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A faunistic review of ground beetles of Lebiinae Bonelli, 1810
(Coleoptera: Carabidae) of Lithuania
Vytautas Tamutis & Arvids Barevskis
Tamutis, V. & Barevskis, A. 2014: A faunistic review of ground beetles of
Lebiinae Bonelli, 1810 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of Lithuania. Entomol. Fen-
nica 25: 6585.
The paper presents the first review on species composition and distribution of
ground beetles of Lebiinae Bonelli, 1810, subfamily (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in
Lithuania. During the study, all available related published sources have been re-
viewed. A total of 482 records have been analyzed and more than 700 specimens
collected since 1923 have been examined. Lebiinae subfamily is presented by 2
tribes in Lithuania. The tribe Odocanthini is monotypical with a single species.
The other one, Lebiini tribe, is more diverse, represented by 4 subtribes, 7 genera
and 24 species. The information on distribution, frequency and some features of
ecology and zoogeography of 25 Lebiinae species found in Lithuanian is de-
tailed. Demetrias atricapillus (Linnaeus, 1758) is reported for the first time for
Lithuanian fauna and Philorhizus notatus (Stephens, 1827) is removed from the
list of Lithuanian beetles.
V. Tamutis, Kaunas T. Ivanauskas Zoological Museum, Laisvës al. 106, LT-
44253 Kaunas, Lithuania, and Institute of Biology and Plant Biotechnology,
Aleksandras Stlginskis University, Studentø 11, Akademija, Kaunas distr., LT-
53361, Lithuania; E-mail: dromius@yahoo.com
A. Barevskis, Institute of Systematic Biology, Daugavpils University, Vienibas
iela 13, Daugavpils, LV-5400, Latvia; E-mail: arvids.barsevskis@du.lv
Received 29 April 2013, accepted 1 October 2013
1. Introduction
The ground beetles of the Lebiinae subfamily are
characterized by a transversally or obliquely
truncated elytron, without a membranous fringe
at the apex, and which does not cover the entire
abdomen. The front tibia has a smooth outer mar-
gin.
This subfamily is a very diverse group world-
wide, containing about 4,000 species and 200
genera, mainly occurring in the tropics and sub-
tropics. Only 237 species and subspecies belong-
ing to 27 genera occur in Europe (Kabak 2003).
Most species are found in the southern part of Eu-
rope and only 33 species belonging to 11 genera
occur in northern countries, such as Norway,
Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Russia (northern and
central parts of European Russia), Estonia, Lat-
via, Belarus, Poland (northern and central parts)
and Lithuania (Burakowski et al. 1974, Krizha-
novskij et al. 1995, Silfverberg 2010).
The first data on Lithuanian Lebiinae species
was reported by Ogijewicz in 1933, presenting
data on eight species found in Vilnius and Trakai
environs. The list of this group of Lithuanian
carabids was suplemented later by other scientists
© Entomologica Fennica. 22 August 2014
(Pileckis 1960, 1976, Sharova & Grüntal 1973,
Pileckis & Monsevièius 1982, 1995, Miländer et
al. 1984, Barevskis 2001, Ferenca et al. 2002,
Tamutis et al. 2008). Some information on the
species of Lebiinae of Lithuania is presented in
some well-known catalogues or lists of the bee-
tles of related territories (Silfverberg 1992, 2004,
2010, Krizhanovskij et al. 1995, Kabak 2003),
for example. The most comprehensive list of
Lithuanian carabids is presented in a recently
published catalogue of Lithuanian beetles (Ta-
mutis et al. 2011). Therein are listed 25 species
belonging to 12 genera of Lebiinae, and eight
other species expected to be found in Lithuania
are noted. The name of Lamprias Bonelli, 1810 is
contained therein and is considered as a valid ge-
nus name. However, the species composition of
Lithuanian Lebiinae is still not completely dis-
closed.
Compared to other ground beetles living in
Lithuania, Lebiinae are characterized by their di-
verse biology. The ground beetles in general are
known as typical ground dwellers, but for exam-
ple Odacantha,Lebia and Demetrias species are
perfect grass climbers. Furthermore, all Dromius
and Calodromius species are exclusively tree ha-
bitants. The larvae of Lebia species are distin-
guished by their very specific life cycle and food
specialization. The ground dwelling Paradromi-
us,Microlestes,Syntomus,Lionychus and Cy-
mindis species are mostly xerophilous, occurring
only in dry, open areas.
Due to the specificity of their lifestyle, the
ecological, faunistic and other biological investi-
66 Tamutis & Barevskis ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 25
Fig. 1. Map of Lithuania with administrative districts according to a system used since 2000. Districts
where material was collected are shaded:
Akm Akmenë, Alyt Alytus,Anyk Anykèiai, Bir Birai, B.- Birtonas, El Elektrënai, Drus
Druskininkai, Ign Ignalina, Jona- Jonava, Joni Jonikis, Jurb Jurbarkas, Kai Kaiadorys, Kau
Kaunas, Kel Kelmë,Këd Këdainiai, Klai Klaipëda, Kre Kretinga, Kup Kupikis, K.R. Kazlø
Rûda, Laz Lazdijai, Mar Marijampolë, Ma Maeikiai, Mol Molëtai, Ner Neringa, Pag
Pagëgiai, Pak Pakruojis, Pal Palanga, Pan Panevëys, Pas Pasvalys,Plu Plungë, Prie
Prienai, Rad Radvilikis, Ras Raseiniai, Rie Rietavas, Rok Rokikis, Sku Skuodas, ak
akiai, al alèininkai, iau iauliai, ila ilalë, ilu ilutë, irv irvintos, ven venèionys,
Tau Tauragë,Tel Teliai, Trak Trakai,Ukm Ukmergë, Ut Utena,Var Varëna, Vilk
Vilkavikis, Viln Vilnius, Zar Zarasai.
gations of these ground beetles are quite problem-
atic. For this reason, both the data on their preva-
lence and bionomics is still incomplete. This is
especially so in Lithuania, where no directed sys-
tematic investigations have been done. Thus, all
Lebiinae species are considered as rare or very
rare and have not been discovered in large num-
bers in Lithuania (Pileckis & Monsevièius 1995).
Such circumstances were the main reason to com-
pile a comprehensive faunistic review of Lithua-
nian Lebiinae ground beetles. Our study was
based on analysis of all related published sources,
examination of all available specimens of Lithua-
nian Lebiinae, as well as on our own observed
data and collected material.
2. Material and methods
All existing Lithuanian records of Lebiinae
ground beetles are included in this review. The
specimens collected by Auksë Abromaitytë (A.
A.), Algimantas Jakimavièius (A. J.), Arvids
Barevskis (A. B.), Katrîna Barevska (K. B.),
Bronius Jakaitis (B. J.), A. Kaulinis (A. K.),
Aleksandras Merijevskis (A. M.), A. umskaitë
(A. .), Borys Ogijewicz (B. O.), Bronius ab-
levièius (B. .), Brigita Tamutë (B. T.), Dalius
Dapkus (D. D.), Elena Gaidienë (E. G.), Artûras
Gedminas (A. G.), Giedrius vitra (G. .),
Henrikas Ostrauskas (H. O.), Kêstutis Arbaèi-
auskas (K. A.), Kalle Lundsten (K. L.), Linas
Tikevièius (L. T.), Norbertas Noreika (N. N.),
Povilas Ivinskis (P. I.), Paulius Plastininas (P. P.),
Paulius Zolubas (P. Z.), Rolandas Dvilevièius (R.
D.), Romas Ferenca (R. F.), Rimantas Panke-
vièius (R. P.), Edgars Rudâns (E. R.), Saulius
Gaiutis (S. G.), Saulius Karalius (S. K.), Saulius
Pakalnikis (S. Pa.), Simonas Pileckis (S. Pi.),
Vitolis Gavelis (V. G.), Vytautas Inokaitis (V. I.),
Vidmantas Monsevièius (V. M.), Vytautas
Jonaitis (V. J.) and Vytautas Tamutis (V. T.) in
the period from 1923 to 2013 were examined or
reexamined in this study.
During the last 30 years, special attention to
the studies of Lebiinae ground beetles has been
paid in Lithuania. More than 77% of all examined
material has been collected during this period.
More intensive studies have been done by
Vytautas Tamutis, Romas Ferenca, Povilas Ivin-
skis and Vidmantas Monsevièius in few regions
during the mentioned period: Baltic Sea coast re-
gion and Akmenë, iauliai, Kaunas and Mari-
jampolë districts (Fig. 1).
The methods for collecting the material were
chosen so that information on the specific eco-
logical aspects of the beetles could be obtained.
Visual searching of soil surface, under the moss,
plant debris, bark chips, barks and stem surface
was most commonly used. Some species have
been caught also by using the sweep net as well as
pitfall and barrier (window) traps, or by shaking
and beating from reeds, trees and bushes. Our ma-
terial was collected from 42 districts (80% of all
districts) of Lithuania (Fig. 1.).
The examined material is deposited in following
Lithuanian and foreign collections:
Kaunas T. Ivanauskas Zoological Museum
(Kaunas)
Vilnius University (Vilnius)
Nature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology
(Vilnius)
Private collection of Aleksandras Merijev-
skis (Kaunas)
Daugavpils University, Institute of System-
atic Biology, Coleopterological Research
Centre (Ilgas, Latvia)
The classification of ground beetles follows that
suggested by Anichtchenko et al. (20072012).
The identification keys suggested by Freude
(1976), Sciaky (1991), Hurka (1996) and
Sundukov (2004) were used.
The temporal distribution of the species is
based on the summary of all records.
Explanations of the abbreviations used: env.
environs;f.forest;t.town,Nat.Nature,
Land. Landscape, Ent. Entomological, Orn.
Ornitological, B.-Z. Botanical-Zoological, R.
Reserve.
3. Review of the material
During the study, a total of 482 records have been
analysed and more than 700 specimens have been
examined.
ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 25 Faunistic review of Lithuanian Lebiinae 67
3.1. Tribe Lebiini Bonelli, 1810
3.1.1. Subtribe Cymindiina Laporte, 1834
Genus Cymindis Latreille, 1806
Subgenus Cymindis Latreille, 1806
C. (C.)angularis Gyllenhal, 1810
Examined material. Klai: Karklë env., 07.IX.
2005, 18.X.2005 (2, 3, caught by pitfall traps, leg.
P. I.); Ner: Smiltynë env., 04.V.1989, 03.V.2000
(1, 1, leg. S. K.), Alksnynë env., 30.VIII.13.IX.
2010 (1, open place after forest fire, caught by pit-
falltrap,leg.P.I.).
Earlier records. Only one record older than
70 years is known, from Varëna district (leg. A.
Palionis) (Ferenca 2006).
General distribution. Europe, Kazakhstan,
Kirgystan, southern parts of West and Middle Si-
beria. Not indicated for Lithuania in Catalogue of
Palaearctic Coleoptera (Kabak 2003).
Notes. The species is xerophilic, occurring
mainly in open, dry, sun-exposed habitats with
sand or gravel and sparse vegetation. It is insuffi-
ciently known in Lithuania. Recent findings are
located only in dune regions of the Baltic Sea.
C.(C.)humeralis (Geoffroy, 1875)
Examined material. Not confirmed by authors.
Earlier records. Vilnius district (Miländer et
al. 1984).
General distribution. Europe, to the north as
far as southern Sweden, Lithuania?, Belarus. Not
indicated for Lithuania in Catalogue of Palaearc-
tic Coleoptera (Kabak 2003).
Notes. The species is xerophilic, occurring
mainly in open, dry, sun-exposed habitats with
sand or gravel and sparse vegetation. It is very
rare throughout the northern border of its distri-
bution range.
Subgenus Pseudomastinus Bousquet, 2002
C.(P. )macularis Mannerheim in Fischer von
Waldheim, 1824
Examined material. Var: Varëna env., 01.VII.
1966 (1, leg. S. Pi.), Èepkeliai Nat. R., 29.VII.
1976 (1, leg. V. M.)
Earlier records. The findings are single re-
cords of the species in Lithuania. The latter one
above was the source for inclusion of this species
to the list of beetles of Èepkeliai Nature Reserve
(Monsevièius 1997). The notification of this spe-
cies in Lithuanian Baltic Sea region (Pileckis &
Monsevièius 1995) is not confirmed.
General distribution. Europe, Kazakhstan,
southern parts of West and Middle Siberia. Not
indicated for Lithuania in Catalogue of Palaearc-
tic Coleoptera (Kabak 2003).
Notes. The species is xerophilic, inhabiting
sandy and very dry areas with sparse vegetation.
It is insufficiently known in Lithuania, only from
southern part of the country.
C.(P. )vaporariorum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Examined material. Jurb: Liepgiriai f., 22.VI.
1971 (1, leg. B. J.); Kau: Dubrava f., 12.VII. 1984
(1, leg. R. F.), 27.IX.2007, 23.V.2008 (1, 1, leg.
A. G.), Meitinë f., 28.VI.2006 (1, leg. A. M.);
ak: Jukinë f., 05.VII.2009 (1, leg. R. F.); ilu:
Auktumala peatbog, JuneOctober 2002 (3, pit-
fall traps, leg. R. F.); ven: Baluoa peatbog,
15.VI.1999 (1, pitfall trap, leg. D. D.); Viln:
Kreglë f., 11.VII.2005, 02.VIII.2005 (1, 2, pit-
fall traps, leg. P. I.).
Earlier records. Previous exact records on the
distribution of this species in Lithuania are miss-
ing. It was noted for Juodkrantë (Schwarzort) en-
virons (Bercio & Folwaczny 1979) and North
Western Region of Lithuania (Pileckis &
Monsevièius 1995) without definite data.
General distribution. Europe (only in moun-
tains in southern regions of Europe), Kazakhstan,
southern part of Siberia, Mongolia, northern
China, Far East, Japan. Not indicated for Lithua-
nia in Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera
(Kabak 2003).
Notes. As the other species of the genus, this is
a xerophilic species. However, it tolerates less
dry habitats, such as the moderate shade of sparse
pines or forest edges, as well as dry peat soils.
Vegetation must be low and sparse, consisting of
Calluna,Empetrum,Arctostaphylos,Vaccinium
vitis-idaea, etc. It is the commonest species of the
genus in Lithuania, but the distribution is spo-
radic. All found specimens were collected on dry
sandy or peaty heaths.
68 Tamutis & Barevskis ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 25
3.1.2. Subtribe Demetriadina Bates, 1886
Genus Demetrias Bonelli, 1810
Subgenus Aetophorus Schmidt-Göbel, 1846
D.(Ae.)imperialis (Germar, 1824)
Examined material. Kai: Bundikës env.,
21.VIII.2002 (1, wet meadow near reeds over-
growth,leg.V.T.);Kup: Palevenëlë env., 12.IX.
1999 (2, leg. R. P.); Ner: Juodkrantë env., 02.VII.
2005 (1, leg. R. F.); Pervalka env., 20.V.2011 (1,
leg. R. F.), Juodkrantë env., 06.VII.2012 (2, on
the stems of reeds, leg. V. T.); ilu: Ventës Ragas
env., 26.VIII.1988 (1, leg. R. F.); irv: Antanëliai
env., 06.V.2012 (2, reed bed, leg. V. T.).
Earlier records. Only two records known be-
fore in Lithuania, in Zarasai and Neringa districts
(Barevskis 2001, Ferenca 2004).
General distribution. Europe, Northern Af-
rica, Asia Minor, Kazakhstan, Kirgyzstan. Not
indicated for Lithuania in Catalogue of Palaearc-
tic Coleoptera (Kabak 2003).
Notes. This species inhabits reed stands of
swamps and standing waters and seems to be
mostly restricted to live on the reeds and to avoid
running on the soil surface (Schürstedt et al.
2000). We observed this species predominantly
in large reed stands or their surroundings, but the
occurrence everywhere was sporadic.
Subgenus Demetrias Bonelli, 1810
D.(D.)atricapillus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Examined material. Kau: Noreikikës env.,
(54°5305N, 23°5008E) 23.V.1996 (1, littoral
of a pond, leg. V. T.).
Earlier records. None.
General distribution. Europe, Northern Af-
rica, Asia Minor, Near East, Caucasus.
Notes. This species is common in Western
Europe and it is known as an active aphid preda-
tor in cereals (Lövei et al. 2003), but it is sparse or
very rare in eastern countries (Burakowski et al.
1974, Barevskis 2003, Alekseev 2008). It occurs
in unshaded habitats: shrubby floodplains, fields
and grasslands. This is a new species for Lithua-
nia. This record was erroneously related to
Paradromius longiceps Dejean (Tamutis et al.
2008).
D.(D.)monostigma Samouelle, 1819
Examined material. Kau: Novaraistis Orn. R.,
17.IV.2011 (1, under plant debris, leg. V. T.);
Braziûkai env., 16.IV.2012 (1, under plant de-
bris, leg. V. T.), 25.III.2012 (2, under plant de-
bris, leg. V. T.), 02.IX.2012 (4, Calamagrostis
epigejos overgrowth, leg V. T.); Këd: Vincen-
tavas env., 15.V. 2013 (1, moist meadow, leg. V.
T.); Kre: Moncikë env., 09.V.2001 (1, leg. R.
F.), 14.VI.2001 (3, leg. R. F.); Kup: Vasniûnai
ilas f., 13.VI.1997 (1, leg. R. P.); Antaava env.,
12.V.1995 (2, leg. R. P.); Mar: Rieèiai env.,
uvintas Nat. R., 26.V.1981 (1, leg. V. J.); Ner:
Smiltynë env., 03.V.2000, 05.VI.2000 (1, 3, leg.
S. K.), Juodkrantë env., 21.VI.2007 (1, leg. R.
F.), Juodkrantë env., 12.IX.2008 (1, wet forest
with Alnus glutinosa, leg. V. T.), 05.X.2010 (6,
dunes, C. epigejos and Ammophila arenaria
overgrowth, leg. V. T.), 26.X.2010 (1, leg. R. F.);
iau: Slydiai env., 10.VIII.2002, 04.V.2013 (1,
reed bed, leg. V. T.); ilu: Ventës Ragas env.,
31.V.1988 (1, leg. R. F.); Tau: Vievilë Nat. R.,
Glitis bog, 28.VII.2008 (1, leg. V. T.); Var:
Èepkeliai Nat. R., Pogarenda env., 18.IV.1981
(1,leg.V.M.).
Earlier records. Several earlier finding places
have been known from Curronian Spit and Baltic
sea coast regions (Ferenca et al. 2002, 2006,
ablevièius 2003) and Vievilë Nature Reserve
(Ferenca 2004). It has been also noted for
uvintas and Èepkeliai Nature Reserves without
definite data (Monsevièius 1997).
General distribution. Europe, Caucasus,
Kazakhstan, Kirgyzstan.
Notes. Contrary to D. imperialis, this species
can dwell both in wet habitats (reed beds,
swamps) and xerophilic biotopes (heathlands,
sand dunes) (Wachman et al. 1995, Desender
1996, Telfer & Eversham 1996). It is not rare in
Lithuania, plenty of adults can be observed
climbing on reed stems from May to June (Fig.
2a) and hibernating in dry places in the grass
humps.
3.1.3. Subtribe Dromiina Bonelli, 1810
Genus Calodromius Reitter, 1905
C. spilotus (Illiger, 1798)
Examined material. Akm: Kamanos Nat. R.,
ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 25 Faunistic review of Lithuanian Lebiinae 69
16.V.2000, (1, leg. V. M.); Kai: Pravienikës
env., 26.V.2007 (1, leg. A. M.); Kau: Jiesia Land.
R., 31.X.1983 (1, leg. R. F.), Klebonikis f.,
09.II.2001 (1, under bark of Pinus sylvestris,leg
V. T.), Kama B.-Z. R., 16.II.2001 (1, under bark
of P. sylvestris, leg V. T.), Braziûkai f.,
11.II.2011, 03.III.2012 (1, 1, under bark of P.
sylvestris, leg V. T.); Vilemai env., 11.XI.2012
(4, under bark of P. sylvestris, leg V. T.), Kaunas
t., Panemunës ilas park, 22.III.1992, 29.III.
1994, 04.XI.2001 (1, 2, 1, leg. R. F.); Kup:
Vainiûnikis env., 01.IV.1993, 09.III.1997 (1, 1,
leg.R.P.);Ma: Renavas env., 21.VII.1992 (1,
leg.V.M.);Ner: Juodkrante env., 02.X.1991 (1,
leg. B. .), Nida env., 20.VIII.1998 (1, leg. B. .);
Pal: ventoji env., 27.28.VII.2008 (2, dunes,
leg.A.B.&K.B.);Plu: Grigaièiai env.,
08.VI.1998 (1, leg. A. G.); ak: Jukinë f.,
11.XI.2001, 14.XI.2010 (4, 2, leg. R. F.); iau:
Slydiai env., 09.III.2001 (1, under bark of P.
70 Tamutis & Barevskis ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 25
Fig. 2. Monthly observations of adults of selected Lebiinae species in Lithuania.
sylvestris,legV.T.);ila: Kaltinënai env.,
02.III.2008 (1, leg. R. F.); Ukm: Dukstyna Ent.
R., 30.X.1983 (1, leg. L. T.), 13.IV.1984 (1, leg.
R. D.); Var: Marcinkonys env., 11.VI.1989 (1,
leg.A.M.).
Earlier records. Only two earlier records are
known: Vilnius town and Kaunas district (Pi-
leckis & Monsevièius 1982, Ferenca 1988). It
was also noted for Klaipëda (Memel) environs
without definite data (Bercio & Folwaczny
1979).
General distribution. Europe, Caucasus, Al-
geria, Asia Minor. Not indicated for Lithuania in
Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera (Kabak
2003).
Notes. This dendrophilous species lives on
trees, almost exclusively on pines. It is widely
distributed in Lithuania, frequently found (Fig.
2b) and hibernating under bark (bark chips) of
pines trunks.
Genus Dromius Bonelli, 1810
Subgenus Dromius Bonelli, 1810
D.(D.)agilis (Fabricius, 1787)
Examined material. Akm: Kamanos Nat. R.,
22.X.1984, 31.VII.2004 (1, 1, leg. V. M.); Jurb:
Liepgiriai f., 07.VI.1971 (1, leg. V. G.), 31.V.
1977, 02.VIII.1977, 29.V.1980, 27.VII.1983 (1,
1, 1, 1, leg. B. J.); Kai: Pravienikës env.,
23.V.1993 (1, leg. A. M.), Strëvininkai f.,
18.V.2003 (1, under bark of Quercus robur,leg.
R. F.); Kau: Jiesia Land. R., 31.X.1983 (1, leg. R.
F.), Dubrava f., 09.I.1983, 01.V.1989, 11.XI.
2011 (12, 1, 1, under bark of Pinus sylvestris,leg.
R. F.), Dubrava f., 26.IV.2010 (1, pheromone
trap for Ips typographus,leg.A.G.),KamaB.-Z.
R., 24.III.2000, 16.II.2001 (3, 2, under bark of Q.
robur, leg. V. T.), Klebonikis f., 16.I.2003 (1,
under bark of P. sylvestris, leg V. T.), Braziûkai
f., 20.III.2011, 25.III.2011 (1, 1, under bark of
Larix decidua, leg V. T.), 03.III 2012 (1, under
bark of P. sylvestris, leg V. T.), Kaunas t.,
Vytautas park, 12.VII.2010 (1, climbing on the
trunk of Q. robur,leg.A.M.);Kup: Mirabelis f.,
07.III.1992 (1, leg. R. P.), Siauriai env., 26.II.
1997 (1, leg. R. P.); Ma: ernynë Telmological
R., 14.XI.2000 (1, leg V. M.); Ner: Pervalka env.,
03.VI.1995 (1, leg. B. .); ak: Jukinë f.,
09.II.2002 (1, leg. R. F.); iau:Rekyvaf.,
20.III.2007 (9, leg. E. R.), iauliai t., Salduvë
park, 09.III.2007 (16, leg. E. R.), Slydiai env.,
09.III.2001 (1, under bark of P. sylvestris,legV.
T.), Dzidai env., 04.V.2013 (1, trunk hollow of
Fraxinus excelsior,leg.V.T.).
Earlier records. Only a few earlier records of
this species are known: Vilnius and Panevëys
districts (Ogijewicz 1933, Ostrauskas & Ferenca
2010). It was also noted for Kamanos Nature Re-
serve without definite data (Monsevièius 1997).
General distribution. Europa, West Siberia.
Notes. This dendrophilous species lives on
deciduous as well as on coniferous trees. It is
widely distributed in Lithuania, frequently found,
especially in March (Fig. 2c), hibernates under
bark (bark chips of trunks) of pines and oaks.
D. (D.)fenestratus (Fabricius, 1794)
Examined material. Kai: Vekonys env.,
15.VII.1979, (1, leg. A. M.); Kau: Dubrava f.,
09.I.1983 (1, leg. R. F.), Pajiesys f., 22.III.1995
(1,leg.R.F.);Kup: Vizgiûnai env., 31.III.1991
(1, leg. R. P.), Palëvenëlë env., 26.II.1997 (1, leg.
R. P.); Mol: Kertuojai env., 05.V.2000 (1,
pheromone trap for Ips typographus,leg.P.Z.);
Rok: Pandëlys env., 30.VII.2008 (1, leg. A. B.);
iau: Bacaièiai f., 21.III.1981 (1, leg. V. M.),
Rëkyva f., 20.III.2007 (2, leg. E. R.); Ut: Antalgë
env., 25.III.1977 (1, leg. A. K.).
Earlier records. Only a single earlier record is
known: venèionys district (ablevièius 2003). It
has been also noted for Kamanos Nature Reserve
and Klaipëda (Memel) environs without definite
data (Bercio & Folwaczny 1979, Monsevièius
1997).
General distribution. Europe. Not indicated
for Lithuania in Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleop-
tera (Kabak 2003).
Notes. This dendrophilous species lives
mostly on coniferous trees, rarely on deciduous
ones. It seems to be the rarest species of the genus
in Lithuania, everywhere sporadic. Half of the re-
cords are from March (Fig. 2d). Hibernating
adults could be found mostly under bark (bark
chips) of pines trunks.
D. (D.)quadraticollis Morawitz, 1862
Examined material. Akm: Kamanos Nat. R.,
01.VI.1991, 16.IV.2000 (1, 1, leg. V. M.); Jona:
Maktava f., 25.II.2014 (1, leaf litter of conifer-
ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 25 Faunistic review of Lithuanian Lebiinae 71
ousf.,leg.V.T.);Jurb: Liepgiriai f., 23.V.1979
(1,leg.B.J.);Kai: Strëvininkai f., 18.V.2006 (1,
leg.R.F.);Kau: Dubrava f., 07.V.1996,
26.IV.2010, 02.VI.2010 (1, 2, 1, all caught by
pheromone traps for Ips typographus,leg.A.G.),
Gervënupis env., 30.V.1998 (1, leg. A. M.), Jiesia
Land. R., 13.IX.1994 (1, leg. R. F.), Braziûkai f.,
21.VII.2005 (1, leg. V. T.), 25.III.2011 (5, under
bark of Larix decidua, leg V. T.); Kaunas t.,
Panemunës ilas park, 04.XI.2001 (1, leg. R.
F.); Klai: ernai env., 13.V.1989 (1, leg. S. K.);
Kup: Drulënai env., 02.XI.1990 (1, leg. R. P.),
Siauriai env., 26.II.1997 (1, leg. R. P.); Mol:
Rudesa f., 20.V.1999 (1, pheromone trap for Ips
typographus, leg. P. Z.); Ner: Juodkrante env.,
31.III.2011 (1, leg. V. T.); Rok: Vosynos env.,
05.V.2004 (1, leg. R. F.); ak: Jukinë f.,
06.X.1984 (1, leg. R. F.); iau: Slydiai env.,
08.III.2008 (1, in the hollow of Quercus robur,
leg V. T.), Rëkyva f., 20.III.2007 (3, leg. E. R.),
iauliai t., Salduvë park, 09.III.2007 (1, leg. E.
R.); Ut: Minèia f., 25.V.2013, 10.VI.2013 (1, 1,
window traps, leg. V. T.); Var: Puvoèiai env.,
17.V.2012 (1, leg. V. T.); Viln: Vilnius t., Verkiai
f., 02.IV.1978 (1, leg. G. .), Vilnius t., Paneriai
f., 14.IV.1979 (1, leg. S. P.), 30.V.1979 (1, leg. P.
I.).
Earlier records. Only a single earlier exact re-
cord is known: Panevëys district (Ostrauskas &
Ferenca 2010). It has been also noted for
Kamanos and Vievilë Nature Reserves without
definite data (Monsevièius 1997).
General distribution. Europe, Siberia. Not in-
dicated for Lithuania in Catalogue of Palaearctic
Coleoptera (Kabak 2003).
Notes. This dendrophilous species lives
mostly on coniferous trees, rarely on deciduous
ones. The species is widely distributed in Lithua-
nia, with more than half of the records from
March and May (Fig. 2e). It is frequently found
hibernating under bark (bark chips) of various co-
niferous trunks.
D. (D.) quadrimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Examined material. Bir: Birai t., 30.VII.2008 (1,
leg.A.B.);Ign: Ginuèiai env., 16.VIII.1994 (1,
under bark of Quercus robur,leg.B..);Kai:
Kruonis env. 13.VII.1996 (1, leg. A. M.),
Strëvininkai f., 26.III.2001 (1, under bark of Q.
robur,leg.V.T.);Kau: Jiesia Land. R., 31.X.
1983, 23.III.1985, 24.I.1993; 27.III.1994 (2, 1, 1,
2, leg. R. F.), Pajiesys f., 07.V.1992 (1, leg. R. F.);
Akademija env., 25.IV.1996 (1, under bark of
Malus domestica,leg.V.T.),KamaB.-Z.R.,
24.IV.2000, 16.II.2001 (1, 2, under bark of Q.
robur, leg. V. T.), Eerëlis env., 11.XI.2004 (1,
under bark of Tilia cordata,leg.V.T.),Braziûkai
f., 15.VI.2004, 19.VIII.2005 (1, 1, climbing on
the branches of Q. robur,leg.V.T.);Kaunast.,
Aleksotas, 18.XI.2001 (1, under bark of Q. robur,
leg.V.T.),Kaunast.,VervaiB.-Z.R.,
14.VIII.2004 (1, leg. R. F.); Kup: Drulënai env.,
20.X.1995 (1, leg. R. P.), Pamarnakiai env.,
26.II.1997 (1, leg. R. P.); Kupikis t., 11.XI.1990
(1,leg.R.P.);Ma: Gyvoliai env., 26.XI.1998 (1,
leg.P.P.);Ner: Smiltynë env., 17.IV.1989,
25.VIII.1990 (1, 1, leg. S. K.), Curonian Spit
env., 04.VIII.2000 (1, leg. B. .); Rad: Radvi-
likis railway station env., 15.VII.2002 (1, multi-
ple funnel trap baited with Alpha-Pinene, leg. H.
O.); iau: Paeeriai env., 03.XI.1979 (1, leg. V.
M.), Dzidai env., 25.V.1994 (1, climbing on the
trunk of T. cordata,leg.V.T.),Bubiaienv.,
30.III.2000 (1, leg. V. T.); Rëkyva f., 20.III.2007
(9, leg. E. R.), iauliai t., Salduvë park, 09.III.
2007 (2, leg. E. R.), Slydiai env., 08.III.2008 (1,
in hollow of Q. robur,legV.T.);Ut: Antalgë
env., 17.IV.1977 (1, leg. A. K.); Var: Musteika
env., 20.IV.1995 (1, leg. H. O.).
Earlier records. Only a few earlier records are
known: Vilnius and Ignalina districts (Ogijewicz
1933, Ferenca 2004, iogas & Zolubas 2005). It
has also been noted for Kama B.-Z. R. without
definite data (Tamutis & Dapkus 2008).
General distribution. Europe, Caucasus.
Notes. This dendrophilous species lives al-
most exclusively on deciduous trees. It is the most
frequent species of the genus in Lithuania and it is
widely distributed in forests and parks. It is fre-
quently found under bark (bark chips), hollows
and chaps of various deciduous trunks during
non-vegetation period (Fig. 2f).
D. (D.)schneideri Crotch, 1871
Examined material. Akm: Kamanos Nat. R.,
16.IV.2000 (1, leg. V. M.); Drus: Druskininkai
env., 22.VI.1995 (1, on brances of Pinus syl-
vestris,leg.V.T.);Ign: Jonalaukis f., 10.IV.2000
(ablevièius 2003, as Paradromius linearis),
Kiaunelikis env., 08.IV.1997 (1, leg. B. .);
72 Tamutis & Barevskis ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 25
Jona: Jonava t., 30.III.1976 (1, leg. S. Pa.),
Maktava f., 25.II.2014 (1, leaf litter of conifer-
ousf.,leg.V.T.);Jurb: Liepgiriai f., 31.III.2011
(1, under bark of P. sylvestris, leg V. T.); Kau:
Dubrava f., 08.III.1982, 09.I.1983 (5, 1, leg. R.
F.), Kaèerginë f., 01.IV.2001 (1, under bark of P.
sylvestris, leg V. T.), Klebonikis f., 09.II.2001
(1, under bark of P. sylvestris,legV.T.),
Braziûkai f., 03.III.2012 (1, bark of P. sylvestris,
leg V. T.); Vilemai env., 11.XI.2012 (1, under
bark of P. sylvestris, leg V. T.), Kaunas t., Pane-
munës ilas park, 29.III.1994, 25.XII.2004 (3, 2,
under bark of P. sylvestris,legR.F.);Kup:
Mirabelis f., 07.III.1992 (1, leg. R. P.); iau:
Slydiai env., 09.III.2001 (1, under bark of P.
sylvestris,legV.T.);ven: Kukliai f., 02.IV.2001
(ablevièius 2003, as P. linearis); Ut:Minèiaf.,
06.I.2014 (1, leaf litter of coniferous f., leg. V.
T.).
Earlier records. Reported from several Lithu-
anian districts: Kaunas, Ukmergë, Ignalina,
Plungë, Varëna, Jurbarkas, and Vilnius (Ogije-
wicz 1933, Dvilevièius et al. 1988, iogas &
Gedminas 1994, Ferenca 2006).
General distribution. Europe, West Siberia,
Kazakhstan.
Notes. This dendrophilous species lives
mostly on coniferous trees, especially pines, less
often on spruce or larch. It is a frequent species of
the genus widely distributed in Lithuanian conif-
erous forests. Hibernating adults frequently occur
under bark (bark chips) of pine trunks, especially
in the southern exposition from September to
April (Fig. 2g).
Genus Microlestes Schnmidt-Göbel, 1846
M. maurus maurus (Sturm, 1827)
Examined material. Kau: Noreikikës env.,
10.IV.2004 (1, dry meadow, leg. V. T.).
Earlier records. Only two old previous re-
cords in Lithuania: Vilnius and Panevëys dis-
tricts (Mazurowa & Mazur 1939, Ferenca 2006).
General distribution. Europe, Asia Minor,
Near East, Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Kirgystan. Not
indicated for Lithuania in Catalogue of Palaearc-
tic Coleoptera (Kabak 2003).
Notes. This species lives in open, dry habitats,
and seems mostly to prefer sunexposed situations
with sparse vegetation of herbs. It seems to be
very rare in Lithuania. One previous record of
this species from Curonian Spit (iogas &
Zolubas 2005) was based on missindentification
and it is herein related to M. minutulus.
M. minutulus (Goeze, 1777)
Examined material. Kau: Akademija env.,
10.IV.1994 (2, leg. V. T.), Margininkai env.,
28.IV.1999, 03.V.1999, 23.V.1999, 27,VII.1999
(2,1,1,1,tillage,leg.V.T.),Braziûkaienv.,
16.V.2002, 23.IV.2007, 05.III.2008, 05.IV.
2010, 17.IV.2010, 11.IV.2011 (1, 5, 1, 1, 2, 3, dry
meadows, leg. V. T.); Braziûkai f., 15.X.2010 (1,
litter of coniferous forest (Piceetum oxalidosum),
leg. V. T.), Kaunas t., Àuolynas park,
05.IX.2007 (1, leg. A. M.); Klai: Smiltynë env.,
04.VII.1997 (1, leg. A. M.), 22.VI.2007 (1, leg.
R. F.) 28.IV.2008, 0411.V.2008 (5, 2, leg. P. I.);
Mar: Menkupiai env., 05.X.1999 (4, leg. V. M.),
Liubavas env., 05.X.1999 (1, leg. V. M.),
Trakënai env., 03.XI.1999 (1, leg. V. M.); Ner:
Juodkrantë env., 27.V.1998 (1, leg. A. G., noted
as Microlestes maurus by iogas and Zolubas
(2005)); Nagliai Nat. R., 18.X.2005 (1, leg. P. I.);
Grobtas Nat. R., 22.V.2006 (1, leg. R. F.); Pal:
Palanga t., 05.VII.1996 (1, leg. V. T.); Plu:
Peklinë f., 28.V.1971, 09.VI.1971 (1, leg. B. J.);
ak: Jukinë f., 12.III.2007 (1, leg. R. F.); iau:
Slydiai env., 03.V.1992 (1, pine forest, leg. V.
T.), 16.VIII.1997 (1, tillage, leg. V. T.), Rëkyva
f., 20.III.2007 (2, leg. E. R.); ven: Baluoa env.,
25.V.2001 (1, leg. R. F.); Zar: Ylikës env.,
23.V.2001 (1, leg R. F.)
Earlier records. There are just a few previous
records in Lithuania: Alytus, Lazdijai and
Kaunas districts (Sharova & Grüntal 1973, Ta-
mutis 2000).
General distribution. Europe, Asia Minor,
Caucasus, Central Asia, Siberia, Far East, Japan.
Not indicated for Lithuania in Catalogue of Pa-
laearctic Coleoptera (Kabak 2003).
Notes. This xerophilous species lives in vari-
ous open areas: tillage, grasslands, forest edges
and dunes. It occurs also in dry forest clearings
and parks, and it is sometimes found under bark at
the base of trees. It is a spring breeder and hiber-
nates as an adult. According to our observations,
Microlestes minutulus is quite common and
widely distributed in Lithuania, generally found
in open, dry, sandy or loamy habitats. Numeruos
ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 25 Faunistic review of Lithuanian Lebiinae 73
specimens were collected by pitfall traps on a
sandy area in Curonian Spit as well as in tillage at
Kaunas environs from April to June (Fig. 2h).
Genus Paradromius Fowler, 1887
Subgenus Manodromius Reitter, 1905
P.(M.)linearis linearis (Olivier, 1795)
Examined material. Drus: Gerdaiai env.
09.VIII.2002 (1, leg. R. F.); Kai: Kruonis env.
03.VI.2005 (1, leg. A. M.); Kau: Margininkai
env., 07.XI.1999 (1, leg. V. T.), Eerëlis env.,
24.III.2005 (1, exploited peat bog, leg. V. T.),
Braziûkai env., 12.VI.2004, (1, dry meadow, leg.
V. T.), 13.IX.2005 (1, dry meadow, leg. V. T.),
20.VII.2007 (2, dry meadow, leg. V. T.),
05.IV.2010 (1, dry meadow, leg. V. T.), Kaunas
t., Aleksotas env. 29.VII.2004 (1, leg. A. M.);
Mar: Juodeliai env. 30.V.2002 (1, leg. R. F.); Pal:
Moncikë env., 09.V.2001 (1, leg. R. F.); iau:
Slydiai env., 04.V.2013 (2, dry meadow, leg. V.
T.); Var: Merkinë env., 13.VII.1999 (1, leg R. F.).
Earlier records. Only a few earlier records are
known: Baltic sea coast (Barevskis 2001, Fe-
renca et al. 2002), Ignalina, venèionys, and
Vilnius districts (ablevièius 2003, Ferenca et al.
2006).
General distribution. Europe, Northern Af-
rica, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Near East, Turk-
menistan, Kirgyzstan. Not indicated for Lithua-
nia in Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera (Ka-
bak 2003).
Notes. According to Lindroth (1992), this is a
markedly xerophilous and heat-requiring species.
According to our observation it is quite common
in open, dry, sandy habitats, especially in un-
managed grasslands on Calamagrostis epigejos
overgrowths and on dune seashores. It is widely
distributed in Lithuania. The previous records on
this species, found under the bark of Pinus
sylvestris (ablevièius 2003), were based on
wrong identification and should be related to
Dromius schneideri. So, we cannot confirm the
relation of this species with trees. However, in lit-
erature survey this species is mentioned as a trunk
dweller (Felix & Wielink 2011). The adults were
found from March to November (Fig. 3a).
Subgenus Paradromius Fowler, 1887
P. (P. )longiceps (Dejean, 1826)
Examined material. Ner: Juodkrantë env.
(55°3105N, 21°0655E), 02.VII.2005 (1, leg.
R. F.), Juodkrantë env., (55°3058N, 21°06
57E), 06.VII.2012 (1, leg. V. T.).
Earlier records. The earlier record of this spe-
cies from Lithuania (Tamutis et al. 2008) was er-
roneous and related to D. atricapillus (see above).
This species is also noted for Lithuania in the Cat-
alogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera (Kabak 2003)
and Fauna Europaea Web Service (Vigna
Taglianti 2012), but the primary sources of these
notifications remain unknown for the authors.
General distribution. Europe, Caucasus.
Notes. Although the records of the species are
not many in Lithuania, it seems to mainly occur
on the coastal dunes, living in the fascicles of
grasses (Elymus,Ammophila,Calamagrostis).
Genus Philorhizus Hope, 1836
Ph. sigma (Rossi, 1790)
Examined material. Akm: Kamanos Nat. R.,
19.X.1984, 07.XI.1987, 17.VII.1993, 28.IX.
1997 (1, 1, 1, 1, leg. V. M.), 04.V.1992 (1, leg. R.
F.) Gimbetikë env., 09.V.1995 (4, leg. V. M.),
Klyiai env., 12.IV.1993 (5, leg. V. M.),
Alkikiai quarry territory, 07.IV.2012 (1, under
plant debris close to water stand, leg. V. T.); Bir:
Birai t., 30.VII.2008 (1, leg. A. B.); Kai:
Pravienikës env., 31.VII.1985 (1, leg. R. F.),
Bûda B.-Z. R., 08.VIII.1996 (1, leg. R. F.); Kau:
Dubrava f., 19.IV.1982, 16.IV.1990, 01.V.1990,
05.IV.1992 (1, 1, 1, 2, leg. R. F.), Novaraistis
Orn. R., 24.III.2007, 08.IV.2011 (2, 1, under
plant debris, leg. V. T.), Ringovë Ent. R.,
20.V.1998 (1, leg. R. F.), 04.VIII.2009 (1, leg. V.
T.); Pajiesys f., 28.III.2000 (2, leg. R. F.), Jiesia
Land. R., 22.VI.1991 (1, leg. A. M.), Noreikikës
env., 23.VIII.1995 (noted as Philorhizus notatus
by Tamutis et al. (2008)), Margininkai env.,
21.IV.1996 (noted as Philorhizus notatus by
Tamutis et al. (2008)), 29.VIII.1997, 07.IV.2000
(1, 1, Carex sp. overgrowth, leg. V. T.), Braziûkai
env., 03.IV.2011, 25.III.2012 (1, 1, under plant
debris on forest edge, leg. V. T.), 16.IV.2012,
26.IX.2012 (2, 2, leaf litter of osier-bed, leg. V.
T.); Kup: Vizgiûnai env., 06.IV.1991 (1, leg. R.
74 Tamutis & Barevskis ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 25
P.); Mar: Orija env., 05.V.2000 (1, leg. V. M.),
Liudvinavas env., 05.V.2000 (1, leg. V. M.); Ner:
Smiltynë env., 27.V.1990 (1, leg. S. K.),
Alksnynë, env., 03.VI.2000 (1, leg. B. .),
Juodkrantë env., 05.VI.2001, 10.VI.2002 (1, 2,
leg. B. .), 02.VII.2005 (2, leg. R. F.), Lapnugaris
Land. R., 27.V.2010 (2, leg. R. F.); Pal: aeroport
env., 30.V.2001 (1, leg. R. F.); ak: Paluobiai,
27.III.2010, 31.X.2011 (4, 1, leg. R. F.); iau:
Dzidai env., 16.VIII.1997 (1, bank of pond, leg.
V. T.), 27.IV.1996 (3, moist meadow, under plant
debris, leg. V. T.), 10.III.2001 (2, leaf litter of
osier-bed, leg. V. T.), Slydiai env., 08.V.1992
(2, dry meadow, under plant debris, leg. V. T.),
Rëkyva lake env., 20.III.2007 (1, leg. E. R.).
Earlier records. The earlier data on the distri-
bution of this species in Lithuania was actually
very poor. Without definite finding data, this spe-
cies was noted from Kamanos, uvintas and
Èepkeliai Nature Reserves (Monsevièius 1997).
Two previous records of Philorhizus notatus
(Stephens, 1827) were based on misidentification
(Tamutis et al. 2008) and herein related to
Philorhizus sigma.So,Ph. notatus has not been
ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 25 Faunistic review of Lithuanian Lebiinae 75
Fig. 3. Monthly observations of adults of selected Lebiinae species in Lithuania.
found in Lithuania yet and we suggest removing
it from the list of Lithuanian beetles.
General distribution. Europe, Asia Minor,
Near East, Caucasus, Siberia. Not indicated for
Lithuania in Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera
(Kabak 2003).
Notes. This hydrophilic species generally
lives in moist habitats or swamps, richly and thick
overgrown by grasses, but it is also not rare in dry,
sandy habitats. By assessing new examined mate-
rial, Ph. sigma was judged as widely distributed
in Lithuania, frequently found in moist and dry
habitats, richly overgrown by grasses: fresh water
shores and meadows, especially at places where
Salix shrubs border with grasslands. The adults
were found from March to November (Fig. 3b).
3.1.4. Subtribe Lebiina Bonelli, 1810
Genus Lebia Latreille, 1802
Subgenus Lamprias Bonelli, 1810
L. (L.)chlorocephala (J. J. Hoffmann, 1803)
Examined material. Anyk: Katlëriai env., 06.
VIII.1988 (1, leg. S. K.), Bitënai, 02.III.1997 (2,
leg.R.P.);Kai: Kruonis, 03.V. 1998 (1, leg. A.
M.), Morkûnai, 21.VIII.2002 (1, meadow, leg. V.
T.); Kau: Romainiai, 07.IV.1966 (1, leg. E. G.);
Jiesia Land. R., 27.V.1984 (1, leg. R. F.);
Dubrava f., 16.VIII.1986 (1, leg. R. F.); Pypliai
env., 31.III.2002 (1, natural meadow, leg. V. T.);
Noreikikës env., 03.III.1994 (1, wet meadow, V.
T.), Akademija env., 03.V.2000 (1, meadow, V.
T.), 06.VI.1999 (1, leg. V. T.); Kaunas t.,
Panemunës ilas f., 06.V.2004 (1, clearing, leg.
V. T.); Karmëlava env., 21.V.2007 (1, leg. V. I.);
Braziûkai env., 27.IV.2011 (1, dry meadow, leg.
V. T.) Braziûkai env. 14.VII.2012 (1, garden, leg.
V. T.), Girionys env. 02.VIII.2012 (1, leg. K. L.);
Klai: Pëaièiai env., 17.VI.1995 (1, leg. S. K.);
Kre: Moncikë env., 09.V.2001 (1, leg. R. F.);
Kup: Drulënai env., 18.XI.1990 (1, lakeside, leg.
R. P.); K.R.: Kazlø Rûda env., 26.III.1996 (1, leg.
E. G.); Ras: Ariogala env., 13.IX.1979 (1, leg. A.
.); Rok: Obeliai env., 30.VII.2008 (1, leg. A. B.);
iau: Mekuièiai env., 05.VI.2005 (1, leg. anony-
mous); ila: Milaièiai env., 27.IV.2013 (1, leg. R.
F.); Ukm: Dukstyna Ent. R., 07.IV.1985 (1, leg.
R. D.); Ut: Utena t., 13.VI.1965 (1, leg. E. G.);
Antalgë env., 30.III.1977, 10.IV.1978 (1, 1, leg.
A. K).
Earlier records. In Lithuania, the species was
earlier recorded in Vilnius (Ogijewicz 1933,
Ivinskis et al. 2009), Palanga (Ferenca et al.
2002), Klaipëda (Ferenca et al. 2006), Anykèiai,
Ignalina, ilalë, venèionys, Neringa (ablevièi-
us 2003), and Kaunas districts (Inokaitis 2004).
General distribution. Europe, West Siberia,
Kazakhstan, eastern Sayanin.
Notes. This mezophilic species prefers un-
shaded habitats: grasslands, meadows and pas-
tures. The larvae attacked mature larvae and
freshly formed pupae of the leaf beetle
Chrysolina varians (Lindroth, 1954). The largest
numbers of individuals was collected in May and
June (Fig. 3c), usually observed running on soil
surface in various types of meadows or have been
caught using sweep net. In March, April, Septem-
ber, and November the specimens of this species
were occasionally found under plant debris. Our
observations confirm the notion of other authors
that the peak activity of the adults of this species
is in May and June and that it overwinters in the
adult stage (Aleksandrowicz & Maksimenkov
1994).
L. (L.)cyanocephala (Linnaeus, 1758)
Examined material. Trak: Varnikai env.,
07.X.1929 (1, under stone, leg. B. O.); Viln:
Vilnius t., ekinë env., 19.VIII.1923 (2, under
stone,leg.B.O.).
Earlier records. Above mentioned records
are the single ones in Lithuania, published 80
years ago (Ogijewicz 1933).
General distribution. Europe, Northern Af-
rica, Near East, Asia Minor, Caucasus, Central
Asia, southern West Siberia, northwestern China.
Notes. This mostly xerophilic, herbobiontic
species prefers open habitats: grasslands, mead-
ows and forest edges. The larvae attacked mature
larvae and freshly formed pupae of the leaf bee-
tles Chrysolina hyperici and Ch. marginata
(Sazhnev & Eskov 2010). The species is sporadic
and locally distributed throughout all its distribu-
tion range, especially sparse in the northern part
(Haberman 1968, Aleksandrowicz 1991,
Barevskis 2003, Alekseev 2008, Karjalainen et
al. 2010, Ljunberg et al. 2010). There are no new
findings in the Western lowland forest zone of
76 Tamutis & Barevskis ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 25
Russia for more than 80 years (Aleksandrowicz
1993). Considering these facts, it could be argued
that this species is endangered or probably extinct
in these regions and in Lithuania as well. In our
opinion, the main limiting factor for survival of
this species is the scarce presence of its hosts in
the region (Lopatin & Nesterova 2005, Bukejs &
Telnov 2010, Bukejs et al. 2011).
Subgenus Lebia Latreille, 1802
L. (L.) cruxminor (Linnaeus, 1758)
Examined material. Akm: Kamanos Nat. R.,
31.V.2002 (1, leg. V. M.); Anyk: Burbikis env.,
10.VII.1994 (1, leg. S. K.); Kau: Jiesia Land. R.,
25.IV.1982 (1, leg. R. F.); Braziûkai env.,
12.VI.2003 (1, moist forest edge, on Salix sp.,
leg. V. T.), 18.VII.2008 (1, dry meadow, leg. V.
T.), 12.V.2010, (1, dry meadow, leg. V. T.);
Karmëlava env., 16.VI.2006 (1, leg. V. I.);
Girionys env., 02.VIII.2012, (1, leg. K. L.); Kup:
Uubaliai env., 05.V.1995 (1, leg. R. P.); Ma:
Viliotë env., 27.V.1998 (1, leg. V. M.); Ner:Nida
env., on the sand in the beach, 24.V.1991 (1, leg.
V. T.); Pal: aeroport env., 28.VIII.2001 (1, leg. R.
F.), ventoji env., 27.VII.2008 (1, dunes, leg. A.
B. & K. B.); iau: Mirsikë env., 02.VI.1996 (1,
drymeadow,leg.V.T.);ven: Obelø Ragas env.,
05.VII.1979 (1, leg. S. Pa.), 21.V.1982 (1, leg. S.
Pa.); Ukm: Dukstyna Ent. R., 08.V.1979 (1, leg.
G. .); Ut: Antalgë env., 14.VI.1982 (1, leg. A.
K.); Var: Marcinkonys env., 15.V.1984 (1, leg.
R. F.), Viln: Vilnius t., Naujieji Verkiai,
05.VIII.1980 (1, leg. P. I.); Vilnius t., Paneriai,
01.30.VIII.1980 (1, leg. K. A.).
Earlier records. In Lithuania, the speceis was
earlier recorded in Vilnius (Ogijewicz 1933) and
Kaunas (Inokaitis 2004) districts.
General distribution. Europe, Tunisia, Near
East, Asia Minor, Caucasus, Central Asia, Sibe-
ria, Kazakhstan, Kirgyzstan, Mongolia, Far East,
Japan.
Notes. This mezophilic, herbobiontic species,
prefers unshaded habitats: grasslands, meadows
and pastures. The larvae attacked mature larvae
and freshly formed pupae of the leaf beetles
Galeruca tanaceti,Chrysolina varians and C.
hyperici (Wachman et al. 1995, Anderson 2006).
The species is widely distributed in Lithuania but
it is observed sporadically everywhere. The larg-
est numbers of individuals were collected in May,
June, and August (Fig. 3d), usually observed in
various types of meadows.
3.1.5. Subtribe Lionychina Jeannel, 1948
Genus Lionychus Wissmann, 1846
Subgenus Lionychus Wissmann, 1846
L. quadrillum (Duftschmid, 1812)
Examined material. B.: kevonys Geomorpho-
logical R., 17.VIII.2005 (11, in a sun-exposed
gravel slope, leg. R. F.); Pal: Palanga aeroport
env., 09.V.2001, 26.VII.2001 (5, 5, slope of
open, gravelly, sand pit habitat, with sparce vege-
tation, leg. R. F.).
Earlier records. Above mentioned findings
are so far the only published records of this spe-
cies in Lithuania (Ferenca et al. 2002, 2006).
General distribution. Europe, Caucasus, Asia
Minor, Israel. Not indicated for Lithuania in Cat-
alogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera (Kabak 2003).
Notes. This xerophilic species occurs on un-
shaded, sandy or gravely habitats, especially wa-
ter borders or slopes of sand pits, and prefers
highly sun-exposed conditions. According to re-
sults of Swedish scientists, it was the most numer-
ous carabid species in sand pits, highly sun-ex-
posed habitats in the Uppsala County (Lönnberg
& Jonsell 2012). However, this species is still
rare, reported only from 2 places in Lithuania.
Genus Syntomus Hope, 1838
S. foveatus (Geoffroy, 1785)
Examined material. Kai: Kruonis env.,
06.IV.1975, (1, leg. A. M.), Pravienikës env.,
26.V.2007 (1, leg. A. M.); Kau: Dubrava f.,
11.IV.1981, 08.III.1982, 02.VIII. 1983, (24.III.,
07.IV., 02.VI., 07.VII.1985), 05.IV.1986 (1, 1, 1,
1, 7, 7, 2, 1, leg. R. F.); Eerëlis env., 06.VIII.
1982, 26.IV.1986 (1, 1, leg. R. F.); Gaiënëliai
17.VIII.1998, 28.V.2000 (3, 1, leg. V. T.);
Braziûkai f., 20.IV.2004, 01.IV.2007, 28.X.
2007, 28.IX.2012 (4, 1, 3, 2, forest clearings
overgrown by Calluna and Thymus plants, leg. V.
T.); Girininkai II env., 13.IX.1997 (1, heaths, leg.
V. T.); Jiesios Land. R., 15.IV.1985 (1, leg. R.
F.); K.R.: Jûrë env., 24.VIII.1984 (1, leg. R. F.),
Kajackai env., 29.VII.1985 (1, leg. R. F.); Klai:
Nemirseta env., MayJuly, 2004 (6, pitfall traps,
ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 25 Faunistic review of Lithuanian Lebiinae 77
leg. P. I.), 15.VI.2004, 15.V.2005 (3, 3 leg. R. F.);
Mar: Juodeliai env., 15.VIII.2001 (1, leg. R. F.);
Ner: Nagliai Nat. R., 26.V.2010 (1, leg. R. F.);
Pal: ventoji env., 27.VII.2008 (1, dunes, leg. A.
B. & K. B.); Prie: Palios peat bog, 28.IV.1999 (1,
leg.D.D.);ak: Lekëèiai env., 01.V.1988 (1, leg.
R. F.); iau: Slydiai env., 09.VII.1992,
16.VIII.1997, 24.V.2002, 04.VIII.2002, 10.VIII.
2002, 01.IV.2004, 05.IV.2010, 14.IV.2012,
18.VII.2012 (1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, dry meadow
with sparce vegetation, leg. V. T.), Tau: Vievilë
Nat. R., 13.IX.2006 (2, leg. R. F.), Sakalinë f.,
09.V.2008 (5, leg. V. T.); Ut: Antalgë env.,
17.IV.1977, 19.X.1977, 19.IV.1978 (1, 1, 1, leg.
A. K.); Var: Puvoèiai env. 17.V.2012 (1, leg. A.
A.).
Earlier records. Only old earlier records of
this species are known: Kaunas, Panevëys, and
Vilnius districts (Ogijewicz 1933, Ferenca 2006).
It has been also noted for Èepkeliai Nature Re-
serve without definite data (Monsevièius 1997).
General distribution. Europe, Caucasus,
northern Africa, Cyprus, Syria, Kazakhstan,
West Siberia.
Notes. This markedly xerophilous species oc-
curs mainly in habitats of open, dry, sun-exposed,
sand or gravel with sparce vegetation. It is also
frequently found in peat bogs or forest clearings
overgrown with Calluna or Thymus plants. After
assessing new examined material it was con-
cluded that S. foveatus is widely distributed in
Lithuania, frequently found in open, dry, sand or
gravel habitats. It is especially common in dry
meadows with sparce vegetation and in forest
clerings. The adults were found from March to
October (Fig. 3e).
S. truncatellus (Linnaeus, 1761)
Examined material. Akm: Kamanos Nat. R.,
31.V.2002 (2, leg.V. M.), Naujoji Akmenë t.,
04.IV.2010 (1, in park, leg. V. T.), Alkikiai
gravel quarry, 07.IV.2012 (1, leg. V. T.); Bir:
Tabokinë env., 14.VIII.1984 (1, leg. R. F.), Birai
t., 30.VII.2008 (2, leg. A. B.); Joni: Girkanèiai
env., 02.X.1990 (13, leg. V. M.); Klai: Smiltynë
env., 11.IV.2004 (1, leg. R. F.); Kau: Braziûkai
env., 20.IV.2004, 15.VI. 2004, 15.VII.2004,
29.IX.2004, 10.XII.2004, 08.V.2005, 10.V.
2006, 10.IX.2006, 21.III.2007, 10.VIII.2007,
25.XI.2007, 18.II.2008, 05.III.2008, 06.12.IV.
2008, 26.IX.2009, 5.17.IV.2010, 11.IV.2011,
24.III.2012, 16.V.2012, 30.VIII.2012, 23.IX.
2012, 15.IV.2013 (3, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 6, 2, 4, 2, 4, 1,
4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 1, 1, 2, 1, in open places: tillage,
meadows, forest clearings, leg. V. T.), Dubrava
f., 15.V.1969 (1, leg. S. Pileckis), 30.VI.1984,
05.IV.1986 (1, 1, leg. R. F.), Eerëlis env.,
26.IV.1986 (1, leg. R. F.), 28.VI.2010 (1, leg. A.
M.), Narëpai env., 19.VII.2005 (1, leg. V. T.),
Noreikikës env., 16.V.2002 (1, leg. V. T.),
Novaraistis Orn. R., 30.IX.2007 (3, leg. V. T.),
08.IV.2010 (1, leg. B. T.), Kaunas t., Paaislis
env., 27.V.2002 (2, leg. V. T.); Mar: Menkupiai
env., 05.IX.1999, 05.X.1999 (1, 11, leg. V. M.),
Trakënai env., 03.XI.1999 (2, leg. V. M.),
Garbrielikiai env., 03.XI.1999 (1, leg. V. M.),
Juodeliai env., 27.VI.1995 (4, leg. H. O.); Ner:
Juodkrantë env., 10.VII.2000 (1, leg. R. F.); Pal:
ventoji t., 06.X.2001 (1, coastal dunes, leg. V.
T.), Palanga t., 05.VII.1996 (3, coastal dunes, leg.
V. T.); Prie: Palios peat bog, 30.VI.1999 (1, leg.
D. D.); Rok: Obeliai env., 30.VII.2008 (2, leg. A.
B.); iau: Slydiai env., 09.III.2001, 08.IV.2004,
19.VII.2012 (1, 1, 2, dry meadow, leg. V. T.),
Einoraièiai env., 15.VII.1998 (3, leg. R. F.);
Ukm: Pailë f., 30.IV.2004 (1, leg. N. N.); Var:
Merkinë env., 02.VII.1997 (1, leg. A. M.),
Èepkeliai Nat. R., 19.V.2002 (1, leg. V. T.),
Puvoèiai env., 16.V.2012 (1, dry meadow, leg. V.
T.); Zar: Salakas env., 27.VI.1996 (1, leg. H. O.).
Earlier records. This species has been re-
ported from several Lithuanian districts: Vilnius,
Ukmergë, iauliai, Alytus (Ogijewicz 1933,
Mazurowa & Mazur 1939, Monsevièius 1997,
Dvilevièius et al. 1988, Ferenca et al. 2002).
General distribution. Europe, Caucasus,
northern Africa, Cyprus, Syria, Kazakhstan,West
Siberia.
Notes. This eurytopic species prefers open,
dry, sandy, gravelly or peaty habitats, with more
or less continuous vegetation or small subshrubs
like Calluna,Thymus, etc. It could often be found
hibernating in forest litter. In contrary to a pre-
vious view suggested by Pileckis and Monse-
vièius (1995), we consider the species as com-
mon and widely distributed in Lithuania. It is es-
pecially frequent in sandy, dry meadows where it
has been numerously observed (Braziûkai and
Slydiai environs) almost all-year-round (Fig.
3f).
78 Tamutis & Barevskis ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 25
3.2. Tribe Odacanthini Laporte, 1834
Genus Odacantha Paykull, 1798
Subgenus Odacantha Paykull, 1798
O. melanura (Linnaeus, 1767)
Examined material. Alyt: Bambininkai env.,
27.V.1981 (1, leg. S. Pa.); Anyk: Rubikiai lake
env., 06.VI.1992 (1, leg. S. K.); Bir: Nemunëlio
Radvilikis env., 04.VIII.1997 (1, reed bed of riv-
erside,leg.A.G.);Jurb: Vievilë Nat. R.,
Smaladaris env., 13.V.2008 (1, reed bed of riv-
erside,leg.V.T.);Ner: Smiltynë env., 03,V.2000
(1.leg.S.K.);Ner: Juodkrantë env., 02.VII.2005
(1, reed bed of Curonian lagoon, leg. R. F.),
26.V.2011 (2, flying near coast of Curonian la-
goon, leg. V. T.), Nagliai Nat. R., 27.V.2009 (1,
reed bed of Curonian lagoon, leg. R. F.); Kai:
Darsûnikis env., 06.V.1970 (1, reed bed of
lakeside, leg. A. M.); Pravienikës env.,
06.V.1986 (1, leg. R. F.); Kau:JiesiaLan.R.,
26.V.1985 (1, reed bed of riverside, leg. R. F.);
Noreikikës env., 20.V.1994 (1, reed bed of the
shore of pond, leg. V. T.); Gaiënëliai env.,
18.V.2000 (1, reed bed of the shore of pond, leg.
V. T.); Novaraistis Orn. R., 05.VI.2005 (1, reed
bedofswamp,leg.V.T);Kup: Antaava env.,
12.V.1995 (1, leg. R. P.), Vainiûnikis env.,
27.V.1995 (1, reed bed of the shore of pond, leg.
R. P.); Mol: Aisetas lakeside, 28.V.1996 (1, reed
bed, leg. V. T.); Prie: ilavotas env. 03.VI.2012
(1, silty, rush overgrowth channel, leg. V. T.);
Rad: Pravirulis lakeside, 07.VI.1969 (1, reed
bed, leg. A. J.); iau: Dzidai env., 15.V.1998 (1,
reed bed of the shore of pond, leg. V. T.), Slydiai
env., 04.V.2013 (1, reed bed of swamp, leg. V.
T.); ila: ilalë t., 19.VI.1990 (1, reed bed of the
shore of pond, leg. B. .); ilu: Ventës Ragas
env., 24.26.VIII.1988 (3, reed bed of Curonian
lagoon, leg. R. F. and S. G.); Ukm: Dukstyna Ent.
R., 15.IV.1984 (1, leg. R. D.).
Earlier records. Central and Baltic Sea coast
regions of Lithuania (Pileckis 1963, Zajanè-
kauskas & Pileckis 1968, Sharova & Grüntal
1973, Ivinskis et al. 1998).
General distribution. Europe, Caucasus, Asia
Minor, Iran, Kazakhstan, southwestern Altai.
Notes. This species occurs on the shores of
eutrophic, Phragmites-rich waters but rarely
could be found on the shores ranked with Typha
latifolia,Glyceria spectabilis or Juncus sp.
plants. It is a widely distributed species in Lithua-
nia, almost exclusively found in reed beds on the
shores of eutrophic, both running and standing
waters. We have observed active adults during
the warm, sunny days flying or climbing on stems
of reeds or accasionally running on the ground
surface. The obvious preference of this species to
large reed beds as of Curronian lagoon was set-
tled; on small ones, such as ponds and swamps, it
was observed only occasionally. The adults were
found from April to August (Fig. 3g).
4. Discussion
This paper is the first comprehensive review on
the species composition, distribution, and some
ecological features of Lebiinae ground beetles in
Lithuania. During our study, the species compo-
sition of Lithuanian Lebiinae ground beetles was
specified.
4.1. Faunistics of Lithuanian species
of Lebiinae
We discovered that Lebiinae subfamily is pre-
sented by 25 species belonging to 11 genera and
two tribes in Lithuania. The tribe Odocanthini is
monotypical, presented by a single species.
Lebiini tribe is more diverse, presented by four
subtribes, ten genera and 24 species. The most
numerous genera are Dromius (5 species) and
Cymindis (4 species).
The record of Cymindis humeralis remains
unconfirmed, because the evidential specimen
was not available for the authors. The occurrence
of this species in Lithuania is possible, albeit with
the absence of the trustworthy records of this spe-
cies in Latvia (Spuris 1983) and Estonia (Haber-
man 1968), and only solitary records from
Belarus (Aleksandrowicz 1993), Kaliningrad re-
gion (Alekseev 2008), northern Poland (Bura-
kowski et al. 1974) and southern Sweden (Ljun-
berg et al. 2010) clearly demonstrates the rarity of
this species in the region.
TheoccurrenceofPhilorhizus notatus (Ste-
phens, 1827) in Lithuania is disproved as the noti-
ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 25 Faunistic review of Lithuanian Lebiinae 79
fication of this species was based on erroneously
identified specimens belonging to Philorhizus
sigma. The expectation of occurrence of this spe-
cies in Lithuania is quite problematic, because the
information on its distribution in the northern Eu-
rope is still contradictory.
There are not actual data on its occurrence in
Latvia as earlier records (Barevskis 1987,
Cibulskis 1997) were based on missidentified
material and should be related to Ph. sigma (A.
Barevskis pers. comm.). Trustworthy records of
this species are still lacking in Belarus, too. The
record from Vitebsk district (north-western
Belarus) (Radkevich 1970) was probably based
on missidentification (O. R. Aleksandrowicz
pers. comm.). Philorhizus notatus is rare in north-
eastern part of Poland as well, but it is commonly
found in southern Sweden and Finland (Lindroth
1992, Karjalainen et al. 2010).
It is important to note that Demetrias atrica-
pillus, characteristic for Southern and Central Eu-
rope, was found in Lithuania for the first time dur-
ing the current study. Unfortunately, more com-
prehensive information on the distribution of this
species in Lithuania remains poor. Further north
from Lithuania the species was recently recorded
in Latvia (Telnov et al. 2005).
According to Gorodkovs (1984) description
of types of distributional ranges of insects,
Lebiinae ground beetles of Lithuania could be at-
tributed to eight horotypes (Table 1). The ranges
of 18 Lithuanian Lebiinae ground beetles species
are limited to the western Palaearctic and ranges
of only seven species cover the entire Eurasian
continent.
We would like to pay attention to changes in
the distribution of Lebia cyanocephala not only
in our country but also throughout the whole
northern part of the species range. At the begin-
ning of 20th century this species occured in Nor-
way, Finland, Sweden, Latvia, Belarus and Lith-
uania (Ogijewicz 1933, Spuris 1983, Lindroth
1992, Aleksandrowicz 1993), but no more have
been found in the above mentioned countries for
more than eighty years. It is also interesting to
note the opposite tendency. The species Lio-
nychus quadrillum was known only in Southern
and Western Europe until the 1970s, but over pe-
riod of the past 35 years this species has reached
the northern European countries such as Den-
mark, Sweden, Finland, Lithuania and Belarus
(Burakowski et al. 1974, Clayhill 1984, Ferenca
et al. 2002, Tsinkevich & Aleksandrowicz 2002,
Silfverberg 2010).
It is evident from the comparison of the spe-
cies composition of the subfamily Lebiinae in
Lithuania and neighbouring countries that it is not
fully explored in Lithuania. Based on this as-
sumption, we believe that the fauna of Lebiinae
ground beetles in Lithuania will increase at least
by another two species in the nearest future. It is
most likely that Dromius laeviceps and Dromius
angusticollis live in Lithuania, but that should be
confirmed by actual data.
Summarizing the available faunistic data, it
can be concluded that ground beetles belonging
to the subfamily Lebiinae are distributed un-
evenly in Lithuania. More than half of the spe-
80 Tamutis & Barevskis ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 25
Table 1. The spectrum of horotypes of Lithuanian
Lebiinae (horotypes according Gorodkov 1984).
Horotypes Species
Transpalearctic Lebia cruxminor
Microlestes minutulus
Philorhizus sigma
Syntomus foveatus
Syntomus truncatellus
Transeurasian Cymindis vaporariorum
Dromius quadraticollis
Western Palearctic Calodromius spilotus
Demetrias atricapillus
Western Central Palearctic
Demetrias imperialis
Lebia cyanocephala
Paradromius linearis
Euro-Sibero-Central Asiatic
Cymindis angularis
Cymindis macularis
Dromius agilis
Dromius schneideri
Lebia chlorocephala
Odacantha melanura
European Cymindis humeralis
Euro-Caucasian Dromius fenestratus
Dromius quadrimaculatus
Lionychus quadrillum
Paradromius longiceps
Euro-Kazakhstanian Demetrias monostigma
Microlestes maurus
cies, such as Demetrias monostigma,Calo-
dromius spilotus,Dromius agilis,D. quadrati-
colis,D. schneideri, D. quadrimaculatus,Micro-
lestes minutulus,Paradromius linearis,Philo-
rhizus sigma,Lebia chlorocephala,L. crux-
minor,Syntomus foveatus,S. truncatellus,and
Odacantha melanura are widespread in the terri-
tory of the republic and should not be considered
as rare. Nevertheless distributions of species such
as Cymindis angularis,C. macularis,C. vapora-
riorum,Demetria imperialis,D. atricapillus,
Dromius fenestratus,Microlestes maurus,Para-
dromius longiceps,andLionychus quadrillum
are fragmentary, localized in separate areas.
These species are important in biodiversity con-
servation.
4.2. Ecological characteristics
of Lithuanian species of Lebiinae
As it was mentioned in an introductory part of this
paper, Lebiinae are distinguished by high diver-
sity of ecological characteristics and biology.
Therefore to describe their general ecological
characteristics is not easy. In regard to key fea-
tures of their lifestyle, we have identified the ten
most important ecological criteria characterizing
them (Table 2). According to habitat tolerance,
Lebiinae ground beetles can be divided into two
basic groups: stenobionts and eurybionts. Of the
species, 11 (44%) were attributed to the first
group and 14 (56%) to the second one. The ma-
jority of the stenobiontic species are closely re-
ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 25 Faunistic review of Lithuanian Lebiinae 81
Table 2. Ecological characteristics of Lithuanian Lebiinae (following Koch 1989, Lindroth 1992, Barševskis 2003
and our observations) (S: stenotopic, E: eurytopic, X: xerophilic, M: mezophilic, Hi: higrophilic, D: dendrobiont,
Hr: herbicolous, Ep: epigeous, Ps: psammophilic, He: heliophilic).
Species Tolerance Requirement Preference
to habitats of humidity of habitats
SE X M Hi D Hr Ep Ps He
Calodromius spilotus +++
Cymindis angularis ++ +++
Cymindis humeralis ++ +++
Cymindis macularis ++ +++
Cymindis vaporariorum ++ ++
Demetrias atricapillus ++ +
Demetrias imperialis +++
Demetrias monostigma +++
Dromius agilis +++
Dromius fenestratus +++
Dromius quadraticollis +++
Dromius quadrimaculatus +++
Dromius schneideri +++
Lebia chlorocephalus ++ +
Lebia cyanocephala ++ +
Lebia cruxminor ++ +
Lionychus quadrillum ++ ++
Microlestes maurus ++ +++
Microlestes minutulus ++ +++
Odacantha melanura +++
Paradromius linearis ++ ++
Paradromius longiceps +++
Philorhizus sigma +++
Syntomus foveatus ++ +++
Syntomus truncatellus ++ +++
Number of species 11 14 1195681157
Proportion (%) 44 56 44 36 20 24 32 44 20 28
lated to trees. Some ground beetles belonging to
the genus Dromius prefer certain tree species
over others; for example Dromius schneideri and
Calodromius spilotus live almost exclusively on
coniferous trees and D. quadrimaculatus dwell
only on deciduous trees. Other species of this ge-
nus tolerate a variety of tree species, such are D.
agilis,D. fenestratus and D. quadraticollis.The
other quite large group of stenobiontic species is
related to reeds: Odacantha spp. and some spe-
cies of Demetrias and Paradromius genera. Nev-
ertheless, some species belonging to these genera
are characterized by a greater habitat tolerance or
association even to two different habitats. In this
aspect, an interesting species, Demetrias mono-
stigma, can be mentioned. This is a typical spe-
cies found in reeds, but it can be also found in dry,
sandy habitats with Poaceae family plants. For
this reason the species was attributed as a eury-
biont.
According to water demand Lebiinae fauna of
Lithuania is dominated by xerophiles (12 species
48%, Table 2), although some species of this
group have the feature to tolerate higher moisture
of habitats. For example, Cymindis vaporari-
orum tolerates moderate shade, temporary moist
forest edges, Microlestes minutulus tolerates
moderately dry, loamy soils, while Syntomus
truncatellus is commonly found in open, moder-
ately dry and also in semi moist habitats. Some
xerophilic species clearly demonstrate their pref-
erence to sandy soils and are heliophilic. All
Lebiinae species that are dendrobionts we consid-
ered as mezophilic, but indeed they are more re-
lated with inhabited tree species than depended
on humidity. Altogether there are eight mezo-
philic Lebiinae species in Lithuania. Only five
species were considered as higrophilic species,
and they are mainly associated with reeds (except
Philorhizus sigma that shows indifference to veg-
etation).
According to life styles, Lebiinae fauna of
Lithuania was divided into the three groups:
dendrobionts, herbobionts and epigeous species
(Table 2). Most of them are attributed to the
epigeous group (11 species). Eight species are
considered herbobionts and six species dendro-
bionts.
Acknowledgements. We would like to thank Dr. Povilas
Ivinskis, Dr. Vidmantas Monsevièius, Dr. Bronius
ablevièius, Mr. Romas Ferenca and Mr. Aleksandras
Merijevskis for loaning their material for examination.
We are grateful to Dr. Alexander V. Anichtchenko (Insti-
tute of Systematic Biology, Latvia) and Dr. Oleg R.
Aleksandrowicz (Academia Pomorska w Slupsku, Po-
land) for disscusion, assistance in beetle identification and
useful comments on this study. Many thanks to Ms. Giedrë
Pakeltytë (Kaunas T. Ivanauskas Zoological Museum,
Lithuania), Mr. Jim Owens (United States of America) and
Mr. Kieran Flood (Ireland) for language improvements of
the manuscript.
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