... 1. School library staff size ( Baxter & Smalley, 2003 ;Baumbach, 2002 ;Lance, Rodney, & Hamilton-Pennell, 2001 ;Smith, 2001 ;Lance, Rodney, & Hamilton-Pennell, 2000 ;Lance et al., 1999 ); 2. Presence of full-time, certifi ed school librarians ( Callison, 2004 ;Rodney, Lance, Hamilton-Pennell, & Center, 2002 ;Lance et al., 1999Lance et al., , 2000 ); 3. Frequency of library-centered instruction ( Lance et al., 1999 ) and collabora- tive instruction between school librarians and teachers ( Lance, Rodney, & Hamilton-Pennell, 2001, 2005Lance et al., 2000 ); 4. Size and currency of library collections ( Burgin, Bracy, & Brown, 2003 ;Smith, 2001 ;Lance et al., 2000 ); 5. Networked library access to licensed databases ( Lance, Rodney, & HamiltonPennell, 2002 ); 6. Flexible scheduling ( Lance et al., 2005 ;Rodney, Lance, & Hamilton-Pennell, 2003 ); and 7. School library budget size ( Baxter & Smalley, 2003 ;Lance et al., 2001 ). ...