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Screening of Local and Exotic Brinjal Varieties/Cultivars for Resistance to Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guen
Abstract
An experiment was carried out with 24 brinjal varieties at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jamalpur Bangladesh to find the suitable resistant brinjal variety against brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB), Leucinodes orbonalis Guen. Both in number and weight the brinjal varieties Jumki-1 and Jumki-2 were highly resistant (HR), Islampuri-3, BL-34 and Muktakeshi were fairly resistant (FR), Singnath long and Singnath-4 were tolerant to brinjal shoot and fruit borer. The susceptible varieties were Islampuri-1 and Irribegoon-1. Singnath-3 and Muktakeshi gave the highest yield from three years study and the lowest yield was obtained from Jumki although it was resistant to BSFB.
... The work of [10] in Bangladesh showed that the Melongena EG075 (susceptible) variety with a sugars content of 4.58 mg/100mg ps and a polyphenols content of 3.04 mg/g had a higher attack rate of 75.29% and Melongena TURBO (resistant) with 2.78 mg/100 mg of sugars level and 7.09 mg/g of polyphenols content, with a lower attack rate of 32.63%. On the other hand, [23] in India show that Sweta (resistant), Green Gold (tolerant) and Bejo Sheetal (very susceptible) with damage of 9.8%, 20.4% and 35.7% respectively, have total sugars, total phenols and total chlorophylls of 5.76 mg/g; 7.61 mg/g and 1.23 mg/g (for the first variety), 11.91 mg/g; 3.87 mg/g and 1.47 mg/g (for the second variety) and 18.02 mg/g; 1.95 mg/g and 1.86 mg/g (for the third variety). In fact Solanum spp. with a high Chlorophyll content are also the most attacked such as those with a high sugars content and a lower polyphenols content. ...
... and a positive and significant correlation with sugar content (r=0.972**). [23] Also showed that pest damage on brinjal eggplant stems showed positive correlations with total chlorophylls (r=0.99), total sugars (r=0.897), and negative correlation with the total polyphenols (r=-0.886). ...
... Keeping in view the economic importance of brinjal crop in daily use, where use of insecticides is not desirable, the present studies were undertaken to find out the source of resistance against brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee. Screening of brinjal cultivars against L. orbonalis has been attempted by several workers; Javed et al. (2011), Lit et al. (2002, Elanchezhyan et al. (2008) and Mannan et al. (2009). ...
... Gangopadhay et al., (1996) found infestation of L. orbonalis in every variety under investigation; moreover exotic varieties were more infested as compared to the local ones. Screening of brinjal genotypes against shoot and fruit borer infestation have been also done by Mishra et al. (1988), Lit et al. (2002), Elanchezhyan et al. (2008) and Mannan et al. (2009), Javed et al. (2011. ...
Response of different brinjal genotypes against brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee.) was evaluated at Vegetable Research Centre, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) in kharif (rainy season) 2011-2012. 192 eggplant entries/accessions were evaluated for resistance to shoot and fruit borer. Minimum mean infestation in fruits was found in genotype EC305163 (0.0%) and IC090132 (0.0%) while maximum mean infestation in fruits was recorded in IC261792 (100%) and IC420406 (100%). Among 192 genotypes of brinjal tested, two of them EC305163 and IC090132 was found immune to shoot and fruit borer, three genotype namely IC545256, IC433625 and IC264470 found resistance, 21 fairly resistance, 38 tolerant, 52 susceptible and rest 76 genotypes were found highly susceptible to brinjal shoot and fruit borer.
... It is evident from the present findings, the BSFB has maintained its important pest status in brinjal throughout the cropping period. [9], two brinjal types were extremely resistant, three were moderately resistant, two were tolerant and two were susceptible. Devi et al. [10] reported a variety named warnamani asighly susceptible against BSFB In a present study none of the accessions showed immune response to BSFB. ...
Resistance potential of 100 brinjal accessions against brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB) was evaluated under field condition at Sivapuri village, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India in Kharif 2020. The data obtained from this study revealed that amongst the 100 accessions screened, the lowest shoot and fruit damage was observed on the genotype IC-136546 followed by IC-136451 whereas, the highest shoot and fruit damage was observed on Manapaarai Local followed by IC-089847. Based on the standard scale, none of the accessions show immune response to BSFB. Hence, the accessions which imparted resistance against the BSFB were selected for breeding to develop BSFB resistance varieties.
... EG075 [46] Jumki-1, Jumki-2, Islampuri-3, BL-34, Singhnath-4 and Singhnath long [132] Philippines EG203 [125] Pakistan Shilpa, Nirala and Hybrid 3715 [281] [94] , [265] Thailand and Taiwan ...
Keywords: ABSTRACT Brinjal, shoot and fruit borer, resistant varieties, Good agronomic practices (GAP), Organic manure, Pheromone traps, Biorational control, and Sustainable management Brinjal, Solanum melongena Linnaeus belongs to family solanaceae also known Eggplant or Baingan and it is the most important widely grown vegetable both for raw and cooked purpose and attack by the major and serious pest known asbrinjal shoot and fruit borer [Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)] which is responsible for causing up to 37-100% damage as well as quality and quantity loss in brinjal. In order to manage this problem, farmers still depends on the pesticides, but excessive use of pesticides has resulted residues in the food chain, phytotoxicity, pesticide resistance, pest resurgence, bioaccumulation and secondary pest outbreak, in addition to causing harmful effect on the environment and non-targeted beneficial organisms. Here, we reviewed the sustainable approaches to reduce the incidence of brinjal shoot andfruit borer toachieve sustainability in brinjalproduction technology through the implementation of integrated approaches. We found that following major points have been reported to reduce the survival and damage of shoot and fruit borer: (1) use of resistant varieties (2) implementing a number of cultural practices, such as sowing time,plant density, inter/mixed/relay crops (coriander, clustrebean fennel, chilly, redhuni, radish, mint, onion, clover, fenugreek, maizeand African marigold), avoid ratooning of crop, collection and destruction of dried shoot tips and damaged fruits, mechanical practices as barriers and installing bird perches(3) monitoringthrough the pheromone traps(4) spraying repellent made up of neem seed kernel (NSK). Hence, integration of all these approaches in a unified manner has exposed more good results for sustainable management of shoot and fruit borer. This review highlights examples of successful management approaches from the past studies that were implemented in experimental trials and farmers' fields. We concluded that an integrated approach is the most effective for long-term sustainable and eco-friendly management programs for shoot and fruit borer. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 Lalita, et.al, 2021 Agricultural Mechanization in Asia 1304 International License.
Eggplant (Solanum melongena Linnaeus) is a vital crop in South Asia, valued for its use in both raw and cooked dishes. However, its cultivation is severely threatened by the eggplant shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Guen.), which damages the plant from the seedling stage to harvest. The larval phase of this pest bores into shoots and fruits, potentially causing up to 90% loss and a decline in quality. Farmers often use excessive insecticides to combat L. orbonalis, leading to residue accumulation in food, insecticide resistance, pest resurgence, secondary pest outbreaks, and harm to beneficial organisms and the environment. In South Asia, this pest is the primary threat to eggplant fields, attracting significant research attention. This review paper examines biology, damage and control measures of eggplant shoot and fruit borer including resistant and tolerant varieties, sex pheromone traps, physical and mechanical barriers, biopesticides, biocontrol agents, and cultural and chemical methods, supported by previous studies and research findings.
Cultivation of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is of significant global importance, especially in Bangladesh, where it ranks second after potato. The production of brinjal in Bangladesh was 619000 Mt in 2021-22. However, the annual brinjal production in Bangladesh lags behind to leading brinjal-producing countries like India, China, and Japan due to various challenges encompassing environmental factors, soil conditions, insect pests, and diseases. One of the most formidable challenges is the infestation of brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB), Leucinodes orbonalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), which inflicts substantial yield losses and threatens food security. This review synthesizes existing knowledge and innovations to provide a comprehensive understanding of management strategies to combat this notorious pest. This article states the effectiveness of various approaches, and their ecological and economic impacts, and offers insights and recommendations for sustainable management strategies of BSFB. Integrated pest management (IPM) packages have demonstrated significant success in reducing the infestation of brinjal shoot and fruit borer. Among the tactics of IPM, cultural practices such as mulching and clipping prove to be highly effective in reducing infestation levels. Neem oil and leaf extract have shown to be effective in controlling this pest.
Cultivation of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is of significant global importance, especially in Bangladesh, where it ranks second after potato. The production of brinjal in Bangladesh was 619000 Mt in 2021-22. However, the annual brinjal production in Bangladesh lags behind to leading brinjal-producing countries like India, China, and Japan due to various challenges encompassing environmental factors, soil conditions, insect pests, and diseases. One of the most formidable challenges is the infestation of brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB), Leucinodes orbonalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), which inflicts substantial yield losses and threatens food security. This review synthesizes existing knowledge and innovations to provide a comprehensive understanding of management strategies to combat this notorious pest. This article states the effectiveness of various approaches, and their ecological and economic impacts, and offers insights and recommendations for sustainable management strategies of BSFB. Integrated pest management (IPM) packages have demonstrated significant success in reducing the infestation of brinjal shoot and fruit borer. Among the tactics of IPM, cultural practices such as mulching and clipping prove to be highly effective in reducing infestation levels. Neem oil and leaf extract have shown to be effective in controlling this pest.
One of the major elements in any Integrated Pest management (IPM) programme is the use of resistant cultivars to insect pests. Host plant resistance (HPR) has offered the simple solution for insect pests and insect vector transmissible disease management on several agricultural and horticultural crops from time to time. Host plant resistance, tolerance and susceptibility to insect pests in fruit crops, namely mango, citrus, guava, sapota, banana, pomegranate, ber, custard apple, aonla, jackfruit, bael, date palm and apple, vegetables, namely tomato, brinjal, okra, chillies, onion, snake gourd, pumpkin, bitter gourd, bottle gourd, sponge gourd, ridge gourd, musk melon, watermelon, cowpea, cabbage and drumstick, tuber crops, namely potato, cassava, dioscorea, taro, elephant and elephant foot yam, ornamentals, namely rose, carnation, chrysanthemum and gerbera, spices, namely black pepper, turmeric, cardamom, cumin, coriander, fennel and fenugreek, plantation crops like tea, coffee and cashew, are discussed. These resistant varieties can be cultivated without much change in normal practice of cultivation, and tolerant and less susceptible varieties can also be incorporated into insect pest management practices.
Leucinodes orbonalis is a monophagous pest on brinjal. However, it is also being reported that it may switch to other Solanaceae plants under the stress of the non-availability of the host for feeding. The larvae feed inside the fruit and reduce its nutritive value, and yield loss may reach up to 90%. The pest has discouraged farmers from growing brinjal, which is a profitable crop labelling it as a devastating pest of brinjal. The management methods use biological means such as the use of natural enemies, and other approaches such as sex pheromones, neuropeptides, improvement of genetically modified crops, and RNA interference tools. Though these methods have faced some challenges in implementation, are harmless, supportable, and also species-specific. In the current review, we have discussed the cultural practices, chemical control, and biological methods that have been used in the past or are currently in practice for pest management. Apart from this, we have also discussed a few of the quite recent but hopeful technologies, that can be thought for a tool for the control of L. orbonalis.
Host plant resistance mechanisms play an important role in developing cultivars with resistance to the target pests; information regarding morphological and biochemical factors contributing to the resistance is essential for developing pest-resistant cultivars. As a result, we investigated the contribution of various morphological and biochemical characters in forty-two eggplant genotypes against Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée, in Himachal Pradesh, India. Out of all the phenotypic parameters evaluated, pericarp thickness (r = 0.89) has significantly positive correlation with fruit infestation, whereas trichome density had significantly negative correlation (r = − 0.89). Analysis of the biochemical compounds in the eggplant genotypes revealed that total phenols (r = − 0.71), polyphenol oxidase (r = − 0.63), peroxidases (r = − 0.35), phenylalanine ammonium lyase (r = − 0.71) and solasodine (r = − 0.81) had significantly negative correlation with the per cent fruit infestation by L. orbonalis while the reducing sugars (r = 0.66) and non-reducing sugars (r = 0.62) showed a significantly positive correlation. Molecular characterization by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers also revealed the presence of high genetic diversity among different eggplant genotypes, where 17 polymorphic RAPD primers produced a total of 167 amplicons, among which 144 amplicons were polymorphic and 23 monomorphic bands. PCR-amplified DNA fragment size ranged from 100 to 2500 bp, mean polymorphism was 86.42% and the average PIC value was 0.444. Jaccards coefficient–based dendrogram grouped 40 eggplant genotypes into two major clusters. Results also revealed that the resistant genotypes accumulated higher levels of defensive biochemical enzymes such as phenols, PO, PPO, PAL and solasodine to confer insect resistance. Molecular characterization also revealed that genotypes in the present study were genetically diverse and could be used in future breeding and improvement programmes in this crop. Genotypes, IC411485 and IC090951, in particular, can be used as varied parents in breeding programmes to generate improved lines in terms of resistance to L. orbonalis.
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