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Sobralia abel-arayae, a new and scarce species from Costa Rica
Abstract
To THE SOUTHEAST of Cartago and Paraiso, in Costa Rica, there is a rather primitive road through Gwibata to Cach!o It is better to go up the road through Gwibata, as it is much less frightening than the road from Cachi to Alto de Araya. Near the highest point of the road (Alto de Araya) there is a small lake that is said to be quite deep, and there are many Sobralias growing in or near the lake. Some grow on the tops of shrubs (or trees?) in the lake, and others grow along the edge of the lake. Most of the flowers near the lake are white or nearly white, and the variation strongly suggests that there are many hybrids, but there are also at least a few plants in the area that do not appear to be hybrids, though these may now be very scarce.
... In the last ten years, scientists at the Lankester Garden Botanical Garden, University of Costa Rica, focused in the diversity of Sobralia, building up a large ex-situ collection with literally hundreds of specimens from Costa Rica and abroad, to circumvent the inherent difficulties of studying Sobralia with the traditional technique of pressing and drying fertile field specimens (Dressler and Bogarín, 2007;Bogarín et. al., 2008;Dressler and Pupulin, 2008;Dressler and Bogarín, 2010;Dressler and Pupulin, 2010;Dressler and Bogarín, 2011;Dressler et al., 2011;Dressler, 2012Dressler, , 2013Dressler and Pupulin, 2014;Dressler et al., 2014;Fernández et al., 2014;Dressler and Pupulin, 2015). Thanks to this effort, the flora of Costa Rica presents today a somewhat artificial peak in Sobralia diversity, with nearly 40 recorded species, a hundred times greater than Brazil and eight times greater than orchid-rich Ecuador in terms of diversity index. ...
... In the last ten years, scientists at the Lankester Garden Botanical Garden, University of Costa Rica, focused in the diversity of Sobralia, building up a large ex-situ collection with literally hundreds of specimens from Costa Rica and abroad, to circumvent the inherent difficulties of studying Sobralia with the traditional technique of pressing and drying fertile field specimens (Dressler and Bogarín, 2007;Bogarín et. al., 2008;Dressler and Pupulin, 2008;Dressler and Bogarín, 2010;Dressler and Pupulin, 2010;Dressler and Bogarín, 2011;Dressler et al., 2011;Dressler, 2012Dressler, , 2013Dressler and Pupulin, 2014;Dressler et al., 2014;Fernández et al., 2014;Dressler and Pupulin, 2015). Thanks to this effort, the flora of Costa Rica presents today a somewhat artificial peak in Sobralia diversity, with nearly 40 recorded species, a hundred times greater than Brazil and eight times greater than orchid-rich Ecuador in terms of diversity index. ...
... In the last ten years, scientists at the Lankester Garden Botanical Garden, University of Costa Rica, focused in the diversity of Sobralia, building up a large ex-situ collection with literally hundreds of specimens from Costa Rica and abroad, to circumvent the inherent difficulties of studying Sobralia with the traditional technique of pressing and drying fertile field specimens (Dressler and Bogarín, 2007;Bogarín et. al., 2008;Dressler and Pupulin, 2008;Dressler and Bogarín, 2010;Dressler and Pupulin, 2010;Dressler and Bogarín, 2011;Dressler et al., 2011;Dressler, 2012Dressler, , 2013Dressler and Pupulin, 2014;Dressler et al., 2014;Fernández et al., 2014;Dressler and Pupulin, 2015). Thanks to this effort, the flora of Costa Rica presents today a somewhat artificial peak in Sobralia diversity, with nearly 40 recorded species, a hundred times greater than Brazil and eight times greater than orchid-rich Ecuador in terms of diversity index. ...
Sobralia turrialbina is described and illustrated from Costa Rica. The new species is compared with the morphologically similar S. chrysostoma, from which can be distinguished by the leaves restricted to the terminal third of the stem, the floral bracts twice longer, the flowers dusty pink or pale rose, and the lip with no keels, provided with a hazelnut-brown gorge and the apical margin finely striped with rose-purple. Notes on species distribution, habitat and ecology, and etymology are provided.
The fourth release of the series "New Species and Records of Orchidaceae from Costa Rica" documents and illustrates 17 taxa of the Costa Rican orchid flora. The new species records belong to the subtribes Pleurothallidinae (9 spp.), Maxillariinae (3 spp.), and Oncidiinae (2 spp.), including the description of two new species in Pleurothallis and Telipogon. Two new forms are described for Isochilus latibracteatus (Ponerinae) and Masdevallia striatella (Pleurothallidinae), and their differences from the typical forms are discussed. Additionally, the first record of a naturalized population of Phalaenopsis stuartiana (Aeridinae) in Costa Rica is discussed. Detailed descriptions, based on selected Costa Rican material, are included for all taxa, along with illustrations or Lankester Composite Digital Plates (LCDP). Information on their etymology , distribution, habitat, phenology, and distinguishing features compared to morphologically similar species is also provided. Finally, following the publication of the most recent Costa Rican orchid catalogue, we have identified some omissions and other new species described, which are discussed here. The orchid flora of Costa Rica now includes 1695 species and nine forms.
Orchidaceae, a highly diverse family of angiosperms, exhibits remarkable ecological and morphological adaptations, with most of its species being epiphytic or terrestrial. Nonetheless, their occurrence in aquatic and wetland habitats in the tropics is relatively uncommon, with only a few species adapted to these environments. Consequently, our current understanding of orchids inhabiting wetland ecosystems is limited. This research focuses on Sarcoglottis woodsonii, an aquatic orchid species exclusively found in palustrine wetlands of southern Central America. Previously considered endemic to western Panama, our recent collections (the first since 1940) extend its known distribution to include southern Costa Rica. We provide an updated description, a modern illustration, a conservation assessment based on IUCN criteria, and novel ecological data that shed light on its aquatic habit. With this recent discovery, the number of known Sarcoglottis species in Costa Rica stands at six. We provide a preliminary survey of reported wetland and aquatic orchid species from the Neotropics and give novel definitions for both wetland and aquatic plants. We also present an inventory of the vascular plant species found in the Cañas Gordas/Valle Azul wetland in Costa Rica, where S. woodsonii occurs. This study enhances our understanding of orchid diversity in wetland ecosystems and emphasizes the importance of conserving these unique habitats, often inadequately protected and surrounded by heavily altered ecosystems.
This paper presents a taxonomic revision of species of the genus Sobralia (Orchidaceae) in the Guyanas (Guyana, Suriname & French Guiana) based on an extensive study of herbarium material. Descriptions of their morphology, ecology and distribution are included and supported by illustrations of their habits and floral parts. A determination key is provided. Sobralia agnieszkae Baranow and Sobralia romeroana Baranow & Szlach.—two new species of the genus discovered among material collected in Guyana—are described. Including the newly described taxa, 14 species of the genus occur in the study area and, based on literature data, two further species (S. crocea (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb.f. and S. fimbriata Poepp. & Endl.) are expected to be found there.
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