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Screening of Local and Exotic Brinjal Varieties/Cultivars for Resistance to Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guen
Abstract
An experiment was carried out with 24 brinjal varieties at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jamalpur Bangladesh to find the suitable resistant brinjal variety against brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB), Leucinodes orbonalis Guen. Both in number and weight the brinjal varieties Jumki-1 and Jumki-2 were highly resistant (HR), Islampuri-3, BL-34 and Muktakeshi were fairly resistant (FR), Singnath long and Singnath-4 were tolerant to brinjal shoot and fruit borer. The susceptible varieties were Islampuri-1 and Irribegoon-1. Singnath-3 and Muktakeshi gave the highest yield from three years study and the lowest yield was obtained from Jumki although it was resistant to BSFB.
... The Diptera order consists of 27 families listed on the pepper in the Menoua (Table 4), not all families have been represented in the four localities. In the Nkong-Ni district, the towns of Zaah seeh and Lepeh have the same number of families (22). The families of Ulididae, Chloropidae, Dolichopotidae and Sciaridae are present only in Lepeh. ...
... This would give arthropods more time to develop. This idea is consistent with the work of Mannan et al. (2003) [22] ~ 10 ~ which argues that the resistance or susceptibility of a plant may be due to biochemical characteristics such as chlorophyll, phenols and sugars. These results also show that, in addition to pests, many beneficial insects (pollinators, predators and parasitoids) coexist in pepper cultivation. ...
... This would give arthropods more time to develop. This idea is consistent with the work of Mannan et al. (2003) [22] ~ 10 ~ which argues that the resistance or susceptibility of a plant may be due to biochemical characteristics such as chlorophyll, phenols and sugars. These results also show that, in addition to pests, many beneficial insects (pollinators, predators and parasitoids) coexist in pepper cultivation. ...
Pepper production in Cameroon faces many constraints, including arthropods, which occupy one of the most important places. This study was conducted with the aim of gathering information on the entomofauna of peppers for better decision-making on control methods. To achieve this, an inventory of arthropods in 4 localities in the Menoua pepper production basins was carried out on the "Simbad, "Tibesti" and "Ylusse" varieties. Insects captured weekly using an entomological net and a mouth aspirator were identified in the Agricultural Zoology Laboratory at the University of Dschang. The results showed that insects associated to peppers varied in number and diversity from one locality to another. A total of 4003 Insecta and Arachnida were captured. The Insecta class has 9 orders (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Thysanoptera, Lepidoptera, Odonata, and Orthoptera) of 85 families. The Order of the Hemiptera is the most representative in terms of individuals (1627) and that of the Diptera the most representative in number of families (27). Pearson's X-squared test shows a significant dependence between different orders of arthropods and the 3 varieties of peppers. The "Simbad" variety proved to be the most sensitive with 48.31%. Although most of these insects are pepper pests, there have been some pollinators, predators and parasitoids. The data collected provide a preliminary basis for any biological or integrated pest management against Capsicum annuum pests in Menoua-Cameroon.
... The work of [10] in Bangladesh showed that the Melongena EG075 (susceptible) variety with a sugars content of 4.58 mg/100mg ps and a polyphenols content of 3.04 mg/g had a higher attack rate of 75.29% and Melongena TURBO (resistant) with 2.78 mg/100 mg of sugars level and 7.09 mg/g of polyphenols content, with a lower attack rate of 32.63%. On the other hand, [23] in India show that Sweta (resistant), Green Gold (tolerant) and Bejo Sheetal (very susceptible) with damage of 9.8%, 20.4% and 35.7% respectively, have total sugars, total phenols and total chlorophylls of 5.76 mg/g; 7.61 mg/g and 1.23 mg/g (for the first variety), 11.91 mg/g; 3.87 mg/g and 1.47 mg/g (for the second variety) and 18.02 mg/g; 1.95 mg/g and 1.86 mg/g (for the third variety). In fact Solanum spp. with a high Chlorophyll content are also the most attacked such as those with a high sugars content and a lower polyphenols content. ...
... and a positive and significant correlation with sugar content (r=0.972**). [23] Also showed that pest damage on brinjal eggplant stems showed positive correlations with total chlorophylls (r=0.99), total sugars (r=0.897), and negative correlation with the total polyphenols (r=-0.886). ...
... Keeping in view the economic importance of brinjal crop in daily use, where use of insecticides is not desirable, the present studies were undertaken to find out the source of resistance against brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee. Screening of brinjal cultivars against L. orbonalis has been attempted by several workers; Javed et al. (2011), Lit et al. (2002, Elanchezhyan et al. (2008) and Mannan et al. (2009). ...
... Gangopadhay et al., (1996) found infestation of L. orbonalis in every variety under investigation; moreover exotic varieties were more infested as compared to the local ones. Screening of brinjal genotypes against shoot and fruit borer infestation have been also done by Mishra et al. (1988), Lit et al. (2002), Elanchezhyan et al. (2008) and Mannan et al. (2009), Javed et al. (2011. ...
Response of different brinjal genotypes against brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee.) was evaluated at Vegetable Research Centre, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) in kharif (rainy season) 2011-2012. 192 eggplant entries/accessions were evaluated for resistance to shoot and fruit borer. Minimum mean infestation in fruits was found in genotype EC305163 (0.0%) and IC090132 (0.0%) while maximum mean infestation in fruits was recorded in IC261792 (100%) and IC420406 (100%). Among 192 genotypes of brinjal tested, two of them EC305163 and IC090132 was found immune to shoot and fruit borer, three genotype namely IC545256, IC433625 and IC264470 found resistance, 21 fairly resistance, 38 tolerant, 52 susceptible and rest 76 genotypes were found highly susceptible to brinjal shoot and fruit borer.
... EG075 [46] Jumki-1, Jumki-2, Islampuri-3, BL-34, Singhnath-4 and Singhnath long [132] Philippines EG203 [125] Pakistan Shilpa, Nirala and Hybrid 3715 [281] [94] , [265] Thailand and Taiwan ...
Keywords: ABSTRACT Brinjal, shoot and fruit borer, resistant varieties, Good agronomic practices (GAP), Organic manure, Pheromone traps, Biorational control, and Sustainable management Brinjal, Solanum melongena Linnaeus belongs to family solanaceae also known Eggplant or Baingan and it is the most important widely grown vegetable both for raw and cooked purpose and attack by the major and serious pest known asbrinjal shoot and fruit borer [Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)] which is responsible for causing up to 37-100% damage as well as quality and quantity loss in brinjal. In order to manage this problem, farmers still depends on the pesticides, but excessive use of pesticides has resulted residues in the food chain, phytotoxicity, pesticide resistance, pest resurgence, bioaccumulation and secondary pest outbreak, in addition to causing harmful effect on the environment and non-targeted beneficial organisms. Here, we reviewed the sustainable approaches to reduce the incidence of brinjal shoot andfruit borer toachieve sustainability in brinjalproduction technology through the implementation of integrated approaches. We found that following major points have been reported to reduce the survival and damage of shoot and fruit borer: (1) use of resistant varieties (2) implementing a number of cultural practices, such as sowing time,plant density, inter/mixed/relay crops (coriander, clustrebean fennel, chilly, redhuni, radish, mint, onion, clover, fenugreek, maizeand African marigold), avoid ratooning of crop, collection and destruction of dried shoot tips and damaged fruits, mechanical practices as barriers and installing bird perches(3) monitoringthrough the pheromone traps(4) spraying repellent made up of neem seed kernel (NSK). Hence, integration of all these approaches in a unified manner has exposed more good results for sustainable management of shoot and fruit borer. This review highlights examples of successful management approaches from the past studies that were implemented in experimental trials and farmers' fields. We concluded that an integrated approach is the most effective for long-term sustainable and eco-friendly management programs for shoot and fruit borer. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 Lalita, et.al, 2021 Agricultural Mechanization in Asia 1304 International License.
... In another study, Amit et al. [27] screened twenty five brinjal varieties against brinjal shoot and fruit borer and red spider mite and IBH-3, IBL-116, Rajindra brinjal, KS-356, JB-24, JBH-8, IBH-02 andCHBR-1 were found tolerant. The research carried out at RARS, Jamalpur, Bangladesh showed that, the brinjal varieties Jumki-1 and Jumki-2 were highly resistant (HR), Islampuri-3, BL-34 and Muktakeshi were fairly resistant (FR), Singnath long and Singnath-4 were tolerant to brinjal shoot and fruit borer [28]. ...
In vegetables the factors for biotic stress are pests, diseases and nematodes. The damages induced by these factors reflect highly on production, productivity and quality. Although application of pesticides/fungicides and nematicides has managed these stresses, excessive use of unsafe chemicals results in environmental pollution and leave residues in vegetables which are above threshold levels and also promote the development of new races/biotypes of pests and pathogens. Therefore vegetable improvement works concentrate on high yielding varieties with multiple resistance to these biotic stresses. For such studies, the knowledge on the genetic basis of resistance and plant-pest/pathogen interactions is necessary which will in turn improve the efficiency of the breeding programmes by introducing resistant genes and result in high-yielding genetically resistant cultivars. For the development of resistant varieties and pre-breed lines, information on sources of resistance is prerequisite and serve as a backbone in the breeding programme. Further, gene action responsible for the inheritance of characters helps in the choice of suitable breeding methods for the improvement of the crop. Work has been done by using the various breeding methods and resistant varieties have been bred and they offer the cheapest means of pest/disease/nematode control. Resistant varieties obviate the use of chemicals, thus reduce environmental pollution and facilitate safe food for human consumption.
... Further it was found that Arka Kusumakar and SM-10 were resistant to shoot and fruit borer (Jat et al., 2003a). Mannan et al. (2003) reported that both in number and weight the brinjal (Yadav et al., 2003) The cultivars with anatomical characters such as more lignified hypodermis, compact vascular bundles and narrow shoot pith were less susceptible cultivars. It was found that there was significant negative correlation between silica contents and the degree of shoot infestation. ...
Thirty four traditional brinjal cultivars were screened against shoot and fruit borer Leucinodes orbonalis Guen, Hadda beetle Henosepilacna vigintoctopunctata, Leaf folder Antoba olivacea and leaf hopper Amrasca biguttulla biguttulla. Maximum shoot infestation was noticed in dodda badane (42.63 per cent) and minimum in holesalu badane (27.52 per cent).
One of the major elements in any Integrated Pest management (IPM) programme is the use of resistant cultivars to insect pests. Host plant resistance (HPR) has offered the simple solution for insect pests and insect vector transmissible disease management on several agricultural and horticultural crops from time to time. Host plant resistance, tolerance and susceptibility to insect pests in fruit crops, namely mango, citrus, guava, sapota, banana, pomegranate, ber, custard apple, aonla, jackfruit, bael, date palm and apple, vegetables, namely tomato, brinjal, okra, chillies, onion, snake gourd, pumpkin, bitter gourd, bottle gourd, sponge gourd, ridge gourd, musk melon, watermelon, cowpea, cabbage and drumstick, tuber crops, namely potato, cassava, dioscorea, taro, elephant and elephant foot yam, ornamentals, namely rose, carnation, chrysanthemum and gerbera, spices, namely black pepper, turmeric, cardamom, cumin, coriander, fennel and fenugreek, plantation crops like tea, coffee and cashew, are discussed. These resistant varieties can be cultivated without much change in normal practice of cultivation, and tolerant and less susceptible varieties can also be incorporated into insect pest management practices.
Leucinodes orbonalis is a monophagous pest on brinjal. However, it is also being reported that it may switch to other Solanaceae plants under the stress of the non-availability of the host for feeding. The larvae feed inside the fruit and reduce its nutritive value, and yield loss may reach up to 90%. The pest has discouraged farmers from growing brinjal, which is a profitable crop labelling it as a devastating pest of brinjal. The management methods use biological means such as the use of natural enemies, and other approaches such as sex pheromones, neuropeptides, improvement of genetically modified crops, and RNA interference tools. Though these methods have faced some challenges in implementation, are harmless, supportable, and also species-specific. In the current review, we have discussed the cultural practices, chemical control, and biological methods that have been used in the past or are currently in practice for pest management. Apart from this, we have also discussed a few of the quite recent but hopeful technologies, that can be thought for a tool for the control of L. orbonalis.
Host plant resistance mechanisms play an important role in developing cultivars with resistance to the target pests; information regarding morphological and biochemical factors contributing to the resistance is essential for developing pest-resistant cultivars. As a result, we investigated the contribution of various morphological and biochemical characters in forty-two eggplant genotypes against Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée, in Himachal Pradesh, India. Out of all the phenotypic parameters evaluated, pericarp thickness (r = 0.89) has significantly positive correlation with fruit infestation, whereas trichome density had significantly negative correlation (r = − 0.89). Analysis of the biochemical compounds in the eggplant genotypes revealed that total phenols (r = − 0.71), polyphenol oxidase (r = − 0.63), peroxidases (r = − 0.35), phenylalanine ammonium lyase (r = − 0.71) and solasodine (r = − 0.81) had significantly negative correlation with the per cent fruit infestation by L. orbonalis while the reducing sugars (r = 0.66) and non-reducing sugars (r = 0.62) showed a significantly positive correlation. Molecular characterization by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers also revealed the presence of high genetic diversity among different eggplant genotypes, where 17 polymorphic RAPD primers produced a total of 167 amplicons, among which 144 amplicons were polymorphic and 23 monomorphic bands. PCR-amplified DNA fragment size ranged from 100 to 2500 bp, mean polymorphism was 86.42% and the average PIC value was 0.444. Jaccards coefficient–based dendrogram grouped 40 eggplant genotypes into two major clusters. Results also revealed that the resistant genotypes accumulated higher levels of defensive biochemical enzymes such as phenols, PO, PPO, PAL and solasodine to confer insect resistance. Molecular characterization also revealed that genotypes in the present study were genetically diverse and could be used in future breeding and improvement programmes in this crop. Genotypes, IC411485 and IC090951, in particular, can be used as varied parents in breeding programmes to generate improved lines in terms of resistance to L. orbonalis.
Current experiment was conducted to screen out seven different cultivars of eggplant against eggplant fruit and shoot borer (Leucinodes orbonalis G.). The experiment was carried out at Entomological research area, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan during March 2018 to July 2018 as spring sown crop. The trial was carried out according to RCB design having seven treatments (varieties) and four replications. Data was recorded on three different dates (i.e. 10-06-2018, 25-06-2018 and 10-07-2018). Results showed that maximum mean percent shoot infestation was recorded on Eggplant F1 Chaya 704 (52.46 ± 2.92%) while minimum mean shoot infestation was observed in Eggplant Long Purple Sky 384 (10.59 ± .95%). Maximum mean fruit infestation was also recorded in Eggplant F1 Chaya 704 (55.99 ± 4.83%) while the lowest mean value was observed in Eggplant Black Boy 706 (13.13 ± 4.36%). Correlation studies showed that there was significant positive correlation between shoot infestation and plant height (r= .260*) and significant positive correlation among fruit infestation and length of fruit (r= .205). After grading of varieties, it was concluded that there was only Eggplant Black Boy 706 placed at resistant grade due to least fruit as well as shoot infestation. Eggplant Black Long US 3715 and Eggplant Rosa Bianca Organic was observed as tolerant varieties against the pest. It was concluded that afore-mentioned varieties contained genetical resistance against eggplant shoot and fruit borer. These varieties should be disseminated in agriculture sector as environmentally safe plant protection measure. Furthermore, superior traits of resistant plants should be genetically evaluated to improve other varieties.
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