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0 The Early Days of Survey Research in Latin America
Abstract
The first surveys in Latin America and the "Office of Inter-American Affairs" Systematic empirical survey research emerged in Latin America as a result of the objectives of the "Office of Inter-American Affairs" (OIAA), an agency created in August 1940 by the U.S. government and chaired by Nelson A. Rockefeller. Aimed at increasing and strengthening hem-ispheric solidarity and combatting Axis propaganda, the Coordinator realized that his program required an in-depth knowledge of the field conditions in Latin America as well as reliable research methodologies (Rowland, 1947: 1–7). Even compared to the activities undertaken by the Committee on Public Information from April 1917 to the end of World War I (Creel, 1972), the OIAA was the most ambitious project ever attempted in the western hemisphere in the fields of international and intercultural com-munication, propaganda, cultural diplomacy, public relations and mass communication research (Rowland, 1947; Aikman, 1942: 551–553).
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México Los estudios científicos de opinión pública en México surgen de la necesidad de conocer el "estado anímico" y la "actitud" de la sociedad con respecto a la situación de la guerra, sus distintas facetas, etapas, actores, lugares y sucesos, manteniendo una observación crítica al papel que los medios de comunicación juegan en la conformación de ese estado anímico y esa actitud de la sociedad. Este texto, resalta por la cuidadosa selección de información que contempla los resultados de los estudios, pero también a los mensajes transmitidos por los medios de comunicación y a otros tipos de fuentes (cartas, sucesos, discursos, fotografías, entrevistas, etc.) que complementan y triangulan una reconstrucción de la opinión pública nacional durante los seis años que duró el conflicto.
In the aftermath of the 1910 Mexican Revolution, Mexican and U.S. political leaders, business executives, and ordinary citizens shaped modern Mexico by making industrial capitalism the key to upward mobility into the middle class, material prosperity and a new form of democracy--consumer democracy. This book explains how Mexico's industrial capitalism between 1920 and 1950 shaped the country's national identity, contributed to Mexico's emergence as a modern nation state, and transformed U.S.-Mexican relations.
Published at a time when the U.S. government’s public diplomacy is in crisis, this book provides an exhaustive account of how it used to be done. The United States Information Agency was created in 1953 to "tell America’s story to the world" and, by engaging with the world through international information, broadcasting, culture and exchange programs, became an essential element of American foreign policy during the Cold War. Based on newly declassified archives and more than 100 interviews with veterans of public diplomacy, from the Truman administration to the fall of the Berlin Wall, Nicholas J. Cull relates both the achievements and the endemic flaws of American public diplomacy in this period. Major topics include the process by which the Truman and Eisenhower administrations built a massive overseas propaganda operation; the struggle of the Voice of America radio to base its output on journalistic truth; the challenge of presenting Civil Rights, the Vietnam War, and Watergate to the world; and the climactic confrontation with the Soviet Union in the 1980s. This study offers remarkable and new insights into the Cold War era.
This article consists of several parts:it explores the broad level of participation in Mexican society of citizens and companies associated with the Axis powers; it then looks at the use that several key political and economic figures in Mexico and the United States made of the reality, and or the fear of Axis influence; finally the article explores the treatment of the Axis nationals after Mexico entered World War II.
Este artíículo consiste de varias partes: explora el alto nivel de participacióón de ciudadanos y compaññíías asociadas con los poderes del Eje en la sociedad mexicana;luego observa eluso que varias figuras claves de la políítica y la economíía de Mééxico hicieron de la realidad y deltemor a la influencia delEje;y finalmente, el artíículo explora el tratamiento de los nacionales del Eje despuéés de la entrada de Mééxico en la Segunda Guerra Mundial.
This article documents public opinion research activities in Mexico in the 1940s and the role played by Hungarian professor
László Radványi, who immigrated to that country at the height of World War II. Our research relies on several of Radványi's
publications archived in different countries, as well as on interviews with family, acquaintances, and experts on the work
of his wife, the German poet Anna Seghers. During his years in Mexico, Radványi founded the Scientific Institute of Mexican
Public Opinion, in 1941, and the International Journal of Opinion and Attitude Research, in 1947—a forefather of today's IJPOR. He was also a founding member of WAPOR. His early “sample surveys” raised important
methodological issues and recorded opinion results that reflect the vibrant times of war and policy making in a modernizing
country. However, Radványi's contribution to the profession has been virtually forgotten. Until now, accounts about how public
opinion research began in Mexico either ignored Radványi's works or reduced his ten years of survey research to a single footnote.
This article is an attempt to fill this enormous omission and highlight some of Radványi's contributions to these early stages
of survey research.
Incluye bibliografía e índice
Thesis--Northwestern University. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 569-589). Photocopy of typescript. Ann Arbor, Mich. : University Microfilms International, 1977. -- 21 cm.
THE Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs is an outgrowth and a solidification of the “good neighbor policy.” It endeavors to build up a strong mutual respect and understanding among all the nations of the Americas, in order that together they may be better prepared to meet emergency wartime demands and post-war responsibilities. This is another in the Quarterly series of articles discussing the effects of the war upon the public opinion activities of the federal government. Mr. Aikman's interest in Latin America dates from the years he spent on the El Paso Times , five minutes from Mexico. Later he represented the New York Post in South America. At the present time he is in Washington as chief consultant to the press division of the Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs, on leave of absence from PM . His books include The All-American Front and The Taming of the Frontier .
UNDER THE pressure of war, the attention of North Americans has been turning southward to Ibero-America. Although, in the past year, much has been said about the economics and politics of our southern neighbors, little has been written about public opinion in South and Central America. Dr. Child's discussion of public opinion in one Central American republic, Costa Rica, grows out of a year of research in that country during 1941–42 while the author was a Travelling Fellow of the Rockefeller Foundation.
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