature, two growth stimulators (NAA, IBA) and rooting conditions, were tested. Rooting success rate was low, with only 1.3 to 5 % of treated cuttings rooting, in comparison with 0 to 1.3 % of the untreated control cuttings. In the case of softwood cuttings, two treatments were used which diff ered in their use of growth stimulators (NAA, IBA) and the dates when material was collected. In contrast to the hardwood cuttings, the softwood cuttings rooted better in both treatments. The cuttings collected at the later date rooted better; 30 to 42.5 % of the treated cuttings rooted when compared to 15 % in the control treatment. Softwood cuttings collected in the middle of July and then treated with 1% IBA rooted the best of all, with 42.5 % of cuttings rooting successfully.
... Si les conditions favorables à sa propagation naturelle semblent rarement réunies (Claessens et al., 2010), l'aulne glutineux peut, cependant, être facilement multiplié végétativement par bouturage (Martin et al., 1982 ;Ayan et al., 2006) ou par culture in vitro (Tremblay et al., 1984 ;Lall et al., 2005). Les conditions de propagation in vitro par bourgeonnement axillaire existant au laboratoire ont été optimisées, d'une part en utilisant le milieu de base WPM (Lloyd et al., 1980) enrichi en chélate de fer et contenant du glucose comme source de carbone, et d'autre part en favorisant les échanges gazeux avec l'environnement extérieur (Bajji et al., 2012). ...
Bien que les techniques végétales soient d'application de longue date pour fixer les berges de cours d'eau, elles font maintenant partie d'une réflexion plus générale avec la prise en compte des besoins écologiques des écosystèmes de rivières et le développement de l'ingénierie végétale qui régit la mise en oeuvre des renaturations. Les travaux décrits dans cet ouvrage apportent les outils permettant la traçabilité et l'évaluation comportementale d'écotypes ligneux vis-à-vis de risques sanitaires connus (principalement la maladie de l'aulne) ou de pollutions attendues (diffusion de métaux lourds) tout en préservant leur capacité d'adaptation naturelle. Par l'établissement de collections d'aulnes, de saules ou de frênes autochtones et une multiplication végétative respectueuse de la diversité locale, les ressources génétiques de toute une région transfrontalière sont rendues disponibles pour tout programme de renaturation de berges de cours d'eau ou de zones écologiquement équivalentes à réhabiliter dans les bassins de la Meuse, du Rhin et de l'Escaut. Cet ouvrage s'adresse aux gestionnaires de cours d'eau, aux éco-conseillers du monde rural ou urbain, aux étudiants en sciences du vivant, ainsi qu'à toute personne s'intéressant à l'écosystème "rivière" et à la qualité de l'eau. Les stratégies développées peuvent trouver application en d'autres lieux ou avec d'autres essences.
... Keseimbangan kadar C/N pada bahan setek dapat dilakukan dengan memilih bagian bahan tanaman yang dijadikan setek, terutama bagian pangkal, tengah, dan ujung setek. Dari hasil penelitian Ayan et al. (2006) pada setek Alnus glutinosa serta Pramono dan Putri (2013) pada jenis Azadirachta indica menunjukkan bahwa bahan untuk membuat setek yang berasal dari tunas yang tua menyebabkan menurunnya kemampuan berakar. Menurut Danu dan Putri (2015), keberhasilan setek jenis Michelia champaca dari bahan tanaman berumur muda dengan pemberian zat pengatur tumbuh IBA 100 ppm dengan media serbuk sabut kelapa + sekam padi (2:1) atau dengan IBA 50 ppm pada media campuran serbuk sabut kelapa, sekam padi, dan arang sekam padi (6:3:1). ...
Siregar N, Djam’an DF. 2016. The effect of plant material on the success of cutting of kranji (Pongamia pinnata). Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 2: 23-27. Kranji (Pongamia pinnata Merril) is one type of forest plants that have the potential as a source of renewable energy in the future. Kranji seed produces vegetable biofeul material, so we need another way to get the seedlings, one of them by cuttings. Moreover, the traits of the parent will be derived through vegetative propagation. This study aimed to determine the effect of plant material to the success of cuttings kranji. The plant treatment factors included the types of buds, shoots age, the part of buds and leaf on buds. The experiment based on the type of shoots used a randomized block design consisted of two treatments, dormant buds and growing shoots, with 5 replications, each treatment combination consisted of 50 cuttings. The experiment based on the age of shoot used a randomized block design consisted of 5 treatments (ages of 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months) with 5 replications, each treatment combination consisted of 50 cuttings. The experiment based on the part of shoot used a randomized block design consisted of three treatments (base, middle, and end of shoots) with 5 replications, each treatment combination consisted of 50 cuttings. Meanwhile, the treatment based on the leaf on buds used a randomized block design consisted of two treatments (with leaf and without leaf) with 5 replications, each treatment combination consisted of 50 cuttings. The results showed that the treatment of the types of buds and the leaf on buds were not significant to affect on all parameters observed. The age of shoots gave a significant effect to a percentage of growing cuttings, but did not a significant effect on other parameters. The part of shoots gave a significant effect on all parameters observed. For the procurement of kranji seedling by cuttings should use the age of shoots 2, 3, or 4 months and the middle part of shoot.
... Most of the new stands have been established by planting 2-year-old seedlings. This species can, however, be readily vegetatively propagated either by stem cuttings (Martin et al., 1982;Ayan et al., 2006) or by in vitro tissue culture (Tremblay et al., 1984;Lall et al., 2005;Bajji et al., 2012). ECOLIRIMED is a cross-border (Wallonia-Lorrain-Luxembourg) project co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the Interreg IV-A "Greater Region" programme. ...
We studied the in vitro regeneration ability of black alder (Alnus glutinosa L.) using juvenile explants and a modified woody plant medium (mWPM). In our first experiment (Exp. 1), mature seeds were cultured in the presence of different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ: 0, 1, 5 and 10 μM) for 2 or 4 weeks under light conditions (16 h photoperiod). In the second experiment (Exp. 2), hypocotyl segments (Hyp), cotyledonary nodes (CN) and cotyledons (Cot) were excised from 2-week-old in vitro seedlings and cultured on mWPM supplemented with different concentrations of 6-(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino)-purine (2iP: 0, 5, 10, 25 and 50 μM) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BA: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 μM) for 2, 4 or 6 weeks in the dark. After the induction periods, the explants were transferred to the expression medium consisting of mWPM containing 1 μM BA under light conditions. The regeneration frequencies and the number of buds/shoots per regenerated explant were determined after 10 weeks for Exp. 1 and 8 weeks for Exp. 2. For Exp. 1, using mature seeds, 1 μM TDZ for 2 weeks under light conditions proved to be the best induction treatment, with 91% of explants producing an average of 11 buds/shoots per explant, including more than four long shoots (> 1 cm). In Exp. 2, there were low shoot regeneration frequencies, 3% for the Hyp and 10% for the Cot. In contrast, the CN was the most responsive explant, with 100% explants producing 12-14 buds/shoots after the most effective induction treatment, based on 1-3 μM BA for 2 weeks in the dark.
... [56] x Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. [57][58][59] x Corylus colurna L. ...
Background and Purpose: Raw wood material requirements are increasing with rapid population growth both in Turkey and in the world. In order to supply deficit for closure of forest products, productivity and quality of production should be improved. Basic ways to increase efficiency in forest production involves silvicultural implementations and classical tree breeding studies. Genetic variation can be increased by utilizing the existing diversity. Thus, new combinations can be obtained and we can raise efficiency using some selection strategies. At this point, biotechnological methods are required to meet the genetic material. Studies of forest tree breeding are a slow process due to the size of the genome and the length of the tree life span. Biotechnological applications in forest trees provide many important benefits in terms of time saving and reducing cost when compared to classical breeding studies. Sustainable forestry practices are gaining rapid acceleration via biotechnology and modern sciences practices. In this study, for some forest tree species in Turkey, the evaluated biotechnology methods included; 1- tissue culture and clonal propagation, 2- molecular marker applications, 3- marker assisted selection and breeding, 4-genomic and proteomic studies, 5- genetic modification and genetic engineering applications.
Conclusions: In this study, the works were carried out on forest tree breeding/propagation in Turkey and it was mainly focused on vegetative production techniques with 25 broadleaves and 9 conifer taxa, which were possible to express. Molecular genetic studies were carried out on 12 broad leaves taxa and 9 conifer taxa; genetic transformation studies were conducted on poplar species. Thus, it might be suggested that a combination of biotechnological tools and traditional propagation methods will ensure advantage for the development of forest-tree species.
... plantation density. Atasoy and Kucuk (1986) and Ayan et al. (2006) indicated that production of saplings through seeds is easier and cheaper as compared to the production of saplings through cutting. Guller and Ay (2001), analyzed the mechanical characteristics of black alder, and stated that it is suitable for plywood, particle board, packing, tool handles, and furniture. ...
Hazelnut plantations, which are a major source of income for the villagers in the eastern Black sea region are notable to provide sufficient income to the villagers due to price fluctuations and sudden falls witnessed in recent years. Alternative investments in place of hazelnut cultivation are being investigated in order to prevent migration to urban areas and to increase the welfare of the rural population in the region. Black alder plantation investments have been assessed as one of the most essential alternative investment tools within the framework of the study Assessment was carried out by comparing expected possible net present values (NPV). Although value increase occurs 12-18 years later more income can be obtained through black alder than hazelnut plantation. In hazelnut plantations, the best NPV emerged in the lower zone. NPV was positive in the moderate zone but values were close to zero. In upper zone, positive NPV couldn't emerge. As a result, it was understood that black alder plantation investment is an effective alternative for hazelnut plantations.
Purpose of Review
The furniture sector worldwide is rapidly developing and diversifying. The furniture market faces nowadays a competition between various composites and solid wood furniture which is more reliable and environmentally-friendly. Various valuable species, such as oak, ash, and cherry, in addition to other common hardwood and softwood species are chosen by small- or medium-sized furniture companies. Due to its workability, properties, and appearance, black alder can be considered a suitable material for furniture manufacturing. This review offers an outline of the potential of black alder as a wood resource with an emphasis on applications in the furniture industry.
Recent Findings
Results from recent studies that have focused on active silviculture, uses, wood properties, color changes under air and light exposure, surface quality of processed surfaces during milling and sanding, coating properties, and process optimization are presented. Findings of these studies would help for practical applications so that this wood species can be processed more efficiently for value-added products with enhanced surfaces, improved appearance, and extended service life.
Summary
Black alder as an under-utilized wood species has been shown to have good potential for the wood industry so that its use can successfully reduce import activities of other species and value-added furniture products can be manufactured. For further studies, the properties of plywood made of densified veneers, surface wettability, and coating performance of such products should be evaluated for the furniture industry.
Vegetative propagation technologies need to be mastered in mass propagation of the selected clones that will improve the quality and quantity of production plantations. This study aims to determine the effect of shade intensity, dose of IBA and stock plant on rooting of cuttings. Shading treated were: without shade, and 25% shade. IBA doses were: 0 ppm, 750 ppm, 1500 ppm and 3000 ppm. Stock plants, including: seedling derived from cuttings and stock plant derived from seeds. The results showed that the use of IBA from 0 to 3000 ppm concentration did not significantly affect the quality of rooting jabon cuttings. Factors that significantly affected the quality of rooting cuttings were shading treatment. Cuttings were planted in a media with 25% shade could increase the success of survived cuttings from 57.5% to 74.38% and root length values increased from 9.75 cm to 16.37 cm. Shoots of seedlings propagated by cuttings were able to increase the success of survived cuttings compared to shoots derived from seedling propagated from seed. ABSTRAK Teknologi pembiakan vegetatif perlu dikuasai dalam perbanyakan masal terhadap klon terseleksi yang akan meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas produksi hutan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh intensitas naungan, dosis IBA dan tanaman induk terhadap perakaran stek jabon. Intensitas naungan yang diuji adalah: tanpa naungan, naungan (25%), dan dosis IBA yang diuji adalah: 0 ppm, 750 ppm, 1500 ppm, dan 3000 ppm. Asal tanaman induk yaitu: bibit berasal dari biakan stek, dan bibit berasal dari biakan biji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan IBA dari konsentrasi 0 sampai 3000 ppm tidak berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap kualitas perakaran stek jabon. Faktor yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap perakaran stek adalah perlakuan naungan. Perlakuan naungan mampu meningkatkan kualitas perakaran stek jabon. Stek yang ditanam pada media dengan naungan 25% mampu meningkatkan keberhasilan hidup stek dari 57,5% menjadi 74,38% dan nilai panjang akar meningkat dari 9,75 cm menjadi 16,37 cm. Pucuk jabon dari bibit yang dibiakkan secara stek mampu meningkatkan keberhasilan stek dibandingkan dengan pucuk dari bibit biakan generatif. Kata kunci: bibit, pembiakan vegetatif, perakaran, pucuk, rejuvenasi, stek.
The fast growing species have 50 year-old political background and 35-40 year-old scientific background in Turkey. For obtaining a great deal of progress in species and origins experiments and starting the model plantation phase, Eucalyptus sp., Pinus pinaster, Pinus radiata, hybrid poplars and some clones of Populus nigra are the important species. But, the desired outcomes about the American-originated species could not be achived because of establishing the experiments with few numbers of clones, which didn't represent the distribution area. Along with these species, studies should be focused on Pinus brutia which has broad distribution area, improvement potential, and fast growing character. Furthermore, Pinus brutia is evaluated as a species which will close the supply deficit in long run. Also, studies should be performed on Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa, Pterocarya fraxinifolia and Alnus glutinosa subsp. barbata which was experimented in regional base and showed the faster growing character than the other indigeneous alder species and native species.
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