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ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER
Summary
e study was aimed to examine the changes in seed oil content in di erent
genotypes of maize, soybean and sun ower from 2002 to 2006, in two types
of storage conditions which di er in air temperature and humidity: 25°C/75%
and 12°C/60%, respectively. A ected by storage longevity, in average, seed oil
content decreased by 0.82% in maize, 2.19% in soybean and 8.53% in sun ower.
Di erences in oil content a ected by storage longevity were signi cant among
tested crops and genotypes within crops. Storage longevity was negatively
associated with oil content. At storage conditions at 12°C/60%, decreasing
of seed oil content was less by 0.55% (maize), 1.30% (soybean) and 1.75%
(sun ower) than in storage conditions at 25°C/75%. In summary, the lowest
seed quality losses were in maize, then in soybean and the highest losses were
in sun ower. Decreasing of seed quality losses is possible with suitable storage
conditions, particularly for soybean and sun ower.
Key words
oil content, genotypes, maize, soybean, sun ower, storage conditions,
storage longevity
Agriculturae Conspectus Scienti cus | Vol. 72 (2007) No. 3 (211-213)
In uence of Storage Condition on Seed
Oil Content of Maize, Soybean and
Sun ower
Branimir ŠIMIĆ 1( )
Ruža POPOVIĆ 1
Aleksandra SUDARIĆ 1
Vlatka ROZMAN 2
Irma KALINOVIĆ 2
Jasenka ĆOSIĆ 2
1 Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
e-mail: branimir.simic@poljinos.hr
2 University of J.J. Strossmayer, Faculty of Agriculture,
Trg sv. Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
Received: November 3, 2006 | Accepted: April 5, 2007
Agric. conspec. sci. Vol. 72 (2007) No. 3
212 Branimir ŠIMIĆ, Ruža POPOVIĆ, Aleksandra SUDARIĆ, Vlatka ROZMAN, Irma KALINOVIĆ, Jasenka ĆOSIĆ
Introduction
Seed quality is a multiple criterion that encompasses
several important seed attributes: genetic and chemical
composition, physical condition, physiological germi-
nation and vigor, size, appearance and presence of seed-
borne pathogens, crop and varietal purity, weed and crop
contaminants and moisture content. During storage, seed
quality can remain at the initial level or decline to a level
that may make the seed unacceptable for planting purpose.
is is related to many determinants: enivronment condi-
tions during seed production, pests, diseases, seed oil con-
tent, seed moisture content, mechanical damages of seed
in proccessing, storage longevity, packaging, pesticides, air
temperature and relative air humidity in storage, biochemi-
cal injury of seed tissue and similar (Al-Yahya, 2001; Šimić
et al., 2004; Guberac et al., 2003; Heatherly and Elmore,
2004). Storage longevity may vary from six months (usu-
ally for maize, soybean and sun ower), up to 20 months
or longer if the seeds are to be carried over. Longevity of
seed in storage is in uenced by the initial quality of stored
seed as well as storage conditions. Irrespective of initial
seed quality, unfavourable storage conditions, particu-
larly air temperautre and air relative humidity, contribute
to acceleration of seed deterioration in storage. Hence, it’s
di cult to assess the e ective storage period because the
storability of the seed is a function of initial seed quality
and the storage conditions (Wych, 1988; Fabrizius et al.,
1999; Heatherly and Elmore, 2004). Intensity of quality
decrease of stored seed is di erent among plant species
and within plant species (genotypic variability), imply-
ing considerable in uence of genetic (heritable) compo-
nent on phenotypic expression of traits which determine
seed quality (Al-Yahya, 2001; Guberac et al., 2003; Vieira
et al., 2001). e objective of this study was to examine
the changes in seed oil content in maize, soybean, and
sun ower a ected by storage longevity under two levels
of storage conditions di ered in terms of air temperature
and relative air humidity.
Material and methods
is study was carried out from 2002 to 2006 at the
Agricultural Institute Osijek (Croatia) using basic seed of
three agricultural crops: maize, soybean and sun ower.
Selected maize hybrids (‘OSSK 596’, ‘OSSK 602’-FAO group
600), sun ower hybrids (‘Fakir’, ‘Apolon’-middle-early) and
soybean cultivars (‘Tisa’-maturity group (MG) I; ‘Kaja’-
MG 0) are creations of the Institute. e testing began
a er harvest of sun ower, maize and soybean in 2002.
Samples of dried, cleaned and processed seeds for each of
tested crops were taken as follows: 2x500 kg for maize and
soybean, and 2x200 kg for sun ower. Before storage, seed
oil content of all tested genotypes were determined. Seed
samples were packed in bags and stored separately in two
small storages with controlled conditions: Storage 1– 75%
relative air humidity; 25oC air temperature and Storage 2
– 60% relative air humidity, 12oC air temperature. A er
four years of storage, from both storages, average seed sam-
ples were taken from each genotype for laboratory analy-
sis. Seed oil contents (% in absolutely dry matter-ADM)
were determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
analyzer. e obtained experimental data were statisticly
processed using the Statistical Analysis System Version
8.2 computer program (SAS Institute, 1989).
Results and discussion
e means of seed oil content for tested genotypes of
maize, soybean and sun ower before and a er storage
in both type of storages with results of statistical analysis
are presented in Table 1. From the analysis of presented
data, it is obvious that analyzed seed quality traits varied
amongst tested agricultural crops as well as within crops
(genotype variation), with statistically high signi cant
di erences (P<0.01). e mean value of seed oil content
before storage was 4.45% in maize, 23.29% in soybean and
50.55% in sun ower. A er four years for both storages,
average seed oil content was 3.63% in maize, 21.10% in
soybean and 42.02% in sun ower. By comparison of the
means of this trait before and a er storage, greater decline
of oil content was in sun ower (decreasing by 8.53%), than
in soybean (by 2.19%) and maize (by 0.82%). Di erences
in seed oil content a ected by storage longevity (between
years of storage) were statistically highly signi cant (P<0.01)
and consistent with tested crops. In Storage 1 the aver-
age decrease of oil content was 1.10% in maize, 2.84% in
soybean and 9.40% in sun ower. In Storage 2 the average
decrease of oil content was 0.55% in maize, 1.54% in soy-
bean and 7.65% in sun ower. It is obvious that changes in
oil content were less signi cant in Storage 2 by 0.55% in
maize, 1.30% in soybean and by 1.75% in sun ower than
in Storage 1. Di erences in the oil content a ected by dif-
ferent storage conditions were highly signi cant at level of
P<0.01 during the same period of storage consistent with
all tested crops. Analysis of variance showed that interac-
tion between tested crops and examined storage longevity,
and also between storage longevity and storage type were
highly signi cant (P<0.01).
e obtained results of this study showed that the e ect
of storage longevity is negative on level of seed oil content
in maize, soybean and sun ower, with signi cant di er-
ences amongst these crops in intensity of decreasing qual-
ity of stored seed. us, on the average for both storages,
decreasing of oil content was less in maize in relation with
soybean and sun ower, suggesting higher stability of ana-
lyzed quality seed attributes during storage in maize than
in both soybean and sun ower, respectively. At the same
time, di erences in seed deterioration between soybean and
sun ower also existed, particularly in oil content. It could
be connected with di erences amongst crops in expression
Agric. conspec. sci. Vol. 72 (2007) No. 3
213
Influence of Storage Condition on Seed Oil Content of Maize, Soybean and Sunflower
of the protective system of enzymatic and non-enzymatic
processes which in uence the intensity of seed deteriora-
tion. us, in oil crops, such as soybean and sun ower,
autooxidation of lipids and increase of the content of free
fatty acids during storage period are the main reasons for
rapid deterioration of the oil seed as presented by Reuzeau
and Cavalie (1995), Trawatha et al. (1995), and Balašević-
Tubić et al. (2005). Longevity of stored seed of any crops
considerably depends on the storage conditions, primarily
in terms of air temperature and relative air humidity in
storage. Results of our study showed that in the worst stor-
age conditions (25°C/75%) were higher seed quality losses
than in the storage with lower temperature and lower rel-
ative humidity (12°C/60%). ese ndings corresponded
well to those reported elsewhere that unfavorable storage
conditions (high air temperature and high humidity of air)
accelerate seed deterioration, causing seed quality losses
and therein lower germinability percentage of stored seed
(Depaula et al., 1996; Al-Yahya, 2001).
Conclusion
In summary, data obtained in this study indicate that
e ect of storage longevity on seed oil content is more or
less negative and considerably a ected by storage condi-
tions. If suitable storage conditions are not, provided, qual-
ity and quantity losses increase. Decreasing these losses is
possible providing suitable storage conditions and storage
management, what enables the preserving seed quality at-
tributes, such as seed oil content, on the satisfactory level
acceptable for production purposes. Furthermore, over the
same storage period and under same storage conditions,
the intensity of seed quality declining is di erent among
plant species due to genetic diversity, which implies the
importance of creating suitable storage conditions accord-
ing to crop that will be stored.
References
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Table 1. Seed oil content means (% in ADM) of tested
genotypes of maize, soybean and sun ower regarding storage
longevity (2002-2006) and storage conditions: S1 (25°C/75%);
S2 (12°C/60%)
Oil content in seed (% in ADM)
Crops Genotype
Storage 1 Storage 2
Begining of storage (2002)
OSSK 596 4.70 4.70 Maize
OSSK 602 4.20 4.20
Tisa 23.18 23.18 Soybean
Kaja 23.40 23.40
Fakir 47.76 47.76 Sunflower
Apolon 53.35 53.35
End of storage (2006)
OSSK 596 3.50 4.00 Maize
OSSK602 3.20 3.80
Tisa 20.70 22.00 Soybean
Kaja 20.20 21.50
Fakir 42.10 43.20 Sunflower
Apolon 40.20 42.60
LSD test
Sources of variation F test
0.05 0.01
Crops (A) 59537.441** 0.238 0.328
Storage longevity (B) 7128.33** 0.071 0.093
Storage type (C) 35.020** 0.058 0.077
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