No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
The Village Level Impact of Machine Threshing and Implications for Technology Development in Semi-Arid Tropical India
... But where the green revolution raised wages and increased harvested volumes, small threshers were rapidly adopted in Indian Punjab, the Philippines, and Central Thailand as soon as efficient designs were available. By the early 1980s the new threshers were penetrating into other South Asian regions [Walker and Kshirsagar (1981)]. As in the United States in the nineteenth century, these threshers are owned by private entrepreneurs who thresh on a contract-hire basis. ...
... The late 1970s and 1980s have seen the rapid spread of mechanical threshers in parts of Southeast Asia and parts of India [Duff (1986); Walker and Kshirsagar (1981)]. In any given area, the private profitability (efficiency) of using a mechanical thresher over hand beating and animal or tractor treading is determined by yield benefits of mechanized threshings, marketable surplus generated on the farm, and by labor wages and availability during the harvesting-threshing period. ...
... Proponents of the thresher technology usually argue that the mechanical thresher presents a significant increase in realized yields due to: (i) a more complete threshing of grain than manual or treading techniques; (ii) a reduction in losses caused by repeated handling of both threshed and unthreshed materials; and (iii) an increase in cropping intensity resulting from a lower turnaround time with mechanical thresher use. On-farm experiments comparing manual and mechanical threshing have shown that mechanical threshers reduce grain loss by 0.7 to 6% of total yield [Toquero and Duff (1985)]. However, there have been no studies of actual farmer thresher use to see if such savings are observed in practice. ...
... But where the green revolution raised wages and increased harvested volumes, small threshers were rapidly adopted in Indian Punjab, the Philippines, and Central Thailand as soon as efficient designs were available. By the early 1980s the new threshers were penetrating into other South Asian regions [Walker and Kshirsagar (1981)]. As in the United States in the nineteenth century, these threshers are owned by private entrepreneurs who thresh on a contract-hire basis. ...
... The late 1970s and 1980s have seen the rapid spread of mechanical threshers in parts of Southeast Asia and parts of India [Duff (1986); Walker and Kshirsagar (1981)]. In any given area, the private profitability (efficiency) of using a mechanical thresher over hand beating and animal or tractor treading is determined by yield benefits of mechanized threshings, marketable surplus generated on the farm, and by labor wages and availability during the harvesting-threshing period. ...
... Proponents of the thresher technology usually argue that the mechanical thresher presents a significant increase in realized yields due to: (i) a more complete threshing of grain than manual or treading techniques; (ii) a reduction in losses caused by repeated handling of both threshed and unthreshed materials; and (iii) an increase in cropping intensity resulting from a lower turnaround time with mechanical thresher use. On-farm experiments comparing manual and mechanical threshing have shown that mechanical threshers reduce grain loss by 0.7 to 6% of total yield [Toquero and Duff (1985)]. However, there have been no studies of actual farmer thresher use to see if such savings are observed in practice. ...
Over the past half a century developing regions, with the exception of Sub-Saharan Africa, have seen labor-saving technologies adopted at unprecedented levels. Intensification of production systems created power bottlenecks around the land preparation, harvesting and threshing operations. Alleviating the power bottlenecks with the adoption of mechanical technologies helped enhance agricultural productivity and lowered the unit cost of crop production even in the densely populated countries of Asia. Economic growth and the commercialization of agricultural systems is leading to further mechanization of agricultural systems in Asia and Latin America. Sub-Saharan Africa continues to have very low levels of mechanization and available data indicate declining rather than increasing levels of adoption, even among the countries that were the early trendsetters, such as Kenya and Zimbabwe. This chapter documents the trends and sequential patterns in the adoption of mechanical technology, assesses the evidence on the productivity and equity impact of mechanization, and discusses the implication for mechanization policy.
... But where the green revolution raised wages and increased harvested volumes, small threshers were rapidly adopted in Indian Punjab, the Philippines, and Central Thailand as soon as efficient designs were available. By the early 1980s the new threshers were penetrating into other South Asian regions (Walker and Kshirsagar 1981). As in the United States in the nineteenth century, these threshers are owned by private entrepreneurs who thresh on a contract-hire basis. ...
... But where the green revolution raised wages and increased harvested volumes, small threshers were rapidly adopted in Indian Punjab, the Philippines, and Central Thailand as soon as efficient designs were available. By the early 1980s the new threshers were penetrating into other South Asian regions (Walker and Kshirsagar 1981). As in the United States in the nineteenth century, these threshers are owned by private entrepreneurs who thresh on a contract-hire basis. ...
This paper reviews the agricultural and rural mechanisation literature and the experiences of developing countries with mechanisation projects, programmes and policies. It identifies different types of analysis and establishes areas of research that have had emphasis in the past and where new types of research are needed.Despite the availability of a considerable literature, institutional analysis has been marginalised at both the practical and the theoretical or academic level. Reasons for the omission of institutional analysis are suggested, a dynamic, interactive model of mechanisation processes is developed, a set of multiple criteria for the assessment and evaluation of rural mechanisation are established and the policy implications of the above are examined.
The case of threshers in Kanzara vil.lae. Prasileira de 3Pesauisa Pcrropecuaria
- G M Calecgar
Calecgar, G.M.
1978.
The case of threshers in Kanzara vil.lae.
Prasileira de 3Pesauisa Pcrropecuaria, (FMNBPAPA), Petrolin
.a,
Unpuhlished.
The concei,L" cr).I c(f ll
- C Urrie
- J Pm Murphy
- A Schmitz
C.urrie, J.PM., Murphy, J.A., and A. Schmitz.
1971.
The concei,L" cr).I c(f ll :.c
Some dimensions of traditional farming systems in Semi-Arid Tropical India. Pages 11-24 in Proceedings, International Workshop on Socioeconomic Constraints to the Development of Semi-Arid Tropical Agriculture
- N S Jodha
Jodha, N.S. 1980. Some dimensions of traditional farming systems in Semi-Arid Tropical India. Pages 11-24 in Proceedings, International Workshop
on Socioeconomic Constraints to the Development of Semi-Arid Tropical
Agriculture, ICRI3SAT, 19-23 February 1979, Hyderabad, India. Available
from ICRISAT, Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh 502 324, India.
Socioeconomic aspects of improved animal drawn implements and mechanization in Semi-Arid East Africa
- B F Johnston
Johnston, B.F. 1980. Socioeconomic aspects of improved animal drawn
implements and mechanization in Semi-Arid East Africa. Pages 221-233
in Proceedings, International Workshop on Socioeconomic Constraints
to Developmnnt of Semi-Arid Tropical Agriculture, 19-23 February 1979,
Hyderabad, India. Available from ICRISAT, Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh
502 324, India.
The green revolution in the Punjab: a field trip. Economic and Political Weekly 4-P73
- W Tadejinskyr
Tadejinskyr, W. 1969.
The green revolution in the Punjab: a field trip.
Economic and Political Weekly
4-P73..A82.
Patterns of investment in farm machinery and equip ment
- P Lockwood
Lockwood, P.
1972.
Patterns of investment in farm machinery and equip
ment. Pconomic and Political Weekly 7:113-A124.
Indian Council of Agricultural Research
- S F Roy
Roy, S.F. 1970. Agricultural Engineering. Pages 535-584 in New Vistas
in Crop Yields, ed. Indian Council of Agricultural Research. New Delhi,
India : Sree Saraswaty Press.
Labor use and labor markets in semi-arid tropical rural villages of Peninsular India. International Workshop on Socioeconomic Constraints to Development of Semi-Arid Tropical Agriculture
- J G Ryan
- R D Ghodake
- R Sarin
Ryan, J.G., Ghodake, R.D., and Sarin, R. 1979.
Labor use and labor
markets in semi-arid tropical rural villages of Peninsular India.
International Workshop on Socioeconomic Constraints to Development
of Semi-Arid Tropical Agriculture, 19-23 February 1979, ICRISAT,
Hyderabad, India.
Tour Report to Shirapur Village
- O P Sinahal
Sinahal, O.P. 1981. Tour Report to Shirapur Village, Feb 28-Mar 4, 1981.
ICRISAT, Patancheru, 7.P., India.
Identification of threshing problems and thresher performance evaluation for Semi-Arid Crops
- O P Singhal
- G E Thierstein
Singhal, O.P., and Thierstein, G.E. 1979. Identification of threshing
problems and thresher performance evaluation for Semi-Arid Crops.
International Conference, Agricultural Engineerinc,.0-1.5 September,
University of Pertainian, Malaysia.