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Telepathic Telephone Calls: Two Surveys

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Rupert Sheldrake at Institute of Noetic Sciences
Rupert Sheldrake
  • Institute of Noetic Sciences
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Many people claim to have thought about a particular person who then calls them on the telephone. Through informal surveys I have found that seemingly telepathic telephone calls are common. Two telephone surveys were carried out in London and Bury to investigate the frequency of these experiences in a random sample of the population. In both surveys, half the respondents said they had felt that someone was about to telephone them just before they did. In Bury, 45 per cent of the respondents said they had thought about a person they had not seen for a while who then telephoned the same day, and two thirds of the Bury respondents said they had telephoned people who said they were just thinking about telephoning them. In Bury, 37 per cent of respondents who said they had know in advance who was calling without any possible clue said this happened often. In both surveys significantly more women than men gave positive responses, and in both surveys more pet owners than people without pets gave positive responses. In London significantly more people claimed to have anticipated telephone calls that to have had psychic experiences. Telepathic telephone calls may be one of the commonest kinds of psychic experience in the modern world, and I suggest ways in which they can be investigated empirically.
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... Rupert Sheldrake and colleagues conducted two surveys on this phenomena in California and the UK (Brown & Sheldrake, 2001;Sheldrake, 2000). Amongst other questions they asked both populations: "Have you ever heard the telephone ring or picked up the telephone and known who was on the other end without possible cue, before they have spoken?" ...
... This result is in accordance with the hypothesis that all accounts for strange experiences as described in the introduction are due to coincidences, selective memory or unconscious expectancy and the like. But this result is definitive not in accordance with the findings reported by Sheldrake andSmart (2003a, 2003b). ...
... The first interpretation that the Sheldrake findings are based on erroneous methods is of course one possibility. But one has to acknowledge that the experimental procedures described by Sheldrake andSmart (2003a, 2003b) show a steady increase in controls and thoroughness from the first pilot trials to the final design with videotaped sessions and significant effects are reported for all of these different protocols. Of course one can never be sure what really happens in these studies until one witnesses the data collection, but from the information that was available to us these data look valid and cannot be explained away. ...
DO YOU KNOW WHO IS ON THE PHONE? REPLICATION OF AN EXPERIMENT ON TELEPHONE TELEPATHY
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2004
Many people report that they know in advance who is on the phone when the telephone is ringing. Such reports may be explained by selective memory or expectancy effects but there are also examples that resist such hypotheses. Thus many people believe in an extrasensory communication transfer that may be termed 'telephone telepathy'. Surveys show that this kind of belief is widespread and might be one of the most common beliefs regarding the paranormal. Rupert Sheldrake conducted several experiments to find out whether this effect is really due to ESP. Subjects had to determine which one of four possible callers is on the phone while the telephone was still ringing. Sheldrake reports highly significant hit rates that cannot be explained by conventional theories. He claims furthermore that callers who are familiar to the person answering the phone are identified at significant better rates than unfamiliar callers. We attempted to replicate both of these findings by setting up a replication experiment. Twenty-one participants were twice invited for a two-hour session in an office-like room and were asked to pre-identify the callers of 10 phone calls during each session. The caller could be either one of two persons known to the participant or one of two persons unknown to them. With these four possible callers there is a mean chance expectation of 25% correct guesses. Participants were asked to complete questionnaires on earlier experiences with 'telephone telepathy', mood, personality and paranormal belief. Then participants spent approximately 100 minutes in the room together with an experimenter while the whole session was recorded on videotape. Approximately every ten minutes a telephone rang and the participant had to announce his call before the experimenter lifted the receiver to check who was calling. The sequence of the four possible callers was determined by a random event generator. Overall valid responses were obtained on 397 calls and the participants identified 106 calls (26.7%) correctly. This result is not significant (z = 0.78). However, 67 (63.2 %) of the correct calls were by familiar callers showing that this group was identified more often than the unknown callers. But this result can be explained by a response bias in the participants because in all 397 calls they responded 242 times (61.0%) with the name of a familiar person. This resulted in a non-significant hit rate of 27.7% and also in a non-significant hit rate of 25.2 % (z = 0.05, n.s.) for the unfamiliar callers respectively. The difference between these two hit rates itself is not significant. Thus, this replication attempt failed to yield any telepathic effect. The possible reasons for the non- significant results are discussed.
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... To find out how common this type of experience is we conducted a telephone survey of randomly selected households in Santa Cruz County, California. Two previous telephone surveys in England, one in London and the other in Greater Manchester, indicated that this type of experience occurs quite frequently (Sheldrake, 2000). In both surveys, more than half the respondents said they had felt that someone was about to telephone them just before they did so. ...
... In a previous survey in Santa Cruz about perceptive pets, we found that significantly more pet owners said they had had a psychical experience than people without pets (Brown & Sheldrake, 1998). Also in the English surveys, there was a tendency for more pet owners to say they had anticipated telephone calls than people without pets (Sheldrake, 2000). To find out whether these observations were repeatable, in this survey we also asked people whether or not they had a pet ...
... These results are directly comparable with those of a recent survey in Bury, Greater Manchester, England (Sheldrake, 2000). People in Bury were asked the same questions as people in Santa Cruz (except for the question about mobile phones, not asked in Bury). ...
The anticipation of telephone calls: A survey in California
Article
Full-text available
  • Jun 2001
A sample of 200 randomly selected people was surveyed in Santa Cruz County, California, to investigate the frequency and nature of anticipations of telephone calls. Of those surveyed, 78% said that they have had the experience of telephoning someone who said that they were just thinking about telephoning them; 47% said that they had had the experience of knowing who was calling them when the phone rang without any possible cue; and 68% said that they had thought about a person whom they have not seen for a while; who had then telephoned them that same day. A higher proportion of women than men gave positive answers to these questions. These results are in general agreement with 2 previous surveys in England, although there were several significant differences, which are discussed. These surveys reveal that seemingly telepathic experiences in connection with telephone calls are remarkably common. The authors suggest ways that this phenomenon can be investigated empirically.
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... There is no analogue for such ability amongst the known bodily communication channels. However, there is good evidence that in everyday life average people have a weak version of this capacity, for instance being able to detect if someone is staring at them (Sheldrake, 2005) or thinking about them (Sheldrake, 2000;Sheldrake & Brown, 2001). These data are controversial exactly because proponents of the mainstream view accept that the known bodily sensori-kinetic channels cannot mediate such perceptions (Kurtz, 1985). ...
... Under ordinary circumstances, reflecting good soul-body integration (eupraxia), people typically have weak (but not insignificant) psychonetic abilities, enabling them for instance to detect when they are being stared at, to know when a remote friend is thinking about them, to sense that a remote loved one is in crisis, to engender useful "co-incidences," and to facilitate or hinder the smooth working of equipment (Gurney, Myers, & Podmore, 1886;Sheldrake, 1999Sheldrake, , 2000Sheldrake, , 2002Sheldrake, , 2005Sheldrake & Brown, 2001;Walach & Schmidt, 2005, pp. 58-60). ...
Near-Death Experiences and the Mind-Body Relationship: A Systems- Theoretical Perspective
Article
  • Jan 2011
  • J Near Death Stud
In this paper I support the view that NDEs provide empirical sup-port for mind-body substance dualism and argue that a systems-theoretical an-alysis of the evidence is required to obtain valid insights into the nature of the mind as a substantial object existing in addition to the body. Without such an approach, systems phenomena such as property emergence and property mask-ing could lead to mischaracterization of both the nature of the mind itself and the ways in which the mind and body work together holistically. Applying a systems-theoretical perspective, I show that some psychic abilities are emergent capacities of the mind-body system, that ordinary faculties such as emotional perceptiveness can be understood within the same framework as extraordinary faculties such as telepathy, and that NDE evidence favors a naturalistic form of Substance Dualism.
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... Many people say that they have had telepathic experiences in connection with telephone calls, emails, SMS messages and instant messaging systems (Brown & Sheldrake, 2001;Sheldrake, 2000Sheldrake, , 2003. Typically, people say they started thinking about somebody for no apparent reason who shortly afterwards called them on the telephone, sent an email, or text message, or they felt who was calling when the phone rang before looking at the caller ID or answering the phone. ...
Telecommunication Telepathy: A Meta-Analysis
Article
Full-text available
  • May 2025
Objective: We bring together results from 15 published papers describing 26 telecommunication telepathy experiments published between 2003 and 2024 in a meta-analysis to explore the patterns in these results and their overall significance. Methods: The basic experimental design in these experiments involved four potential callers in remote locations. For each trial one of these callers was chosen at random and asked to call the participant, who was on a telephone without a caller ID. The participant then named the caller before answering the phone. Similar experiments were carried out with email and SMS messages. By random guessing, the hit rate would be around 25%. We collected relevant studies from reference lists and online searches and used a random-effects model in the meta-analysis. Results: Overall, hit rates were very significant above chance level (p = 1x10-7). By contrast, in tests carried out under precognitive conditions, the hit rates were at chance. There was no significant difference between the results of Sheldrake and his colleagues, who carried out most of the studies, and independent replications. Selected participants had significantly higher hit rates than unselected participants, and hit rates were significantly higher when callers and participants shared an emotional bond. The effect sizes in telecommunication telepathy are higher than those in ganzfeld and dream telepathy tests. Conclusion: Research on telecommunication telepathy could become an increasingly fruitful area for psi research, especially in conjunction with automated intuition training apps.
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... One of the most common kinds of apparent telepathy occurs in connection with telephone calls (Sheldrake, 2000(Sheldrake, , 2003Brown & Sheldrake, 2001). Most people claim to have had experiences in which they think of someone for no apparent reason, then that person calls; or they know who is calling when the phone rings before picking it up; or they call someone who says "I was just thinking about you!" ...
Testing for Telepathy in Connection with e-Mails
Article
Full-text available
This study investigated possible telepathic communication in connection with e-mails. On each trial, there were four potential e-mailers, one of whom was selected at random by the experimenter. One minute before a prearranged time at which the e-mail was to be sent, the participant guessed who would send it. 50 participants (29 women and 21 men) were recruited through an employment web site. Of 552 trials, 235 (43%) guesses were hits, significantly above the chance expectation of 25%. Further tests with 5 participants (4 women, 1 man, ages 16 to 29) were videotaped continuously. On the filmed trials, the 64 hits of 137 (47%) were significantly above chance.
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... One of the most common kinds of apparent telepathy occurs in connection with telephone calls (Sheldrake, 2000(Sheldrake, , 2003Brown & Sheldrake, 2001). Most people claim to have had experiences in which they think of someone for no apparent reason, then that person calls; or they know who is calling when the phone rings before picking it up; or they call someone who says "I was just thinking about you!" ...
Nauka ili pseudonauka – primer istraživanja telepatije
Article
  • Jun 2021
It is not always easy to draw a dividing line between true scientific theo- ries, erroneous but verifiable scientific theories and pseudo-scientific ones that are impos- sible to verify. As an example, this paper presents researches on various phenomena of extra-sensory perception, precognition, clairvoyance, distance communication, premonition for receiving SMS messages, phone calls or e-mails, which are classified in the domain of telepathy research. They were conducted within different paradigms, with diverse re- search methodologies and approaches, from anecdotal experiences, case studies and intui- tive reasoning, to careful recording of data and their statistical processing. In recent years, researches have been conducted using state-of-the-art “brain-to-brain” technology, which is used to register brain activities of the research participants. Telepathy has not remained uninteresting even to some modern physicists who find in Einstein’s theory of relativity and the laws of quantum physics the possibility of postulating a new quantum model of telepathy. This new, unconventional approach to the research of telepathy is conditioned by the paradigm shift in the research of this phenomenon and significant shifts from the pseudo-scientific to the scientific approach. This paper aims to point out the necessity of setting a clear demarcation line between scientific and pseudo-scientific research and building the ability of critical thinking, which is a condition for differentiating science from pseudoscience. Using a specific example of the phenomenon of telepathy, we underlined the importance of research in the development of scientific knowledge, but the kind of research that meets the reproducibility and verifiability criteria that clearly differentiate science from pseudoscience.
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... Tales experiencias son el tipo más común de telepatía en el mundo moderno (Sheldrake, 2000, 2003, Brown & Sheldrake, 2001. Sorprendentemente, los investigadores psíquicos y parapsicólogos parecen haber ignorado este fenómeno. ...
Investigaciones Experimentales En Telepatía Por Teléfono
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2004
_Revista Argentina de Psicología Paranormal_ RESUMEN Muchas personas afirman saber quien llama antes de atender el teléfono, o haber pensado en alguien sin razón aparente, y la persona luego llama. Llevamos cabo una serie de experimentos para testear si la gente podía o no decirnos realmente quien estaba llamando por teléfono. Cada participante tuvo cuatro posibles "llamadores" potenciales, y cuando el teléfono sonaba se les invitaba a decir quien estaba llamando antes que la otra persona hablara. La probabilidad estadística de éxito se calculó en un 25% de un total de 571 ensayos no videograbados, involucrando a 63 participantes. El resultado global fue del 40% con un 95% de confiabilidad dentro de los límites entre 36 a 45%. El efecto fue altamente significativo (p= 4x10 -16). Investigamos subsiguientes pruebas con cuatro participantes bajo condiciones más rigurosas, de las cuales fueron videograbadas las sesiones experimentales, y estas videocintas evaluadas en forma independientemente por un sujeto a "ciegas" de los detalles experimentales. De un total de 271 ensayos videograbados, el rango de éxito fue de 45% (p= 1x10-12). El nivel de confiabilidad fue de un 95% dentro de un rango de éxito de entre el 39% al 51%. Los participantes tuvieron mucho más éxito con llamadas de familiares que con llamadas de extraños y esta diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa. No hubo efecto de declinación con la distancia, aún cuando algunos llamadores se encontraban a 18.000 km. de distancia. Estos efectos parecen ser inexplicables en términos de habiliades o fraude y produjo una fuerte evidencia de la realidad de la telepatía telefónica. Abstract. Many people claim to have known who was calling before they picked up the telephone, or to have thought about someone for no apparent reason, and that person then called. We carried out a series of experiments to test whether or not people really could tell who was telephoning. Each participant had four potential callers, and when the telephone rang had to guess who was calling before the other person spoke. By chance the success rate would have been 25%. In a total of 571 non-videotaped trials, involving 63 participants, the overall success rate was 40%, with 95% confidence limits from 36 to 45%. This effect was highly significant statistically (p= 4x10-16). We then carried out further trials with four participants under more rigorous conditions in which they were videotaped throughout the experimental sessions, and the videotapes were evaluated independently by a person blind to the experimental details. In a total of 271 videotaped trials the success rate was 45% (p= 1x10-12). The 95% confidence limits of this success rate were from 39% to 51%. Participants were much more successful with familiar callers than unfamiliar callers, and this difference was highly significant statistically. There was no decline with distance, even when callers were 18.000 km. away. These effects do not seem to be explicable in terms of artefacts or cheating and provide strong evidence for the reality of telephone telepathy.
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... Apparent telepathy in connection with telephone calls is common. Many people say that they have known who was calling when the phone started ringing, or that they have thought of someone for no apparent reason, and that person called soon afterwards (Sheldrake, 2000(Sheldrake, , 2003Brown & Sheldrake, 2001). ...
A FILMED EXPERIMENT ON TELEPHONE TELEPATHY WITH THE NOLAN SISTERS
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2004
The ability of people to guess who is calling on the telephone has recently been tested experimentally in more than 850 trials. The results were positive and hugely significant statistically. Participants had four potential callers in distant locations. At the beginning of each trial, remote from the participant, the experimenter randomly selected one of the callers by the throw of a die, and asked the chosen caller to ring the participant. When the phone rang, the participant guessed who the caller was before picking up the receiver. By chance, about 25% of the guesses would have been correct. In fact, on average 42% were correct. The present experiment was an attempt to replicate previous tests, and was filmed for television. The participant and her callers were all sisters, formerly members of the Nolan Sisters band, popular in Britain in the 1980s. We conducted 12 trials in which the participant and her callers were 1 km apart. Six out of 12 guesses (50%) were correct. The results were significant at the p=0.05 level.
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Who's calling? Evaluating the accuracy of guessing who is on the phone
Article
  • Aug 2023
Some people claim to occasionally know who is calling them without using traditional means. Controlled experiments testing these claims report mixed results. We conducted a cross-sectional study of triads examining the accuracy of knowing who was calling using two randomly selected designs: 1) a web server randomly chose the caller before the callee's guess (telepathic/pre-selected trials), and 2) a web server randomly chose the caller after the callee's guess (precognitive/post-selected trials). We also performed exploratory multilevel mixed-effects logistic regressions on the relationship of genetic relationships, emotional closeness, communication frequency, and physical distance data with accuracy. A total of 177 participants completed at least one trial (105 “completers” completed all 12 trials). Accuracy was significantly above chance for the 210 completers telepathic/pre-selected trials (50.0% where the chance expectation was 33.3%, p<.001) but not the 630 completers precognitive/post-selected trials (31.9% where the chance expectation was 33.3%, p = .61). We discuss how these results favor the psi hypothesis, although conventional explanations cannot be completely excluded. Genetic relatedness significantly predicted accuracy in the regression model (Wald χ2 = 53.0, P < .001) for all trials. Compared to 0% genetic relatedness, the odds of accurately identifying the caller was 2.88 times (188%) higher for 25% genetic relatedness (Grandparent/Grandchild or Aunt/Uncle or Niece/Nephew or Half Sibling; β = 1.06, z = 2.10, P = .04), but the other genetic relatedness levels were not significant. In addition, communication frequency was significant (β = 0.006, z = 2.19, P = .03) but physical distance (β = 0.0002, z = 1.56, P = .12) and emotional closeness (β = 0.005, z = 1.87, P = .06) were not for all trials. To facilitate study recruitment and completion, unavoidable changes to the protocol were made during the study due to persistent recruitment difficulties, including changing inclusion/exclusion criteria, increasing total call attempts to participants, adjusting trial type randomization schema to ensure trial type balance, and participant compensation. Thus, future research will be needed to continue to improve the methodology and examine the mechanism by which people claim to know who is calling, as well as factors that may moderate the effects.
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Experimental Tests for Telephone Telepathy
Article
Full-text available
  • Jul 2003
Many people claim to have known who was calling before they picked up the telephone, or to have thought about someone for no apparent reason, who then called. We carried out a series of experiments to test whether or not people really could tell who was telephoning. Each participant had four potential callers, and when the telephone rang had to guess who was calling before the other person spoke. By chance the success rate would have been 25%. In a total of 571 trials, involving 63 participants, the overall success rate was 40%, with 95% confidence limits from 36 to 45%. This effect was hugely significant statistically (p = 4 x 10-16). We obtained similar positive effects when the calls were made at randomly chosen times, and when the calls were made at fixed times known to the subject in advance. With 37 participants, we compared the success rates with familiar and unfamiliar callers and found a striking difference. With familiar callers, 53% of the guesses were correct (n = 190; p = 1 x 10-16). With unfamiliar callers, only 25% of the guesses were correct, exactly at the chance level. This difference between the responses with familiar and unfamiliar callers was highly significant (p = 3 x 10-7). We also investigated the effects of distance between the callers and participants. With overseas callers at least 1,000 miles away, the success rate was 65% (n = 43; p = 3 x 10-8). With callers in Britain, the success rate was lower (35%). In most cases, the overseas callers were people to whom the participants were closely bonded. For the successful identification of callers, emotional closeness seemed to be more important than physical proximity.
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Psychic Pets: A Survey in North-West England
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 1997
A telephone survey was carried out in Greater Manchester to find out how many pet owners had observed seemingly psychic abilities in their pets. 46% of dog owners claimed their animals knew in advance when a member of the household was on their way home, compared with 14% of cat owners. Most of these animals reacted 5 minutes or less in advance, but a substantial proportion reacted 10 minutes or more in advance of the person's return. 69% of dog owners and 48% of cat owners thought there pets knew when they were going out before they showed any physical signs of doing so. 53% of dog owners and 33% of cat owners thought their pet responded to their thoughts or silent commands; and similar percentages thought their pet was sometimes telepathic with them. Just over half of those who had kept pets in the past thought that some of these animals were telepathic. More dog than cat owners claimed to have had psychic experiences themselves, and a higher proportion of "psychic" pet owners claimed that their pets exhibited psychic powers than "non-psychic" owners. The potential for experimental investigations of the seemingly psychic powers of pets is discussed.
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Perceptive Pets: A Survey of North-West California
Article
Full-text available
  • Jul 1988
A telephone survey of 200 households was carried out in North-West California to find out how many pet owners claim to have observed seemingly psychic abilities in their animals. 132 of the households surveyed had pets. 45% of dog owners claimed their animal knew in advance when a member of the household was on the way home, compared with 31% of cat owners, and around 20% of these animals were said to react more than 10 minutes in advance. 65% of dog owners and 37% of cat owners said their pets knew that they were going out before they showed any physical signs of doing so. 46% of dog owners and 41% of cat owners said that their pet responded to their thoughts or silent commands, and 42% of dog owners and 34% of cat owners said that their pet was sometimes telepathic with them. 49% of pet owners and 31% of non-pet owners said that some of the animals that they had known in the past were telepathic. Significantly more pet owners claimed to have had psychic experiences themselves than non-pet owners, and a significantly higher proportion of 'psychic' pet owners claimed that their pets exhibited psychic powers than 'non-psychic' owners. These findings are in general agreement with a previous survey in England. Some implications of these results are discussed.
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Perceptive pets: A survey in London
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 1998
  • RIV BIOL-BIOL FORUM
A survey was carried out by telephone in London to find out how any pet owners had observed seemingly telepathic abilities in their pets. 52% of dog owners claimed that their animals knew in advance when a member of the household was on the way home, compared with 24% of cat owners. Of the animals that reacted, 21% of dogs and 19% of cats were said to do so more than 10 minutes before the person's return. 73% of dog owners and 52% of cat owners said their pets knew when the owners were going out before they showed any signs of doing so. 43% of dog owners and 41% of cat owners said their pets responded to their thoughts or silent commands; and 57% of dog owners and 37% of cat owners said their pets were sometimes telepathic with them. 46% of people with pets now and 37% of people without pets now said that they had known pets in the past that were telepathic. 39% of those with pets now and 38% of those currently without pets said they themselves had had psychic experiences. But significantly fewer of those who had never kept pets had had psychic experiences themselves. The results of this survey are compared with two similar surveys in North-West England and in California. The general pattern was remarkably similar in these three very different locations, and shows that seemingly telepathic abilities in pets are common. In all locations dogs were more responsive than cats to their owners' thoughts and intentions. The potential for experimental investigations of these abilities is discussed.
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Young people and the paranormal
Article
  • Jan 1992
Surveyed 340 college students (aged 16–19 yrs) regarding their beliefs in the paranormal. 54.4% of the sample claimed personal experience of at least 1 paranormal event. Analysis of the various categories of experience showed their relative frequencies to decrease in the following order: déjà vu, precognition, ghosts, telepathy, out of body experience, unidentified flying objects, poltergeists, and apparitions of the living. Gender, intellect, and training in science (as opposed to the arts) had little effect on susceptibility to paranormal experience. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
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Representative national surveys of psychic phenomena: Iceland, Great Britain, Sweden, USA and Gallup's Multinational Survey
Article
  • Oct 1985
Reviews results of national surveys conducted from 1974–1984 in Iceland, the UK, Sweden, the US, and Western Europe, which show widespread belief in the existence of psychic phenomena, although they also reflect national differences. Findings reveal that the majority of the Ss believed in some psychic phenomena and that at least 6 in every 10 Ss interpreted some of their personal experiences as paranormal in nature. In some countries the role of education was positively related to reports of psychic experience. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
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Dogs That Know When Their Owners Are Coming Home, and Other Unexplained Powers of Animals
  • Jan 1999
  • R Sheldrake
Sheldrake, R. (1999) Dogs That Know When Their Owners Are Coming Home, and Other Unexplained Powers of Animals. London: Hutchinson.